Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 William Stein Newman April 6, 1912 &ndash April 27, 2000 was an United States American musicologist . He was born in Cleveland, Ohio . From 1945 he taught at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . He is best remembered for his three volume History of the Sonata Idea , a study of the term sonata music sonata comprising The Sonata in the Baroque Era , The Sonata in the Classical Era , and The Sonata Since Beethoven . He also wrote on performance practice. His textbook, Understanding Music , is perhaps the most thoroughgoing text on music appreciation in the English language. Thoroughgoing is a word he would have used. Newman was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia by the Alpha Rho chapter in May, 1963. Newman died in Chapel Hill, North Carolina . Philip F. Gura , a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , is the William S. Newman Distinguished Professor of American Literature and Culture. A concert series at UNC Chapel Hill is named in his honor. His intense interests extended from pugilism specifically, boxing , to hands on involvement with sports cars, and, of course, the Chopin Etudes and the Beethoven Sonatas. Pianists should read his The Pianist s Problems . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Newman, William S. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 6, 1912 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH April 27, 2000 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Newman, William S. Category American musicologists Category 1912 births Category 2000 deaths Musicologist stub US music bio stub pl William S. Newman ... more details
Polyphonie X is a composition by Pierre Boulez for eighteen instruments divided into seven groups, written in 1950 51. It is in three movements. It is one of the first works of Boulez s total serialism serial period. It was composed shortly after Structure 1a , the opening of the piano duo Structures Boulez Structures I Harvnb Heyworth 1973 p 14 Harvnb Jameux 1991 p 52 , the movement the composer would later describe as an experiment with an expressive nadir Harv Jameux 1991 p 51 . The premi re of Polyphonie X during the 1951 Donaueschingen Festival caused a scandal, with one half of the audience shouting and imitating animal noises, while the other half responded with applause and bravos Harv Jameux 1991 pp 47 48 . The title is often misinterpreted as having algebraic significance in fact, the X is intended as a purely graphical symbol, implying the crossing of musical parameters which takes place in the score Harv Jameux 1991 p 47 . Polyphonie X has only been performed twice, and only once in its entirety after hearing a recording of the premi re Boulez immediately withdrew the work because he felt it suffered from theoretical exaggeration Harv Stacey 1987 p 62 , intending eventually to subject it to a thoroughgoing revision Harv Jameux 1991 p 48 . As of 2011 this has not happened, and the piece remains unpublished. Two recordings exist one of the premi re by the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Hans Rosbaud , another by the symphony orchestra of the RAI conducted by Bruno Maderna first movement only . References Citation last Peter Heyworth Heyworth first Peter chapter The First Fifty Years date 1973 editor surname Glock editor first William ed. editor link William Glock title Pierre Boulez A Symposium publisher Eulenburg Books place London publication date 1986 isbn 0903873125 Citation last Jameux first Dominique title Pierre Boulez publisher Harvard University Press place Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge, MA year 1991 isbn 0674667409 tra ... more details
orphan date July 2009 Left communism sidebar Organic centralism is a method of political organisation advocated by Left communism left communists , in particular the Italian Left. It was a concept advanced in the Theses of Lyons 1926 in the context of the Third International The communist parties must achieve an organic centralism which, whilst including maximum possible consultation with the base, ensures a spontaneous elimination of any grouping which aims to differentiate itself. This cannot be achieved with, as Lenin put it, the formal and mechanical prescriptions of a hierarchy, but through correct revolutionary politics. The repression of fractionism isn t a fundamental aspect of the evolution of the party, though preventing it is. ref http www.sinistra.net lib pre lunita dufeadixye.html u8 Draft theses for the 3rd Congress of the Communist Party of Italy presented by the Left 1926 ref . This text then argues that fractionalism would have a positive basis, where it arises in response to the relapse of the party into opportunism, as particularly illustrated by Social Democracy . It is further argued that bourgeois tendencies are not manifested in fractionalism, but as a shrewd penetration stoking up unitary demagoguery and operating as a dictatorship from above . The concept was put forward as against Bolsheviks bolshevisation . One negative effect of so called bolshevisation has been the replacing of conscious and thoroughgoing political elaboration inside the party, corresponding to significant progress towards a really compact centralism, with superficial and noisy agitation for mechanical formulas of unity for unity s sake, and discipline for discipline s sake. This method causes damage to both the party and the proletariat in that it holds back the realisation of the true communist party. Once applied to several sections of the International it becomes itself a serious indication of latent opportunism. At the moment, there doesn t appear to be any internat ... more details
File Siena mura citt 2.jpg thumb Facade of the ambitious extension to Siena Cathedral . Construction was abandoned in 1348. Counting the cost is a name often given to a pair of Parables of Jesus parables told by Jesus in the New Testament , and found in Gospel of Luke Luke niv Luke 14 28 33 14 28 33 . The name comes from the phrase count the cost which occurs in the King James Version of the passage, as well as some other versions. Narrative The two parables are as follows quotation For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first, and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it? Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him, saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish. Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not down first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him that cometh against him with twenty thousand? Or else, while the other is yet a great way off, he sendeth an ambassage, and desireth conditions of peace. So likewise, whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath, he cannot be my disciple. Luke 14 28 33, King James Version Interpretation Joel B. Green suggests that it is unclear what kind of tower is being referred to in the first parable, ref name Green Joel B. Green , http books.google.com.au books?id wzRVN2S8cVgC&pg PA566 The Gospel of Luke , Eerdmans, 1997, ISBN 0802823157, pp. 566 567. ref but notes that the message is that a thoroughgoing fidelity to God s salvific aim ref name Green is required, manifest in one s identity as a disciple of Jesus. ref name Green This involves putting family and possessions second, ref name CM Charles McCollough, http books.google.com.au books?id fRkGxX7muNkC&pg PA94 The Art Of Parables Reinterpreting the Teaching Stories of Jesus in Word and Scripture , Wood Lake Publishing, 2008, ISBN 1551455633, pp. 94 95. ref as in niv Matthew 8 18 22 Matth ... more details
George Brodie 1786? 1867 , historian, was born about 1786 in East Lothian, where his father was a farmer on a large scale, and a contributor to the improvement of Scottish husbandry. Educated at the high school and University of Edinburgh, he became in 1811 a member of the Faculty of Advocates. He seems to have done little at the bar. He was an ardent whig , and his political creed partly inspired the one work by which he is known, his History of the British Empire from the accession of Charles the First to the Restoration, with an introduction tracing the progress of society and of the Constitution from the feudal times to the opening of the history, and including a particular examination of Mr. Hume s statements relative to the character of the English government. The statements which Brodie undertook to refute were chiefly those in which Hume found precedents for the claims of the Stuarts in the action of the Tudor sovereigns. Brodie s history was by far the most elaborate assault on the Stuarts and their apologists, especially Hume and Clarendon, and the most thoroughgoing vindication of the puritans, that had then appeared. It was not of high historical value. It was reviewed in the Edinburgh Review for March 1824, probably by John Allen of Holland House celebrity see Lord Jeffrey s letter to him in Lord Cockburn s Life of Jeffrey, 2nd ed. 1852, ii. 217 . While generally laudatory, the reviewer censured Brodie s indiscriminating partisanship. Guizot has expressed his surprise that so passionate a partisan should have written with so little animation Preface to the Histoire de la Revolution d Angleterre, 4th ed. 1860, i. 15 . In the Scotch agitation for the first Reform Bill, Brodie presided at a very numerous gathering of the working men of Edinburgh held on Arthur s Seat in November 1831 against the rejection of the bill by the peers. In 1836 he was appointed historiographer of Scotland, with a salary of 180l, a year. In 1866 appeared a second edition of his H ... more details
Peter Annet 1693 18 January 1769 was an English people English Deism deist and early Freethought freethinker . Early life and work Annet is said to have been born at Liverpool . A schoolmaster by profession, he became prominent owing to his attacks on orthodox theologians, as well as for his membership of a semi theological debating society, the Robin Hood Society , which met at the Robin Hood and Little John at Butcher Row . Annet was very hostile to the clergy and to scripture , being a thoroughgoing deist in every way. He distinguished himself by being extremely critical of the character and reputation of King David and the Paul of Tarsus Apostle Paul . In 1739 he wrote and published a pamphlet, Judging for Ourselves, or Freethinking the Great Duty of Religion, a strong criticism of Christianity . For writing this and similar pamphlets, he lost his teaching position. A work attributed to him, called A History of the Man after God s own Heart 1761 , intended to show that King George II of Great Britain George II was insulted by a current comparison with King David. The book is said to have inspired Voltaire s Saul . It is also attributed to one John Noorthouck Noorthook . In 1763 he was condemned for blasphemous libel in his paper called the Free Inquirer , of which only nine numbers were published. After his release he kept a small school in Lambeth , one of his pupils being the politician James Stephen politician James Stephen 1758 1832 , who became master in Court of Chancery Chancery . Pillory and death At age 68, Annet was sentenced to the pillory and a year s hard labor. He died on 18 January 1769. Position When the Christian apologist s replaced the argument from miracles with the argument from personal witness and the credibility of Bible Biblical evidence, Annet, in his Resurrection of Jesus 1744 , assailed the validity of such evidence, and first advanced the hypothesis of the illusory death of Jesus , suggesting also that possibly Paul of Tarsus Paul sh ... more details
NOTOC Manfred Frank born March 22, 1945 is a Germans German philosopher , currently professor of philosophy at the University of T bingen . His prolific work focuses on German idealism , romanticism , and the concepts of Subject philosophy subjectivity and self awareness self consciousness . His 950 page study of German romanticism, Unendliche Ann herung , has been described as the most comprehensive and thoroughgoing study of early German romanticism and surely one of the most important books from the post War period on the history of German philosophy. ref Fred Rush, Review of The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism , Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 9 Dec 2004. http ndpr.nd.edu review.cfm?id 1024 ref He has also written at length on analytic philosophy and recent French philosophy. Life Frank was born in Elberfeld , Germany, and studied philosophy at the University of Heidelberg under teachers such as Hans Georg Gadamer , Karl L with , Ernst Tugendhat , and Dieter Henrich . After teaching at the University of D sseldorf from 1971 to 1982, and at the University of Geneva from 1982 to 1987, Frank accepted a position at T bingen in 1987. He is a specialist in the philosophy of literature. Selected works Books He is the author of a wide range of books published in German, French, and English, including The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism. Albany, NY State University of New York Press, 2004. ISBN 141757576X The Subject and the Text Essays on Literary Theory and Philosophy. Cambridge, U.K. & New York Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 051100513X What Is Neostructuralism? Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press, 1989. ISBN 0816615993 Das Problem Zeit in der deutschen Romantik Zeitbewusstsein und Bewusstsein von Zeitlichkeit in der fr hromantischen Philosophie und in Tiecks Dichtung Paderborn Winkler Verlag, 1972, 1990. ISBN 353807804 L ultime raison du sujet Arles, France Actes Sud, 1988. ISBN 2868692044 Einf hrung in die fr ... more details
primarysources date May 2008 Montagu Christie Butler , b. 25 January 1884 in London , d. 5 May 1970 was a United Kingdom British academic, library science librarian and music theory musician . A winner of several prizes at the Royal Academy of Music in London , he was a harp ist and a versatile music education music teacher skilled in playing various musical instrument s, as well as a teacher of Voice pedagogy voice and of musical composition . He was a Religious Society of Friends Quaker and a Vegetarianism vegetarian who first became an Esperantist in 1905. From that time Butler taught Esperanto to students, eventually achieving near native fluency and becoming the first truly Multilingualism bilingual Esperantist . Butler was a member of the Lingva Komitato Linguistic Committee , the group tasked with preserving the fundamental principles of the Esperanto language and guiding its evolution. From 1916 to 1934 he served as secretary of the Esperanto Association of Britain Brita Esperanto Asocio . Writing and translation Editor of La Brita Esperantisto The British Esperantist in 1931 and 1932, he became one of 57 principal collaborators on the 1933 Enciklopedio de Esperanto Esperanto Encyclop dia . Amongst other works, he translated Caroline Emelia Stephen s Quaker Strongholds . Butler is the editor of two respected Esperanto language anthologies, Kantaro Esperanta a songbook with 358 songs and Himnaro Esperanta a hymnal with 212 hymns . He adapted Pitman Shorthand to Esperanto and is the author of the textbook Step by Step in Esperanto , published by Esperanto USA , and a thoroughgoing Esperanto English Dictionary. The major collection of Esperanto and Esperanto related books he assembled during his lifetime now forms the heart of the Montagu Butler Library at Wedgwood Memorial College in Staffordshire , England . Translations Charles Dickens Dickens, Charles La vivo de nia sinjoro Jesuo 1934 Henry Rider Haggard Haggard, Henry Rider Luno de Izrael rakonto pri la el ... more details
of mind was deep and thoroughgoing . ref Cite journal title Escape from barbarity journal The Spectator ... vulgarity of mind was deep and thoroughgoing, to judge by the interviews he gave after the award. It was symptomatic ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Daleallison.jpg right 100px thumb Dr. Dale Allison Dale C. Allison is a Christian theology Christian theologian who currently serves as Errett M. Grable Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Early Christianity at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary . Prior to joining Pittsburgh Theological Seminary in 1997, Allison served on the faculties of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas and Friends University in Wichita, Kansas. He is the author of books on early Christian eschatology , the Gospel of Matthew , the so called Sayings Source of the Q document , the historical Jesus , and the Testament of Abraham . Allison received his PhD from Duke University. He has been called the premier Matthew specialist of his generation in the United States and North America s most complete New Testament scholar. http www.bakeracademic.com ME2 Audiences dirmod.asp?sid 0477683E4046471488BD7BAC8DCFB004&nm &type PubCom&mod PubComProductCatalog&mid BF1316AF9E334B7BA1C33CB61CF48A4E&tier 3&id E0E85B156417430BA3DA9286FCB38756 He is a prominent defender of the view of the historical Jesus as an apocalyptic prophet expecting the imminent end of the age, and the thoroughgoing eschatology of Albert Schweitzer . This is laid out in his book Jesus of Nazareth Millenarian Prophet . This went against the views of the Jesus Seminar , particularly the influential views of scholars like John Dominic Crossan , whose reconstruction of Jesus was largely free of apocalyptic. Publications cite book last Allison first Dale title Constructing Jesus Memory, Imagination, and History publisher Baker Academic year 2010 isbn 9780801035852 cite book last Allison first Dale title The Historical Christ and the Theological Jesus publisher Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co year 2009 isbn 978082862624 cite book last Allison first Dale title The Love There That s Sleeping The Art and Spirituality of George Harrison publisher T. & T. Clark International year 2006 isbn 0826427561 cite book las ... more details
PaliCanonSamanaViews Ajita Kesakambali n was an ancient Indian philosopher in the 6th century BC. He is considered to be the first known proponent of Indian materialism . He was probably a contemporary of Gautama Buddha Buddha and Mahavira . It has frequently been noted that the doctrines of the Lokayata school were considerably drawn from Ajita s teachings. Like those of Lokayata Lokayatins , nothing survives of his teachings in script, except some scattered references made by his opponents for the sake of refutation. Thus, due to the nature of these references, the basic framework of Ajita s philosophy has to be derived by filtering out obscure legends associated with him. For instance, according to a Buddhist legend, he wore a blanket of human hair Kesakambali in Sanskrit means with the hair blanket , which is described as being the most miserable garment. It was cold in cold weather, and hot in the hot, foul smelling and uncouth . ref name Bhaskar 1972 Bhaskar 1972 Page needed date September 2010 ref Renowned historian Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi DD Kosambi , who elsewhere ref Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi DD Kosambi 1956 Page needed date September 2010 ref calls Ajita a proto materialist, notes ref Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi DD Kosambi 1965 Page needed date September 2010 ref that he preached a thoroughgoing materialist doctrine good deeds and charity gained a man nothing in the end. His body dissolved into the primary elements at death, no matter what he had or had not done. Nothing remained. Good and evil, charity and compassion were all irrelevant to a man s fate. According to an early Buddhist source, Ajita Kesakambali argued that blockquote There is no such thing as alms or sacrifice or offering. There is neither fruit nor result of good or evil deeds...A human being is built up of four elements. When he dies the earthly in him returns and relapses to the earth, the fluid to the water, the heat to the fire, the wind to the air, and his faculties pass into spac ... more details
He Qinglian zh s t p H Q ngli n is a Chinese author and economist, most prominently known for her critical view of Chinese society and Censorship in the People s Republic of China media controls in China . Biography She was born in Shaoyang , Hunan , China , in 1956. She studied history in Hunan Normal University from 1979 to 1983. In 1988 she received a Masters degree in economics from Fudan University in Shanghai, China. She worked in universities in Hunan and Guangdong for several years. Later she became a newspaper editor in Shenzhen , Guangdong. She wrote many articles and several books on Chinese society and economy. The Pitfalls of Modernization , her most famous book, sold over 100,000 copies in China and won acclaim from both the public and economists. She argues in Pitfalls that, as power has devolved to local government, local officials who at first favored reform later came to oppose further reform which might limit their discretion and so make it harder to trade power for money and money for power. In the latter part of Pitfalls she also discussed the revival of clan power in southern provinces such as Guangdong and Fujian . Her articles, which point to deep structural problems and declare that thoroughgoing political reform will be necessary if economic reform is to succeed, displeased some Chinese government officials. Due to her articles she got more and more pressure in China and on June 14, 2001 she fled from home abroad. She now lives in the United States . He Qinglian s articles often appear in the Chinese language press outside of China. Her book Media Control in China was published online in Chinese with an English language summary by Human Rights in China in 2004 and serialized on the website of a scholarly Chinese language quarterly based in New Jersey, Modern China Studies . A revised and expanded edition was published in Taipei by Liming Cultural Enterprises in 2006. External links http www.businessweek.com ... more details
Jean Orry Paris , 4 September 1652 &ndash Paris, 29 September 1719 was a French economist whose broad financial and governmental reforms in early 18th century Bourbon Spain helped to further the implementation of centralized and uniform administration in that country. Jean Orry s career as a munitioneer for the army of Italy between 1690 and 1698, demonstrated his capacities. ref Denise Ozanam provides a well documented account, ref Louis XIV of France , whose grandson had just succeeded to the Spanish throne as Philip V of Spain Philip V November 1700 , sent Orry to Spain in 1701 to report on the finances of that kingdom, at the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession 1701&ndash 14 . Orry, working on information gathered during several residences at Madrid, drew up detailed memoranda advising not only the centralization of financial administration but also recommending a thoroughgoing reform of the basic governmental system on the French model in Orry s proposals, political power would be transferred from the royal councils, dominated by nobles with strong vested interests, to a number of ministers, similar to the French secretaries of state, who would be loyal to the crown, from which all their authority would originate. Under pressure because of the war, Philip first put Orry in charge of Spain s military finance. He reorganized and increased tax collection and devised various expedients to pay for troops and provisions for the war. He also instituted proceedings to recover stolen or alienated royal property. Shortly after May 1705 a position of secretary of war and finance was created, an initial step in Orry s reform program. Except for the interval when Orry was recalled to France in the summer of 1706 and did not return to Spain until April 1713, he joined the royal favourite , the self styled Marie Anne de la Tr moille, princesse des Ursins Princesse des Ursins , who had arrived in 1701 as Camarera mayor de Palacio to the young queen, as the de facto r ... more details
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