Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Stand Up For Your Rice Type Studio Artist Money Mark Cover Stand up for your rice.jpg Released 2007 11 21 Recorded Genre Length Label Rush Production Producer Reviews Last album This album Next album Stand Up For Your Rice is a 2007 album by Money Mark released in Japan only. Track listing Turkey Pot Pie You And I Pretend Song With Gas Percolate The Monte Cristo Silly Putty Upon Closer Inspection Happy Life Notorious Fig Remy s Night Sprout Patrol The Vegan Menace Nanobot Highway Double M Ten Personnel Recorded and edited By Nick Pavey, mixed by Yonatan Elkayam and mastered by Dave Cooley. References http www.rushproduction.net disc mmark standup.html Rush Productions http info.hmv.co.jp p t 2630 280.html Stand Up For Your Rice at HMV Japan http www.beastiemania.com discog show.php?r markricecdjp Stand Up For Your Rice at Beastiemania.com External links http www.discogs.com Money Mark Stand Up For Your Rice release 1493939 discogs.com Japan album stub Category 2007 albums Category Money Mark albums ... more details
The Synthesis Toolkit STK is an open source Application programming interface API for Real time computing real time audio synthesis with an emphasis on classes to facilitate the development of physical modelling synthesizers. It is written in C and is written and maintained by Perry Cook at Princeton University and Gary Scavone at CCRMA . It contains both low level synthesis and signal processing classes oscillator s, audio filter filter s, etc. and higher level Tool instrument classes which contain examples of most of the currently available physical modelling algorithm s in use today. STK is free software, ref https ccrma.stanford.edu software stk faq.html ref but a number of its classes, particularly some physical modelling algorithms, are covered by patents held by Stanford University and Yamaha. ref https ccrma.stanford.edu software stk classstk 1 1Mandolin.html details ref The STK is used widely in creating software synthesis applications. Versions of the STK instrument classes have been integrated into ChucK , CSound Csound , Real Time Cmix , Max MSP as part of PeRColate , SuperCollider and FAUST programming language FAUST . Ref http code.google.com p stk faust ref It has been ported to SymbianOS as well. ref Georg Essl, Michael Rohs, http www.eecs.umich.edu gessl georg papers icmc2006mobilestk.pdf Mobile STK for Symbian OS Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, TU Berlin ref References reflist External links http ccrma www.stanford.edu software stk STK Home Page at CCRMA http code.google.com p stk in as3 STK in AS3 ActionScript port of The Synthesis ToolKit in C Category Audio programming languages Compu lang stub ... more details
from coffee grains by the Moka using a process known as percolation . The verb to percolate ... for extracting a soluble constituent. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary percolatepercolate Merriam Webster Online , 2008. Retrieved on 2005 10 27 ref In order to percolate or brew the coffee ... more details
Image Cedar Bog Ohio Trail.JPG thumb 320px Boardwalk crossing Cedar Bog Cedar Bog State Nature Preserve is a fen left behind by the retreating glaciers of the Wisconsin glaciation about 12,000 18,000 years ago. A protected area of about convert 450 acre km2 of fen remain from the original area of approximately 7,000 acres 28 km . Cedar Bog is located in Champaign County, Ohio Champaign County , Ohio , United States , near the city of Urbana, Ohio Urbana . Ground water from the Mad River Ohio Mad River Valley and the Urbana Outwash percolate through hundreds of feet of gravel left behind by the glacier in the Teays River . The Teays River is an underground river that existed before the Wisconsin glacier which, before the glacier, rivaled the Ohio River in size. In addition to the water that feeds the bog, the glacier also left behind plants that are unique to Cedar Bog. Many of these plants are rare or endangered. The Cyperaceae sedges and other plants that grow here left behind by the last glacier were the food for mastodon s and Megatherium giant sloths that once roamed the earth. Also, trees found here like Betula pumila Bog Birch and Northern White Cedar are more commonly found in the more northern Boreal Forest . Cedar Bog is also the home of the endangered Spotted Turtle , Sistrurus catenatus Massasauga Rattlesnake , and Aglais milberti Milbert s tortoise shell butterfly . Cedar Bog was purchased in 1942 by the Ohio Historical Society and was the first nature preserve purchased with State monies. It is on the register of List of National Natural Landmarks National Natural Landmarks . External links http www.cedarbog.org The Cedar Bog Association Navigation boxes br clear all Protected Areas of Ohio coord 40 03 34 N 83 47 44 W display title Category Bogs of Ohio Category Protected areas of Champaign County, Ohio Category Landmarks in Ohio Category National Natural Landmarks in Ohio Category Ohio Historical Society Category Nature reserves in Ohio ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Smoke Ghost Type Album Artist Tadpoles band Tadpoles Cover TadpolesSmokeGhost cover.jpg Released 1998 Recorded 1997 Genre Psychedelic Rock Length 0 52 11 Label Bakery Records Producer Mark Kramer Reviews Allmusic Rating 4.5 5 Allmusic class album id r352365 pure url yes Last album Destroy Terrastock Live br 1998 This album Smoke Ghost br 1998 Next album Whirlaway album Whirlaway br 1999 Smoke Ghost 1998 is the third full length studio album released on CD by Tadpoles band Tadpoles and is the first album with Tadpoles new drummer, Adam Boyette. Upon original release, Bakery Records included a copy of Tadpoles Destroy Terrastock Live with all mail orders. The song Breaking is a re recording of the original version which appeared on the group s 1992 cassette only album, Superwhip . Know Your Ghosts is identical to the version which was released on the 1997 Know Your Ghosts E.P. Track listing When I Feel Kramer 5 28 Snow Down Parker 5 57 Breaking Parker 3 07 Happy Feet Kramer 5 21 Jaded Jean Parker Max 3 50 Rainbowmaker Kramer 4 45 Know Your Ghosts Kramer Max 4 20 Sense Parker 4 08 Firecracker Kramer 4 44 Percolate Parker 9 31 Personnel Todd Parker musician Todd Parker Vocals on 2,3,5,8,10 and Guitars, Emulator Nick Kramer musician Nick Kramer Vocals on 1,4,6,7,9 and Guitars David Max Bass Adam Boyette Drums and Percussion Production Smoke Ghost was produced, engineered and mixed by Mark Kramer Shimmy Disc at Noise New Jersey Studio in 1997. Additional engineering by Steve Watson. Album artwork and design was created by Ann Manca. Mastered by Todd Parker at dbs digital in Hoboken, NJ. Category 1998 albums Category Tadpoles band albums 1990s indie rock album stub ... more details
Infobox Non profit Non profit name Nimmagadda Foundation Non profit logo founded date 2006 founder Nimmagadda Prasad location Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh , India origins key people area served focus Advance Human Welfare method Donations, Private and Corporate Funding, Mentoring revenue endowment num volunteers owner Non profit slogan homepage http www.nimmagaddafoundation.org www.nimmagaddafoundation.org dissolved footnotes Nimmagadda Foundation is a philanthropic initiative of Mr. Nimmagadda Prasad , the Chairman of VANPIC Group. With major contributions by Prasad, in his personal capacity, Nimmagadda Foundation was set up to work in areas like healthcare, education, life skills improvement and community development. The foundation seeks to work in collaboration with non profit organizations and other likeminded NGOs. The foundation firmly believes that the society would flourish only when the benefits of economic growth percolate down the line to the less privileged segments of the society. It is not about giving charity but about building sustainable communities that are enabled and empowered in the long run. Drishti Vision , Hrudaya Heart , Arogya Health , Vidya Education , Nypunya Skillset and Parirakshna Restoring are the core areas that the Foundation is currently working in. The Asian Institute of Gastroenterology , CARE Hospitals and LV Prasad Eye Institute are key partners in the initiative. In 2010, Nimmagadda Foundation donated to TeachAIDS to fund the creation of new state of the art HIV AIDS education for India ref cite news title Star touch to animated film on HIV AIDS url http expressbuzz.com cities hyderabad star touch to animated film on hivaids 226342.html work The New Indian Express date 27 November 2010 accessdate 16 December 2010 ref . Notes references http nimmagaddafoundation.org Nimmagadda Foundation Website Category Non profit organisations based in India ... more details
Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Givin Water to a Drowning Man Cover Artist Lee Roy Parnell Album We All Get Lucky Sometimes B side Squeeze Me ref name whitburn cite book last Whitburn first Joel title Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008 publisher Record Research, Inc date 2008 page 315 isbn 0 89820 177 2 ref Released May 6, 1996 Format CD single Genre Country music Country Length Duration m 3 s 30 Label Career Records Career Writer Gary Nicholson br Lee Roy Parnell Producer Scott Hendricks br Bill Halverson br Lee Roy Parnell Last single Heart s Desire Lee Roy Parnell song Heart s Desire br 1996 This single Givin Water to a Drowning Man br 1996 Next single We All Get Lucky Sometimes br 1996 Givin Water to a Drowning Man is the title of a song co written and recorded by American singer Lee Roy Parnell . It was released in May 1996 as the fourth single from his 1995 album We All Get Lucky Sometimes . The song spent 20 weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number twelve in 1996. ref name whitburn Content The song finds a man taking a stance for fidelity and offering a unique rebuff to a woman trying to lead him astray by saying, you want to give me lovin and I m sure that you can but it d be like givin water to a drowning man... Critical reception Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that Parnell s bluesy vocals percolate on this raucous Texas roadhouse number. She goes on to say that his distinctive voice and slide guitar always make Parnell a welcome addition to country airwaves, and this tune is pure summertime fun. ref Billboard magazine Billboard , May 11, 1996 ref Chart performance Givin Water to a Drowning Man debuted at number 56 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 18, 1996. class wikitable sortable align left Chart 1996 align center Peak br position singlechart Billboardcountrysongs 12 artist Lee Roy Parnell artistid 2464 align left Canadi ... more details
The Cambridge Circus or Keynes s Circus was a group of young University of Cambridge Cambridge economists closely associated with John Maynard Keynes . The group consisted of Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn Richard Kahn , James Meade , Joan Robinson , Austin Robinson , and Piero Sraffa . ref Kahn, 105. ref The Circus formed immediately following the 31 October 1930 publication of Keynes s A Treatise on Money ref Kahn, 105. ref . The group met to read and discuss the Treatise and to provide feedback on Keynes s continuing theoretical work that would lead to his General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money . ref Kahn, 105. ref Sraffa initiated the group, which meant in Kahn s rooms of the Gibb s Building at King s College, Cambridge King s College . ref Cambridge Circus. ref The Circus met among themselves and in a seminar, which included some undergraduates, during the 1930 1931 academic year. ref Kahn, 105. ref The seminar convened in the Old Combination Room of Trinity College, Cambridge Trinity College . ref Cambridge Circus. ref Kahn acted as the group s spokesperson and met with Keynes weekly to discuss the Circus s thoughts. ref Kahn, 106. ref Kahn identifies the widow s cruse and Daughters of Danaus Danaid jar fallacy as the most substantive issue in the group s discussions. ref Kahn, 106. ref The issue referred to Keynes s statement in the Treatise that an entrepreneur who spent his profits on consumption goods would increase profits for another entrepreneur by the same amount and that these profits would percolate through the economy endlessly like the oil from the widow s cruse in I Kings 17 16. The reverse case, where entrepreneurs save, is analogous to the Danaid s jar that never fills . The Circus challenged Keynes s implicit assumption that there was a fixed supply of consumption goods. ref Kahn, 107. ref The influence of the group on the General Theory has been debated. Joseph Schumpeter stated that Kahn s contribution was almost that off a co author, bu ... more details
extensions e.g. the PeRColate ref cite web last1 Trueman first1 Dan last2 DuBois first2 R. Luke title PeRColate A collection of synthesis, signal processing, and image processing objects year 2001 url http music.columbia.edu percolatePeRColate manual.pdf publisher Columbia University format PDF ... more details
Infobox lake lake name Twitchell Reservoir image lake caption lake location San Luis Obispo County, California San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara County, California Santa Barbara counties, California California, USA coords coord 34.998 120.333 region US CA type waterbody display inline,title type Reservoir water Reservoir outflow Evaporation Terminal evaporation inflow Cuyama River outflow Cuyama River catchment basin countries United States length width area depth max depth volume convert 225000 acre.ft m3 abbr on residence time shore elevation 1951 frozen islands cities reference gnis 255810 Twitchell Reservoir is a reservoir water reservoir in southern San Luis Obispo County, California San Luis Obispo County and northern Santa Barbara County, California Santa Barbara County in California . The reservoir has a capacity of convert 225000 acre.ft m3 abbr on and is formed by Twitchell Dam on the Cuyama River about convert 66 mi km from its headwaters in the Chumash Wilderness Area and about convert 6 mi from its confluence with the Sisquoc River , where they form the Santa Maria River California Santa Maria River . Twitchell dam was built by the United States Bureau of Reclamation between 1956 and 1958. The original names were Vacquero Dam and Vacquero Reservoir, but they were changed to honor T. A. Twitchell of Santa Maria, California Santa Maria , a proponent of the project. The dam and reservoir provide flood control and water resources water conservation . The Central Coast, California Central Coast of California only receives significant amounts of rainfall during the winter, this area averaging convert 14 in mm per year. The water is stored in the reservoir during big winter storms and released as quickly as possible while still allowing it to percolate into the soil and recharge the groundwater . This means that the reservoir is usually far from full. It is estimated that the project increases recharge by convert 20000 acre.ft m3 abbr on annually. Sedimentation is ... more details
in text citations date December 2010 Banded Waveguides Synthesis is a physical modeling synthesis method to simulate sounds of dispersive sounding objects, or objects with strongly inharmonic resonant frequencies efficiently. It can be used to model the sound of musical instrument instruments based on elastic solids such as vibraphone and marimba bars, singing bowls and Bell instrument bells . It can also be used for other instruments with inharmonic partials, such as membranes or plates. For example simulations of tabla tabla drums and cymbal s have been implemented using this method. Because banded waveguides retain the dynamics of the system, complex non linear excitations can be implemented. The method was originally invented in 1999 by Georg Essl and Perry Cook to synthesize the sound of bow music bowed vibraphone bars Harv Essl Cook 1999 . In the case of the standard one dimensional wave equation math y tt c 2y xx math disturbances of all frequencies travel with the same constant speed math c math . In dispersive media the traveling speed of disturbances depends on their frequency and we get math c omega math where math omega math is the frequency of the disturbance. Many physical systems are dispersive, for example the elastic beams described by the Euler Bernoulli beam equation math y tt ky xxxx math where math k math is a material constant. Banded waveguides model dispersive behavior by splitting the propagation of disturbances into frequency band s. Each frequency band is modeled using a band limited version of the standard digital waveguide synthesis digital waveguide method. Each frequency band is tuned to the resonant frequencies of the sounding object to be modeled to avoid any discretization error at the dominant and audible frequencies Harv Essl Serafin Cook Smith 2003 . Banded waveguide synthesis is implemented in most available sound synthesis libraries and programs such as Synthesis Toolkit STK ChucK Pure Data pd and Max MSP via PerCoLate Real tim ... more details
Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name That Girl s Been Spyin on Me Cover just the file name Artist Billy Dean Album It s What I Do B side Don t Threaten Me with a Good Time ref name whitburn Released Start date 1996 06 10 Format CD single Genre Country music Country Length Duration m 3 s 44 Label Capitol Records Capitol 58563 Writer Tom Shapiro br Max T. Barnes Producer Tom Shapiro br Nancy H. Williams ref cite album notes title It s What I Do bandname Billy Dean year 1996 format CD liner notes publisher Capitol Records Nashville publisherid 30525 location Nashville, Tennessee ref Last single It s What I Do song It s What I Do br 1996 This single That Girl s Been Spyin on Me Br 1996 Next single I Wouldn t Be a Man Br 1996 That Girl s Been Spyin on Me is the title of a song written by Tom Shapiro and Max T. Barnes , and recorded by American country music singer Billy Dean . It was released in June 1996 as the first single from his fifth studio album, 1996 s It s What I Do . The song spent twenty weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts in 1996, peaking at number four. ref name whitburn cite book last Whitburn first Joel title Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008 publisher Record Research, Inc year 2008 page 119 isbn 0 89820 177 2 ref Critical reception Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that the cloak and dagger spy intro gives way to tasty guitar, piano, and fiddle licks that percolate nicely. She goes on to say that the writers provide Dean with a catchy melody and cute lyric, to which he adds a playful vocal delivery. ref Billboard magazine Billboard , June 22, 1996 ref Chart positions That Girl s Been Spyin on Me debuted at number 72 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of June 15, 1996. class wikitable sortable align left Chart 1996 align center Peak br position align left U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks align center 4 align left Canadian RPM Country Tracks ... more details
Image Perkulator.jpg thumb 250px Percolator A coffee percolator is a type of pot used to brew coffee . The name stems from the word percolation percolate which means to cause a solvent to pass through a permeable substance especially for extracting a soluble constituent . ref name Dictionary cite web title percolate url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary percolated year 2008 publisher Merriam Webster accessdate 2008 01 09 ref In the case of coffee brewing the solvent is water, the permeable substance is the coffee grounds, and the soluble constituents are the chemical compounds that give coffee its color, taste, and aroma. There are two basic types of percolator One which forces boiling water under pressure through the grounds into a separate chamber and One which continually cycles the boiling brew through the grounds using gravity until the required strength is reached. ref name AraAzzurro cite web title About Coffee Coffee percolator url http www.araazzurro.ca about coffee.aspx Coffee percolator year 2007 publisher Ara Azzurro accessdate 2008 01 09 ref Coffee percolators once enjoyed great popularity but were supplanted in the early 1970s by Drip brew automatic drip coffee makers , and more recently by the French press , as well as a renewed interest in espresso coffee. Percolators often expose the grounds to higher temperatures than other brewing methods, and may recirculate already brewed coffee through the beans. As a result, coffee brewed with a percolator is susceptible to over extraction. Percolation may remove some of the volatile compounds in the beans. This results in a pleasant aroma during brewing, but a less flavourful cup. ref name Spava cite web title Coffee Drinks url http www.fortifiedcoffee.com acatalog coffeedrinks.html publisher Fulcrum Health Ltd. accessdate 2008 10 20 ref However, percolator enthusiasts praise the percolator s hotter, more robust coffee, and maintain that the potential pitfalls of this brewing method can be eliminated by ... more details
in increased NO3 N concentration in percolate water ref name mangiafico2006 Areas made of sod undergo ... of nitrate leaching. For example, greater water percolate concentrations of NO3 N resulted from a late ... more details
for the 1961 album Columbia Princeton Electronic Music Center album Other uses CMC disambiguation The Computer Music Center CMC at Columbia University is the oldest center for electronic music electronic and computer music research in the United States . The Center was founded in the 1950s as the Columbia Princeton Electronic Music Center . The CMC is housed on 125th Street in New York City . It consists of a large graduate research facility specializing in computer music and multimedia research, as well as a number of musical composition composition and recording studio s for student use. Projects to come out of the CMC since the 1990s include Real Time Cmix PeRColate dorkbot ArtBots The Computer Music Center has no degree program of its own, and draws students from throughout the Columbia community, primarily from the departments of music , computer science , electrical engineering , visual arts , film , intellectual property law , and psychology . The director of the CMC is Brad Garton , and the CMC offers classes taught by George Lewis trombonist George Lewis , Terry Pender , Douglas Repetto , and R. Luke DuBois , as well as a large number of visiting faculty who give seminars every year. History Deleted image removed Image Cpemc2.jpg thumb left 500px The Electronic Music Center Staff mid 1970s The forerunner of the Columbia Princeton Electronic Music Center was a studio founded in the early 1950s by Columbia University professors Vladimir Ussachevsky and Otto Luening , and Princeton University professors Milton Babbitt and Roger Sessions . Originally concerned with experiments in music musical composition composition involving the new technology of reel to reel tape music tape , the studio soon branched out into all areas of electronic music research. The Center was officially established with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1959 which was used to finance the acquisition of the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer from its owner, RCA. The flagship piece of ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Hydrometallurgy is part of the field of extractive metallurgy involving the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas Leaching Solution concentration and purification Metal recovery Leaching Leaching metallurgy Leaching involves the use of aqueous solutions containing a lixiviant which is brought into contact with a material containing a valuable metal. The lixiviant in solution may be acidic or basic chemistry basic in nature. The type and concentration of the lixiviant is normally controlled to allow some degree of selectivity for the metal or metals that are to be recovered. In the leaching process, oxidation potential, temperature, and pH of the solution are important parameters, and are often manipulated to optimize dissolution of the desired metal component into the aqueous phase. The three basic citation needed date November 2010 leaching techniques are in situ leaching, heap leaching, and vat leaching. In situ leaching In situ leaching is also called solution mining. The process initially involves drilling of holes into the ore deposit. Explosives or hydraulic fracturing are used to create open pathways within the deposit for solution to penetrate into. Leaching solution is pumped into the deposit where it makes contact with the ore. The solution is then collected and processed. The Beverley Uranium Mine Beverley uranium deposit is an example of in situ leaching. citation needed date November 2010 Heap leaching In heap leaching processes, crushed and sometimes agglomerated ore is piled in a heap which is lined with an impervious layer. Leach solution is sprayed over the top of the heap, and allowed to percolate downward through the heap. The heap design usually incorporates collection sumps which allow the pregnant leach solution i.e. solution with dissolved valuable metals to be pumped for furth ... more details
unreferenced date January 2008 Unsourced image removed image easton1.jpg thumb right 250px The River Itchen at Easton, Hampshire Easton , near Winchester , steaming on a cold winter morning Image Chalkstream.jpg thumb right 250px The River Bourne, Wiltshire River Bourne at Winterbourne Gunner , a typical chalk stream Image cress.jpg thumb right 250px Commercial watercress production near New Alresford in Hampshire Chalk streams have characteristics which set them apart from watercourse s associated with other Rock geology rock types. Aside from those with an interest in the geology geological and ecology ecological disciplines, the term chalk stream is most widely used among a small group of fly fishermen who fish for trout on these rivers utilizing a specific type of artificial fly and their attendant techniques , as the ecology of the chalk streams creates an especially entertaining variation on the general theme of fly fishing . Chalk geology is porous, and rain falling onto chalk hill s percolate directly into the ground, where the chalk acts as an aquifer . The water filters through the chalk, re emerging lower down the slope in spring hydrosphere springs . The chalk acts as a temporary reservoir by regulating the amount of water supplied to the springs. This is why many chalk streams in the UK have stable flow regimes that vary only slightly over time. The temperature of the emerging surface water is fairly stable and rarely deviates from 10 C 50 F . On cold winter mornings, it can look as though steam is rising above the relatively warm river. Chalk is a soluble geology in rainwater because rain is naturally slightly acidic . The products of chalk weathering are dissolved in rainwater and are transported in stream flow. Chalk streams transport little Suspension chemistry suspended material unlike most rivers , but are uniquely mineral rich. The surface water of chalk streams is commonly described as gin clear . The channel bed consists of angular flint gravel ... more details
Infobox lake lake name Laguna Catemaco br Lago Catemaco image lake Laguna catemaco shore.jpg caption lake image bathymetry caption bathymetry location Catemaco, Veracruz Catemaco Municipality , Veracruz coords coord 18 25 N 95 05 W region MX type waterbody display inline,title type polymictic, eutrophic inflow outflow Rio Grande de Catemaco catchment basin countries Mexico length width area convert 72.54 km2 sqmi abbr on depth 7.6 m max depth volume residence time shore elevation 340 m 1,115 ft islands cities Laguna Catemaco is a freshwater lake located at the center of the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas in south central Veracruz , in east central Mexico . In English the word lagoon generally describes a body of water exposed to the sea. In Mexican Spanish laguna seems to be used to refer to lagoons plus lakes in general. Common usage in Mexico is Laguna de Catemaco , though scientific articles prefer to use the less ambiguous name Lake Catemaco or Lago Catemaco in Spanish. Hydrology Laguna Catemaco was formed millennia ago, when lava flow from Volcano San Martin Tuxtla blocked its current northern end, and stands now at 340 m 1,115 ft above sea level. It is shallow, averaging 7.6 m 25 ft , with a maximum depth of 22 meters located in the channel between Isla Agaltepec and the city of Catemaco . The circulation pattern is clockwise. The laguna drains via the Rio Grande de Catemaco and its water level is controlled by several dams which replaced historic waterfalls. The change in water level is more than can be explained by evaporation and outflow. Apparently the laguna sits upon fissures permitting water to percolate down. The lake is polymictic water turns over more than twice a year , well oxygenated, and contains excessive nutrients eutrophic because of fertilizer runoff from the neighboring farms and nurseries. Because of the excessive nutrients, Laguna Catemaco is one of the more productive lakes in Mexico, up to 1,800 tons annually. Large netting is prohibited to assur ... more details
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