PCR may refer to Political parties Partido Comunista Revolucionario see disambiguation the Communist Party of R union Parti Communiste R unionnais the Romanian Communist Party Partidul Communist Rom n Others Pcr, Phosphocreatine P. Craig Russell , an artist Palestinian Center for Rapprochement between Peoples based in Beit Sahour Passive radar Passive covert radar , a radar system exploiting broadcast transmitters Passport Carrier Release , the name of the operating system that runs on Nortel Multiservice switches in carrier configurations Paul Cruickshank Racing , an Australian V8 Supercar motor racing team Traffic contract Traffic Parameters Peak Cell Rate , a source traffic characteristic on ATM networks Periodic current reversal , a technique used in electrochemistry Platform Configuration Register , a Trusted Platform Module register storing platform configuration measurements Polymerase chain reaction Post conviction relief Practical Chinese Reader , a book series designed to teach students Chinese Pressure Conductive Rubber Primary Charge Roller , used in laser printers Principal component regression , a statistical technique Television studio Production control room Program Control Room in a television studio Prophylactic cranial radiotherapy or Preventative cranial radiotherapy, radiation therapy given to a person s head to prevent or delay the spread of a cancer to the brain. Also referred to as Prophylactic cranial irradiation Process capability ratio MPEG transport stream PCR Program Clock Reference , used in MPEG transport streams Proteinuria Protein Creatinine Ratio , used to measure proteinuria XM PCR , a satellite receiver Put call ratio , a technical analysis indicator disambig ca PCR da PCR flertydig de PCR es PCR eo PCR fr PCR it PCR nl PCR ja PCR pt PCR ro PCR zh PCR ... more details
MassTag PCR is a new technology PCR based on Mass spectrometric detector Mass Spectrometric detection of end product. This technology is pioneered by scientist from Center for Infection and Immunity CII of Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University , USA. Principles Like conventional PCR MassTag PCR also use PCR Primer primer pairs . The difference is primers used for MassTag PCR are tagged with molecules of known masses or MassCodes. Instead of single pair of primers this technology uses a number of primers, making it a multiplex system. Unlike, conventional Multiplex PCR system, in MassTag PCR more than 15 primer pairs could be used. If DNA from any of the agent of primer panel is present, it will be amplified. Each amplified product will carry its specific Masscodes. After PCR the PCR product are purified with to remove unbound primers, dNTPs, enzyme and other impurities. Finally, the purified PCR products are subject of Ultra violet UV as the chemical bond with nucleic acid and primers are photolabile. As the Masscodes are liberated from PCR products they are detected with a Mass Spectrometer.Presence of specific MassCode indicates the presence of specific pathogen. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 15752453 Diagnostic system for rapid and sensitive differen... Emerg Infect Dis. 2005& 93 PubMed result Bot generated title ref ref http www.cdc.gov ncidod EID vol11no02 04 0492.htm Differential Detection of Multiple Respiratory Pathogens CDC EID Bot generated title ref Applications This technique has been found to detect a previously uncharacterized clade of rhinovirus . ref http cii.columbia.edu pdf Multiplex MassTag PCR for respiratory pathogens.pdf doi 10.1016 j.jcv.2008.06.007 Bot generated title ref MassTag PCR is a more comprehensive and sensitive diagnostic technique, CII was able to determine the cause of this illness for 26 out of 79 previously unknown cases. MassTag PCR demonstrated its tripartite value as a tool for surveillance, outbreak detection ... more details
merge site directed mutagenesis discuss Talk PCR mutagenesis Merger proposal date August 2010 Multiple issues unreferenced January 2010 context January 2010 PCR mutagenesis is a method for generating site directed mutagenesis . This method can generate mutations base substitutions, insertions, and deletions without the need for subcloning into M13 based bacteriophage vectors and for ssDNA rescue. The procedure involves a PCR reaction using a plasmid or chromosomal DNA as template and synthetic oligonucleotide primers containing the desired mutation with each complementary to the opposite strands of the vector. DEFAULTSORT Pcr Mutagenesis Category Mutagenesis genetics stub ... more details
orphan date June 2010 COLD PCR co amplification at l ower d enaturation temperature PCR is a modified Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR protocol that enriches variant alleles from a mixture of wildtype and mutation .... Common PCR will amplify both the major wildtype and minor mutant alleles with the same efficiency ..., traditional PCR is used in tandem with a number of different downstream assays for genotyping or the detection ... of mutations by Sanger sequencing or pyrosequencing . Replacing traditional PCR with COLD PCR for these downstream ... tumors and body fluids. COLD PCR Method Overview File COLD PCR.jpg thumb upright 2.5 alt An overview of COLD PCR compared to regular PCR. Conventional PCR compared to COLD PCR. The underlying principle of COLD PCR is that single nucleotide mismatches will slightly alter the melting temperature ... temperature Tc lower than its Tm. The PCR amplification efficiency drops measurably below the Tc. The Tc ... mismatches will have different amplification efficiencies if the denaturation step of PCR is set to the Tc ... variant DNA will be amplified and be available for subsequent rounds of PCR. There are two forms of COLD PCR that have been developed to date. Full COLD PCR and Fast COLD PCR. File Fast versus Full COLD PCR.jpg thumb upright 2.5 alt An overview of Full COLD PCR in comparison to Fast COLD PCR. Full COLD PCR versus Fast COLD PCR. Full COLD PCR Full COLD PCR is identical to the protocol outlined above. These five stages are used for each round of amplification. Fast COLD PCR Fast COLD PCR differs from Full COLD PCR in that the denaturation and intermediate annealing stages are skipped. This is because .... Fast COLD PCR produces much faster results due to the shortened protocol. However, it is important to note that Full COLD PCR is essential for amplification of all possible mutations in the starting mixture of DNA. Two round COLD PCR is a modified version of Fast COLD PCR. During the second round of Fast COLD PCR nested primers are used. This improves the sensitivity of mutation detection compared ... more details
Chain Reaction PCR process. The Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR has found widespread application in many areas of genetic analysis. This is a list of some of these applications Medical applications PCR has been applied to a large number of medical procedures The first application of PCR ref name Saiki1 ... of rare fetal cells circulating in the mother s bloodstream. PCR analysis is also essential to Preimplantation .... PCR can also be used as part of a sensitive test for tissue typing , vital to organ transplantation ... type with PCR based tests. ref Quill E Blood Matching Goes Genetic Science journal Science Magazine ... PCR based tests to study these mutations, therapy regimens can sometimes be individually customized ... have been revolutionized by PCR The Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV , responsible for AIDS ... agents to fight the infection don t affect the antibodies. PCR HIV test tests have been developed ... in the laboratory. PCR based tests have allowed detection of small numbers of disease organisms both ... domestic or Goose wild animals can be monitored by PCR testing. In many cases, the appearance of new ... for Influenza pandemic earlier epidemics can also be determined by PCR analysis. Forensic applications The development of PCR based Genetic fingerprinting genetic or DNA fingerprinting DNA fingerprinting ... testing confirmed or ruled out . Research applications PCR has been applied to many areas of research in molecular genetics PCR allows rapid production of short pieces of DNA, even when nothing more than the sequence of the two primers is known. This ability of PCR augments many methods, such as generating ... Southern or northern blot hybridization. PCR supplies these techniques with large amounts of pure DNA .... The task of DNA sequencing can also be assisted by PCR. Known segments of DNA can easily be produced ... of interest. PCR has numerous applications to the more traditional process of DNA cloning . It can extract ... already been inserted into vectors. Some alterations to the PCR protocol can generate mutations ... more details
Chain Reaction PCR process. The versatility of PCR has led to a large number of variants Basic modifications Often only a small modification needs to be made to the standard PCR protocol to achieve a desired goal Multiplex PCR uses several pairs of primers annealing to different target sequences ... of multiplex PCR. Multiplex PCR has also been used for analysis of Microsatellite genetics ... TM, Waterman A, Chalmers KJ title Multiplex Ready PCR A new method for multiplexed SSR and SNP genotyping .... center Variable Number of Tandem Repeats VNTR PCR targets areas of the genome that exhibit Variable ... National DNA database databases such as Combined DNA Index System CODIS . Asymmetric PCR preferentially ... out as in PCR, but with a limiting amount or leaving out one of the primers. When the limiting ..., named L inear A fter T he E xponential PCR or LATE PCR , uses a limiting primer with a higher ... Medicine isbn 978 1 58829 578 1 ref Also see Overlap extension PCR . Some modifications are needed to perform long PCR . The original Klenow fragment Klenow based PCR process did not generate products ... pnas.91.12.5695 ref Image Nested PCR.png thumb right 200px center Nested PCR center Nested PCR is used ... reactions. In the first PCR, one pair of primers is used to generate DNA products, which may contain products amplified from non target areas. The products from the first PCR are then used as template in a second PCR, using one hemi nesting or two different primers whose binding sites are located nested within the first set, thus increasing specificity. Nested PCR is often more successful in specifically amplifying long DNA products than conventional PCR, but it requires more detailed knowledge of the sequence of the target. Q PCR Quantitative PCR or Quantitative polymerase chain reaction Q PCR is used to measure the specific amount of target DNA or RNA in a sample. By measuring amplification ... during the amplification. Quantitative Real Time PCR QRT PCR methods use fluorescent dyes ... more details
Image XM PCR.png thumb right XM PCR Receiver The XM PCR is a satellite receiver sold by XM Radio and discontinued in 2004, amidst piracy concerns. Programs such as TimeTrax allowed users to record every song played on an XM channel, quickly and cheaply building an MP3 library. History The PCR was first announced in 2003. ref http www.spaceref.com news viewpr.html?pid 11474 XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. Announces First Quarter 2003 Results SpaceRef.Com May 8, 2003 . Press Release. Retrieved February 17, 2007 ref The next year, XM pulled the PCR s from the market, reportedly due to music piracy. ref C Net News.com August 30, 2004 http news.com.com 2100 1026 3 5330698.html XM Radio pulls PC hardware amid piracy concerns . Retrieved February 17, 2007. ref However, that didn t stop demand Some units were reportedly selling for more than US 300 on eBay . As of February 2007, prices settled down to around US 30 50. Enhancements Several enhancements have been created for the PCR, both software and hardware. In the software arena, PCR Replacement programs have been sprouting up on Internet forums and web sites. These are software packages that replace the interface included with the PCR, XMMT. Several features have been added to these new programs, including the ability to Radio music ripping rip songs and build an MP3 library, Time shifting time shift shows so that the user can listen at a more convenient time, control the radio via a web browser, and stream audio to other computers. Some web sites also offer a playlist log, which allows a user to browse a list of all the recently played songs or shows. A hardware modification has also been discovered that allows the addition of a TOSLINK optical output, allowing users to connect the PCR to the optical digital input on a home ... Cable The XM Direct receiver, also marketed as the XM Commander, can now serve the same purpose as the PCR ..., the XM Direct supports some features not found on the original PCR. The XM Mini tuner may also hold ... more details
Multiple issues orphan January 2011 unreferenced January 2011 PCR food testing is the engagement of Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR technologies for the testing of food for the presence or absence of human pathogen s, such as Escherichia coli E. coli , Salmonella , Listeria , etc. PCR test results offers faster, more accurate test result data than traditional microbiological culture methods, which typically require 24 to 48 hours of growth time and often report less than 100 specificity and sensitivity. PCR results can be reported from 30 to 55 minutes after the initiation of the amplification run. PCR test results report very close to 100 specificity and sensitivity. Four sample collection sites for PCR food testing can be The food irrigation water. The food wash water. Environmental samples collected in the food processing facility. The finished food product, whether fresh or processed. Each of these sample types can be collected, prepared and PCR tested within a short time for many sample types. Some sample types may require sample enrichment via shortened culture growth periods prior to PCR testing. References reflist Links http www.fda.gov Food ScienceResearch LaboratoryMethods BacteriologicalAnalyticalManualBAM UCM070080 http www.fda.gov Food GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation GuidanceDocuments ProduceandPlanProducts ucm120246.htm ftn1 ftp www.sccwrp.org pub download DOCUMENTS JournalArticles 484 pcr fecal santamonica.pdf Food science DEFAULTSORT PCR food testing Category Production and manufacturing Category Industrial processes Category Food industry Category Food science Category Food technology Processing Category Agricultural economics ... more details
A real time PCR instrument is a machine that amplifies and detects DNA . It combines the functions of a thermal cycler and a fluorimeter , enabling the process of Real time polymerase chain reaction real time PCR . The first real time PCR machine was described in 1993 ref Citation title Simultaneous ... title Real Time PCR Current Technology and Applications trans title url format accessdate type ... 39 4 oclc doi id page pages at trans chapter chapter Chapter 2 An Overview of PCR Platforms chapterurl ... RT PCR year 2006 journal The Journal of American Science pages 1 15 volume 2 issue 3 last1 Ma first1 ... performance dimensions of real time PCR instruments are thermal control, fluorimetry and sample throughput. Thermal control Efficient performance of quantitative PCR requires rapid, precise, thermal control. 30 cycles of Polymerase chain reaction PCR have been demonstrated in less than 10 minutes ... 2009 . Thermal non uniformity during temperature cycling contributes to variability in PCR ref Citation title Performance evaluation of thermal cyclers for PCR in a rapid cycling condition year 2008 ... title Novel approach for assessing performance of PCR cyclers used for diagnostic testing year ... real time PCR ref Citation title Faster quantitative real time PCR protocols may lose sensitivity and show ... PCR products by performing melting point analysis ref name Herrmann 2007 Cite pmid 17556647 ... and uniformity of thermal control are important performance characteristics of real time PCR instruments. Fluorimetry Real time PCR instruments monitor the progress of PCR, and the nature of amplified ... quantified in a single PCR reaction ref Citation title Heptaplex real time PCR for the identification ... are also important performance characteristics of real time PCR instruments. References See ... Available real time PCR cyclers http www.horizonpress.com pcr qPCR machines.html Features of Real time PCR Platforms and qPCR Machines Categories Category Laboratory equipment ... more details
orphan date July 2010 Wikify date March 2010 Hot Start PCR is a modified form of Polymerase chain reaction PCR which avoids non specific amplification of DNA by inactivating the taq polymerase at lower temperature. In this dsDNA is denatured by heating the sample at its denaturing temperature and then the temperature is suddenly reduced to 55 degree C at which primer and Taq plymerase is added, but here the difference arises i.e. specific antibodies are used to block this Taq polymerase at annealing temperature. Now when the temperature raises for amplification to 72 degrees, the specific antibody detaches from Taq polymerase and the amplification with greater specificity starts. ref cite book title Principles of gene manipulation last Primrose first S. B. coauthors Richard M. Twyman, R. W. Old page 23 year 2001 publisher Wiley Blackwell isbn 9780632059546 ref References reflist Category Polymerase chain reaction biology stub ar zh ... more details
reaction PCR Polymerase chain reaction PCR assays came into use in the mid to late 1990s. Reduced turnaround ... of viral culture. PCR was originally developed for DNA targets but the application of reverse transcriptase enzymes RT PCR allowed the method to extend to RNA targets. File TaqMan Probes.jpg left Real time PCR by TaqMan Probes Nested RT PCR Nested PCR is a 2 step approach which targets outer and inner portions of a sequence of DNA. Initial PCR assays used by diagnostic labs in the late 1990s tended to be nested assays as they showed improved sensitivity over non nested PCR. ref cite journal last ... Syndrome Virus in Boar Semen by PCR journal Journal of Clinical Microbiology year 1995 month july pages 1730 1734 accessdate 31 October 2011 ref Because the nested PCR requires handling of amplified PCR products during testing, it suffers from false positives if not done carefully. Real time PCR The innovation of fluorescent labeled DNA probes and high throughput instrumentation to read them brought Real time PCR to diagnostic labs. Real time PCR assays offered as good or better sensitivity than nested PCR, fast turnaround time in the lab, and lower rates of cross contamination via closed ... name Murtaugh Detection hazard Though the real time PCR tests used now have high sensitivity and specificity , these improvements have come with some hazards as well. Real time PCR using Taq man chemistry ... detection by real time RT PCR journal Journal of Clinical Virology year 2010 volume 48 pages 91 ... real time PCR testing in order to get a quick diagnosis. &rarr Mutation in viral RNA occurred ... PCR to determine which management options to use to control virus spread. Until the test is updated ... States each use their own real time PCR method and communication of test failures due to new ... introduction, PCR alone is often relied on as the primary screening tool. This over reliance on a single ... developed and maintained real time PCR assays, which transfers the work of assay updates ... more details
Summary logo fur Article Paul Cruickshank Racing Use Infobox ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for Owner Website History Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Paul Cruickshank Racing logo Source http www.pcrnet.com.au Portion Low resolution Purpose Must be specified if Use is not Infobox Org Brand Product Replaceability other information Licensing Non free logo ... more details
Summary Information Description Negative image of an ethidium bromide stained DGGE gel loaded with 16S rRNA coding gene fragments Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date Author G. Roeselers, Delft University of Technology other versions Licensing self GFDL cc by sa 3.0 migration redundant Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Summary logo fur REQUIRED Article Pirate City Rollers Use Org HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source http a7.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net hphotos ak ash2 23824 336991447286 306203927286 3339766 6147682 n.jpg ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for Owner Pirate City Rollers Website www.piratecityrollers.com History Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description This is the logo for Pirate City Rollers roller derby league. Portion The entire logo is used to convey the meaning intended and avoid tarnishing or misrepresenting the intended image. Low resolution The logo is of a size and resolution sufficient to maintain the quality intended by the company or organization, without being unnecessarily high resolution. Purpose The image is used to identify the organization Pirate City Rollers, a subject of public interest. The significance of the logo is to help the reader identify the organization, assure the readers that they have reached the right article containing critical commentary about the organization, and illustrate the organization s intended branding message in a way that words alone could not convey. Replaceability Because it is a logo there is almost certainly no free equivalent. Any substitute that is not a derivative work would fail to convey the meaning intended, would tarnish or misrepresent its image, or would fail its purpose of identification or commentary. other information non free logo Licensing Non free logo ... more details
Copy to Wikimedia Commons priority true By Richard Wheeler Zephyris 2005 Summary of the process of inverse PCR . Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense Category Polymerase chain reaction Category PCR images ... more details
Copy to Wikimedia Commons priority true By Richard Wheeler User Zephyris Zephyris 2005 Diagram illustrating the process of nested PCR . Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense Category PCR images ... more details
Palestinian Center for Rapprochement between Peoples PCR is a non profit, non affiliate, non religious organization. The PCR is based in Beit Sahour under the aegis of the International Solidarity Movement . George Rishmawi is director of PCR. ref http www.pcr.ps reports PCR annual report 2005.htm PCR annual report ref The group was established in 1988, then formally registered under the auspices of Mennonite Central Committee in Jerusalem in 1991 and officially registered in the Palestinian Ministry of Interior in 2004. The PCR works to promote grassroots dialogue and joint work between Palestinians and people from different nationalities. Its main objective is to encourage peaceful solutions to the Palestinian cause through disabling existing stereotypes and prejudice. In addition, PCR works in the field of human rights and information dissemination International Middle East Media Centre , IMEMC . ref http www.unhcr.org refworld country,,IRBC,,PSE,4562d8cf2,3df4be9014,0.html UNHCR ref Ghassan Andoni is co founder of PCR, the current director is George N. Rishmawi. Footnotes reflist Category Palestinian organizations ... more details
Summary Made it myself Convert to SVG and copy to Wikimedia Commons Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense Category PCR images ... more details
A random hexamer or random hexonucleotides are for various polymerase chain reaction PCR applications such as rolling circle amplification to prime the DNA. ref http www.invitrogen.com site us en home References protocols nucleic acid amplification and expression profiling pcr protocol pcr and rt pcr.html ref References reflist Category Polymerase chain reaction ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Revolutionary Communist Party Lang es Partido Comunista Revolucionario was a Maoist pro China communist party in Chile founded in 1966. The founders of PCR belonged to ESPARTACO led by the Valpara so senator Jaime Barros P rez Cotapos , a group that had been expelled from the Communist Party of Chile PCCh , and Revolutionary Communist Union , another splinter group of PCCh. PCR was led by Jorge Palacios and David Benquis. PCR published El Pueblo and Causa Marxista Leninista . In 1984 PCR was one of three founding organizations of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement . PCR dissolved in internal strife. One section would refound itself as the Communist Organization Recabarren in 1985. Category Political parties established in 1966 Category Communist parties in Chile Revolutionary Communist Party Chile Category Political parties in Chile Category Maoist organizations es Partido Comunista Revolucionario Chile fr Parti communiste r volutionnaire Chili ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
