Image Never was so much owed by so many to so few.jpg right 200px thumb World War II poster containing the famous lines by Winston Churchill Never was so much owed by so many to so few was a wartime speech made by the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on 20 August 1940. The name stems from the specific line in the speech, Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few , referring to the ongoing efforts of the Royal Air Force pilots who were at the time fighting the Battle of Britain , the pivotal air battle with the German Luftwaffe with Britain expecting a Operation Sealion German invasion . The speech also refers to the aerial bombing campaign by RAF Bomber Command , although the speech is usually taken to only refer to Fighter Command. With the Battle of Britain won a few months later and German plans postponed, the Allied airmen of the battle ultimately became known as The Few . Background Churchill first used his famous words upon his exit from the Battle of Britain Bunker at RAF Uxbridge on August 16 when visiting the No. 11 Group RAF Operations Room during a day of battle. Afterwards, Churchill told Major General Hastings Ismay Don t speak to me, I have never been so moved . ref Bungay 2000, p.223 ref After several minutes of silence he said Never in the field of human conflict has so much been owed by so many to so few. The sentence would form the basis of his speech to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom House of Commons on August 20. ref The World At Arms . Wright M. Readers Digest 1989 ref Pug Ismay told publisher Rupert Hart Davis in 1954 an anecdote about Churchill when Churchill and Ismay were travelling together in a car, in which Winston rehearsed the speech he was to give in the House of Commons on 20 August 1940 ... so many owed so much to so few , Ismay said What about Jesus and his disciples? Good old Pug, said .... Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few. All hearts go out ... more details
This World War II poster was taken from the uploader s own collection. A lower resolutio version of the same poster is available at https www.mplib.org wpdb index.asp?exact MPW00376 where the publisher information is provided as follows Printed for H.M. Stationery Office by Lowe & Brydon Printers, Ltd . This implies that the copyright holder is HMSO or, in other words, it is Crown Copyright. As this poster is more than 50 years old, it is now in the public domain. PD BritishGov Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Summary Book Jacket of Windows to Vietnam, created and owed by Cheshire Publishing Co. Scott Clarkson, Owner and President Licensing self GFDL cc by 2.5 migration relicense Orphan image Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Summary Stephen Blythe, candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives, Florida 15th District. Copyright is owed by Stephen Blythe Licensing PD self date August 2008 Orphan image Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
A short sale can refer to various kinds of transactions Short finance the seller is not the owner of a security that he or she sells Short sale real estate the lender allows a property to be sold for less than the amount owed on a mortgage and takes a loss. This usually occurs when the market drops and the property is worth less than what the current mortgage is. Usually facilitated by a loss mitigator who negotiates that debt owed down to level where the property can be sold. disambig ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 orphan date November 2006 Margin balance is the total balance in a margin account . If the balance is negative, then the amount is owed to the brokerage firm. If the balance is positive, then the money is available to the account holder to reinvest, or is left in the account to earn interest . DEFAULTSORT Margin Balance Category Finance Finance stub ... more details
Kingman Daily Miner is a local newspaper in Kingman, Arizona owed by Western News&Info Inc. It has a 8,030 circulation. http www.mondotimes.com 1 world us 3 132 138 External links http kingmandailyminer.com Kingman Daily Miner Category Media in Mohave County, Arizona Category Newspapers published in Arizona ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Peskin v Anderson court Court of Appeal image RAC hut and motorcycle patrol Dinky Toys 43 .jpg caption date decided full name citations 2000 http www.bailii.org ew cases EWCA Civ 2000 326.html EWCA Civ 326 , 2001 2 BCLC 1 judges prior actions subsequent actions opinions Mummery LJ transcripts keywords Directors duties Peskin v Anderson 2000 http www.bailii.org ew cases EWCA Civ 2000 326.html EWCA Civ 326 is a UK company law case concerning directors duties . Facts Former members of the Royal Automobile Club Ltd sued the directors for failing to disclose that they had plans to demutualise. They could have got 35,000 but had given up their membership. They claimed that the directors had breached a duty owed to them as shareholders to inform them of the upcoming demutualisation plan. Judgment Mummery LJ held that there was no breach of duty. General duties are always owed to the company, and specific duties owed to shareholders can only be generated through voluntary assumptions of responsibilities, in relationship to specific transactions. There was no such assumption of responsibility here. See also Clist director duties UK company law Notes refs 2 References External links Category United Kingdom company case law ... more details
the attached property. Applying the above principles to this case, debt money owed to someone is considered ... to follow the debtor i.e., wherever a debtor went, he brought along the debt he owed to his creditor . When Harris entered Maryland, he brought along the debt he owed to Balk Harris s debt to Balk ... more details
Wiktionary inclusive Inclusive may refer to Inclusion disambiguation inclusive disjunction , A or B or both inclusive fitness , in evolutionary theory, how many kin are supported including non descendants inclusive interval mathematics includes its endpoints clusivity , in linguistics, whether we includes you inclusive tax rate includes taxes owed as part of the base See also Exclusive disambiguation disambig id Inklusif ... more details
Stealware refers to a type of software that effectively transfers money owed to a website owner to a third party. Specifically, stealware uses an HTTP cookie to redirect the commission ordinarily earned by the site for referring users to another site. External links http www.spyware.co.uk stealware.shtml Definition Category Internet Protocol based network software Category Malware software type stub pl Stealware ... more details
The Royal London Circus is a famous travelling circus show based in Danga Bay, Johor in Malaysia . The Royal London Circus has performed in the country since 1990. The circus is now officially under receivership and owed much money to creditors. External links http royallondoncircus.i.ph The Royal London Circus News Room Official blog Malaysia stub DEFAULTSORT Royal London Circus, the Category Circuses Category Malaysian culture ... more details
wiktionary garnish Garnish may refer to Garnishment , withholding of one s wages by one s employer to pay one s debt owed to a third party Garnish, Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada Garnish fee , a fee paid by a new prisoner to other prisoners upon arrival at a jail Garnish food , a substance used primarily as an embellishment or decoration to a prepared food or drink item Cocktail garnish , decorative ornaments that add character or style to a mixed drink disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Fincorp was an Australia n property and investment company that collapsed in March 2007. The company promised investors a return of up to 9.25 p.a., but, upon collapse, owed 8100 investors over Australian dollar A 200 million. External links http web.archive.org web http www.fincorp.com.au Fincorp s homepages Category Defunct investment companies of Australia Australia company stub ... more details
A collection cost is incurred to collect debt that is owed. This could include expenditures for hiring a collection agency . Some contracts and regulations prescribe liquidated damages for collection costs. When collection costs occur, the debtor has pay off debt to get the collector out of collection cost. ref http www.taxes.state.mn.us taxes collection publications fact sheets CM2 009328.pdf ref References reflist Category Debt collection ... more details
Dicdef Back taxes is a term for taxes that were not paid when due. ref cite web accessdate 2009 03 26 url http www.investorwords.com 378 back taxes.html title back taxes publisher Investor Words ref They are typically taxes that are owed from a prior year. ref cite web accessdate 2009 03 26 url http www.new york new york real estate.com b1.html title Glossary B publisher New York Real Estate ref References reflist Category Taxation ... more details
Phantom debt or zombie debt is debt that is not legally owed, but that is somehow haunting the presumed debtor. It generally refers to debt that was never owed, was owed by a deceased parent, or that was previously owed by the presumed debtor, but was previously paid in full, settled, discharged via bankruptcy or a dismissed court case, is beyond the statute of limitations , or is otherwise not legally collectible, but that a collection agency or other similar service is aggressively attempting to collect, often fraudulently. ref name wbaltv1 cite web url http www.wbaltv.com news 20927816 detail.html title I Team Beware Of Predatory Debt Collectors publisher WBAL Baltimore date 2009 09 15 accessdate 2011 03 26 ref While the concept of phantom debt is quite old, it has gotten a lot of attention since the 1990s. ref cite news url http www.forbes.com 2008 10 31 debt creditors default pf education in af 1031investopedia inl.html title Beware Of Zombie Debt Collectors publisher Forbes.com date 2008 10 31 accessdate 2011 03 26 first Amy last Fontinelle ref Very often, collectors of phantom debt use intimidating, abusive, or otherwise illegal tactics in an attempt to collect phantom debt that include frequent phone calls, calls to the victim s place of employment, or threats of scary consequences against the victim that sometimes include arrest and or criminal prosecution. In the United States , such tactics violate the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act . ref name wbaltv1 Sometimes, the source of phantom debt is from collectors who buy the debt from other collectors for pennies on the dollar, then take action that is not always legal in order to collect it. Techniques used include suing or threatening to sue, reaging it on the victim s credit report , or promising to remove a negative credit mark in exchange for a partial payment. When the latter occurs, the agency will often not follow through, and will re sell the debt to another similar agency that will engage in the same ... more details
Rowland v. Christian , case citation 69 Cal. 2d 108 1968 , was a legal case case decided by the Supreme Court of California that eliminated the categories of invitee , licensee , and trespasser when determining the duty of care owed by a possessor of land to the people on the land, replacing the classifications with a general duty of care. Factual background The plaintiff was a guest in the apartment of the defendant. The plaintiff requested to use the bathroom, and in the bathroom injured his hand on a broken water faucet handle. The defendant had complained to the landlord about the broken handle but did not warn the plaintiff. The trial judge granted summary judgment on behalf of the defendant, and the plaintiff appealed. Decision Common law distinctions between an invitee, licensee, and trespasser can determine the duty of care owed by a land possessor to the plaintiff. A duty of care to warn about the dangerous condition of area is owed to invitees and licensees under these distinctions, but not to trespassers. The California Supreme Court considered these classifications to be an unhelpful shortcut when determining negligence, and that a general duty of care should be owed to all visitors to land. The summary judgment for the defendant was reversed because the defendant should have warned the plaintiff of the broken handle. ref Henderson et al. The Torts Process, Seventh Edition. Aspen Publishers, New York, NY 2007. p. 223 227 ref References reflist Category Tort law Category 1968 in United States case law Category California state case law ... more details
Orphan date February 2010 In law , a reciprocal obligation , also known as a reciprocal agreement is a duty owed by one individual to another and vice versa. It is a type of agreement that bears upon or binds two parties in an equal manner. ref http pinoy business.com content view 709 145 ref ref http www.answers.com topic reciprocal ref See also reciprocal contract reciprocal law civil conscription References Reflist External links http www.springerlink.com content n22xg62462574553 The principle of reciprocal obligations Category Contract law Law stub ... more details
Summary Information Description Traditional norwegian gable boat ms Tert , owed by Trond, Thea and Tore Berntsen. Source User Olav Bringedal Olav Bringedal User talk Olav Bringedal talk fullurl Special Listfiles user Olav Bringedal Uploads Date Author User Olav Bringedal Olav Bringedal User talk Olav Bringedal talk fullurl Special Listfiles user Olav Bringedal Uploads Permission other versions Licensing self cc by 3.0 Copy to Wikimedia Commons priority true ... more details
to collect consumer debts i.e., debts owed by individuals File lawsuits and using other legal collection techniques to collect commercial debts i.e. debts owed by businesses Represent creditor ... more details
High Court Enforcement Officers are authorised by the Lord Chancellor to execute High Court of Justice High Court writ s. They can seize and sell goods to cover the amount of a debt owed. ref name HMCS http www.hmcourts service.gov.uk courtfinder forms ex345.pdf ref They can also enforce and supervise the possession of property and the return of goods. ref name HMCS They replaced Sheriff s Officers in April 2004. Legislation relating the High Court Enforcement Officers includes the Sheriffs Act 1887 and the Courts Act 2003 . Unlike a County Court Bailiff , who is a civil servant, an HCEO is a private individual. In order to appoint and HCEO, a writ has to be obtained from the County Court, and be presented to the High Court. The debt must be over 600 and it cannot be one where judgement has been obtained for a debt owed under the Consumer Credit Act 1974 . References reflist External links http www.justice.gov.uk Ministry of Justice Website Court officers of the United Kingdom UK law stub Category Law enforcement occupations in the United Kingdom ... more details
Internal debt is the part of the total debt in a country that is owed to lenders within the country. Internal debt s complement is external debt . Concept Internal debt owed by a government money a government borrows from its citizens is part of the country s government debt national debt . It is a form of fiat creation of money , in which the government obtains cash not by printing it, but by borrowing it. The money created is in the form of treasury securities or securities borrowed from the central bank . These may be traded but will only rarely be spent on good accounting goods and Service economics services . In this way, the expected increase in inflation due to the increase in national wealth is lower than if the government had simply printed the money and increased the more liquid forms of wealth i.e., the money supply . See also External debt Debt DEFAULTSORT Internal Debt Category Debt Category Economic indicators Category Financial economics Category Macroeconomics Macroeconomics stub es Deuda interna fr Dette int rieure pt D vida interna ... more details
The Treaty of Sahag n was signed in Sahag n, Spain Sahag n in 1170 between Alfonso VIII of Castile and Alfonso II of Aragon . Based on the terms of the accord, Alfonso VIII agreed to give Afonso II three hostages in order to be used as tribute payments owed by Ibn Mardan of Valencia, Spain Valencia and Murcia . The hostages were to enter into the hand and potestas or power of Afonso I up until the terms of the agreement were met. Moreover, the hostages were not allowed to depart without permission. ref Kosto, p. 131. In the Treaty of Sahag n in 1170, Alfonso VIII of Castile offered Alfons I three hostages for tribute payments owed by Ibn Mardan Lobo of Val ncia and Murcia they were to enter into the hand and potestas of Alfons I until the terms of the agreement were met, and they were not to depart without permission. Alfonso II was also Alfons I of Barcelona. ref Notes reflist Sources Kosto, Adam J. Making Agreements in Medieval Catalonia Power, Order, and the Written Word, 1000 1200 . Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN 0521792398 Category 1170 in law Category 12th century treaties Category Treaties of the Crown of Aragon Sahagun Category Treaties of the Kingdom of Castile ca Pau Perp tua de Sahag n pt Tratado de Sahag n 1170 ... more details
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