Knowledgebased systems are artificial intelligent tools working in a narrow domain to provide intelligent decisions with justification. Knowledge is acquired and represented using various knowledge representation techniques rules, frames and scripts. The basic advantages offered by such system are documentation of knowledge, intelligent decision support, self learning, reasoning and explanation. Knowledgebased systems ref http foldoc.org foldoc.cgi?query Knowledgebased systems&action Search Knowledgebasedsystem definition from FOLDOC.org ref are systems based on the methods and techniques of Artificial Intelligence . Their core components are knowledge base acquisition mechanisms inference mechanisms Knowledge Base Systems KBS goes beyond the decision support philosophy to indicate the expert system technology into the decision making framework. Expert Systems ES have been the tools and techniques perfected by artificial intelligence AI researchers to deduce decision influences based on codification of knowledge. The codification of knowledge use the principles of knowledge representation part of the large theoretical ideas of knowledge engineering . Typically such codification uses rules like IF THEN rules to represent logical implications. While for some authors Who date May 2009 expert systems , case based reasoning systems and neural networks are all particular types of knowledgebased systems, there are others who consider that neural networks are different, and exclude it from this category. Citation needed date May 2009 KBS is a frequently used abbreviation for knowledgebasedsystem . References Reflist External links Akerkar RA and Sajja Priti Srinivas http www.jbpub.com Catalog 9780763776473 Overview Knowledgebased systems , Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA, USA 2009 Category Artificial intelligence de Wissensbasiertes System tr Bilgi tabanl sistem ... more details
process enabling the quick installation of the knowledgebased processor to the network system. Knowledgebased processors mainly process packet headers 20 of the packet approximately which enables ...Advert date May 2010 Knowledgebased processors KBPs are used for processing packets in computer network s. Knowledgebased processors are essential for the long term success of the IPv6 http www.ipv6.org network . The buildout of the IPv6 network is inevitable as it provides the means to an improved and secure networking system. It has been built from the ground up to address the issues of available addressing and security concerns. ref cite web title Technology & Structure are Evolving publisher Washington Technology url http www.washingtontechnology.com ad sup cp53 homeland cp53 homeland4.html accessdate 2007 09 07 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070928042517 http www.washingtontechnology.com ad sup cp53 homeland cp53 homeland4.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 09 28 ref Standards All networks are required to perform the following functions IPv4 IPv6 multilayer packet flow classification Policy based routing and Policy enforcement QoS Longest Prefix Match CIDR Differentiated ... functions must occur at high speeds in advanced networks. Knowledgebased processors contain ... packets that travel through a network at wireline speeds. Knowledgebased processors are a new addition ... time provide for lower power consumption. Knowledgebased processors currently target the 3rd layer of the 7 layer OSI model which is devoted to packet processing. Knowledgebased processors may eventually ...,and telnet applications occur, is likely the next layer that could make use of knowledgebased processors. Advantages The advantages that knowledgebased processors offer are the ability to execute ... , and streaming of video and audio. Knowledgebased processors use a variety of techniques to improve ... in a knowledgebased processor include classification tables, forwarding tables, and exact ... more details
Knowledgebased engineering KBE is a discipline with roots in computer aided design CAD and knowledgebased systems but has several definitions and roles depending upon the context. An early role was support ... prototypes was remarkable see Knowledgebased engineering History History eventually this led to KBE ... . An example of a CAD specific system that can store knowledge and use it for design is the CATIA program through its KnowledgeWare module. An example of a CAD independent, language based KBE system ... ref COE Newsnet 10 05 http legacy.coe.org newsnet Oct05 index.cfm 1 KnowledgeBased Engineering KBE ... methodology the EU project MOKA Methodology and tools Oriented to Knowledgebased Applications propose ... http ntnu kbe.org default.aspx Knowledgebased engineering at the Norwegian University of Science ...&lang en KnowledgeBased Engineering department at the http www.lr.tudelft.nl Faculty of Aerospace ... of Knowledgebased systems KS , is a multi disciplinary framework that has more than practical considerations ... of human machine interface. See also Knowledgebased systems Functional programming Multidisciplinary ... Alcyon Engineering Introduction to KnowledgeBased Engineering http www.gid.uji.es docs articles bermellP 02 01.pdf A KBE System for the Design of Wind Tunnel Models Using Reusable Knowledge ... Based Techniques SAE Paper Number 2008 01 2262 http eprints.rclis.org 12800 Knowledge ... Based Engineering Category Computer aided design Category Knowledge engineering Category Product lifecycle management Category Knowledge management it Knowledgebased engineering ... as engineering on the basis of electronic knowledge models . Such knowledge models are the result of knowledge modeling that uses knowledge representation techniques to create the computer interpretable models. The knowledge models can be imported in and or stored in specific engineering applications that enable engineers to specify requirements or create designs on the basis of the knowledge in such models ... more details
The knowledgebased theory of the firm considers knowledge as the most strategically significant factors of production resource of a wikt firm firm . Its proponents argue that because knowledgebased resources are usually difficult to imitate and socially complex, heterogeneous knowledge bases and capabilities ... the resource based view of the firm recognizes the important role of knowledge in firms that achieve a competitive advantage, proponents of the knowledgebased view argue that the resource based perspective does not go far enough. Specifically, the RBV treats knowledge as a generic resource, rather than having special characteristics. It therefore does not distinguish between different types of knowledgebased capabilities. Information technologies can play an important role in the knowledgebased view of the firm in that information systems can be used to synthesize, enhance, and expedite large scale intra and inter firm knowledge management Alavi and Leidner 2001 . Whether or not the Knowledgebased theory of the firm actually constitutes a theory has been the subject of considerable debate. See for example, Foss 1996 and Phelan & Lewin 2000 . According to one notable proponent of the KnowledgeBased View of the firm KBV , The emerging knowledgebased view of the firm is not a theory of the firm in any formal sense Grant, 2002, p. 135 . See also Resource based view Knowledge management Theory of the firm References Alavi, M., and Leidner, D.E. Review Knowledge Management ... a KnowledgeBased Theory of the Firm, Strategic Management Journal 17 , Winter Special Issue, 1996 ... The KnowledgeBased View of the Firm , In C. W. Choo & N. Bontis Eds. , The Strategic Management of Intellectual ... 179 228. Nickerson, J. and Zenger, T. A Knowledgebased Theory of Governance Choice The Problem Solving ... corporate performance. This knowledge is embedded and carried through multiple entities including ... Based View resource based view of the firm RBV initially promoted by Edith Penrose Penrose 1959 ... more details
Knowledgebased authentication , commonly referred to as KBA, is a method of authentication which seeks to prove the identity of someone accessing a service, such as a website. As the name suggests, KBA requires the knowledge of personal information of the individual to grant access to the protected material. There are two types of KBA static KBA , which is based on a pre agreed set of shared secrets and dynamic KBA , which is based on questions generated from a wider base of personal information. Static KBA Shared Secrets Static KBA, also referred to as shared secrets or shared secret questions , is commonly used by banks, financial services companies and e mail providers to prove the identity of the customer before allowing account access, or as a fall back if the user forgets their password. At the point of initial contact with a customer, a business using static KBA must collect the information to be shared between the provider and customer, most commonly the question s and corresponding answer s . This data must then be stored, only to be retrieved when the customer comes back to access the account. The weakness of static KBA was demonstrated in Sarah Palin email hack an incident in 2008 where unauthorised access was gained to the e mail account of former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin . The Yahoo account s password could be reset using shared secret questions, including where did you meet your spouse? , along with the date of birth and zip code of the former governor, to which answers were easily available online. Some identity verification providers have recently introduced ... KBA is a high level of verification that also uses knowledge questions to verify each individual identity, but requires no previous contact. This is because the questions are generated on the fly and based ... from the data records corresponding to the individual identity provided. Typically the knowledge needed ... of KBA is not based on an existing relationship with a consumer, it gives businesses a way to have ... more details
Knowledgebased configuration of complex products and services has a long history as an artificial intelligence ... the previous approaches building on the tradition of knowledgebased configuration ref name a23 . Workshops ... of KnowledgeBased Configuration. AI Commun. 10 2 111 125, 1997. ref ref name a18 T. Soininen, J ... ref name a1 , ref name a9 or power electric transformers ref name a3 . Starting with rule based approaches such as R1 XCON ref name a1 , model based representations of knowledge in contrast to rule based representations have been developed which strictly separate product domain knowledge from the problem solving one. There are two commonly sited conceptualizations of configuration knowledge ref .... This separation of product domain knowledge and problem solving knowledge increased the effectiveness ... name a5 , ref name a10 since changes in the product domain knowledge do not effect search strategies ... requirements with the knowledge base, solution presentation and translation of configuration results ... a16 . Configuration knowledge bases are often built using proprietary languages see, e.g., ref name a5 , ref name a12 , ref name a13 . In most cases knowledge bases are developed by knowledge engineers who elicit product, marketing and sales knowledge from domain experts. Configuration knowledge ... configuration environments taking into account a customer s knowledge and preferences ref name a13 ref name a7 . Recently, knowledgebased configuration has been extended to service and software configuration. Modeling software configuration has been based on two main approaches feature modeling ... on Intelligent Engineering Techniques for Knowledge Bases http ase.ist.tugraz.at ecai 2010 IJCAI ... and constraint based framework for configuration, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering, Design .... Zanker, A Framework for the development of personalized, distributed web based configuration systems ... name a9 D. McGuiness and J. Wright, An Industrial Strength Description Logics Based Configurator ... more details
, Kansas. Image Bcks logo med.gif left The battle command knowledgesystem BCKS is the change agent for implementing knowledge management KM capabilities into the training and military operations ... based on knowledge ref In October 2005 the NCO site migrated at the https www.bliss.army.mil usasma usasma.asp US Army Sergeants Major Academy into the Battle Command KnowledgeSystem. ref https www.bliss.army.mil ... in support of their combat mission. The Battle Command KnowledgeSystem BCKS has provided the resources ..., battle command knowledge systems BCKS was subsumed by http usacac.army.mil cac2 call Center for Lessons Learned CALL , http usacac.army.mil cac2 AOKM Army Operational Knowledge Management AOKM Proponent ... processes for transferring relevant knowledge from those who know to those who need to know. BCKS ... of Army knowledge to foster collaboration among Soldiers and Units to Sharing share expertise and experience facilitate leader development and Intuition knowledge intuitive decision making and support ... battle command facilitation facilitate exchange of knowledge foster leader development support ... of battle command knowledge management Improved situational understanding Improved common operational ... Improved decision making process Provide reach back capability Ensure knowledge is captured, stored and Sharing shared Sharing Share lessons learned and TTPs across enterprise Break knowledge stovepipes ... that provide a foundation for knowledge transfer . Army Soldiers and civilians connect to Sharing share Explicit knowledge explicit and tacit knowledge to solve problems, Sharing share best practice s and develop ... their knowledge and experience with their peers in order to improve their profession. CompanyCommand.com and Platoon Leader were formally adopted by the U. S. Army in 2002. The Battle Command KnowledgeSystem Professional Communities of practice Forums were formed in September 2004 to provide structure to this innovative knowledge sharing process. Later, the NCOTeam.org was also supported and adopted ... more details
Image ToK Simple.jpg thumb 379px http psychweb.cisat.jmu.edu ToKSystem Gregg Henriques Tree of KnowledgeSystem The Tree of Knowledge ToK System is a theoretical approach to the unification of psychology ... of KnowledgeSystem and the Theoretical Unification of Psychology. Review of General Psychology, 7, 150 ... . Volume 18, No. 6 ref The Official Website on the Tree of KnowledgeSystem claims that the ToK is ...a new ... 20of 20Psych.pdf The Tree of KnowledgeSystem and the Theoretical Unification of Psychology. Review ... 20Papers The 20ToK 20and 20Unification 20of 20Psych.pdf The Tree of KnowledgeSystem and the Theoretical ... In one way, the Tree of Knowledge ToK System reflects a fairly common hierarchy of nature and of the science ... and as a unique type of justification system that is based on the values of accuracy and objectivity ... knowledge Contrasting Wilson s Consilience with the Tree of KnowledgeSystem. Theory & Psychology ... of KnowledgeSystem and the Theoretical Unification of Psychology. Review of General Psychology ... 20of 20Psych.pdf The Tree of KnowledgeSystem and the Theoretical Unification of Psychology. Review ... 20and 20Unification 20of 20Psych.pdf The Tree of KnowledgeSystem and the Theoretical Unification ... As stated above, the ToK System proposes a new epistemology with the goal of moving academic knowledge ... Wilson s Consilience with the Tree of KnowledgeSystem. Theory & Psychology, 18, 731 755. http ... A commentary on Henriques Tree of KnowledgeSystem for integrating human knowledge. Theory & Psychology ... of KnowledgeSystem. Theory & Psychology, 18, 731 755. http tap.sagepub.com content 18 6 731.full.pdf ..., S.W. 2008 . Theoretical unification as a practical project Kant and the Tree of KnowledgeSystem ... Tree of Knowledge Website http psychology.wikia.com wiki Tree of KnowledgeSystem Expert article by Gregg Henriques Tree of KnowledgeSystem Expert article by Gregg Henriques at the Psychology Wiki enPW Tree of KnowledgeSystem Expert article by Gregg Henriques Category Systems theory Category ... more details
Simple Knowledge Organization System SKOS is a family of formal language s designed for representation ... Simple Knowledge Organization System SKOS ref to leverage the power of linked data. Community ... and linguistic representations of knowledge. ref is an open source web based vocabulary server ... reference SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference http www.w3.org 2004 02 skos W3C SKOS ... 2005 Conference http www.w3.org News 2009 item35 W3C Invites Implementations of SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference Primer Also Published http demo.semantic web.at 8080 SkosServices index SKOS Validator and Zthes Converter Semantic Web W3C standards Category Knowledge representation Category Semantic Web cs Simple Knowledge Organization System de Simple Knowledge Organisation System es Simple Knowledge Organization System fr Simple Knowledge Organization System it SKOS ... of knowledge organization systems including thesauri, classifications, subject headings, taxonomies ... of issues relating to knowledge organisation systems, information retrieval and the Semantic .... It is based on a concept centric view of the vocabulary, where primitive objects are not terms, but abstract ... A Hypermedia based Featherweight OWL Ontology Editor, developed by Mindswap Maryland Information ... poolparty.punkt.at PoolParty is a thesaurus management system and a SKOS editor for the Semantic Web. ref is a commercial quality thesaurus management system and a SKOS editor for the Semantic Web ... SKOS based applications. Model Futures SKOS Exporter ref http www.modelfutures.com software Model ... Lexaurus is an enterprise thesaurus management system and multi format editor. ref is an enterprise thesaurus management system and multi format editor. Its extensive API includes full revision management ... www.topquadrant.com solutions ent vocab net.html TopBraid EVN ref is a web based solution for simplified ... vocabularies, including OWL ontologies. See also Glossary Knowledge representation Metadata Metadata ... more details
Image ENC SYSTEME FIGURE.jpeg right 200px thumb The original figurative system of human knowledge tree, in French. The figurative system of human knowledge , sometimes known as the tree of Diderot and d Alembert , was a tree developed to represent the structure of knowledge itself, produced for the Encyclop die by Jean le Rond d Alembert and Denis Diderot . The tree was a taxonomy of human knowledge, inspired by Francis Bacon s The Advancement of Learning . The three main branches of knowledge in the tree are Memory History , Reason Philosophy , and Imagination Poetry . Notable is the fact that theology is ordered under Philosophy . The historian Robert Darnton has argued that this categorization of religion as being subject to human reason, and not a source of knowledge in and of itself revelation , was a significant factor in the controversy surrounding the work. ref Robert Darnton, Philosophers Trim the Tree of Knowledge The Epistemological Strategy of the Encyclopedie , The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History New York Basic Books, Inc., 1984 , 191 213. ref Additionally notice that Knowledge of God is only a few nodes away from Divination and Black Magic . The original version, in French language French , can be seen in the graphic on the right. An http www.hti.umich.edu d did tree.html image of the diagram with English translations superimposed over ... as a bulleted outline. The Tree of Diderot and d Alembert Detailed System of Human Knowledge from ..., ed., The structure of knowledge classifications of science and learning since the Renaissance ..., 2001 . Adams, David 2006 The Syst me figur des Connaissances humaines and the structure of Knowledge ... suppl ment , Paris, Panckoucke 1780. http commons.wikimedia.org wiki File System der kenntnisse des menschen.jpg DEFAULTSORT Figurative System Of Human Knowledge Category Taxonomy Category Age of Enlightenment Category Trees structure Category Knowledge representation fi Diderot n ja d Alembertin puu ... more details
Orphan date December 2007 Context date October 2009 Valuation basedsystem VBS is a framework for knowledge representation and inference. Real world problems are modeled in this framework by a network of interrelated entities, called variables. The relationships between variables possibly uncertain or imprecise are represented by the functions called valuations. The two basic operations for performing inference in a VBS are combination and marginalization. Combination corresponds to the aggregation of knowledge, while marginalization refers to the focusing coarsening of it. VBSs were introduced by Prakash P. Shenoy in 1989 as general frameworks for managing uncertainty in expert system s. Applications VBS are used for knowledge representation in expert systems and data fusion. Bibliography Shenoy, Prakash P. A valuation based language for expert systems. Int. Journal of Approximate Reasoning , vol. 3, no. 2, pages 383 411, 1989. Shenoy, Prakash P. Valuation based systems A framework for managing uncertainty in expert systems. In L. A. Zadeh and J. Kacprzyk, editors, Fuzzy Logic and the Management of Uncertainty , chapter 4, pages 83 104. Wiley, New York, 1992. Shenoy, Prakash P. and Shafer, G. Axioms for probability and belief function propagation. In J. Pearl G. Shafer, editor, Readings in uncertain reasoning , pages 575 610. San Mateo, CA Morgan Kaufmann, 1990. External links http www.idsia.ch alessio TAES VBS.pdf Application of VBS to a threat assessment problem Category Logic ... more details
In computer science , rule based systems are used as a way to store and manipulate knowledge to interpret information in a useful way. They are often used in artificial intelligence applications and research. Applications A classic example of a rule basedsystem is the domain specific expert system that uses rules to make deductions or choices. For example, an expert system might help a doctor choose the correct diagnosis based on a cluster of symptoms, or select tactical moves to play a game. Rule based systems can be used to perform lexical analysis to compile or interpret computer programs, or in natural language processing . Rule based programming attempts to derive execution instructions from a starting set of data and rules. This is a more indirect method than that employed by an imperative programming language , which lists execution steps sequentially. Construction A typical rule basedsystem has four basic components ref http www.j paine.org students lectures lect3 node5.html ref A list of rules or rule base , which is a specific type of knowledge base . An inference engine or semantic reasoner , which infers information or takes action based on the interaction of input and the rule base. The interpreter executes a production system program by performing the following match resolve act cycle Citation needed date June 2010 Match In this first phase, the left hand sides of all productions are matched against the contents of working memory. As a result a conflict set is obtained, which consists of instantiations of all ,satisfied productions. An instantiation of a production is an ordered list of working memory elements that satisfies the left hand side of the production. Conflict Resolution In this second phase, one of the production instantiations in the conflict ... es Sistema basado en reglas nl Regelgebaseerd systeem th Rule basedSystem ... algorithms and architectures for rule based systems. http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 17356.17360 ... more details
Orphan date June 2011 The Host Based Security System HBSS is the official name given to the United States ... GNO released Communications Tasking Order CTO 07 12 Deployment of Host Based Security System HBSS ... DOD with the completion date by the 3rd quarter of 2008. ref Host Based Security System HBSS ,http ... Intrusion Prevention System HIPS consists of a host based firewall, HIPS, and application level blocking ... to HBSS Administrators wishing to acquire a more in depth knowledge of the system. HBSS online and in class ... Network Defense Solutions Steering Group ESSG sponsored the acquisition of the HBSS System for use within ... given to installing it on the NIPRNet. HBSS is based on McAfee McAfee, Inc s ePolicy Orchestrator ... System HIPS . History Seeing the need to supply a comprehensive, department wide security suite of tools for DOD System Administrators, the ESSG started to gather requirements for the formation of a host based security system in the summer of 2005. In March 2006, BAE Systems and McAfee were awarded a contract to supply an automated host based security system to the department. After the award, 22 pilot sites were identified to receive the first deployments of HBSS. ref Host Based Security System , http www.disa.mil hbss index.html, 3 13 2010 ref During the pilot roll out, DOD System Administrators ... to easing the deployment task on the newly trained HBSS System Administrators and provided a consistent ... an HBSS baseline creation from a freshly installed operating system. The lessons learned ... HBSS Dates Summer 2005 ESSG gathered information on establishing an HBSS automated system March 2006 ... Orchestrator engine, HIPS, Software Compliance Profiler SCP , Rogue System Detection RSD , Asset Baseline ..., including the Microsoft operating systems. ref System Compliance Profiler ,http www.mcafee.com us enterprise products promos system security management epolicy orchestrator compliance profiler.html ... Intrusion Prevention System HIPS Policy Auditor PA Assets Baseline Module ABM Rogue System Detection ... more details
Issue Based Information System IBIS was invented by Werner Kunz and Horst Rittel as an argumentation based approach to tackling wicked problem s complex, ill defined problems that involve multiple stakeholder corporate stakeholders . ref Werner, Kunz and Rittel, Horst, Issues as Elements of Information Systems, Working paper No. 131, Studiengruppe f r Systemforschung, Heidelberg, Germany, July 1970 Reprinted May 1979 ref To quote from their original paper, Issue Based Information Systems IBIS are meant to support coordination and planning of political decision processes. IBIS guides the identification, structuring, and settling of issues raised by problem solving groups, and provides information pertinent to the discourse ... . Subsequently, the understanding of planning and design as a process ... rationale . ref Noble, Douglas and Rittel, Horst W.J. 1988, Issue Based Information Systems for Design ... of the treatment of issues, new issues come up which are treated likewise. Issue Based Information ... to attack the problem from this point of view. Another desirable characteristic of the Issue Based Information System is that it helps to make the design process transparent. Transparency here refers .... IBIS is used in issue mapping, ref Okada, A., Shum, S.J.B. and Sherborne, T. Eds. , Knowledge Cartography ... it is no surprise that Rittel and Kunz envisaged IBIS as the ...type of information system meant to support ... the paper was written, there were three manual, paper based IBIS type systems in use two in government ... based IBIS type systems. Jeff Conklin and co workers adapted the IBIS structure for use in software engineering, creating the gIBIS graphical IBIS hypertext system in the late 1980s. ref Conklin, J ... based rationale 15 years on from gIBIS and QOC, Rationale Management in Software Engineering ... 4 http eight2late.wordpress.com 2009 07 08 the what and whence of issue based information systems Eight to Late The what and whence of issue based information systems http eight2late.wordpress.com 2009 ... more details
nofootnotes date September 2008 In computing, the term object based file system refers to an architectural blueprint for List of file systems Distributed file systems distributed file systems . An object based file system splits file metadata such as the filename, its size and access times from file data and stores them on different File server servers . File metadata is stored on metadata servers, the file data is split into so called objects and stored on object storage servers. The file system client employs metadata and object storage servers to present a full file system Abstraction computer science abstraction to the User computing users . The object based file system architecture has several advantages The file system Client computing client accesses file content directly via object storage servers. Metadata servers are only contacted once when the file is opened, thereby eliminating the metadata bottleneck of block based distributed file systems. The size of these objects can usually be configured on per file basis. This allows the stripe width to be adapted to the access properties of an individual file when the objects of a file are Data striping striped across multiple object storage servers. File systems that follow an object based architecture include Lustre file system Lustre and EXOFS exofs . Sources cite journal last Mesnier first M. coauthors Ganger G., Riedel E title Object based storage journal IEEE Communications Magazine 2003 volume 8 pages 84 90 cite conference first M. last Factor coauthors Meth K. Naor D., Rodeh O., Satran J. title Object storage The future building block for storage systems booktitle Local to Global Data Interoperability Challenges and Technologies pages 119 123 publisher IEEE Computer Society date 2005 url http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpl freeabs all.jsp?arnumber 1612479 doi 10.1109 LGDI.2005.1612479 accessdate compu storage stub Category Computer file systems ... more details
The Performance Based Inspection System PBIS is a computer basedsystem used by USDA s meat and poultry inspection agency, the Food Safety and Inspection Service FSIS . The system organizes inspection requirements, schedules inspection activities, and maintains records of findings for meat and poultry processing operations under federal inspection. Controversy PBIS has been at issue because consumer advocates and some inspectors have contended that it is not flexible and second guesses inspectors more reliable experience and judgment. USDA views it as an objective tool for inspection that enhances rather than undermines inspectors roles. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
A language basedsystem is a type of operating system that uses programming language language features to provide security, instead of or in addition to hardware mechanisms. In such systems, code referred to as the trusted base is responsible for approving programs for execution computing execution , assuring they cannot perform operations detrimental to the system s stability without first being detected and dealt with. ref name Schneider http www.cs.cmu.edu rwh papers langsec dagstuhl.pdf A Language Based Approach to Security , Schneider F., Morrissett G. Cornell University and Harper R. Carnegie Mellon University . Informatics 10 Years Back, 10 Years Ahead. 2000 ref A very common strategy of guaranteeing such operations are impossible is to base the system around a High level programming language high level language , such as Java programming language Java , whose design precludes dangerous constructs many are entirely written in such a language, with only the minimum amount of low level programming language low level code being used. ref cite web title JX A flexible Java Operating System poster url http www4.informatik.uni erlangen.de Projects JX poster jx poster.jpg author Michael ... accessdate 2007 04 21 ref Since language based systems can assure ahead of time that cannot do things that can damage the system such as corrupting memory by dereferencing dangling pointer s , it is possible ... UCSD P system Burroughs MCP JX operating system JX Singularity operating system Singularity Oberon operating system Oberon Midori operating system Midori Inferno operating system Inferno JNode Emerald ... xpl freeabs all.jsp?arnumber 1159651&isnumber 25986 Language based information flow security ... doi.acm.org 10.1145 505586.505589 Termination in language based systems ACM Transactions on Information and System Security TISSEC Volume 5 , Issue 2 May 2002 pp. 138 168 refend operating system stub Category Operating system kernels ... more details
center The Space Based Infrared System SBIRS pronounced sib errs is a consolidated system intended ... 2000 Space Based Infrared System High House Report 106 130 year 7 May 1999 publisher U.S. Government ... printversion.cfm?documentID 4122 CDI Fact Sheet on Space Based Infrared System ref The original ... for SBIRS data. References http www.gao.gov cgi bin getrpt?GAO 01 6 Space Based Infrared System Low ... Based Infrared System fr Space Based Infrared System ko ja SBIRS ... warning, missile defense and battlespace characterization. SBIRS is an integrated system of systems ... orbit highly elliptical orbit HEO , and ground based data processing and control. SBIRS ground software ... project cost had increased to 10.4 billion. ref name GAO 07 1088R cite web title Space Based Infrared System High Program and its Alternative GAO 07 1088R year 12 September 2007 publisher Government ... decided to compete GEO 4 and 5, with an option to buy the GEO 3 contingent based on the performance ... Launch Alliance report ref Background Based on its experiences with the launching of short range ... Support Program is a strategic surveillance and early warning satellite system with an infrared capability .... DOD has previously attempted to replace the Defense Support Program with the Advanced Warning System in the early 1980s the Boost Surveillance and Tracking System in the late 1980s the Follow on Early Warning System in the early 1990s According to the Government Accountability Office GAO , these attempts ... as the major subcontractor. Lockheed Martin also provides the satellite for SBIRS GEO. The system ... on system components, including unresolved software malfunctions and several broken solder ... report ref SBIRS Low Space Tracking and Surveillance System File SBIRS Low.jpg thumb 300px center ... subsequently renamed to the Space Tracking and Surveillance System STSS . Original SBIRS Low The SBIRS ... portion of their flights. The system was to have two major sensors, coordinated by an on board computer ... more details
original research date May 2009 unreferenced date May 2009 An impulse based turn system is a game mechanic where a game turn is broken up into a series of discrete, repeating segments, or impulses . It can be considered a fairly complex mechanic, but has been used in three games that have enjoyed long term success, the wargames Star Fleet Battles and Car Wars , and the Hero System role playing game also known as Champions role playing game Champions or Fantasy Hero . It is most often seen in games that feature high paced combat where units can move much further in one turn than common effective weapons ranges. In Star Fleet Battles , a ship may move as far as 31 hexes in a single turn, and can usually move 20. Effective weapon s range is generally 4 8 hexes at best. game stub Category Game design Category Star Fleet Universe Category Board game gameplay and terminology ... more details
italictitle Infobox Journal title International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and KnowledgeBased Systems cover discipline Computer science abbreviation editor publisher World Scientific country Singapore history 1993 present frequency Bimonthly impact 1.000 impact year 2008 website http www.worldscinet.com ijufks ijufks.shtml ISSN 0218 4885 eISSN 1793 6411 The International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and KnowledgeBased Systems was founded in 1993 and is published bimonthly by World Scientific . It covers research on methodologies for the management of uncertainty. Topics include expositions on methods such as Bayesian and probabilistic method s, Non standard model nonstandard logic , as well as applications, such as in image processing , conflict resolution, and database s. The journal does not publish papers on pure fuzzy mathematics , such as fuzzy topology or fuzzy algebra. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Science Citation Index Expanded ISI Alerting Services CompuMath Citation Index Current Contents Engineering, Computing & Technology ACM Guide to Computing Literature Mathematical Reviews Inspec Zentralblatt MATH Compendex Category Computer science journals Category Publications established in 1993 Category World Scientific academic journals Category English language journals Category Bimonthly journals ... more details
The points based immigration system is the means of regulating immigration to the United Kingdom from ...?view Binary title Highly skilled migrants under the points basedsystem Statement of intent ... under the points basedsystem Tier 2 Statement of intent . UK Border Agency. ref There are several ... basedsystem for the following Qualifications this ranges from GCSE A Level equivalents to PHD s Future ... basedsystem. To qualify, visa applicants must have already been offered a position at an educational ... workers and youth mobility under the points basedsystem Tier 5 Statement of intent . UK Border Agency ... The points basedsystem How it works publisher UK Border Agency accessdate 2008 03 16 Dead link date ... it has never been required since the points basedsystem was implemented in 2008. Sponsors In order to be eligible to apply under certain categories of the Points BasedSystem, the applicant must have ... and Skills . Under the points basedsystem, if you are an employer or education provider ... Based Immigration System United Kingdom Category Immigration to the United Kingdom ... schemes, including Scotland s Fresh Talent Initiative . The system is administered by the UK Border ... of the points system as soon as they are able to do so . ref name hsm soi cite web url http www.bia.homeoffice.gov.uk ... workers . UK Border Agency. ref covers skilled workers with a job offer from a UK based employer ... permit employment, ministers of religion airport based operational ground staff, overseas qualified ... to a UK branch of the organisation to acquire the skills and knowledge that they will need overseas, or to impart their specialist skills or knowledge to the UK workforce. However, before you can ... licence. Public reception One of the justifications for the move to a new immigration system ... to restore trust in immigration system author Patrick Wintour publisher The Guardian date 2007 12 06 accessdate 2008 03 16 location London ref During its introduction, The system was criticised by the then opposition ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A protocol based intrusion detection system PIDS is an intrusion detection system which is typically installed on a web server , and is used in the monitoring and analysis of the Communications protocol protocol in use by the computing system. A PIDS will monitor the dynamic behavior and state of the protocol and will typically consist of a system or agent that would typically sit at the front end of a server, monitoring and analyzing the communication between a connected device and the system it is protecting. A typical use for a PIDS would be at the front end of a web server monitoring the HTTP or HTTPS stream. Because it understands the HTTP relative to the web server system it is trying to protect it can offer greater protection than less in depth techniques such as filtering by IP address or port number alone, however this greater protection comes at the cost of increased computing on the web server. Where HTTPS is in use then this system would need to reside in the shim or interface between where HTTPS is Cryptography un encrypted and immediately prior to it entering the Web presentation layer . Monitoring dynamic behavior At a basic level a PIDS would look for, and enforce, the correct use of the protocol. At a more advanced level the PIDS can learn or be taught acceptable constructs of the protocol, and thus better detect anomalous behavior. See also Intrusion detection system IDS Network intrusion detection system NIDS Host based intrusion detection system HIDS Application protocol based intrusion detection system APIDS Tripwire software a pioneering HIDS Trusted Computing Group Trusted platform module DEFAULTSORT Protocol Based Intrusion Detection System Category Intrusion detection systems es PIDS ko it Protocol intrusion detection system ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 IBM Web basedSystem Manager WSM is a management software GUI for administering AIX operating system AIX 5L host on RS 6000 systems, it can be run in standalone mode or in a client server environment. Image IBM WSM on AIX53.jpg thumb 250 px WSM running on a Windows System used to manage an AIX cluster Introduced in AIX operating system AIX 4.3 and installed by default in AIX 5.1 if there is a graphical adapter in the machine at time of installation. See also IBM AIX SMIT IBM Systems Director Console for AIX IBM Hardware Management Console DEFAULTSORT Web BasedSystem Manager Category Unix configuration utilities Web software stub ... more details
An Anomaly Based intrusion detection system Intrusion Detection System , is a system for detecting computer intrusions and misuse by monitoring system activity and classifying it as either normal or anomalous . The classification is based on heuristics or rules, rather than patterns or signature s, and will detect any type of misuse that falls out of normal system operation. This is as opposed to signature based systems which can only detect attacks for which a signature has previously been created. ref name Wang2004 In order to determine what is attack traffic, the system must be taught to recognize normal system activity. This can be accomplished in several ways, most often with artificial intelligence type techniques. Systems using neural networks have been used to great effect. Another method is to define what normal usage of the system comprises using a strict mathematical model, and flag any deviation from this as an attack. This is known as strict anomaly detection. ref name Sasha2000 Anomaly based Intrusion Detection does have some short comings, namely a high false positive rate and the ability to be fooled by a correctly delivered attack. ref name Sasha2000 Attempts have been made to address these issues through techniques used by PAYL ref name Wang2004 and MCPAD. ref name Perdisci2008 See also Change detection Cfengine cfenvd can be utilized to do anomaly detection RRDtool can be configured to flag anomalies References Reflist refs ref name Wang2004 cite web last Wang first Ke title Anomalous Payload Based Network Intrusion Detection doi 10.1007 978 3 540 30143 1 ... Classi er System for Accurate Payload based Anomaly Detection journal Computer Networks, Special ...&attredirects 0 ref DEFAULTSORT Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection System Category Computer security Category Computer network security compu network stub be be x old it Anomaly based intrusion detection system ru ... more details
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