Infobox disease Name HepatitisC Image HCV EM picture 2.png Caption Electron micrograph of hepatitis ... med eMedicineTopic 993 eMedicine mult EMedicine2 ped 979 MeshID D006526 HepatitisC is an infectious disease primarily affecting the liver , caused by the hepatitisC virus HCV . ref name ... varices . ref name Sherris The hepatitisC virus is spread by primarily by blood to blood contact ... C. No vaccine against hepatitisC is currently available. The existence of hepatitisC originally .... TOC limit 3 Signs and symptoms Acute infection HepatitisC infection causes acute symptoms in 15 ... hepatitisC. journal Lancet date 2008 Jul 26 volume 372 issue 9635 pages 321 32 pmid 18657711 ref For those ... are not associated with jaundice . ref name Book2011p4 cite book title Chronic HepatitisC Virus ... ref name Book2011 although chronic hepatitisC can be associated with fatigue. ref name ID2010 Hepatitis ... cite journal last Rosen first HR title Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitisC infection. journal ... Jul 28 volume 15 issue 28 pages 3462 71 pmid 19630099 ref HepatitisC is the cause of 27 of cirrhosis ... MJ title Epidemiology of hepatitisC virus infection. journal World journal of gastroenterology WJG ... hepatitisC prevention and treatment. journal Expert review of anti infective therapy date 2009 Apr volume 7 issue 3 pages 351 61 pmid 19344247 ref Extrahepatic HepatitisC is also rarely associated ..., Ferri C, Pileri SA, Caini P, Bianchi FB title Extrahepatic manifestations of HepatitisC Virus infection ... among patients with chronic hepatitisC a systematic review. journal Journal of viral hepatitis ... been reported. ref name ID2010 Virology The hepatitisC virus is a small, enveloped, single stranded ... Chapter 154 edition 7th ed. ref There are seven major genotypes of the hepatitisC virus, which are indicated ... GM, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M title An updated analysis of hepatitisC virus genotypes and subtypes ... the most common in South America and Europe. ref name NEJM2011 Transmission File HepatitisC infection ... more details
A hepatitisC vaccine refers to a vaccine used against hepatitisC . Although vaccines exist for hepatitis A and hepatitis B , development of a hepatitisC vaccine has presented challenges. ref name pmid10359539 cite journal author Randal J title HepatitisC vaccine hampered by viral complexity, many technical restraints journal J. Natl. Cancer Inst. volume 91 issue 11 pages 906 8 year 1999 month June pmid 10359539 doi 10.1093 jnci 91.11.906 url http jnci.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10359539 ref No vaccine is currently available, but several vaccines are currently under development. ref name pmid18501853 cite journal author Strickland GT, El Kamary SS, Klenerman P, Nicosia A title HepatitisC vaccine supply and demand journal Lancet Infect Dis volume 8 issue 6 pages 379 86 year 2008 month June pmid 18501853 doi 10.1016 S1473 3099 08 70126 9 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1473 3099 08 70126 9 ref Some efforts have entered Phase I II human clinical trials. ref Cite journal last1 Halliday first1 J. last2 Klenerman first2 P. last3 Barnes first3 E. title Vaccination for hepatitisC virus closing in on an evasive target. journal Expert Rev Vaccines volume 10 issue 5 pages 659 72 month May year 2011 doi 10.1586 erv.11.55 PMID 21604986 ref One effort has involved use of the hepatitis B core antigen . ref name pmid17203519 cite journal author Chen JY, Li F title Development of hepatitisC virus vaccine using hepatitis B core antigen as immuno carrier journal World J. Gastroenterol. volume 12 issue 48 pages 7774 8 year 2006 month December pmid 17203519 doi url http www.wjgnet.com 1007 9327 12 7774.asp ref References reflist Category Vaccines Vaccines ... more details
Multiple issues wikify October 2010 orphan October 2010 citations date May 2011 The HepatitisC Trust is a registered charity in England and Scotland that campaigns on various issues related to hepatitisC . In particular, the charity aims to increase awareness and testing to provide services on a national and local level to people with, affected by, or at risk of contracting hepatitisC and to campaign for greater public understanding of the impact of hepatitisC. ref http www.hepctrust.org.uk The Trust About us About us.htm ref It is the only national hepatitisC specific charity in the UK and has offices in London and Edinburgh. Formed in 2001 by Charles Gore, The Trust was the first charity in the UK to be set up in response to hepatitisC. He had contracted the virus himself and was moved to act as a result of the general lack of information and apathy he encountered during his own eventual diagnosis and treatment. ref http www.hepctrust.org.uk Get Involved Personal Stories Charles story.htm ref Gore is also the founder of the World Hepatitis Alliance, organiser of World Hepatitis Day on 28 July each year. The Trust is generally considered the UK s leading hepatitisC charity, and the largest ... or voluntary either have hepatitisC or have had it and cleared it after treatment. Charles Gore s statement, once the problem of hepatitisC is solved, we ll pack up, go home and get on with our lives ... HepatitisC Trust http www.gettested.org.uk Get Tested http www.worldhepatitisalliance.com World Hepatitis Alliance DEFAULTSORT HepatitisC Trust Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Charities based in the United Kingdom Category Hepatitis ... Roddick Dame Anita Roddick was a patron and supporter of the Trust. Dame Anita had contracted hepatitisC through contaminated blood after the birth of her daughter more than 30 years before she was diagnosed ... Hepatitis Day in the UK. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ... more details
about the viral particle the disease HepatitisC Taxobox name HepatitisC virus image HCV EM picture 2.png image width 250px image caption Electron micrograph of hepatitisC virus purified from cell culture ... type species HepatitisC virus HepatitisC virus HCV is a small 55 65 Nanometre nm in size , viral ... of the family Flaviviridae . HepatitisC virus is the cause of hepatitisC in humans. Structure Image HCV structure.png left thumb Simplified diagram of the structure of the HepatitisC virus particle The hepatitisC virus particle consists of a core of genetic material RNA , surrounded by an Truncated ... of HepatitisC virus HepatitisC virus has a positive sense single stranded RNA genome . The genome ... cite journal author Kato N title Genome of human hepatitisC virus HCV gene organization, sequence ... R title HepatitisC IRES translating translation into a therapeutic target journal Curr. Opin. Mol ... of the hepatitisC virus HCV IRES contains a four way helical junction that is integrated within ... viral particles. ref name pmid17552023 cite journal author Dubuisson J title HepatitisC ... ref Structural proteins made by the hepatitisC virus include Core protein, E1 HCV E1 and E2 HCV ... R, Lohmann V title Replication of hepatitisC virus journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 81 issue ... C title Unravelling hepatitisC virus replication from genome to function journal Nature volume ... HCV isolates, the hepatitisC virus species is classified into seven genotypes 1 7 with several subtypes ... first Tatsunori title An updated analysis of hepatitisC virus genotypes and subtypes based on the complete ... for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitisC virus genotypes journal Hepatology volume ... J, Rakela J. title Exposure of hepatitisC virus HCV RNA positive recipients to HCV RNA positive blood ... perhaps 1 3 of all cases. ref name Anonymous1997 Anonymous 1997 HepatitisC. Wkly Epidemiol Rec ... F, Lesmana LA, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M 1997 HepatitisC virus variants from Jakarta, Indonesia classifiable ... more details
File Liver.png thumb right upright The human liver , the site of hepatitisC infection alt Pencil drawing ... hepatitisC is caused by the hepatitisC virus HCV , which affects the liver and is transmitted ... million people worldwide are infected by hepatitisC. ref cite web last Mukherjee first Sandeep title HepatitisC work eMedicine date 2008 06 30 url http www.emedicine.com MED topic993.htm accessdate ... about hepatitisC and to encourage more people to get tested for the disease. ref name hepsquads ... series Baywatch . Anderson claimed that she contracted hepatitisC after sharing a tattoo needle with her ...&ndash Stage name of actress Anne Marie Ballowe, who was infected by hepatitisC and HIV during the making ... 1990s. He was diagnosed with hepatitisC in 2000. ref cite book last Lawford first Christopher Kennedy coauthor Diana Sylvestre title Healing HepatitisC A Patient and a Doctor on the Epidemic s Front ... film Deep Throat film Deep Throat . She contracted hepatitisC from a blood transfusion after a car ... failure, liver failure, cirrhosis and hepatitisC. ref cite news title Rockets Redglare, 52, Film Actor ... complicated by hepatitisC. ref cite news title Lucy Saroyan work Variety date 2003 06 13 url http ... title HepatitisC Breakthrough Scientists Discover Drug That Cures More Patients in Less Time work Daily Mail date 2006 05 25 url http www.dailymail.co.uk health article 1380499 HepatitisC breakthrough ... of Benihana . His hepatitisC was caused by a blood transfusion after his near fatal boat accident ... Allman Being Treated for HepatitisC work NBC News publisher Associated Press date 2008 03 28 url ... swing band Asleep at the Wheel . Benson chose to treat his hepatitisC with Traditional Chinese medicine ... Share Their Battle with HepatitisC work American Statesman date 2005 03 10 url http www.austin360.com ... title Natalie Cole Says She Has HepatitisC publisher Associated Press work MSNBC date 2008 07 16 url ... with hepatitisC in February 2009 and was found to have pancreatic cancer during the course of his ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisC virus stem loop VII image RF00468.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV SLVII Symbol HCV SLVII AltSymbols Rfam RF00468 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData HepatitisC virus stem loop VII is a Cis regulatory element regulatory element found in the coding region of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene, NS5B. Similarly to HepatitisC stem loop IV stem loop IV , the stem loop structure is important but not essential for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown. ref cite journal last Lee first H coauthors Shin H, Wimmer E, Paul AV year 2004 title Cis acting RNA signals in the NS5B C terminal coding sequence of the hepatitisC virus genome journal J Virol volume 78 pages 10865&ndash 10877 pmid 15452207 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.20.10865 10877.2004 issue 20 pmc 521798 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisC virus HCV cis acting replication element CRE HepatitisC virus 3 X element References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00468 name HepatitisC virus stem loop VII DEFAULTSORT HepatitisC Virus Stem Loop Vii Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisC stem loop IV image RF00469.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV SLIV Symbol HCV SLIV AltSymbols Rfam RF00469 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The HepatitisC stem loop IV is part of a putative cis regulatory element RNA element found in the NS5B coding region. This element along with HepatitisC virus stem loop VII stem loop VII , is important but not essential for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown. ref cite journal last Lee first H coauthors Shin H, Wimmer E, Paul AV year 2004 title cis acting RNA signals in the NS5B C terminal coding sequence of the hepatitisC virus genome journal J Virol volume 78 pages 10865&ndash 10877 pmid 15452207 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.20.10865 10877.2004 issue 20 pmc 521798 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisC virus HCV cis acting replication element CRE HepatitisC virus 3 X element Hepatitis E virus cis reactive element References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00469 name HepatitisC stem loop IV Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisC virus 3 X element image RF00481.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV X3 Symbol HCV X3 AltSymbols Rfam RF00481 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The HepatitisC virus 3 X element is an cis regulatory element RNA element which contains three stem loop structures that are essential for replication. ref cite journal last Lee first H coauthors Shin H, Wimmer E, Paul AV year 2004 title cis Acting RNA Signals in the NS5B C Terminal Coding Sequence of the HepatitisC Virus Genome journal J Virol volume 78 pages 10865&ndash 10877 pmid 15452207 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.20.10865 10877.2004 issue 20 pmc 521798 ref ref cite journal last Yi first M coauthors Lemon SM year 2003 title 3 Nontranslated RNA Signals Required for Replication of HepatitisC Virus RNA journal J Virol volume 77 pages 3557&ndash 3568 pmid 12610131 doi 10.1128 JVI.77.6.3557 3568.2003 issue 6 pmc 149512 ref ref cite journal last Yi first M coauthors Lemon SM year 2003 title Structure function analysis of the 3 stem loop of hepatitisC virus genomic RNA and its role in viral RNA replication journal RNA volume 9 pages 331&ndash 345 pmid 12592007 doi 10.1261 rna.2144203 issue 3 pmc 1370400 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisC virus HCV cis acting replication element CRE HepatitisC stem loop IV HepatitisC virus stem loop VII References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00481 name HepatitisC virus 3 X element molecular cell biology stub Category Cis regulatory RNA elements ... more details
In HIV HCV co infected patients, the HepatitisC HCV viral load is higher than in HCV mono infected patients ... protein 10 kDa predicts the first phase decline in hepatitisC virus RNA and overall viral response to therapy in chronic hepatitisC journal Hepatology volume 51 issue 5 pages 1523 30 year 2010 ... first6 A last7 Morand first7 P last8 Goujard first8 C last9 Pialoux first9 G title Pegylated interferon alfa 2b vs standard interferon alfa 2b, plus ribavirin, for chronic hepatitisC in HIV infected ... Alfa 2a plus ribavirin versus interferon alfa 2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitisC in HIV ... first9 C title Peginterferon Alfa 2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitisC virus infection in HIV ... HIV outpatient clinic in Sweden feasibility and results of hepatitisC treatment journal Scandinavian ... infected with chronic hepatitisC virus infection and HIV journal Scandinavian Journal of Infectious ... hepatitisC virus infection journal The Journal of Infectious Diseases volume 194 issue 7 pages ... last1 Anderson first1 KB last2 Guest first2 JL last3 Rimland first3 D title HepatitisC virus ... N title Treatment of chronic hepatitisC in human immunodeficiency virus hepatitisC virus coinfected ... first2 GM title Peginterferon alpha 2a 40kD plus ribavirin a review of its use in hepatitisC ... Study Group title Epoetin alfa once weekly improves anemia in HIV hepatitisC virus coinfected patients ... Base Chapter, March 2006. http www.hepatitis.va.gov National HepatitisC Program U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Category Hepatitis Category HIV AIDS ... last5 Dustin first5 LB last6 Pawlotsky first6 JM last7 Neumann first7 AU last8 Ferrari first8 C last9 ... 01.qai.0000167158.90722.73 cite journal last1 Sulkowski first1 MS last2 Thomas first2 DL title HepatitisC in the HIV Infected Person journal Annals of Internal Medicine volume 138 issue 3 pages 197 ... External links http hivinsite.ucsf.edu InSite?page kb 00&doc kb 05 03 04 Coinfection with Hepatitis ... more details
CHepatitis D Hepatitis E Hepatitis F Hepatitis G Maurice Hilleman References See http en.wikipedia.org ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis A ICD10 ICD10 B 15 b 15 ICD9 ICD9 070.0 , ICD9 070.1 DiseasesDB 5757 MedlinePlus ... Hepatitis A formerly known as infectious hepatitis and epidemical virus is an Acute medical acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus Hep A , ref name Sherris cite book ... BP title Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination journal Epidemiol Rev volume 28 pages 101 11 year ... cite journal author Connor BA title Hepatitis A vaccine in the last minute traveler journal ... Changing travel related global epidemiology of hepatitis A journal Am. J. Med. volume 118 issue Suppl ... Jacobsen KH, Koopman JS title The effects of socioeconomic development on worldwide hepatitis A virus ... 15831565 ref Hepatitis A infection causes no clinical signs and symptoms in over 90 of infected children ... a relapse of symptoms during the 6 months after acute illness. Acute liver failure from Hepatitis ... to age, with 80 of adults having symptoms compatible with acute viral hepatitis and the majority ... doi 10.1016 S0264 410X 99 00470 3 author Ciocca M. title Clinical course and consequences of hepatitis ... can be prevented by vaccination , and hepatitis A vaccine has been proven effective in controlling outbreaks worldwide. ref name pmid16271543 Signs and symptoms Early symptoms of hepatitis A infection ... cite web title Hepatitis A Symptoms publisher eMedicineHealth url http www.emedicinehealth.com hepatitis a page3 em.htm Hepatitis 20A 20Symptoms date 2007 05 17 accessdate 2007 05 18 ref Symptoms ... title Hepatitis A Information for the Public publisher Center for Disease Control url http www.cdc.gov hepatitis A aFAQ.htm date 2009 09 17 accessdate 2011 01 08 ref Fatigue medical Fatigue Fever Abdominal ... Taxobox name Hepatitis A image Hepatitis A virus 02.jpg image caption electron microscope Electron micrograph of hepatitis A virions. image width 185px virus group iv familia Picornaviridae genus ... more details
be enlargement of the liver. ref name MerckHome MerckHome 10 137 c Chronic hepatitis ref Extensive ... result with rapid progression to cirrhosis. The histology is similar to that found in hepatitisC virus ... Hepatol. 34 4 243 247 ref HepatitisC , Kyasanur Forest disease Kyasanur Forest disease virus , ref ... 67 83 ref Unassigned family Hepatitis D Bacterial Anaplasma ref name Heyman2010 Heyman P, Cochez C ... ref name bain Viral hepatitisHepatitis B with or without hepatitis D , hepatitisC neither ... than others found to have hepatitisC. Citation needed date April 2008 The combination of hepatitis ... only to hepatitisC in numbers of patients going on to cirrhosis . Citation needed date April 2008 ... s10620 006 9698 8 ref , hepatitisC, ref name pmid16949926 cite journal author Moreno A, Moreno ... virus infected patients with chronic hepatitisC 2 cases and review of the literature journal Human ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis Image Alcoholic hepatitis.jpg Caption Alcoholic liver disease Alcoholic hepatitis evident by fatty change, cell necrosis , Mallory bodies ICD10 ICD10 K 75 9 k 70 ICD9 ICD9 573.3 DiseasesDB 20061 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006505 Hepatitis plural hepatitides ... liver , and suffix itis , meaning inflammation c. 1727 . ref http www.etymonline.com index.php?search ... on its own or can progress to fibrosis scarring and cirrhosis . Hepatitis may occur with limited ... . Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer. A group of viruses known as the hepatitis viruses cause most cases of hepatitis worldwide, but it can also ... , diarrhea , and headache . More specific symptom s, which can be present in acute hepatitis from ... I title Acute hepatitis journal BMJ volume 322 issue 7279 pages 151 153 year 2001 pmid 11159575 doi 10.1136 bmj.322.7279.151 pmc 1119417 ref Acute viral hepatitis is more likely to be asymptomatic ... days, with the total illness lasting 2 to 6 weeks. ref name bain V.G. Bain and M. Ma, Acute Viral Hepatitis ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop image RF00620.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV ARF SL Symbol HCV ARF SL AltSymbols Rfam RF00620 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop is a conserved secondary structure motif identified in the RNA genome of the HepatitisC virus HCV which is proposed to have an important role in regulating translation and repression of the viral genome. The core protein coding region of the HepatitisC virus HCV genome contains a 1 alternative reading frame ARF and two proposed phylogenetically conserved RNA helix forming stem loop structures HepatitisC stem loop IV IV and HepatitisC virus stem loop VII VII . ref name McM07 cite journal author McMullan LK, Grakoui A, Evans MJ, Mihalik K, Puig M, Branch AD,Feinstone SM, Rice CM title Evidence for a functional RNA element in the hepatitisC virus coregene. journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA volume 104 issue 8 pages 2879 2884 year 2007 pmid 17299041 doi 10.1073 pnas.0611267104 pmc 1815275 ref The proteins translated from the ARF appear to be translated during the normal viral life cycle but are not essential to virus replication. ref name McM07 The two predicted stem loops shown here SLV and SLVI are proposed to be important for HCV translation and repression these stem loops are located downstream of the Internal ribosome entry site IRES but their functional role is unknown. ref name McM07 See also Hepatitis E virus cis reactive element References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00620 name HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop molecular cell biology stub Category Cis regulatory RNA elements ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisC virus internal ribosome entry site image RF00061.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of IRES HCV Symbol IRES HCV AltSymbols HCV IRES Rfam RF00061 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Internal ribosome entry site IRES Tax domain Virus es GO GO 0043022 SO SO 0000243 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData Protein translation of most eukaryotic messenger RNA mRNA s requires association of Met tRNA , several eukaryotic initiation factors , and Guanosine triphosphate GTP with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The ribosome can only bind the capped mRNA after binding to the initiator tRNA. Translation of hepatitisC virus HCV mRNA is initiated by a different mechanism from the usual 5 cap binding model. ref cite journal last Lytle first JR coauthors Wu L, Robertson HD year 2002 title Domains on the hepatitisC virus internal ribosome entry site for 40s subunit binding journal RNA volume 8 pages 1045&ndash 1055 pmid 12212848 doi 10.1017 S1355838202029965 issue 8 pmc 1370315 ref This alternate mechanism relies on the direct binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit by the internal ribosome entry site IRES in the 5 UTR of HCV RNA. HCV IRES adopts a complex structure, and may differ significantly from Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site IRES IRES elements identified in picornavirus es. A small number of eukaryotic mRNA have been shown to be translated by internal ribosome entry. ref cite journal last Beales first LP coauthors Rowlands DJ, Holzenburg A year 2001 title The internal ribosome entry site IRES of hepatitisC virus visualized by electron microscopy ... reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00061 name HepatitisC virus internal ribosome entry site ... 5 pmc 1370118 ref ref cite journal last Gallego first J coauthors Varani G year 2002 title The hepatitisC virus internal ribosome entry site a new target for antiviral research journal Biochem Soc Trans ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisC virus HCV cis acting replication element CRE image RF00260.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HepC CRE Symbol HepC CRE AltSymbols Rfam RF00260 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The HepatitisC virus HCV cis acting replication element CRE is an cis regulatory element RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Mutations in this family have been found to cause a blockage in RNA replication and it is thought that both the primary sequence and the structure of this element are crucial for HCV RNA replication. ref cite journal last You first S coauthors Stump DD, Branch AD, Rice CM year 2004 title A cis acting replication element in the sequence encoding the NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase is required for hepatitisC virus RNA replication journal J Virol volume 78 pages 1352&ndash 1366 pmid 14722290 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.3.1352 1366.2004 issue 3 pmc 321395 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisC virus 3 X element HepatitisC virus stem loop VII HepatitisC stem loop IV References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00260 name HepatitisC virus HCV cis acting replication element CRE Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
. ref http www.wrongdiagnosis.com h hepatitis x intro.htm ref Treatment There has been no specific drug therapy developed for hepatitis, with the exception of hepatitisC. Patients are advised to rest ...Orphan date February 2009 refimprove date April 2008 Hepatitis X , also known as the Lost Hepatitis is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by hepatitis virus, which is most commonly transmitted by the fecal oral route via contaminated food or drinking water. In the United States, approximately 10 people per year are infected with the virus, primarily in the Mid Atlantic region. The time between infection and the appearance of the symptoms, the incubation period , is roughly one week. Often the virus will show itself, but later the patient will lose all symptoms. Roughly one week later the virus will show itself again stronger and more dangerously. ref http www.reference.com ref Some cases of viral hepatitis cannot be ascribed to hepatitis A , hepatitis B B , hepatitisCC , hepatitis D D , or hepatitis E E , so they are called non A...E hepatitis, or hepatitis X. During the diagnostic process for hepatitis X, the possible alternative diagnoses should be considered hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, and CMV Cytomegalovirus . Early symptoms of hepatitis X infection can be mistaken ... of the abdomen Weight loss Diagnosis and results Hepatitis X often goes undiagnosed by doctors due to the difficulty ... http www.reference.com ref Complications The distinction between complications of hepatitis X and symptoms of hepatitis X is often obscure. While jaundice yellow discoloration of the skin or whites of the eyes due to an increase of bile pigments in the blood , is a symptom of hepatitis, it is also ..., and CSF xanthochromia. Liver disease is another fatal complication of hepatitis X. This could potentially ... if signs of precoma lethargy, confusion, and mental changes develop. In acute viral hepatitis ... h hepatitis x intro.htm ref References reflist Category Hepatitis ... more details
or chronic forms. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A , Hepatitis B , HepatitisC , Hepatitis D , and Hepatitis E . In addition to the hepatitis viruses, other viruses that can also cause hepatitis include Herpes simplex , Cytomegalovirus , Epstein Barr virus , or Yellow fever . A virus previously called Hepatitis G virus is now classified as GB virus C because it does not appear to cause hepatitis. Hepatitis viruses Hepatitis caused ... hepatitis , these viruses are not all related. class wikitable Hepatitis viruses Hepatitis A virus HAV Hepatitis B virus HBV HepatitisC virus HCV Hepatitis D HDV Hepatitis E virus HEV Transmission ... . About 65 of persons on treatment achieve a sustained response. HepatitisC main HepatitisCHepatitisC originally non A non B hepatitis is caused by hepatitisC virus HCV , an RNA virus ... C usually leads to chronic hepatitis, culminating in cirrhosis in some people. It usually remains asymptomatic for decades. Patients with hepatitisC are susceptible to severe hepatitis if they contract either hepatitis A or B, so all persons with hepatitisC should be immunized against hepatitis ... 1 being the most resistant. HepatitisC is the most common chronic blood borne infection in the United States. ref name urlCDC DVH HepatitisC Information For the Health Professional cite web url http www.cdc.gov hepatitis HCV index.htm title CDC DVH HepatitisC Information For the Health ... journal author Pessoa MG, Terrault NA, Detmer J, et al. title Quantitation of hepatitis G and C viruses ...Infobox disease Name Viral hepatitis Image Ground glass hepatocytes high mag cropped 2.jpg Caption Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes , which are seen in Chronic medicine chronic hepatitis B infections a type of viral hepatitis , and represent accumulations of virus viral antigen in the endoplasmic ... OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006525 Viral hepatitis is Hepatitis liver inflammation ... more details
1 antitrypsin deficiency, Hepatitis B and C and drug induced hepatitis have been ruled out, a possible ...Mergeto Autoimmune hepatitis date October 2011 Orphan date November 2006 Refimprove date September 2011 Lupoid hepatitis also called autoimmune hepatitis is an auto immune disease which causes liver cirrhosis ... s. 60 of patients have chronic hepatitis that may mimic viral hepatitis, but without serology serologic ... with anti smooth muscle auto antibody antibodies . Autoimmune hepatitis is a condition in which the patient ... is chronic and progressive. Although the disease is chronic, many patients with autoimmune hepatitis ..., a picture that resembles acute hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women 70 between the ages of 15 and 40. Although the term lupoid hepatitis was originally used to describe this disease, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus do not have an increased incidence of autoimmune hepatitis ... to severe hepatitis with elevated serum ALT and AST activities in the setting of normal to marginally ... hepatitis journal New England Journal of Medicine volume 334 pages 897 903 doi 10.1056 NEJM199604043341406 pmid 8596574 issue 14 ref Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver ... ruled out. Autoimmune hepatitis was previously called lupoid hepatitis. It was originally described ... erythematosis. Thus, its name was previously lupoid hepatitis. Because the disease has multiple different forms, and is not always associated with systemic lupus erythematosis, lupoid hepatitis is no longer used. The current name at present is autoimmune hepatitis IAH . Diagnosis Patients who have chronic elevations in liver function tests for greater than 6 months are thought to have chronic hepatitis .... Evaluation for these types of autoimmune hepatitis is obtained through simple blood tests. Based upon .... Treatment Not all patients with autoimmune hepatitis require treatment. However, when they have .... In general, patients do quite well with autoimmune hepatitis. Treatment is usually required ... more details
eMedicineTopic MeshID D003699 Hepatitis D , also referred to as hepatitis D virus HDV and classified as Hepatitis delta virus , is a disease caused by a small circular enveloped RNA virus . It is one of five known hepatitis viruses hepatitis A A , hepatitis B B , hepatitisCC , D, and hepatitis ... ref See also Hepatitis A Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B in China HepatitisCHepatitis E Hepatitis ...Taxobox name Hepatitis D image image width image caption virus group v ordo Unassigned familia Unassigned genus Deltavirus species Hepatitis delta virus Infobox disease Name Hepatitis D Image Caption DiseasesDB ... in the presence of the hepatitis B hepatitis B virus HBV . ref cite journal author Makino S title Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta delta virus RNA journal Nature volume 329 ... Govindarajan first6 Sugantha last7 Lai first7 Michael M. C. ref Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV coinfection or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis ... Fattovich G title Influence of hepatitis delta virus infection on morbidity and mortality in compensated ... M last5 Zagni first5 I last6 Realdi first6 G last7 Schalm first7 SW ref In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest mortality rate of all the hepatitis infections of 20 . Virology History Hepatitis D virus was first reported in the mid 1970s, as a nuclear antigen in patients ... MG, Arico S, Criello O, Trepo C, Bonino F, Verme G title Immunofluorescence detection of new antigen antibody system delta anti delta associated to hepatitis B virus in liver and in serum of HBsAg ... gut.18.12.997 ref This nuclear antigen was then thought to be a hepatitis B antigen and was called the delta antigen. Subsequent experiments in chimpanzees showed that the hepatitis delta antigen HDAg ..., M title Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta delta viral genome journal ... year 2005 pages 735 8 ref Structure and Genome Infobox protein family Symbol HDV ag Name Hepatitis ... more details
genome. HEV has a fecal oral transmission route. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses hepatitis A A , hepatitis B B , hepatitisCC , hepatitis D D , and E. Infection with this virus was first ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis E Image Hepatitis E virus.jpg Caption Hepatitis E virus ICD10 ICD10 B ... Hepatitis E is a viral hepatitis liver inflammation caused by infection with a virus called hepatitis ... HF title The histopathology of viral hepatitis as seen in the Delhi epidemic 1955 56 journal Indian ... cite journal author Guu TS, Liu Z, Ye Q, et al. title Structure of the hepatitis E virus .... ref name Purdy2010 Purdy MA, Khudyakov YE 2010 Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref Epidemiology The incidence of hepatitis E is highest in juveniles ..., they less frequently become symptomatic. Mortality rates are generally low, for hepatitis E is a self ... to work, care for family members, and obtain food. Hepatitis E occasionally develops into an acute ... to hepatitis A , but in pregnant women the disease is more often severe and is associated with a clinical ... animal species and have been responsible for sporadic cases of hepatitis E in both developing ... al. title Acute hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus genotype 1 as an imported infectious disease in Japan ... in treatment is not yet clear. Population genetics The most recent common ancestor of Hepatitis ... history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref It diverged ... YE 2010 Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376 ... dynamics of hepatitis E virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref The population size of genotype ... and population dynamics of hepatitis E virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref Patterns Hepatitis E is prevalent .... Outbreaks of epidemic hepatitis E most commonly occur after heavy rainfalls and monsoons because ... Domestic animals have been reported as a reservoir for the hepatitis E virus, with some surveys showing ... more details
Stuyver L, De Gendt S, Van Geyt C, et al. title A new genotype of hepatitis B virus complete genome ... Pramoolsinsup C title Management of viral hepatitis B journal Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ... to raise global awareness of hepatitis B and hepatitisC and encourage prevention, diagnosis and treatment ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis B ICD10 ICD10 B 16 b 15 , br ICD10 B 18 0 b 15 ICD10 B 18 1 b 15 ICD9 ICD9 070.2 ICD9 070.3 Image Hepatitis B virions.jpg Caption Transmission electron microscopy Electron micrograph of hepatitis B virus DiseasesDB 5765 MedlinePlus 000279 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 992 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 ped 978 MeshID D006509 OMIM 610424 Hepatitis B is an infectious inflammatory illness of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus HBV affecting hominoidea , including humans. Originally known as serum hepatitis , ref name pmid8769597 Cite doi 10.1001 jama.276.10.841 ref the disease ... in Hepatitis B in China China . ref name pmid16941687 Cite doi 10.1002 hep.21347 ref More than 2 billion people have been infected, ref name WHOfactsheet Cite web title Hepatitis B url http www.who.int ... Hepatitis B url http liver.stanford.edu Education faq.html publisher Stanford School of Medicine ... developing countries. ref cite book last Coopstead first Lee Ellen C. title Pathophysiology year ... A, Bl ckberg J, Lindqvist B title High levels of hepatitis B virus DNA in body fluids from chronic ... December pmid 17046105 doi 10.1016 j.jhin.2006.06.029 ref However, Hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread ..., or breastfeeding. ref name PubMed Health Cite web title Hepatitis B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... CDC HBV Transmission Cite web title Hepatitis B FAQ Transmission url http www.cdc.gov hepatitis B ... ref The acute illness causes liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice , and rarely death. Chronic hepatitis ... is preventable by Hepatitis B vaccine vaccination . ref name pmid17673066 Cite doi 10.4065 82.8.967 ref Hepatitis B virus is an hepadnavirus hepa from hepatotrophic and dna because it is a DNA ... more details
vaccine target Hepatitis A vaccine type Killed Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com CDI hepatitis a vaccine MedlinePlus a695003 pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category ... CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US ... ChemSpiderID NA DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank Chemical data Hepatitis A vaccine is a vaccine against the hepatitis A virus. The first successful vaccine against it was invented by Maurice ... F International Consensus Group on Hepatitis A Virus Immunity, 2003. Hepatitis A booster vaccination is there a need? Lancet. 2003 Sep 27 362 9389 1065 71. ref . The vaccine contains inactivated Hepatitis ... info cite web title Hepatitis A Vaccine Information work Vaccine Information publisher ImmunizationInfo ... 2006 cite web title Hepatitis A Vaccine What you need to know work Vaccine Information Statement publisher ... 2007 03 12 ref Hepatitis A is the most common vaccine preventable virus acquired during travel, ref name CDC Yellow Book cite web title Hepatitis, Viral, Type A work Travelers Health Yellow Book CDC ... CDC 2006 ref name NHS 2006 cite web title Hepatitis A Introduction publisher NHS Direct url http www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk ... against Hepatitis A begins approximately two to four weeks after the initial vaccination ref name ... TW, et al title Persistence of antibody to Hepatitis A virus 10 years after vaccination among ... Avaxim 160U Packaging This may not be a comprehensive list of all commercial Hepatitis A vaccines available ... test they use to measure Hepatitis A antigen in their products. Avaxim made by Sanofi Pasteur . Inactivated Hepatitis A virus produced in MRC 5 cells. Each dose contains 160 U of antigen adsorbed on aluminium ... of synthetic lipids and influenza proteins in addition to the Hepatitis A antigen. It does not contain ... November 2010. ref Havrix made by GlaxoSmithKline . Inactivated Hepatitis A virus produced in MRC 5 ... Vaqta made by Merck . Inactivated Hepatitis A virus produced in MRC 5 cells. An adult dose contains ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 Infobox disease Name Neonatal hepatitis Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 774.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Neonatal hepatitis or perinatal hepatitis is a rare fulminant disease of the liver , of unknown etiology, characterized by massive deposition of iron in the liver, pancreas , heart , and endocrine glands symptoms are those of infant neonatal hepatitis and appear in utero or within the first week of life, with death usually occurring by 4 months of age. Neonatal hepatitis is histologically characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. There may also be bile pigment or hemosiderin within hepatocytes. medical stub Category Pediatrics Category Hepatology ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date January 2009 Italic title Hepatitis Monthly is a medical journal published by the Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tehran , Iran . It is the official journal of this center and of the Iran Hepatitis Network . It was established in 2002 by Seyed Moayed Alavian, who is the journal s editor in chief . ref http hepmon.com page ?id 4 Hepatitis Monthly Homepage ref Abstracting and indexing According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal s 2009 impact factor is 0.716. In addition, the journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Science Citation Index Expanded , Scopus , EMBASE , Index Medicus , and CAB International CABI . References references External links Official http www.hepmon.com http www.hep.ir Iran Hepatitis Network http www.brcgl.ir Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Category Publications established in 2002 Category Gastroenterology and hepatology journals ... more details
unreferenced date December 2007 Ischemic hepatitis also known as shock liver is a condition of decreased blood supply to the liver resulting in injury to liver cells hepatocyte s , which occurs in a diffuse fashion. The decreased blood flow perfusion to the liver is usually due to shock or low blood pressure. However, local causes involving the hepatic artery that supplies oxygen to the liver, such as sickle cell anemia sickle cell crisis and thrombosis of the hepatic artery, can also cause ischemic hepatitis. Patients with ischemic hepatitis are usually very ill. Diagnosis and presentation Blood testing usually shows high levels of the liver function tests liver transaminase enzymes, AST and ALT, which may exceed 1000 U L. ref name pmid19473435 cite journal author Raurich JM, P rez O, Llompart Pou JA, Ib ez J, Ayestar n I, P rez B rcena J title Incidence and outcome of ischemic hepatitis complicating septic shock journal Hepatol. Res. volume 39 issue 7 pages 700 5 year 2009 month July pmid 19473435 doi 10.1111 j.1872 034X.2009.00501.x url http www3.interscience.wiley.com resolve openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 1386 6346&date 2009&volume 39&issue 7&spage 700 ref Normal limits for ALT is usually 63 U L, depending on the lab. These increased lab values are due to the injured hepatocytes leaking out these enzymes into the blood stream. People who develop ischemic hepatitis may have pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, but they usually feel more unwell because of the serious reason that they developed the ischemia, than due to the ischemic hepatitis itself. Jaundice can occur, but is rare and transient, as is actual loss of function of the liver. Related conditions Ischemic hepatitis is related to another condition called nutmeg liver congestive hepatopathy or nutmeg liver, which is a backflow condition due to poor drainage of the liver, usually due to heart failure. As a result, the two entities can co exist. See also Elevated transaminases References ... more details
Infobox disease Name Autoimmune hepatitis Image Autoimmune hepatitis cropped very high mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a lymphoplasmacytic interface hepatitis the characteristic histomorphologic finding of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver biopsy . H&E stain . DiseasesDB 1150 ICD10 ICD10 K 75 4 k 70 ICD9 ... Hepatitis is a disease of the liver that occurs when the body s immune system attacks cells of the liver ... hepatitis. This abnormal immune response results in inflammation of the liver, which can lead to further complications, including cirrhosis . ref name urlDigestive Disease Autoimmune Hepatitis ... Autoimmune Hepatitis author National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse accessdate October 9, 2010 , ref Autoimmune hepatitis has an incidence of 1 2 per 100,000 per year, and a prevalence of 10 ... 70 . ref name urlAutoimmune Hepatitis cite web url http www.cumc.columbia.edu dept gi autoimmune.html title Autoimmune Hepatitis work accessdate ref Liver enzyme s are elevated, as may be bilirubin . Classification ... ref name urlautoimmune hepatitis cite web url http www.meddean.luc.edu Lumen MedEd orfpath autoimmune 20hepatitis.htm title autoimmune hepatitis work accessdate ref this group behaves like group 1 ref ... diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is best achieved with a combination of clinical trial clinical , laboratory ... hepatitis always requires a liver biopsy . In complex cases, a scoring system can be used to help determine if a patient has autoimmune hepatitis, which combines clinical and laboratory features ... International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis journal J. Hepatol. volume 31 issue 5 pages 929 38 year 1999 month November pmid 10580593 ... 2008 05 09 ref ref name urlAutoimmune Hepatitis Calculator cite web url http homepage.mac.com sholland contrivances aihcalc.html title Autoimmune Hepatitis Calculator work accessdate 2008 05 ... Autoimmune hepatitis classification, heterogeneity, and treatment journal Am. J. Med. volume 96 issue ... more details
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