In United States agricultural policy, the haying and grazing rules dictate that in response to natural disaster conditions usually a drought , Conservation Reserve Program land can be used for haying and grazing, but only after the Secretary approves it for the entire county. CRP participants who then choose to hay or graze receive reduced financial payments, reflecting the decreased environmental benefits being provided on enrolled lands. See also Emergency livestock feed programs References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article Nobles County Description Historical Source Archive Portion Low resolution Purpose Wkipage Replaceability other information Licensing Non free historic image ... more details
Old Sultan lang de Der alte Sultan is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm , tale number 48. It combined three different Aarne Thompson types 101, the old dog rescues the child 103, wild animals hide from an unfamiliar animal and 104, the war between the village animals and the forest animals. Synopsis A farmer s dog, Sultan, had grown old, and one day the farmer told his wife he would shoot Sultan. The dog heard. A wolf told him that they would take their child haying the next day, and the wolf would carry him off. Sultan could chase him, and he would free the child. They would be grateful and not shoot Sultan. The wolf s plan succeeded, and the farmer was so grateful that he had his wife make bread soup for the dog so, being toothless, he would not have to chew. The wolf asked Sultan to overlook his stealing sheep, and Sultan refused. When the wolf tried it, Sultan barked. The wolf challenged him, and came with a boar for a second. Sultan could find only a three legged cat. But the wolf and boar mistook the cat s tail for a sword, and when the cat limped they thought she was picking up rocks to throw, so they hid. They were ashamed to be found so frightened, they gave up. External links http www.surlalunefairytales.com authors grimms 48oldsultan.html Old Sultan http www.pitt.edu dash grimm048.html Old Sultan http www.oldsultan.com Old Sultan With modern illustrations Brothers Grimm Category Brothers Grimm Category Fictional dogs de Der alte Sultan nl De oude Sultan th ... more details
Other people2 Victor Anderson disambiguation Victor C. Anderson 1882 1937 was an United States American painter and illustrator, primarily known for his rural life scenes and landscapes, whose works were featured in Life Magazine Life and other magazines of the early 20th Century, and who produced a wide range of illustrations for books as well as oil paintings. Like his father, Frank Anderson artist Frank Anderson , Victor was a well known painter of the Hudson River School . Victor drew and painted from an early age, eventually entering the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn . His favorite subjects were scenes of homespun rural life and landscapes of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, and were popular nationally. For many years, he lived and had his studio at 195 Battle Avenue, White Plains, New York , ref Information from back of painting Haying in personal collection of the writer ref where he died in 1937. He exhibited in the National Academy. ref http www.carolinagalleries.com artist.shtml?id 138&sold 1 Carolina Galleries Bot generated title ref His daughter, Joan Howe 1915 2005 , was a well known watercolor artist who lived and worked in both Albany, NY, and Marathon Bay, FL. References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Anderson, Victor C. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1882 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1937 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Anderson, Victor C. Category American illustrators Category 1882 births Category 1937 deaths US illustrator stub US painter 1880s stub ... more details
source in the winter haying . ref name Smith The pika feeds throughout the year while haying is limited ... montane mammals. In addition, they also make 13 trips per hours to collect vegetation when haying .... ref It seems that the timing of haying correlates to the amount of precipitation from the previous winter. ref name Smith 1974 Pikas will start and then quit haying earlier in years following little snow and early spring. In areas at lower elevations, haying begins before the snow has melted at high altitudes while at higher elevations, haying continues after it ends in lower elevations. ref name ... . Ecology 55 1368 1376. ref When haying, pikas harvest plants in a deliberate sequence, corresponding ... is not active. During haying, territorial behavior increases. ref name Martin1982 Adult pikas ... more details
Infobox artist name Julien Dupr Dupre image Julien dupre photo in studio from catalogue web.jpg imagesize 170px caption Julien Dupr birth name Julien Dupr birth date birth date 1851 3 18 mf y birth place Paris, France death date death date and age 1910 4 16 1851 3 18 mf y death place Paris, France nationality Paris French field Painting Painter training movement French Academic , Realism visual arts Realism works The White Cow , Faucheurs de Luzerne , La Recolte des Foins patrons awards Legion of Honor, 1892 Image Julien dupre b1030 glaneuses wm wiki.jpg thumb left Glaneuses , 1880 br Rehs Galleries, Inc., New York City Julien Dupr 1851 1910 was born in Paris on March 18, 1851 to Jean Dupr a jeweler and Pauline Bouilli and began his adult life working in a lace shop in anticipation of entering his family s jewelry business. The war of 1870 and the siege of Paris forced the closure of the shop and Julien began taking evening courses at the Ecole des Arts D coratifs and it was through these classes that he gained admission to the Ecole des Beaux Arts . At l Ecole he studied with Isidore Pils 1813 1875 and Henri Lehmann 1814 1882 . In the mid 1870s he traveled to Picardy and became a student of the rural genre painter D sir Fran ois Laug e 1823 1896 , whose daughter Marie El onore Fran oise he would marry in 1876 the year he exhibited his first painting at the Paris Salon . Throughout his career Dupr championed the life of the peasant and continued painting scenes in the areas of Normandy and Brittany until his death on April 16, 1910. Works in Public Collections Haying Scene 1884 St. Louis Art Museum , St. Louis, MO. br The Haymakers 1886 Worcester Art Museum , Worcester, MA. br Return From the Fields n.d. Joslyn Art Museum , Omaha, NE. br In Pasture 1882 Washington University Art Gallery, St. Louis, MO. br Haying Scene 1882 Washington University Art Gallery, St. Louis, MO. br Young Woman Watering Cattle Museum of Fine Arts, Boston , MA. br Haymaking 1892 Muse ... more details
Image Mallaig, Alberta Location.png 200px right thumb Location of Mallaig Mallaig is a Hamlet place settlement in Alberta , Canada within the St. Paul County No. 19, Alberta County of St. Paul No. 19 . ref Cite web url http municipalaffairs.gov.ab.ca documents msb 2010 ruralmun.pdf title Specialized and Rural Municipalities and Their Communities author Alberta Municipal Affairs authorlink Alberta Municipal Affairs date 2010 04 01 accessdate 2010 07 04 ref It is located approximately convert 200 km mi northeast of Edmonton, Alberta Edmonton . The hamlet was one of the many communities that spawned due to the construction of the railroad in Western Canada during the early 1900s. In 1928, the hamlet was officially founded. The name was inspired by one of the Scotland Scottish workers. The many swamps and low lying areas in the area reminded him of his home town Mallaig, Scotland Mallaig , Scotland . As the 20th century progressed, the railway has been removed, and has been replaced by the Iron Horse Trail, Alberta Iron Horse Trail , which is a long, recreational trail intended for all terrain vehicle s. The hamlet today is quite small, containing minimal services, a landfill , and a school Kindergarten to Grade 12 with an enrollment of approximately 300 students Citation needed date July 2010 from the hamlet and surrounding area. See also List of communities in Alberta List of hamlets in Alberta References Reflist External links http www.road to the isles.org.uk westword jan2005.html Information on the hamlet with pictures located halfway down the page http www.road to the isles.org.uk westword dec2004.html Another edition of link above information is located near the bottom of the page http www.sperd.net mcs Local school website http www.localwonders.com LocalWonders Alta Areas VilnaMap.htm Information on Mallaig and surrounding communities http www.hayinginthe30s.org index.html Information on Haying in the 30 s , an annual festival http www.abheritage.ca francophone ... more details
Refimprove date July 2007 Switchel , also switzel , swizzle , ginger water , haymaker s punch or switchy , is a drink made of water mixed with vinegar , and often seasoned with ginger . Honey , sugar, brown sugar , or maple syrup were sometimes used to sweeten the drink instead of molasses . In the U.S. state of Vermont , oatmeal and lemon juice were sometimes added to the beverage. Switchel originated in the Caribbean , and had become a popular summer drink in the Thirteen Colonies American Colonies in the late 17th century. By the 19th century, it had become a traditional drink to serve to thirsty farmers at hay hay harvest time, hence the nickname haymaker s punch . ref http www.hungrybrowser.com phaedrus m093002.htm 1 Uncle Phaedrus, Finder of Lost Recipes ref Herman Melville wrote in I and My Chimney , I will give a traveler a cup of switchel, if he want it but am I bound to supply him with a sweet taste? ref http www.online literature.com melville 160 I and My Chimney by Herman Melville ref In The Long Winter novel The Long Winter Laura Ingalls Wilder describes a switchel like beverage that her mother had sent for Laura and her father to drink while haying Ma had sent them ginger water. She had sweetened the cool well water with sugar, flavored it with vinegar, and put in plenty of ginger to warm their stomachs so they could drink till they were not thirsty. Ginger water would not make them sick, as plain cold water would when they were so hot. Switchel was sometimes kept in a hollow ring shaped Canteen bottle canteen which could be carried over the shoulder or arm or on the belt. The Vermont physician D. C. Jarvis recommended a similar drink a mixture of honey and cider vinegar , which he called honegar. ref cite book title Folk Medicine A New England Almanac of Natural Health Care from a Noted Vermont Country Doctor author D.C. Md Jarvis date May 12, 1985 isbn 978 0449208809 publisher Fawcett Publications ref The Switchel recipe has been moved from Wikipedia ... more details
For the Lake in East San Jose Lake Cunningham Infobox lake lake name Cunningham Lake image lake caption lake image bathymetry caption bathymetry location British Columbia coords coord 54 35 N 125 20 W region CA BC type waterbody display inline,title type reservoir inflow outflow catchment basin countries Canada length width area depth max depth volume residence time shore elevation islands cities Cunningham Lake In Carrier language Carrier Yeko Bun is situated approximately 91 km from Fort St. James, British Columbia via Lind Pit Lake road. Nankut Creek connects Cunningham to Stuart Lake . It is also the name of a tranquil little village nearby, used as a Summer Fall camp for thousands of years by the Yekoochet en people and other nearby Indigenous people . In fact, the Yekooche people s very name derrives from the area Ye Koo refers to Yeko Bun Cunningham Lake and Che describes the tail end of Nankut Creek. ref name Yekooche http www.yekoochenativeart.com yekoochehistory.htm Yekooche History Yekooche First Nation ref Cunningham Lake Indian Reserve No. 11 is located on the south shore of the lake officially to the Tl azt en Nation known as Ye Koos Lee Indian Reserve 11 . ref BCGNIS 32736 Cunningham Lake Indian Reserve No. 11 ref As well as a source of hay for cows and horses, the area provides Lake trout , Common whitefish whitefish , Sockeye salmon kokanee , moose , bear , deer , duck , and beaver to hunters. Such food is dried or canned for winter, or historically, traded in Fort St. James for staples such as sugar, flour and rice. There is a small island called Ruby Rock where the Joseph brothers have a Hunting Fishing Guide Outfitting company. There is also a little peninsula, known as Yekoosle , where there are cabins owned by a family from Yekooche First Nation . There are also small cabins belonging to the Joseph brothers on the small reservation nearby which they use for haying and hunting. At night, guests can hear loons calling in the distance, and wolves ... more details
The Food Security Act of 1985 P.L. 99 198 , a 5 year omnibus farm bill, allowed lower commodity price and income supports and established a dairy herd buyout program. This 1985 farm bill made changes in a variety of other USDA programs. Several enduring conservation program were created, including sodbuster, swampbuster, and the Conservation Reserve Program. Shortly after enactment, the Technical Corrections to Food Security Act of 1985 Amendments P.L. 99 253 gave USDA discretion to require cross compliance for wheat and feed grains instead of mandating them, changed acreage base calculations, and specified election procedures for local Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation committees. Technical changes and other modifications were enacted by the Food Security Improvements Act of 1986 P.L. 99 260 , including limiting the non program crops that could be planted under the 50 92 provision, permitting haying and grazing on diverted wheat and feed grain acreage for a limited period in regions of distress, and increasing deductions taken from the price of milk received by producers to fund the dairy termination program also called the whole herd buy out program. Again in 1986, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 P.L. 99 509 made changes in the 1985 Act requiring advance deficiency payments to be made to producers of 1987 wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice crops at a minimum of 40 for wheat and feed grains and 30 for rice and upland cotton. The 1985 Act also amended the Farm Credit Act of 1971 . Further commodity program changes were made in the FY1987 agricultural appropriations bill P.L. 99 591 . In addition to its funding provisions, P.L. 99 591 set the annual payment limitation at 50,000 per person for deficiency and paid land diversion payments, and included honey, resource adjustment excluding land diversion , disaster, and Findley payments under a 250,000 aggregate payment limitation. Once again, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 ... more details
Infobox protected area name Camas National Wildlife Refuge iucn category IV map USA relief map caption Map of the United States map width 300 photo photo caption photo width location Jefferson County, Idaho , United States nearest city Hamer, Idaho lat d 43.95129 long d 112.24914 region US ID coords ref ref cite gnis 397519 Camas National Wildlife Refuge ref source GNIS area convert 10578 acre km2 abbr on established 1937 visitation num visitation year governing body United States Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service url http www.fws.gov camasnwr About half of the Camas National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Idaho consists of lakes, ponds, and marshland s the remainder is grass sagebrush uplands, meadow s, and farm fields. Camas Creek flows through the length of the refuge. Water management is a critical component of Camas Refuge operations. An extensive system of canal s, ditch dike s, wells, ponds, and water control structures is used to manipulate water for the benefit of wildlife, with an emphasis on nesting waterfowl . Haying and controlled burn prescribed fire are used to manipulate vegetation in some fields, and small grain crops are grown to provide supplemental feed for geese and cranes and to keep them from damaging private croplands. Geography The refuge has a surface area of convert 10578 acre km2 abbr on . ref http www.fws.gov refuges land LandReport.html USFWS Annual Lands Report, 30 September 2007 ref Bird habitat During migration, which peaks in March April and October, up to 50,000 duck s and 3,000 goose geese may be present on the refuge. Tundra swan Tundra and trumpeter swan s visit in the hundreds during migration. The refuge has become a popular swan watching destination with hundreds of tundra and trumpeter swan s stopping over during migration. Several state record songbird observations have been made in refuge Populus sect. Aegiros cottonwood groves on the refuge. References http www.fws.gov refuges profiles index.cfm?id ... more details
Infobox Protected area name Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge iucn category IV map US Locator Blank.svg map caption locator x 129 locator y 27 location Stutsman County, North Dakota Stutsman Foster County, North Dakota Foster counties, North Dakota , United States USA nearest city Pingree, North Dakota Pingree, ND lat d 47 lat m 16 lat s 28 lat NS N long d 98 long m 51 long s 29 long EW W area 15,934 acres 64 km established September 4, 1935 visitation num 14,500 visitation year 2004 governing body United States Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge is located in the U.S. state of North Dakota . Arrowwood NWR is a part of the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge Complex , and is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service . The refuge parallels 16 miles 27 km of the James River Dakotas James River and is a mixture of wetlands , forest and prairie . Efforts to ensure the refuge continues to provide prime nesting habitat for waterfowl include Controlled burn prescribed fire , haying, crop cultivation and livestock grazing. The refuge has forests with Oak and Celtis Hackberry which are uncommon on the prairie. It is believed that the name for the refuge is derived from Native Americans in the United States Native American naming for arrow wood, as the wood in the forest was prized for the making of arrows. During spring and fall migrations, between 90 and 100,000 waterfowl may be on the refuge. Over 100 species of birds have been spotted in the refuge. More than a dozen species of ducks and wading birds have been documented. The most common waterfowl usually seen include the Canada geese , mallard s, Northern Pintail pintail s, blue winged teal , shoveler s, and gadwall . Other bird species that are relatively common include grebe , double crested cormorant , great blue heron , black crowned night heron , and American bittern . Other shorebirds such as the plover are also common. Image Arrowwood Refuge.jp ... more details
A conditioner or hay conditioner is an Agricultural machinery agricultural machine that crimps and crushes newly cut hay to promote faster and more even drying. Drying the hay efficiently is most important for first crop hay, which consists of coarse stalks that take a longer period of time to draw out moisture than finer textured hays, such as second crop cuttings. A conditioner is made up of two grooves rollers which the hay is forced through causing the stalks to split, thus giving more surface area for moisture to escape. The stand alone conditioner is now an obsolete piece of machinery since it has been incorporated into both haybines and mower conditioners. Mower conditioners Mower conditioners, MoCo s in casual conversation, are a staple of large scale haying. Mower conditioners are defined by the mechanisms that accomplish mowing and conditioning. There are three types of mower s sickle bar mowers, disc mowers, and drum mower. Sickle bar mowers use a reciprocating knife to cut the grass and typically use a reel to fold the grass over the knife. Disc mowers have a number of hubs across the cutting width, each hub having a small 18 rotating disc with knives. Drum mowers use two or three large rotating plates called the drums, about 36 across which ride over the ground as they are spinning. A sickle bar mower s main advantage over disc mower and drum mower is the reduced horsepower requirements. Its disadvantage is the extra maintenance required due to the high number of moving parts and wear items. Disc mowers were historically considered an all the eggs in one basket kind of mower because all the mower hubs were one large gearbox. If one blade hit something and a gear tooth broke the whole gearbox would suffer a catastrophic failure and there would be nothing worth fixing. If anything broke, everything broke. Drum mowers prevented this by having typically two belt driven drums compared to 6 or more gear driven hubs. Modern disc mowers use isolated gearboxes a ... more details
refimprove date October 2011 The Agricultural Market Transition Act AMTA Title I of the 1996 farm bill P.L. 104 127 allowed farmers who had participated in the wheat, feed grain, cotton, and rice programs in any one of the 5 years prior to 1996 to enter into 7 year production flexibility contract s for 1996 2002. Total national production flexibility contract payments sometimes called AMTA payments, or contract payments for each fiscal year were fixed in the law. The AMTA allowed farmers to plant 100 of their total contract acreage to any crop except fruits and vegetables, and receive a full payment. Land had to be maintained in agricultural uses. Unlimited haying and grazing and planting and harvesting alfalfa and other forage crops was permitted with no reduction in payments. AMTA commodity support provisions were replaced by the 2002 farm bill P.L. 101 171, Title I , a 6 year farm bill. Contract payments under AMTA Some 36 billion in Production Flexibility Contract payments made to farmers for contract crops for fiscal years 1996 2002 under Title I of the 1996 farm bill P.L. 104 127 , known as the Agricultural Market Transition Act AMTA . The total amount made available for each fiscal year was specified in the Act and allocated to commodities each fiscal year using a set of percentages also specified in the Act. These percentages were based on CBO s February 1995 baseline forecast of what deficiency payments would have been if provisions in effect for the 1995 crop had been extended. For example, for fiscal 1997, the total allocation for wheat was 26 of total annual payments of 5.385 billion, or 1.414 billion. The annual payment rate for wheat equaled total spending 1.414 billion divided by the sum of all individual wheat payment contract quantities for the year. As with other program commodities, an individual farm s payment quantity equaled the farm s program payment yield multiplied by 85 of the farm s wheat contract acreage. Program yields under the 1996 Act ... more details
ref and allowed for haying while the grass was still green ref name nyt cite news title The Hay Crop and the Haying Season newspaper The New York Times date 1868 06 26 url http query.nytimes.com mem ... more details
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