In the behaviorism approach to psychology, behavioral scripts are a sequence of expected behaviors for a given situation. ref name Barnett06 Barnett, D.W. et. al. 2006 . Preschool Intervention Scripts Lessons from 20 years of Research and Practice. Journal of Speech Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis , 2 2 , 158 181 http www.baojournal.com BAO ref For example, when an individual enters a restaurant they choose a table, order, wait, eat, pay the bill, and leave. People continually follow scripts which are acquired through habit, practice and simple routine . Following scripts is useful because it saves the time and mental effort of figuring out an appropriate behavior each time a situation is encountered. Psychology Social structure encourages a strong degree of behavioral scripts to be utilized within everyday interactions with others, and sociocultural norms dictate that humans utilize behavioral scripts. Some people may have a tendency to habituate behavioral scripts in a manner that can act to limit consciousness in a subliminal manner, which can negatively influence or affect the subconscious mind, and subsequently negatively affect perceptions, judgments, values, beliefs, cognition and behavior . For example, over reliance upon behavioral scripts combined with Norm sociology social norms that encourage people to utilize behavioral scripts may encourage people to stereotype others based on socioeconomic status , ethnicity, race, etc., and then subsequently develop prejudice toward other people that becomes subconsciously psychologically habituated and then manifested into personal behavioral scripts. Some applied behavior analysts use scripts to train new skills. ref name Barnett06 Some 20 years of research supports it as an effective way to build new language, social, and activity routines for adults and children with developmental disabilities. ref name Barnett06 With language scripts fading procedures are used and efforts are made to get the scr ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Stentor Coeruleus image StentorCoeruleus.jpg image width 200px image caption domain Eukarya regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata phylum Ciliate Ciliophora classis Heterotrich ea ordo Heterotrichida familia Stentoridae genus Stentor species S. Coeruleus binomial Stentor Coeruleus binomial authority Ehrenberg, 1830 ref http protist.i.hosei.ac.jp pdb images Ciliophora Stentor coeruleus index.html ref Stentor coeruleus is a protist of the Stentor protozoa Stentor genus. It belongs to the Stentoridae family which is characterized by being a very large ciliate that measures 0.5 to 2 millimetres when fully extended. Stentor coeruleus specifically appears as a very large trumpet. It contains a macronucleus that looks like a string of beads that are contained within a ciliate that is blue to blue green in color. Being that it has many myoneme s, it has the ability to contract into a ball. It has the ability to swim while both fully extended or contracted. ref cite web last Rotkiewicz first Piotr authorlink coauthors title Stentor Droplet Photo Gallery work Droplet Microscopy of the Protozoa publisher date url http www.droplet microscopy.org gallery stentor.html format doi accessdate ref Eating is accomplished using cilia that carry food into the ciliate s gullet. Stentor Coeruleus is known to habituate to its environment. ref name wood1988 Wood, D. C. 1988 . http www.jneurosci.org cgi reprint 8 7 2254 Habituation in Stentor produced by mechanoreceptor channel modification . Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 2254 2258 . ref Reproduction Stentor Coeruleus may reproduce by a form of sexual reproduction called Sexual conjugation conjugation . References Reflist Category Heterotrichea nl Blauw trompetdiertje pl Tr bacz protista ... more details
Calvary Schools of Holland CSH , formerly known as Calvary Baptist Schools is a private Christian school located in Holland, Michigan . It is affiliated with near by Calvary Baptist Church, CSH educates students ranging in age from K 4 to 12th grade at 2 locations, and is accredited by the Association of Christian Schools International ACSI as well as the North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement . Goals Calvary Schools has officially committed itself to building Christian character and to developing servant leadership in its students within the context of a quality education. Funding Calvary Schools receives 85 of its funding from tuition and 15 from donations, individuals, foundations, businesses, and churches. While it maintains its 501 c 3 status through Calvary Baptist Church for purposes of Michigan incorporation laws, it operates under its own board of directors. The school has a strong balance sheet, with well over 1,000,000 in debt free buildings and property. PowerPlus Calvary Schools field multiple student teams which are divided into male and female groups with each group assigned to several staff these are known as PowerPlus teams to habituate service learning . The PowerPlus program is a service learning form of education which is experiential education where learning occurs through a cycle of action and reflection as students work with others through a process of applying what they are learning to community problems and, at the same time, reflecting upon their experience as they seek to achieve real objectives for the community and deeper understanding and skills for themselves. It is an interactive character building program that is distinctively hands on, taking students from 6th 12th grade out of the classroom and placing them face to face with the service needs of their community. This program won the ACSI Exemplary School Program award for 2004 2005 School year. ref Christian School Education, Volume 8 Number 4, ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Mansonella streptocerca regnum Animal ia phylum Roundworm Nematoda classis Secernentea ordo Spirurida familia Onchocercidae genus Mansonella species M . streptocerca binomial Mansonella streptocerca Mansonella streptocerca , formerly Diptalonema streptocerca , is the scientific name of a human parasitic roundworm causing the disease of streptocerciasis . It is a common parasite in the skin of humans in the rain forests of Africa, where it is thought to be a parasite of chimpanzees as well. ref foundations of parasitology, 8th ed, p 473 474... from Meyers, 2000, in Hunter s tropical medicine and emerging infectious disease 8th ed. ref Mansonella streptocerca is one of four filarial nematodes that cause Subcutaneous Filariasis in humans. The other three filarial nematodes are Loa loa the African eye worm , Onchocerca volvulus river blindness , and Dracunculus medinensis the guinea worm . Geographic Distribution West Africa. Life cycle File Mansonella streptocerca LifeCycle.gif Life cycle of Mansonella streptocerca thumb 350px The contraction of a Mansonella infection can be better understood through an understanding of its life cycle. The life cycle involves two stages one involving a Midge genus Culicoides and another involving a human host. First, a Midge ingests a blood meal from a human host. This allows a third stage filarial larvae to enter the bite wound. Once inside the dermis, the larvae develop into adults, usually less than 1 mm from the surface of the skin. In terms of size, the females can reach 27 mm in length, whereas the males can be around 50 micrometers in diameter. These adults then produce non periodic microfiliariae, which habituate in the skin but can also travel to the peripheral blood. These microfilariae are then passed onto the midge when the insect ingests a blood meal. Following the blood meal, microfilariae travel to the midge s midgut through the hemocoel to the thoracic muscles. In the thoracic muscles ... more details
measures the time it takes for the infant to habituate to each stimulus. Researchers infer that the longer the infant takes to habituate to a new stimulus, the more it violates his or her expectations ... more details
refimprove date January 2011 Preferential looking is an experimental method in developmental psychology used to gain insight into the young mind brain . The method as used today was developed by the developmental psychologist Robert L. Frantz in the 1960s. ref cite article title Infant perception and cognition author Leslie B. Cohen and Cara H. Cashon journal Handbook of psychology Developmental psychology volume 6 pages 65 89 year 2003 ref General account In a preferential looking experiment, an infant is habituate d to some stimulus or other a visual display of interacting objects, for example. Then the infant is shown a second stimulus that differs from the first in a specific manner. If the average infant looks longer at the second stimulus, this suggests that the infant can discriminate between the stimuli. This method has been used extensively in cognitive science and developmental psychology to assess the character of infant s perceptual systems, and, by extension, innate cognitive faculties. Summary of findings Conclusions have been drawn from preferential looking experiments about the knowledge that infants possess. For example, if infants discriminate between rule following and rule violating stimuli say, by looking longer, on average, at the former than the latter then it has sometimes been concluded that infants know the rule. Here is an example 100 infants are shown an object that appears to Teleportation teleport , violating the rule that objects move in continuous paths. Another 100 similar infants are shown an object that behaves in a nearly identical manner to the object from group 1, except that this object does not teleport. If this stimulus induces longer looking times than similar stimuli that do not involve teleportation, then, so the argument goes, infants expect that objects obey the continuity rule, and are surprised when they violate this rule. Some researchers have suggested, of some such experiments, that infants have innate knowledge of ... more details
No footnotes date October 2011 Antonio Tomasulo , also known as Bootsie 1917 June 23, 2003 , was an Italian American mobster who served in the New York Bonanno crime family running a highly lucrative illegal slot machine gambling operation. Biography Little is know of Tomasulo s personal background he was born in Greenpoint, Brooklyn , was married, and had a son named Anthony. Tomasulo was a life long asthma sufferer. He owned the Capri Car Service auto body in Greenpoint, Brooklyn . Tomasulo earned the nickname Bootsie because he always wore boots. He was also a habituate of The Motion Lounge , a mob hangout in Williamsburg, Brooklyn . At some point, Tomasulo began working for the Bonanno family. He worked in the Bonanno gambling operation that was run first by Dominick Napolitano and then later by Joseph Massino . Tomasulo eventually became a made man , or full member, of the Bonanno family. Joker Poker Over time, Tomasulo built a large illegal gambling empire consisted mainly of Joker Poker slot machine games. A Joker Poker machine allowed the player to play a five card poker game. The better the player s hand, the bigger the machine payout. However, the odds were stacked heavily in the machine s favor. One of his machines generated up to 15,000 in revenue each week. Tomasulo placed Joker Poker machines in pizza parlor s and dive bar s across New York City . As Tomasulo s slot machine empire grew, he soon delegated responsibility for collecting the slot machine revenues to his son Anthony, a Bonanno family associate. Anthony would visit each establishment hosting a machine, retrieve the money from the machine, and give the store or bar owner half the money. The rest of the money went to his father. Donnie Brasco In the 1970s, Antonio became friends with Donnie Brasco , a new family associate. Unknown to Tomasulo and everyone else, Brasco was really FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone , a Sicilian American tasked with infiltrating the Bonanno family. Six years later, the ... more details
on to the inn to impress his friends. The Rider, whose friends also habituate the inn, agrees, hoping ... army s crack Black Guard. The Rider, whose confederates also habituate the establishment, calls on them ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Modal window.png thumb Modal window displayed by the Mozilla Firefox Web browser puic 1 Modal window.png log 2009 March 10 In user interface design, a modal window is a Window computing Properties child window that requires users to interact with it before they can return to operating the Tree data structure Terminology parent application, thus preventing the workflow on the application main window. Modal windows are often called heavy windows or modal dialogs because the window is often used to display a dialog box . Modal windows are commonly used in GUI systems to command user awareness and to display emergency states. On the Web, they are often used to show images in detail. ref citeweb title Modal Panel author Quince UX patterns explorer url http quince.infragistics.com Patterns Modal 20Panel.html ref Relevance and usage Use cases Frequent uses of modal windows include Drawing attention to vital pieces of information. This use has been criticised as ineffective because users are bombarded with too many dialog boxes, and habituate to simply clicking Close , Cancel , or OK without reading or understanding the message. ref Joel Spolsky , User Interface Design for Programmers http www.joelonsoftware.com uibook chapters fog0000000062.html Designing for People Who Have Better Things To Do With Their Lives ref ref Raymond Chen , The Old New Thing http blogs.msdn.com oldnewthing archive 2003 09 01 54734.aspx The default answer to every dialog box is Cancel ref ref Jeff Atwood, Coding Horror http www.codinghorror.com blog archives 000114.html Teaching Users to Read ref Blocking the application flow until information required to continue is entered, as for example a password in a Logging computer security login process. Another example are file dialog s to open and save files in an application. Collecting application configuration options in a centralized dialog. In such cases, typically the changes are applied upon closing the dialog, and acc ... more details
File Tiputini Biodiversity Station laboratory.jpg thumb 300px right The main scientific laboratory at TBS. Tiputini Biodiversity Station is a scientific field research center in the Ecuador ian Amazon rainforest Amazon . It is located in the province of Orellana , about 280 km ESE from Quito , the capital city of Ecuador . It is located on the northern bank of the Tiputini River , and although separated from the Yasuni National Park by the river, the station is part of the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve . The station is jointly managed by Universidad San Francisco de Quito and Boston University as a center of education, research and conservation. Tiputini Biodiversity Station preserves a tract of 6.5 km which mostly includes primary non flooded forest, but there is a rather narrow belt of flooded vegetation towards the river, streams, and around a small oxbow lake. Along the Tiputini River, several beaches are uncovered during the dry season, but all are short, never greater than 100 m. Because of its remote location and agreements with local indigenous groups, no hunting of large mammals has occurred in the area and it is possible to habituate and study primates that are difficult to observe elsewhere. The station is geared towards research and education, and though not strictly off limits to tourists there are no regular tours to the area. The discovery of further oil deposits in the region has put the station at risk from nearby development of petroleum extraction and transport infrastructure, though the impacts may be mitigated somewhat by voluntary concessions by the management company. It remains to be seen if promised environmental sensitivity is implemented in the field, however. General Information The Tiputini Biodiversity Station TBS is a field study facility in which students and other scientists perform different research projects. This station is located in the Eastern Ecuadorian Amazon in the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve and provides a remote locale for ecologi ... more details
Leakey s Angels is a relatively recent name given to three women sent by archaeologist Louis Leakey to study primate s in their natural environments. The three are Jane Goodall , Dian Fossey , and Birut Galdikas . They studied chimpanzees , gorillas and orangutans respectively. The name was devised by one of the three women, Galdikas, in her 1995 book, Reflections of Eden , based on the fact that she first met Leakey in Los Angeles, California , a suitable place for angels. ref Birut M. F. Galdikas, Reflections of Eden My Years With the Orangutans of Borneo , Little, Brown & Company, 1995. This information is repeated in brief in Franz De Waal s review in the New York Times http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 990CE7DA153FF93AA15752C0A963958260&sec &spon &pagewanted print The Loneliest of Apes . ref Prior to Galdikas, the terms ape ladies or ape women with variants, e.g., gorilla lady , chimpanzee lady , etc. were in wide use, which, though they began prosaically enough in reference to their occupations, were more susceptible to misuse. The term Leakey s Angels is viewed as being more suitable and is likely to be sustained. ref As an example of the use of ape women , refer to Donna Haraway , Primate Visions Gender, Race and Nature in the World of Modern Science , Routledge, 1990, ISBN 0415902940, Page 151. Reviewable Google Books. ref Leakey s interest in primate ethology stemmed from his attempts to recreate the environment in which Proconsul genus Proconsul lived in the Rusinga Island region. He saw similarities between this environment and the habitat of the Chimpanzee s and Gorilla s. He had been trying to find observers since 1946. In 1956, he sent his secretary, Rosalie Osborn, to Mount Muhabura in Uganda to help habituate gorillas, ref Morell s term, Chapter 17. She, however, uses Leakey s customary term. ref but she lasted only four months, and returned to England. Leakey was considering taking the job himself when Goodall providentially brought he ... more details
Paolo LiCastri June 5, 1935, Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily &ndash June 13, 1979, Flatlands, Brooklyn was a made man , or Man of Honor who worked under Carlo Gambino and Carmine Galante . Biography Paolo LiCastri, named after St. Paul the Apostle , was smuggled into the country by Carlo Gambino s cousin, Paolo. LiCastri snuck into New York City with a throwaway passport and his own cunning. LiCastri was all but illiterate and had no money when he first arrived to the U.S. He settled in an apartment on Knickerbocker Avenue in Bushwick, Brooklyn where he worked as an apprentice pizza maker at La Dolce Vita, a pizza parlor in Bushwick. He later worked under John, Rosario and Giuseppe Gambino in the heroin trafficking business. LiCastri was born in Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily and a Man of Honor in the Palermo Mafia who was a soldier of Enzo Napoli and Carmine Galante . He was a regular habituate of Bonanno crime family consigliere Nicholas Marangello s Toyland Social Club in Little Italy, Manhattan . Activities in America He moved into an apartment in Bushwick located on Knickerbocker Avenue , a territory run by capo Salvatore Catalano. When LiCastri was not out committing criminal activities for Carmine Galante or Salvatore Catalano he worked at Catalano s pizzeria on 18th Avenue. He would be with fellow Sicilian illegal immigrant s sifting flour, kneading dough, hauling cartons and swabbing floors, opening the pizzeria early in the morning and closing late at night. As the occasion arose, Paolo worked as an armed burglar, a contract killer and a prodigious heroin courier. When smuggling heroin LiCastri would use roundabout routes on his delivery runs, making furtive entrances and exits while transporting the heroin in cardboard boxes or paper bags. He changed passports regularly and was an obscure figure that blended in anonymously with the community. He was skillful in subterfuge and martially disciplined. A Bonanno crime family soldier Anthony Mirra would later ... more details
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