frequency top to highest frequency bottom . f is the frequency in hertz Hz , meaning the number of cycles ... are reciprocal mathematics reciprocals . Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time . It is also referred to as temporal frequency . The period is the duration of one turn geometry cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal mathematics reciprocal of the frequency. For example, if a newborn baby s heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its ... processes, such as rotation , oscillation s, or wave s, frequency is defined as a number of cycles per unit time. In physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics , acoustics , and radio , frequency ... SI units, the unit of frequency is the hertz Hz , named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz ... by one cycle, and is the reciprocal mathematics reciprocal of the frequency f math T frac 1 f math ... than those above. The horizontal axis represents time. By counting Calculating the frequency of a repeating ... within 15 seconds the frequency is math f frac 71 15 , mbox sec approx 4.7 , mbox hertz , math If the number ... an average error in the calculated frequency of f 1 2 T sub m sub , or a fractional ... interval and f is the measured frequency. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem ... the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope . This is an intense repetitively flashing light strobe light whose frequency can be adjusted with a calibrated timing circuit. The strobe light is pointed at the rotating object and the frequency adjusted up and down. When the frequency of the strobe equals the frequency of the rotating or vibrating object, the object completes ... when illuminated by the strobe the object appears stationary. Then the frequency can be read from the calibrated ... multiple of the strobing frequency will also appear stationary. By frequency counter Higher frequencies are usually measured with a frequency counter . This is an electronic instrumentation electronic ... more details
Infobox musical artist name The Frequency image image size 220 caption From left to right Marc Cazorla, Alex Stiff background group or band origin Los Angeles , California , United States genre Indie rock , Electronica , Ambient music Ambient years active 2005 present label Ropeadope Records br Trussed website http www.thefrequencymusic.net Official Website current members Marc Cazorla br Alex Stiff br Mark Quinn The Frequency are an independent rock band from Los Angeles, CA. Marc Cazorla and Alex Stiff are the core songwriting and recording duo behind the music and use an array of analog and vintage instruments in creating sounds that have been described by NME as stripped back music strengthened by simplicity as much as beauty . Q Magazine has given the new release Morning to 3 A.M. 3 out of 4 stars and hails the band as able to form perfectly crafted Air like synth pop while also stretching their wings on the 17 minute ever shifting psych rock track Ego Is the Drug 3 A.M. The Frequency have recently signed a worldwide publishing deal with http www.chrysalismusic.co.uk Chrysalis Music in the UK and the song Jim Gordon Part II has been heard all over the globe due to being licensed for a yearlong BlackBerry television commercial campaign. Music from The Frequency can also be found ... Daily newspaper to declare The Frequency should be on every rock fan s radar. The Frequency s Jim Gordon ... Machine self release 2007 The Frequency EP Ropeadope Digital Compilations Explorations Classic Picante ... Free Download Oct 09 http www.nme.com reviews the frequency 10684 NME Review July 09 http www.dmcupdate.com ... External links http www.thefrequencymusic.net The Frequency s official website http www.myspace.com thefrequencymusic The Frequency s myspace http www.facebook.com pages The Frequency 5877798251?ref mf The Frequency on Facebook http www.twitter.com the frequency The Frequency on Twitter http absenceofgiants.com www.absenceofgiants.com DEFAULTSORT Frequency, The Category American indie rock groups ... more details
Normalized frequency can refer to Normalized frequency digital signal processing Normalized frequency fiber optics , also known as V number Disambig ... more details
Frequency conversion may refer to different processes affecting frequency of physical phenomena A frequency changer is an electronic device that converts alternating current AC of one frequency to alternating current of another frequency. A variable frequency drive is a type of frequency changer Frequency conversion in nonlinear optics may refer to various manipulations of the frequency of light. A Hetrodyne is used in signal electronics to convert frequencies. disambig ... more details
In telecommunication , frequency sharing is the assignment to or use of the same radio frequency by two or more stations that are separated geographically or that use the frequency at different times. Frequency sharing reduces the potential for mutual radio frequency interference interference where the assignment of different frequencies to each User telecommunications user is not practical or possible. In a communications net , frequency sharing does not pertain to stations that use the same frequency. References FS1037C Category Bandplans telecomm stub ar ... more details
Single frequency may refer to Single Frequency Approach , a service for a military single piloted turbojet aircraft to use a single UHF frequency during their landing approach Single frequency network , a broadcast network where several transmitters simultaneously send the same signal over the same frequency channel Single frequency signaling , line signaling in which dial pulses or supervisory signals are conveyed by a single voice frequency tone in each direction disambig ... more details
In the physical sciences and in telecommunication , the term frequency shift has the following meanings Any change in frequency A Doppler shift Any change in the frequency of a radio transmitter or electronic oscillator oscillator . Note In the radio regime, frequency shift is also called rf shift. Frequency shift telegraphy In Fax facsimile , a frequency modulation system where one frequency represents picture black and another frequency represents picture white . Frequencies between these two limits may represent shades of gray An intentional frequency change used for modulation purposes FS1037C MS188 disambig ... more details
wiktionary frequencyFrequency refers to how often an event occurs within a period of time. Frequency may also refer to tocright General Audio frequency , a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human Statistical frequency , the number of times an event occurred in an experiment or the study Utility frequency or mains frequency , the frequency of an alternating current electricity supply Frequency spectrum , a continuum of vibrations of varying amplitude such as sound or light Popular culture Frequency film Frequency film , a 2000 film starring Jim Caviezel and Dennis Quaid FM4 Frequency Festival , an Austrian music festival Frequency radio station Frequency radio station , a student radio station based in Preston, England Frequency video game Frequency video game , a 2001 music video game Frequency Nick Gilder album Frequency Nick Gilder album , 1979 Frequency IQ album Frequency IQ album , 2009 Frequencies album Frequencies album , a 1991 album by electronic band LFO Frequency , a song by Super Furry Animals from their album Love Kraft Frequency producer born 1983 , New York based music producer and DJ Medical Urinary frequency , a medical term used to describe the frequent passing of small amounts of urine See also Periodicity disambiguation disambiguation ca Freq ncia desambiguaci da Frekvens flertydig de Frequency fr Fr quence homonymie lt Da nis reik m s nl Frequency nn Frekvens pt Frequ ncia desambigua o sk Frekvencia ... more details
Transition frequency may refer to A measure of the Gain bandwidth product Transistors high frequency operating characteristics of a transistor, usually symbolized as math f sub T sub A characteristic of spectral line s The frequency at which changes in the hyperfine structure of atoms occur Turnover number Turnover frequency in enzymology disambig ... more details
Carrier frequency is a term used to designate The nominal frequency of a carrier wave The center frequency of a frequency modulation signal The frequency of the unmodulated electrical wave at the output of an amplitude modulated AM , frequency modulated FM or phase modulated PM transmitter The output of a transmitter when the modulation is zero The rate of occurrence within a population of a chromosome that causes a genetic disorder Category Telecommunications terms Category Modems disambig ... more details
The term, frequency dependence is applied, or referred to in the following articles In Chemical synapse ... succession a phenomenon that gives rise to the so called frequency dependence of synapses. Common source Usually the frequency dependence of the gain v D v G is unimportant for frequencies even somewhat above the corner frequency of the ... Dielectric frequency dependence of the susceptibility leads to frequency dependence of the permittivity. Dispersion optics discusses cases of frequency dependence ... to frequency dependence effects in wave propagation. Also, there are the overarching Kramers Kronig relations that connect the frequency dependence of propagation and attenuation Evolutionary invasion analysis incorporates the concept of frequency dependence from game theory but allows for more ... Kronig relation s, which place limitations upon the form of the frequency dependence. ... Electrical impedance myography phase can be plotted as a function of frequency to demonstrate the differences in frequency dependence between healthy and diseased groups. ... Frequency dependent selection ... on its frequency . Gain bandwidth product According to S. Srinivasan t he parameter characterizing the frequency ... coefficient, typically represented by an , has no wavelength or frequency dependence for the frequency range being worked in. Intrinsic viscosity section entitled Frequency dependence The intrinsic viscosity formula may also be generalized to include a frequency dependence. Metamaterial some properties of metamaterials are related to frequency dependence Miller effect accounts for the increase ... of the capacitance between the input and output terminals. Opacity optics More extreme frequency dependence is visible in the absorption line s of cold gases. Permittivity frequency dependence of the susceptibility leads to frequency dependence of the permittivity. Photon The model accounted for the frequency dependence of light s energy... Pole splitting is a phenomenon exploited in some forms of frequency ... more details
Frequency deviation f is used in Frequency modulation FM radio to describe the maximum instantaneous difference between an FM modulated frequency and the Center frequency nominal carrier frequency . The term is sometimes mistakenly used as synonymous with frequency drift , which is an unintended offset of an oscillator from its nominal frequency. The frequency deviation of a radio is of particular importance in relation to Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth , because less deviation means that more channels can fit into the same amount of frequency spectrum . The FM broadcasting range 88 108 MHz uses a channel spacing of 200 kHz, with a maximum frequency deviation of 75 kHz, leaving a 25 kHz buffer above the highest and below the lowest frequency to reduce interaction with other channels. ref http hyperphysics.phy astr.gsu.edu hbase audio radio.html ref AM broadcasting uses a channel spacing of 10 kHz, but with amplitude modulation frequency deviation is irrelevant. FM applications use peak deviations of 75 kHz 200 kHz spacing , 5 kHz 25 kHz spacing , 2.25 kHz 12.5 kHz spacing , and 2 kHz 8.33 kHz spacing . ref http www.rsgb spectrumforum.org.uk Papers VHF Davos 20C5 20Papers DV05 C5 17 20SARL 20NBFM.pdf ref See also Frequency modulation References FS1037C MS188 reflist Category Telecommunications it Deviazione di frequenza pl Dewiacja cz stotliwo ci ru ... more details
A frequency standard is a stable electronic oscillator oscillator used for frequency calibration or reference. A frequency standard generates a fundamental frequency with a high degree of accuracy and precision . Harmonics of this fundamental frequency are used to provide reference points. Since time is the reciprocal of frequency, it is relatively easy to derive a time standard from a frequency standard. A standard clock comprises a frequency standard, a device to count off the cycles of the oscillation emitted by the frequency standard, and a means of displaying or outputting the result. Frequency standards in a telecommunications network network or Telecommunications facility facility are sometimes administratively designated as primary or secondary . The terms primary and secondary , as used in this context, should not be confused with the respective technical meanings of these words in the discipline of precise time and frequency. Frequency reference A frequency reference is an instrument used for providing a stable frequency of some kind. There are different sorts of frequency references, acoustics acoustic ones such as tuning fork s but also electrical ones that emit a signal of a certain frequency a frequency standard . Among the most stable frequency references in the world are caesium standard s, including Caesium fountain caesium fountains , and hydrogen maser s. Caesium standards are widely recognized as having better long term stability, whereas hydrogen masers can attain superior short term performance therefore, several national Measurement standards laboratory standards laboratories use ensembles of caesium standards and hydrogen masers in order to combine the best attributes of both. The carrier of time signal transmitters, LORAN LORAN C transmitters and of several ... used as frequency standard. References FS1037C MS188 See also Rubidium standard DEFAULTSORT Frequency Standard Category Electronics standards de Normalfrequenz ru ... more details
Digital frequency is the analogue for discrete signal s as frequency is to continuous signal s. Since a discrete signal is a sequence merely a series of symbols typically, numbers it contains no direct information as to determine the frequency of the corresponding continuous signal. Just like in frequency , a digital frequency can have values in degree angle degree s or radian s. However, it is common to represent a digital frequency that has been normalized to either the Nyquist frequency or the sampling frequency . It is therefore very important to specify the frequency range. The following frequency ranges assume a signal has been properly sampled by satisfying the Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem . Each one of these could use a sample plot with the range clearly marked and using some easily understandable signal like a low pass filter Standard ranges The values of a valid signal is in the range of math left frac F s 2 , frac F s 2 right math hertz. Likewise for radians, values of digital frequency are in the range math left frac omega s 2 , frac omega s 2 right math radians. Normalized ranges The normalized hertz range is the hertz range divided by the sampling frequency. A valid signal is on math left frac 1 2 , frac 1 2 right math cycles per sample. Instead, the normalizing frequency could be the nyquist frequency, which puts a valid signal on math left 1, 1 right math cycles per sample. For radians, normalized frequencies are in the range math left pi, pi right math , equivalent to half a cycle per sample. Clearly a frequency of just 0.1 is insufficient to describe the true frequency of the discrete signal . To remove the ambiguity, it is necessary to specify the range and what normalization frequency was used if applicable . See also Continuous signal vs. Discrete signal Frequency Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem Whittaker Shannon interpolation formula Sample signal Sampling signal processing Sampling frequency Nyquist frequency References references Category ... more details
Image Bandwidth 2.svg 300px right thumb The frequency axis of this symbolic diagram may be linearly or logarithmically scaled. Except in special cases, the peak response will not align precisely with the center frequency. In electrical engineering and telecommunications , the center frequency of a filter or channel is a measure of a central frequency between the upper and lower cutoff frequency cutoff frequencies . It is usually defined as either the arithmetic mean or the geometric mean of the lower cutoff frequency and the upper cutoff frequency of a band pass filter band pass system or a band stop filter band stop system . Typically, the geometric mean is used in systems based on certain transformations of lowpass filter designs, where the frequency response is constructed to be symmetric on a logarithmic scale logarithmic frequency scale. ref cite book title CRC Handbook of Electrical Filters author John T. Taylor and Qiuting Huang publisher CRC Press isbn 0849389518 year 1997 url http books.google.com books?id HtyKSVF6zPsC&pg PA57&dq center frequency bandpass 22geometric mean 22 PPA57,M1 ref The geometric center frequency corresponds to a mapping of the DC response of the prototype lowpass filter, which is a resonant frequency sometimes equal to the peak frequency of such systems, for example as in a Butterworth filter . The arithmetic definition is used in more general situations, such as in describing passband telecommunication systems, where filters are not necessarily symmetric but are treated on a linear frequency scale for applications such as frequency division multiplexing . ref cite book title Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary author Julie K. Petersen isbn 084931349X year 2003 publisher CRC Press url http books.google.com books?id AcGFlqSqNEUC&pg PA100&dq center frequency bandpass 22arithmetic mean 22 fdm ref References reflist External links http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator geommean.htm Calculations and comparisons between the geometric mean and the arithmetic ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Mutation frequency refers to the number or frequency of cells with a specific mutation in a given population during a point in time. The phrase is often used in relation to drug resistance in bacteria l or Virus viral cultures. Mutation frequency is related to the concept of mutation rate . According to Genetics Analysis & Principles by Robert J. Brooker, mutation frequency is the number of mutant genes divided by the total number of genes within a population. Category Mutation Cell biology stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2011 Frequency drift is Quote text An undesired progressive change in frequency with time. Frequency drift can be caused by component aging and environmental changes. Frequency drift may be in either direction higher or lower frequency and is not necessarily linear. ref name NIST cite web url http tf.nist.gov general enc f.htm frequencydrift title Frequency Drift work Time and Frequency from A to Z publisher National Institute of Standards and Technology location Boulder, CO, USA accessdate December 8, 2011 PD USGov ref In electrical engineering , and particularly in telecommunications , frequency drift is an unintended and generally arbitrary offset of an oscillator from its Real versus nominal value nominal frequency . Causes may include changes in temperature , which can alter the piezoelectric effect in a quartz crystal , or problems with a voltage regulator which controls the bias voltage to the oscillator. It is traditionally measured in Hz s. On a radio transmitter , frequency drift can cause a radio station to drift into an adjacent channel , causing illegal Adjacent channel interference interference . Because of this, Frequency allocation regulations specify the allowed tolerance engineering tolerance for such oscillators in a type acceptance type accepted device. A temperature compensation engineering compensate d, voltage controlled crystal oscillator TCVCXO is normally used for frequency modulation . On the receiver radio receiver side, frequency drift was mainly a problem in early Tuner electronics tuner s, particularly for analog signal analog dial radio tuning tuning , and especially on FM, which exhibits a capture effect . However, the use ... shift , which is a perceived difference in frequency due to motion of the source or receiver, even though the source is still producing the same wavelength . It also differs from frequency deviation , which ... DEFAULTSORT Frequency Drift Category Communication circuits Category Broadcast engineering Electronics ... more details
In electronics , a frequency multiplier is an electronic circuit that generates an output Signal electronics signal whose output frequency is a harmonic multiple of its input frequency. Frequency multipliers ... frequency and removes the unwanted fundamental and other harmonics from the output. Frequency multipliers are often used in frequency synthesizer s and communications engineering communications circuits. It can be more economic to develop a lower frequency signal with lower power and less expensive devices, and then use a frequency multiplier chain to generate an output frequency in the microwave or millimeter wave range. Some modulation schemes, such as frequency modulation , survive the nonlinear distortion without ill effect but schemes such as amplitude modulation do not . Frequency multiplication ... harmonics of laser light. Theory A pure sinewave at frequency f has no harmonics. If it goes through ... frequency of 1 to 2 GHz and produce outputs up to 18 GHz. ref For example, the old Hewlett Packard 83590A. ref Sometimes the frequency multiplier circuit will adjust the width of the impulses ... Before amplifiers, frequency multipliers were the way to generate radio frequencies. Spark gap transmitter ... any power. A clever design can use the nonlinear Class C amplifier for both gain and as a frequency .... Penfield. Frequency multipliers have much in common with frequency mixer s, and some of the same ... to a multiple of the input frequency. Usually the power gain produced by the nonlinear device drops off rapidly at the higher harmonics, so most frequency multipliers just double or triple the frequency ... Frequency multipliers use circuits tuned to a harmonic of the input frequency. Non linear elements ... in the harmonics declines rapidly, usually a frequency multiplier is tuned to only a small multiple twice, three times, or five times of the input frequency. Usually amplifier s are inserted in a chain of frequency multipliers to ensure adequate signal level at the final frequency. Since the tuned ... more details
A frequency comb is the graphic representation of the spectrum of a modelocking mode locked laser . An octave spanning comb can be used for mapping radio frequencies into the optical frequency range or it can ... feedback loop. It should not be confused with mono mode laser frequency stabilization as mode locking ... at intervals of T . Frequency comb generation modelocking Modelock ed lasers produce a series of optical ... trip time of the laser. This series of sharp spectral lines is called a frequency comb or a frequency ... a frequency comb. These are produced for electronic sampling oscilloscopes , but also used for frequency ... the tricks which make up the rest of this article. Frequency comb widening to one octave To be usable, the comb must be widened to at least an Octave electronics octave that is, the highest frequency must be at least double the lowest frequency. One of three techniques may be used supercontinuum ... sum frequency generation and difference frequency generation the spectrum of first ... from a harmonic of the repetition rate by the carrier envelope offset frequency. The carrier envelope offset frequency is the rate at which the peak of the carrier frequency slips from the peak of the pulse envelope on a pulse to pulse basis. Measurement of the carrier envelope offset frequency ... is compared to its harmonic. In the frequency 2 frequency technique, light at the lower energy side ... of the spectrum. This beat frequency, detectable with a photodiode , is the carrier envelope offset frequency. Alternatively, from light at the higher energy side of the broadened spectrum the frequency ... frequency, detectable with a photodiode , is the carrier envelope offset frequency. Because the Phase detector phase is measured directly and not the frequency, it is possible to set the frequency to zero ... rate and carrier envelope offset frequency would be free to drift. They vary with changes in the cavity ... envelope offset frequency can be controlled by tilting the high reflector mirror at the end of the prism ... more details
In telecommunication , the term critical frequency has the following meanings In radio radio propagation propagation by way of the ionosphere , the limiting frequency at or below which a wave component is reflected by, and above which it penetrates through, an ionospheric layer . At vertical incidence, the limiting frequency at or below which incidence, the wave component is reflected by, and above which it penetrates through, an ionospheric layer. Critical Frequency changes with time of day, atmospheric conditions and angle of fire of the radio waves by antenna. The existence of the critical frequency is the result of electron limitation, i.e., the inadequacy of the existing number of free electrons to support Reflection electrical reflection at higher frequencies. In signal processing the critical frequency it is also another name for the Nyquist frequency . References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications telecomm stub Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrates the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere. It is denoted by fc . Its value is not fixed and it depends upon electron density of ionosphere. ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 In statistics , a frequency distribution is an arrangement of the values that one or more variables take in a Sampling statistics sample . Each entry in the table contains the frequency statistics frequency or count of the occurrences of values within a particular group or interval, and in this way, the table summarizes the statistical distribution distribution of values in the sample. Univariate frequency tables Univariate frequency distributions are often presented as lists ... strong agreement and 5 strong disagreement, the frequency distribution of their responses might ... of the students in a class could be organized into the following frequency table. class wikitable ... 35 60 5.5 6 feet 20 80 6.0 6.5 feet 20 100 A frequency distribution shows us a summarized grouping of data ... that can be used with frequency distributions are histograms, line graphs, bar charts and pie charts. Frequency distributions are used for both qualitative and quantitative data. Joint frequency distributions Bivariate joint frequency distributions are often presented as two way contingency ... Joint frequency Joint frequency ref Applications Managing and operating on frequency tabulated ... of differences and similarities between frequency distributions. This assessment involves measures ... of variability or statistical dispersion , such as the standard deviation or variance . A frequency ... of a frequency distribution is the concentration of scores at the mean, or how peaked the distribution .... Letter frequency distributions are also used in frequency analysis cryptanalysis frequency analysis to crack codes and are referred to the relative frequency of letters in different languages. Notes references See also Portal Statistics Cross tabulation Cumulative frequency Statistics DEFAULTSORT Frequency Distribution Category Summary statistics ca Taula de freq ncies de H ufigkeitsverteilung ... ja pt Distribui o de frequ ncias simple Frequency distribution tr S kl k da l m ... more details
Frequency Coordination is a technical and regulatory process which is intended to remove or mitigate radio frequency Co channel interference interference between different radio systems which utilize the same operational frequency . Normally frequency coordination is undertaken by administrations i.e. national governmental spectrum regulators as part of a formal regulatory process under the procedures of the Radio Regulations an intergovernmental treaty text regulating the use and sharing of the radio frequency spectrum . ref http www.itu.int International Telecommunication Union Bot generated title ref Before an administration allows an operator to commence operation of a new radiocommunications network it must in principle undergo coordination. This involves the following steps Inform other operators about the plans Receive comments if appropriate Conduct technical discussions with priority networks Agree technical and operational parameters Gain international recognition and protection on the Master International Frequency Register Bring the network into use Coordination thus ensures All administrations know the technical plans of other administrations All operators satellite and terrestrial have the opportunity to determine if unacceptable interference is likely to be caused to their existing ... provided the FCC with the authority to use frequency coordinators Assist in developing and managing ... Safety frequency coordination AASHTO ref http aashto.radiosoft.com Frequency Coordinator ref APCO ref http www.apco911.org Frequency Coordinator ref FCCA ref http www.fcca.info Frequency Coordinator ref IMSA ref http www.imsasafety.org Frequency Coordinator ref For Business and special emergency AAA ref http aaa.radiosoft.com Frequency Coordinator ref AAR ref http www.aar.com aar rf.php Frequency Coordinator ref EWA ref http www.ita relay.com Frequency Coordinator ref FIT ref http www.fcclicense.com Frequency Coordinator ref UTC ref http utc.org utc utc spectrum services Frequency Coordinator ... more details
and applications for 6.1 Meter Control Stations. There are different frequency coordinators authorized ... may use any frequency coordinator. For frequencies below 470 MHz and above 512 MHz, applicants must choose a frequency coordinator as specified below. List of coordinators Missing information non contentious other frequency coordinators certified by the FCC list date October 2010 Public Safety IMSA ref http www.imsasafety.org Frequency Coordinator ref Business and special emergency ... more details
In telecommunication , the term frequency frogging has the following meanings The interchanging of the frequencies of carrier wave carrier channels to accomplish specific purposes, such as to prevent feedback and oscillation, to reduce crosstalk , and to correct for a high frequency response slope in the transmission line . In microwave radio relay systems, the alternate use of two frequencies at repeater sites to prevent feedback and oscillation. Note Frequency frogging is accomplished by having modulator s, which are integrated into specially designed repeater s, translate a low frequency group delay group to a high frequency group, and vice versa. A channel communications channel will appear in the low group for one repeater section and will then be translated to the high group for the next section because of frequency frogging. This results in nearly constant attenuation with frequency over two successive repeater sections, and eliminates the need for large slope equalization and adjustments. Singing telecommunication Singing and crosstalk are minimized because the high level output of a repeater is at a different frequency than the low level input to other repeaters. It also diminishes group delay distortion. A repeater that receives on the high band from both direction and sends on the low band is called Hi Lo the other kind Lo Hi. References FS1037C MS188 Category Communication circuits ... more details
Each bulleted entry should have only one navigable blue link. Do not wikilink any other words in the line , per Wikipedia Manual of Style disambiguation pages Cumulative frequency may refer to Cumulative distribution function Cumulative frequency analysis disambig ... more details
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