For the PHP object relational mapping framework Doctrine PHP Refimprove date May 2008 Wiktionary Doctrine ... . ref http www.wordiq.com definition Doctrine ref Often doctrine specifically connotes a Wikt corpus corpus of religious dogma as it is promulgated by a church, but not necessarily doctrine is also ... decisions, such as the doctrine of self defense , or the principle of fair use , or the more narrowly applicable first sale doctrine . In some organizations, doctrine is simply defined as that which ... include Christian Trinity and Virgin Birth Christian doctrine Virgin birth Roman Catholic Transubstantiation ... Grace Hinduism The Doctrine of epoch or Yuga Jainism The Doctrine of Postulation or Sy dv da One department of the Roman Curia is called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith . ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 167462 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ref ref http ... example is Military doctrine tactical doctrine in which a standard set of maneuvers, kinds of troops and weapons are employed as a default approach to a kind of attack. Examples of military doctrine ... 19th up to mid 20th century Manhunt military Manhunting doctrine , or assured individual destruction Reagan Doctrine of the Cold War Shock and Awe Soviet deep battle of World War II Trench warfare of World War I Almost every military organization has its own doctrine, sometimes written, sometimes ... Capstone Doctrine ref http pbpu.unlb.org pbps Library Capstone Doctrine ENG.pdf Capstone Doctrine ... 1 ref Legal usage A legal doctrine is a body of inter related rules usually of common law and built over a long period of time associated with a legal concept or principle. For example the doctrine ... be contained within a bubble of frustration . In a court session a defendant may refer to the doctrine ... contain various rules or tests . The test of non occurrence of crucial event is part of the doctrine .... See also Hallstein Doctrine Monroe Doctrine Doxa References reflist External links Wiktionary wikiquote ... more details
The phrase merger doctrine or doctrine of merger may refer to one of several legal doctrines Merger doctrine antitrust law Merger doctrine civil procedure Merger doctrine copyright law The merger doctrine in criminal law of lesser included offense s Merger doctrine family law Merger doctrine property law Merger doctrine trust law disambig Category Legal doctrines and principles ... more details
see also Predestination Calvinism Doctrine of Election , the doctrine that the salvation of a man depends on the election of God for that end, of which there are two chief phases one is election to be Christ s, or unconditional election or Doctrine of Free Will , and the other that it is election in Christ, or conditional election. In its proper theology theological sense, the Doctrine of Election is monergism monergistic as opposed to synergism synergistic . Nuttall Christian theology stub Category Christian theology ... more details
Dablink For the rule of evidence in law, see doctrine of chances . italic title File Abraham de Moivre Doctrine of Chance 1718.gif thumb right Front page of the 1st edition of the Doctrine of Chances . The Doctrine of Chances was the first textbook on probability theory , written by 18th century French mathematician Abraham de Moivre and first published in 1718. ref name schneider citation title Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640 1940 editor first I. editor last Grattan Guinness first Ivor last Schneider editor link Ivor Grattan Guinness contribution Abraham De Moivre, The Doctrine of Chances 1718, 1738, 1756 year 2005 isbn 0444508716 page 105 120 publisher Elsevier location Amsterdam . ref De Moivre wrote in English because he resided in England at the time, having fled France to escape the persecution of Huguenots . The book s title came to be synonymous with probability theory , and accordingly the phrase was used in Thomas Bayes famous posthumous paper An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances , wherein a version of Bayes theorem was first introduced. Editions The full title of the first edition was The doctrine of chances or, a method for calculating the probabilities of events in play it was published in 1718, by W. Pearson, and ran for 175 pages. Published in 1738 by Woodfall and running for 258 pages, the second edition of de Moivre s book ... reflist Additional reading citation first Anders last Hald contribution De Moivre and the Doctrine ... edition of The Doctrine of Chances. http books.google.com books?id 3EPac6QpbuMC Full text of The Doctrine ... The Doctrine of Chance at MathPages Category Mathematics books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1718 books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1738 books Doctrine of Chances 2nd edition , The Category Statistics books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1710s in science Category 1718 in science es The Doctrine of Chances nl The Doctrine of Chances ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 Claflin doctrine is a U.S. law doctrine which states that the trust cannot be modified or terminated, even if all beneficiaries agree, if to do so would be contrary to a material purpose of the settlor. Material purposes include spendthrift, support, and discretionary trusts. Category United States law ... more details
See also DataEase , whose query language is also called DQL. Infobox Software logo Image Doctrine logo white.png name Doctrine latest release version 2.1.2 latest release date release date 2011 08 29 operating ... project.org Doctrine is an Object relational mapping object relational mapper ORM for PHP that provides ... on top of a DBAL database abstraction layer . One of Doctrine s key features is the option to write database queries in a proprietary object oriented SQL dialect called Doctrine Query Language DQL . Usage demonstration Doctrine 1.x follows the active record pattern for working with data, where a Class ... improve the ease of maintenance of the software project. In Doctrine 2.x, the latest release of Doctrine ... Image doctrine layers.jpg thumb 250px Media doctrine layers.jpg Overview of Doctrine One feature of Doctrine is the low level of configuration that is needed to start a project. Doctrine can generate ... database schemas, as seen in many other frameworks. Another key feature of Doctrine is the ability to optionally ... called DQL Doctrine Query Language inspired by Hibernate Java Hibernate s Hibernate Query Language HQL . Alternately, the tt QueryBuilder tt class tt Doctrine Query tt in Doctrine 1.x allows one to construct ... requiring any code duplication. Writing queries explicitly however is not always necessary, as Doctrine ... constructed without writing queries. Other notable features of Doctrine are support for hierarchical .... History Doctrine was started by Konsta Vesterinen , also known as zYne . The project s initial commit ... of Code project. Doctrine 1.0.0 was released on September 1, 2008. ref http www.doctrine project.org blog doctrine 1 0 released Doctrine 1.0.0 released ref The first stable version of Doctrine 2.0 was released ... http www.doctrine project.org blog doctrine2 released ref Influences Doctrine has been influenced ... language Ruby languages. The purpose of the Doctrine project is to build an equally powerful ... of Doctrine commonly associate. The channel is on the freenode network irc.freenode.net the channel ... more details
The Johnson Doctrine , enunciated by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson after the United States intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1965, declared that domestic revolution in the Western Hemisphere would no longer be a local matter when the object is the establishment of a Communist dictatorship . It is an extension of the Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower and Kennedy Doctrine s. See also Monroe Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine References Unreferenced date September 2008 Further reading Meiert ns, Heiko 2010 The Doctrines of US Security Policy An Evaluation under International Law , Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521766487. US poli stub Template group list Cold War Foreign relations of the United States expanded DPC Category Foreign policy doctrines of the United States Category Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson Category 1965 in the United States Category 1965 in international relations cs Johnsonova doktr na fr Doctrine Johnson it Dottrina Johnson hu Johnson doktr na pt Doutrina Johnson ru sk Johnsonova doktr na fi Johnson oppi uk zh ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 lead too short December 2009 Prime Minister of Israel Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin enunciated what came to be known as the Begin doctrine On no account shall we permit an enemy to develop weapons of mass destruction WMD against the people of Israel . This doctrine has been used by Israeli politicians to justify a possible attack on Iran s project to develop a nuclear facility. Begin formed the doctrine to justify the Israeli attack on the Iraq i nuclear reactor Osirak in Operation Opera in 1981. Category Foreign policy doctrines Category 1981 in Israel Category 1981 in international relations Israel stub ... more details
dablink Principle of law redirects here. For other uses, see law principle . A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established through precedent in the common law , through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. A doctrine comes about when a judge makes a ruling where a process is outlined and applied, and allows for it to be equally applied to like cases. When enough judges make use of the process soon enough it becomes established as the de facto method of deciding like situations. See also Constitutionalism Constitutional economics Rule according to higher law External links Emerson H. Tiller and Frank B. Cross, http www.law.northwestern.edu lawreview v100 n1 517 LR100n1Tiller Cross.pdf What is Legal Doctrine? , Northwestern University Law Review , Vol. 100 1, 2006. DEFAULTSORT Legal Doctrine Category Legal doctrines and principles Law stub bg ru ... more details
Development of doctrine is a term used by John Henry Newman and other theologians influenced by him to describe the way Catholic Church Catholic teaching has become more detailed and explicit over the centuries, while later statements of doctrine remain consistent with earlier statements. Newman s book The term was introduced in Newman s 1845 book An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine . Newman used the idea of development of doctrine to defend Catholic teaching from attacks by some Church of England Anglicans and other Protestant s, who saw certain elements in Catholic teaching as corruptions or innovations. He relied on an extensive study of early Church Fathers in tracing the elaboration or development of doctrine which he argued was in some way implicitly present in the Divine Revelation in Sacred Scripture and Tradition which was present from the beginnings of the Church. He argued that various Catholic doctrines not accepted by Protestants such as devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary , or Purgatory had a developmental history analogous to doctrines that were accepted by Protestants such as the Trinity or the divinity and humanity of Christ . Such developments were, in his view, the natural and beneficial consequences of reason working on the original revealed truth to draw out consequences that were not obvious at first. As distinct from evolution of dogmas There is a more radical understanding of development of doctrine that is known as evolution of dogmas . This view, mixed in with philosophical currents such as vitalism , immanentism and historicism , was at the heart of the Modernism Roman Catholicism modernist controversy during the papacy of Pius X , and was condemned in the encyclical Pascendi . Although modernist intellectualism intellectuals such as George ..., their goal was not so much to understand the ancient roots of Church doctrine but to make it evolve ... Doctrine . 1845, revised 1878 Category Catholic theology and doctrine RC stub eo Eseo pli la ... more details
The Calvo Doctrine is a foreign policy doctrine which holds that jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the country in which the investment is located. The Calvo Doctrine thus proposed to prohibit diplomatic protection or armed intervention before local resources were exhausted. An investor, under this doctrine, has no recourse but to use the local court s, rather than those of their home country. As a policy prescription, Calvo Doctrine is an expression a legal nationalism. The principle, named after Carlos Calvo historian Carlos Calvo , an Argentina Argentine jurist , has been applied throughout Latin America and other areas of the world. The doctrine arose from Calvos s ideas, expressed in his Derecho internacional te rico y pr ctico de Europa y Am rica Paris , 1868 greatly expanded in subsequent editions, which were published in French language French . Calvo justified his doctrine as necessary to prevent the abuse of the jurisdiction of weak nations by more powerful nations. It has since been incorporated as a part of several Latin American constitution s, as well as many other treaty treaties , statute s, and contract s. The doctrine is used chiefly in concession contract concession contracts , the clause attempting to give local courts final jurisdiction and to obviate any appeal to diplomatic intervention. The Drago Doctrine is a narrower application of Calvo s wider principle. See also diplomatic protection International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSID References http www.bartleby.com 65 ca Calvo Ca.html Entry on Carlos Calvo from the Columbia Encyclopedia 6th Ed. http www.tradeport.org library c.html Tradeport Glossary of Trade & Shipping Terms http cyberspacei.com jesusi peace nobel institute of international law.htm Category Foreign policy doctrines ka sr Kalvo klauzula ... more details
Image The Doctrine of Awakening Cover.jpg thumb 210px The Doctrine of Awakening The Attainment of Self Mastery According to the Earliest Buddhist Texts is a book by philosopher and racial theorist Julius Evola . First published in Italian language Italian as La dottrina del risveglio in 1943. It was translated into English language English in 1948 by Nanavira Thera H.E. Musson , and republished in 1997 ISBN 0 89281 553 1 . Table of Contents Translator s Foreword Preface Introduction Part I Principles 1. Varieties of Ascesis 2. The Aryan ness of the Doctrine of Awakening 3. The Historical Context of the Doctrine of Awakening 4. Destruction of the Demon of Dialectics 5. The Flame and Samsara Samsaric Consciousness 6. Conditioned Genesis 7. Determination of the Vocations Part II Practice 8. The Qualities of the Combatant and the Departure 9. Defense and Consolidation 10. Rightness 11. Sidereal Awareness The Wounds Close 12. The Four Jhana The Irradiant Contemplations 13. The States Free from Form and the Extinction 14. Discrimination Between the Powers 15. Phenomenology philosophy Phenomenology of the Great Liberation 16. Signs of the Nonpareil 17. The Void If the Mind Does Not Break 18. Up to Zen 19. The Ariya Are Still Gathered on the Vulture s Peak Index External links http ccbs.ntu.edu.tw FULLTEXT JR EPT richard.htm Review of The Doctrine of Awakening by Richard Smoley in Parabola magazine Parabola magazine . http www.innertraditions.com isbn 0 89281 553 1 Publisher s blurb for The Doctrine of Awakening by Inner Traditions http www.stephenbatchelor.org existence2.html Discussion on The Doctrine of Awakening s translator Captain Nanavira Thera Harold Musson footer Works by Julius Evola DEFAULTSORT Doctrine Of Awakening Category Works by Julius Evola Category 1943 books Category Buddhism studies books reli book stub ... more details
Multiple issues context October 2009 orphan March 2007 unreferenced March 2007 The doctrine of indivisibility or indivisibility doctrine was a legal doctrine in United States copyright law , which held that a copyright was a single, indivisible right that its owner could only Assignment law assign as a whole. The doctrine was founded upon the policy concern that a defendant alleged to have infringed a single work might find himself facing claims from multiple plaintiff s, all claiming copyright in that same work. Despite the indivisibility doctrine, a copyright holder could still effectively assign certain rights. The assignees of those rights were held to be mere licensees. The result of the doctrine could yield a harsh result for an exclusive licensee in a work. If a third party Copyright infringement infringed the work, the copyright holder had no motivation to file suit the work was no longer marketable. So courts allowed exclusive licensees to compulsively join the copyright holder as a plaintiff in such suits. Non exclusive licensees could not forcefully join copyright holders, on the theory that in those cases, the work was still marketable and the copyright holder therefore had an interest in protecting his rights. In the case Dark Passage Goodis v. United Artists Television, Inc. , 425 Federal Reporter F.2d 397, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that the doctrine of indivisibility could not operate to wholly deprive an author of his copyright when a mere licensee secured a copyright in a collective work but the author never secured a separate copyright on his own. The doctrine of indivisibility was expressly eliminated in the Copyright Act of 1976 . Assignees of rights in a copyrighted work now have standing to directly file suit against infringers. Category United States copyright law Category Legal doctrines and principles US law stub ... more details
Princely States topics The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised see below about Kittur by James Andrew Broun Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie Lord Dalhousie , who was the Governor General for the British in India between 1848 and 1856. According to the Doctrine, any principality princely state or territory under the direct influence paramountcy of the British East India Company the dominant imperialism imperial power in the Indian subcontinent subcontinent , as a vassal state under the British Subsidiary System, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either manifestly incompetent or died without a direct heir . ref name keay John Keay Keay, John . India A History . Grove Press Books, distributed by Publishers Group West. United States 2000 ISBN 0 8021 3797 0, p. 433. ref The latter supplanted the long established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor. In addition, the British decided whether potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its application were widely regarded by Indians as illegitimate. At the time of its adoption, the Company had absolute, imperial administrative jurisdiction over many regions spread over the subcontinent. The company took over the princely states of Satara 1848 , Jaipur and Sambalpur 1849 , Nagpur and Jhansi 1854 and Awadh Oudh 1856 using this Doctrine. The Company added about four million pounds sterling to its annual revenue by use of this doctrine. ref name wolpert Wolpert ... India Company, renounced the doctrine. ref Wolpert 1989 , p. 240. ref The princely state of Kittur was taken over by the East India Company in 1824 by imposing a Doctrine Of Lapse . So it is debatable ... by putting it to paper and ink. Dalhousie s annexations and the doctrine of lapse had caused suspicion ... British Raj Category Indian Rebellion of 1857 de Doctrine of Lapse it Dottrina della decadenza ml sv Doctrine of lapse ... more details
The Drago Doctrine was announced in 1902 by the Argentina Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs Luis Mar a Drago . Extending the Monroe Doctrine , it set forth the policy that no foreign power, including the United States , could use force against an Americas American nation to collect debt . It was supplanted in 1904 by the Roosevelt Corollary . It grew from the ideas expressed by Carlos Calvo historian Carlos Calvo in Derecho internacional te rico y pr ctico de Europa y Am rica , commonly known as the Calvo Doctrine . The Calvo Doctrine proposed to prohibit diplomatic intervention before local resources were exhausted. The Drago Doctrine itself was a response to the actions of Britain, Germany, and Italy, who had blockaded and shelled ports in response to Venezuela s massive debt, acquired under president Cipriano Castro . A modified version by Horace Porter was adopted at the Hague in 1907, adding that arbitration and litigation should always be used first. ref cite web url http www.bartleby.com 65 ca Calvo Ca.html title Columbia Encyclopedia article on the Calvo Doctrine publisher bartleby.com accessdate 9 April 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.bartleby.com 65 dr Drago Lu.html title Columbia Encyclopedia article on Luis Mar a Drago publisher bartleby.com accessdate 9 April 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.encyclopedia.com html D Drago L1u.asp title Encyclopedia.com article on Luis Mar a Drago publisher Encyclopedia.com accessdate 9 April 2011 ref References reflist Category Foreign policy doctrines Category 1902 in law Category Political history of Argentina Category History of Argentina 1880 1916 Category 1902 in international relations Category Politics of Venezuela Category 1902 in Venezuela Category 1902 in South America poli stub Argentina hist stub cs Dragova doktr na es Doctrina Drago fr Doctrine Drago pt Doutrina Drago sr tr Drago Doktrini ... more details
Italicstitle The Doctrine of Addai is a controversial book about Saint Addai . The story of how Abgar V of Edessa King Abgar and Jesus had corresponded was first recounted in the 4th century by the church historian Eusebius of Caesarea in his Church History Eusebius Ecclesiastical History i.13 and iii.1 and it was retold in elaborated form by Ephrem the Syrian . In the origin of the legend, Eusebius had been shown documents purporting to contain the official correspondence that passed between Abgar and Jesus, and he was well enough convinced by their authenticity to quote them extensively in his ecclesiastical history. By the time the legend had returned to Syria , the purported site of the miraculous image, it had been embroidered into a tissue of miraculous happenings Bauer 1971, ch. i the Doctrine of Addai is full of miracles. Some people consider it to be filled with anti semitism in the story of Protonice consort of Claudius, searching for the Cross, and Golgotha and the Holy Sepuchre, all of them in possession of the Jews. See also Holy Qurbana of Addai and Mari Early centers of Christianity External links http www.newadvent.org cathen 01042c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia Legend of Abgar http www.apostle1.com doctrine addai syriac orthodox1.htm Doctrine of Addai text, in English http www.newadvent.org cathen 05088a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia Doctrine of Addai http www.ccel.org p pearse morefathers addai 2 text.htm THE DOCTRINE OF ADDAI, THE APOSTLE, BY GEORGE PHILLIPS, D.D., PRESIDENT OF QUEENS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. London TR BNER & CO., LUDGATE HILL. 1876 http syrcom.cua.edu Hugoye Vol6No2 HV6N2Griffith.html The Doctrina Addai as a Paradigm of Christian Thought in Edessa in the Fifth Century, by Sidney H. Griffith, Institute of Christian Oriental Research, Catholic University of America http syrcom.cua.edu hugoye Vol9No1 HV9N1Ramelli.html Possible historical traces in the Doctrina ... Bauer bauer01.htm FN1 On line text Category Syriac literature Addai, Doctrine of Category Christian ... more details
The Clinton Doctrine is not a clear statement in the way that many other United States Presidential doctrines were. However, in a February 26, 1999, speech, President Bill Clinton said the following, which was generally considered to summarize the Clinton Doctrine ref cite web author Michael T. Klare url http www.thenation.com doc 19990419 klare title The Clinton Doctrine date 1999 04 19 accessdate 2008 09 16 publisher The Nation Dead link date September 2010 bot H3llBot ref It s easy ... to say that we really have no interests in who lives in this or that valley in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia , or who owns a strip of brushland in the Horn of Africa , or some piece of parched earth by the Jordan River . But the true measure of our interests lies not in how small or distant these places are, or in whether we have trouble pronouncing their names. The question we must ask is, what are the consequences to our security of letting conflicts fester and spread. We cannot, indeed, we should not, do everything or be everywhere. But where our values and our interests are at stake, and where we can make a difference, we must be prepared to do so. Clinton later made statements that augmented the doctrine of Interventionism politics interventionism Genocide is in and of itself a national interest where we should act and we can say to the people of the world, whether you live in Africa , or Central Europe , or any other place, if somebody comes after innocent civilians and tries to kill them en masse because of their race, their ethnic background or their religion, and it s within our power to stop it, we will stop it. The Clinton Doctrine was used to justify the American involvement in the Yugoslav Wars . President Clinton was criticized for not intervening to stop the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Other observers viewed Operation Gothic Serpent in Somalia as a mistake. See also Obama Doctrine 2009 Bush Doctrine 2001 2009 . Reagan Doctrine 1981 1989 . Carter Doctrine 1977 1981 . References ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 The Rumsfeld Doctrine , named after former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , is a neologism created by journalists Fact date September 2008 concerned with the perceived transformation of the military of the United States . It would be considered Rumsfeld s own take on RMA Revolution in Military Affairs . It seeks to increase force readiness and decrease the amount of supply required to maintain forces, by reducing the number in a theater. This is done mainly by using LAVs LAV Light Armoured Vehicles to scout for enemies who are then destroyed via airstrike s. The basic tenets of this military strategy are High technology combat systems Reliance on air forces Small, nimble ground forces. Afghanistan and the Iraq wars are considered the two closest implementations of this doctrine. Opposition Opponents argue that the doctrine entails a heavy reliance on air strikes to replace a lack of ground forces. Beginning with Saddam Hussein , there were at least 50 air strikes aimed at decapitating the Iraqi leadership. Not a single one was successful. However, there were extensive civilian casualties. ref http www.hrw.org reports 2003 usa1203 ref Opponents also claim that without ground troops to secure the border, top Baath Party Ba athist regime members fled the country with vast Iraqi funds and foreign Iraqi insurgency insurgents moved into the country. There were not enough troops to defend the Iraqi border from foreign backed insurgents. They also claim that without sufficient troops the country could not be pacified. Without sufficient ... device IED s. Thomas L. Friedman of the New York Times has referred to the Rumsfeld Doctrine ... in Iraq , the influence of the Rumsfeld Doctrine seems to be declining. See also Powell Doctrine Revolution ... magazine content 04 17 b3880048.htm Bruce Nussbaum Criticism of Rumsfeld Doctrine http ... 2520Doctrine.doc 22Rumsfeld Doctrine 22&hl en Greg Jaffe Take on the Rumsfeld Doctrine ... more details
The Fairness Doctrine was a policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission FCC , introduced ... and balanced. The FCC decided to eliminate the Doctrine in 1987, and in August 2011 the FCC formally removed the language that implemented the Doctrine. ref name Finally cite web last Boliek first Brooks title FCC finally kills off fairness doctrine url http www.politico.com news stories 0811 61851.html work POLITICO date August 22, 2011 ref The Fairness Doctrine had two basic elements It required .... The doctrine did not require equal time for opposing views but required that contrasting viewpoints be presented. ref cite news last Rendall first Steve coauthors title The Fairness Doctrine How ... The main agenda for the doctrine was to ensure that viewers were exposed to a diversity of viewpoints ... right to enforce the Fairness Doctrine where channels were limited. But the courts did not rule that the FCC ... a need for the Doctrine. However, the proliferation of cable television, multiple channels within .... The Fairness Doctrine should not be confused with the Equal time rule Equal Time rule. The Fairness Doctrine deals with discussion of controversial issues, while the Equal Time rule deals only with political ... Doctrine. It established two forms of regulation on broadcasters to provide adequate coverage of public ... , The Federal Communications Commission, the broadcast industry, and the fairness doctrine 1981 1987 ... time to issue oriented citizens. Broadcasters could therefore trigger Fairness Doctrine complaints without editorializing. The commission required neither of the Fairness Doctrine s obligations before ... Press ref ref Report on Editorializing by Broadcast Licensees, 13 F.C.C. 1246 1949 ref The doctrine ... provisions of the doctrine were incorporated into FCC regulations. ref Donald P. Mullally, The Fairness Doctrine Benefits and Costs , The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4 Winter, 1969 1970 , p. 577 ref Application of the Doctrine by the FCC In 1974, the Federal Communications Commission stated ... more details
Military doctrine is the concise expression of how military forces contribute to Military campaign campaign ... engagement s. It is a guide to action, not hard and fast rules. Doctrine provides a common frame ... common ways of accomplishing military tasks. Doctrine links theory, history, experimentation, and practice. Its objective is to foster initiative and creative thinking. Doctrine provides the military ... lexicon for use by military planners and leaders. Defining doctrine NATO s definition of doctrine ... Military doctrine is a formal expression of military knowledge and thought, that the army accepts ... Air University staff study in 1948 defined military doctrine functionally as those concepts, principles ..., 13 July 1948, quoted in Futrell, Robert Frank. Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine Basic Thinking in the United ... definition of doctrine as the central idea of an army . ref Gary Sheffield, Doctrine & Command in the British Army, A Historical Overview, Army Doctrine Publication Land Operations, DGD&D, British Army , May 2005, p.165 ref The Soviet Dictionary of Basic Military Terms defined military doctrine ... and the use of the armed forces in them... Military doctrine has two aspects social political and military technical. ref Moscow Voenizdat, 1965, quoted in William Odom , Soviet Military Doctrine, Foreign .... NATO s capstone doctrine Development of doctrine Before the development of separate doctrinal publications ... of military doctrine in France came about in the aftermath of the nation s defeat during ... Foch , began developing a consistent doctrine for handling armies, corps, and divisions. Foch ... this doctrine. Prussia and German Empire Prussian doctrine was published as Regulations for the Instruction ..., 1870 . The doctrine was revised in 1887 and published in English in 1893 as The Order of Field ... World War , doctrine was defined by the United States Department of War War Department in Field Service ... of European powers in the first months of the war. As late as 1941 U.S. Army doctrine was published ... more details
The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet Union foreign policy , first and most clearly outlined by S. Kovalev in a September 26, 1968 Pravda article, entitled Sovereignty and the International Obligations of Socialist Countries. Leonid Ilych Brezhnev Leonid Brezhnev reiterated it in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers Party on November 13, 1968, which stated When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism , it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries. This doctrine was announced to retroactively justify the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 that ended the Prague Spring , along with earlier Soviet military interventions, such as the Hungarian revolution of 1956 invasion of Hungary in 1956 . These interventions were meant to put an end to democratic liberalization efforts and uprisings that had the potential to compromise ... way compromise the cohesiveness of the Eastern bloc. Implicit in this doctrine was that the leadership ... the announcement of the Brezhnev Doctrine, numerous treaties were signed between the Soviet Union ... of the doctrine were so broad that the Soviets even used it to justify their military intervention ... Doctrine stayed in effect until it was finally ended with the Soviet non invasion of Poland during the 1980 1981 crisis ref Wilfried Loth. Moscow, Prague and Warsaw Overcoming the Brezhnev Doctrine ..., p. 945 ref It was superseded by the facetiously named Sinatra Doctrine in 1989. See also Wikisourcepar2 Brezhnev Doctrine Text of Brezhnev s speech Truman Doctrine Johnson Doctrine Domino theory Cold War Gladio Ulbricht Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Soviet occupations Sinatra Doctrine References reflist Bibliography Ouimet, Matthew The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine in Soviet Foreign Policy ... et Bre nevi doktriin es Doctrina Br zhnev fr Doctrine Brejnev fy Brezjnev doktrine ko hr ... more details
The Powell Doctrine is a journalist created term, named after General Colin Powell in the run up to the 1990 1991 Gulf War . It is based in large part on the Weinberger Doctrine , devised by Caspar Weinberger , former United States Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense and Powell s former boss. The Powell Doctrine states that a list of questions all have to be answered affirmatively before military action is taken by the United States Is a vital national security interest threatened? Do we have a clear attainable objective? Have the risks and costs been fully and frankly analyzed? Have all other non violent policy means been fully exhausted? Is there a plausible exit strategy to avoid endless entanglement? Have the consequences of our action been fully considered? Is the action supported by the American people? Do we have genuine broad international support? ref http www.pbs.org newshour extra teachers lessonplans iraq powelldoctrine.html The Powell Doctrine Background, Application and Critical Analysis , Doug DuBrin, NewsHour Extra ref As Powell said in an April 1, 2009 interview on The Rachel Maddow Show TV series The Rachel Maddow Show , the Doctrine denotes the exhausting of all political, economic, and diplomatic means, which, only if those means prove to be futile, should a nation resort to military force. Powell has expanded upon the Doctrine, asserting that when a nation is engaging in war, every resource and tool should be used to achieve decisive force against the enemy, minimizing US casualties and ending the conflict quickly by forcing the weaker force to capitulate. This is well in line with Western military strategy dating at least from Carl von Clausewitz s On War . Citation needed date May 2010 The Doctrine has been used to compare the Vietnam War , the Gulf ... ref See also Bush Doctrine Pottery barn rule Reagan Doctrine Just War Weinberger Doctrine References ... fr Doctrine Powell pl Doktryna Powella ru ... more details
Onesource date June 2008 The Weinberger Doctrine was a list of points governing when the United States could commit troops in military engagements. The doctrine was publicly disclosed by U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on November 28, 1984 in a speech entitled The Uses of Military Power delivered before the National Press Club USA National Press Club in Washington, D.C. The Weinberger Doctrine was an outgrowth of the collective lessons learned from the Vietnam War and the desire of the U.S. government to avoid such quagmires in the future. ref LaFeber, Walter. The Rise and Fall of Colin Powell. Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 124, No. 1 March, 2009 pp. 71 93. ref The Weinberger doctrine The United States should not commit forces to combat unless the vital national interests of the United States or its allies are involved. U.S. troops should only be committed wholeheartedly and with the clear intention of winning. Otherwise, troops should not be committed. U.S. combat troops should be committed only with clearly defined political and military objectives and with the capacity to accomplish those objectives. The relationship between the objectives and the size and composition of the forces committed should be continually reassessed and adjusted if necessary. U.S. troops should not be committed to battle without a reasonable assurance of the support of U.S. public opinion and Congress. The commitment of U.S. troops should be considered only as a last resort. Events leading to the Weinberger Doctrine Two unconnected events led to Weinberger s speech. One was his wanting ... of the Weinberger Doctrine, was the legacy of the Vietnam War. From 1975 and the fall of South .... Notably, the Secretary of State at the time of the Doctrine s publishing, George Shultz ... D.C. Potomac Books, Inc., 2008. ref See also Vietnam War Powell doctrine Bush doctrine References ... Category Presidency of Ronald Reagan fr Doctrine Weinberger uk ... more details
For the Morgana Lefay album The Secret Doctrine album Primary sources date November 2009 Too few opinions date November 2009 weasel date November 2009 Theosophy Italic title The Secret Doctrine, the Synthesis ... volume of The Secret Doctrine . After Blavatsky s death, a controversial third volume of The Secret Doctrine was published by Annie Besant . Citation needed date January 2012 Theories on human evolution and race Over quotation section date January 2012 In the second volume of The Secret Doctrine , dedicated ... Doctrine, Vol. 2, p 421 . When discussing sterility between two human races as observed by Charles ... Islanders, etc The Secret Doctrine, Vol. 2, pp 195 6 . Blavatsky also asserts that the occult doctrine ... in materiality The Secret Doctrine, Vol. 2, p 200 . She also connects physical race with spiritual ... Hindu writings do The Secret Doctrine, Vol. 2, p 723 . According to Blavatsky, The MONADS of the lowest ... The Secret Doctrine, Vol. 2, p 168 . She also prophesies of the destruction of the racial failures ... family without even leaving a trace behind The Secret Doctrine, Vol. 2, p 446 . While these assertions ..., and perfect justice to others as to one s self The First Message of HPB . In The Secret Doctrine ... True, again, that if the characteristics are accepted literally . The Secret Doctrine, Vol. 1, p. 255 . In Isis Unveiled , published eleven years before The Secret Doctrine , Blavatsky gave an account ... of either Kopt, Brahman, or Lama Isis Unveiled, Vol. 2, pp 635 6 . Study of the Secret Doctrine According ... Doctrine blockquote Reading the S.D. page by page as one reads any other book she says will only end ... Vol. II . ref name Bowen Bowen, Robert. The Secret Doctrine and Its Study. Invitation to the Secret Doctrine 1988 n. pag. Web. 15 Nov 2010. http www.theosociety.org pasadena invit sd invsd 1.htm . ref blockquote Writings about The Secret Doctrine Alice Bailey wrote about the Secret Doctrine But those ... I published in 1925, is the psychological key to The Secret Doctrine. None of my books would have ... more details
The Nixon Doctrine also known as the Guam Doctrine was put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by President of the United States U.S. President Richard Nixon . He stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but that the U.S. would aid in defense as requested. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies. In Nixon s own words Address to the Nation on the War in Vietnam November 3, 1969 ref cite web author Richard M. Nixon title President Nixon s Speech on Vietnamization date November 3, 1969 url http vietnam.vassar.edu doc14.html format reprint ref i First, the United States will keep all of its treaty commitments. Second, we shall provide a shield if a nuclear power threatens the freedom of a nation allied with us or of a nation whose survival we consider vital to our security. Third, in cases involving other types of aggression, we shall furnish military and economic .... i The doctrine was also applied by the Nixon administration in the Persian Gulf region, with military aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia . ref name time doctrine cite news url http www.time.com time magazine ... Doctrine date 2007 01 04 publisher Time magazine TIME ref According to author Michael Klare ... New York Henry Holt, 2004 ref application of the Nixon Doctrine opened the floodgates of U.S. military aid to allies in the Persian Gulf, and helped set the stage for the Carter Doctrine and for the subsequent direct U.S. military involvement of the Gulf War and the Iraq War . Doctrine In Practice Both Nixonians and Contrarians argue that the Guam Doctrine may have masked other needs, intentions ... J. Kimball title The Nixon Doctrine A Saga of Misunderstanding year 2006 journal Presidential Studies ... Nixon da Nixondoktrinen de Nixon Doktrin et Nixoni doktriin es Doctrina Nixon fr Doctrine Nixon ko it Dottrina Nixon hu Nixon doktr na nl Nixon doctrine ja no Nixon doktrinen ... more details
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