refimprove date October 2009 OSIModel The datalinklayer is layer 2 of the seven layer OSI model of computer network ing. It corresponds to, or is part of the linklayer of the TCP IP reference model . The datalinklayer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide ... is layer 2 and why should you care.html publisher accel networks.com accessdate 2009 09 29 ref The datalinklayer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer computing transfer data between ... in the physical layer . Examples of datalink protocols are Ethernet for local area networks multi .... The datalinklayer is concerned with local delivery of Frame networking frames between devices on the same LAN. Datalink frames, as these protocol data units are called, do not cross the boundaries ..., such as IEEE 802 local area networks, the datalinklayer is described in more detail with media ...., as well as with some non 802 MAC layers such as FDDI . Other datalinklayer protocols, such as HDLC ... cables , the datalinklayer is divided into three sub layers application protocol convergence ..., the datalinklayer protocols respond to service requests from the network layer and they perform ... mode transmission Sublayers of the datalinklayer The datalinklayer has two sublayers logical link ... can unambiguously distinguish stuffed bits from normal bits. List of datalinklayer services Encapsulation ... layer . Datalinklayer error control i.e. retransmission of erroneous packets is provided ... to the one provided on the transport layer . Datalinklayer error control is not used in LAN protocols ... mk DataLinkLayer ms Lapisan pautan data nl Datalinklaag ja no Datalink laget nn Datalinklaget ... datalink protocols to focus on local delivery, addressing, and media arbitration. In this way, the datalinklayer is analogous to a neighborhood traffic cop it endeavors to arbitrate between parties ... occur. Datalink protocols specify how devices detect and recover from such collisions, and may ... more details
. Despite the different semantics of layering in TCP IP and OSI, the linklayer is often described as a combination of the datalinklayerlayer 2 and the physical layerlayer 1 in the Open Systems ... data transmission aspects are part of the linklayer. That position will be held in the rest of this article ... of the TCP IP model. These authors assume a hardware layer or physical layer below the linklayer, and several of them adopt the OSI term datalinklayer instead of linklayer in a modified ... and network access layer occur as synonyms either to the linklayer or the datalinklayer, often including the physical layer. Linklayer protocols The core protocols specified by the Internet Engineering ... to OSI model The linklayer of the TCP IP model is often compared directly with the combination of the datalinklayer and the physical layer in the Open Systems Interconnection OSI protocols OSI protocol ... Resolution Protocol ARP , which is confined to the linklayer in the TCP IP model, is often said to fit between OSI s datalinklayer and the network layer. In general, direct or strict comparisons ...In computer network ing, the linklayer is the lowest layer in the Internet Protocol Suite commonly known ... to the linklayer. IPstack Definition in standards and text books LAN standards such as Ethernet ... data transmission and set no standards for those aspects, other than broadly including them as link ..., 1982 , aspects of the linklayer are referred to by several poorly defined terms, such as network ... is another link state routing protocol that fits into this layer when considering TCP IP model, however ... 3 protocol . It is not an Internet standard . The linklayer also contains all hardware specific interface .... The linklayer in TCP IP is still wider in scope and in principle a different concept ... standard, since the linklayer implies functions that are wider in scope than just network access . Important linklayer protocols are used to probe the topology of the local network, discover ... more details
Nofootnotes date October 2008 Two other uses a telecommunication term the American computer storage data storage company Datalink Corporation the Open System Interconnection model second layerDatalinklayer In telecommunication a datalink is the means of connecting one location to another for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information. It can also refer to a set of electronics assemblies, consisting of a transmitter and a receiver two pieces of data terminal equipment and the interconnecting data telecommunication circuit . These are governed by a link protocol enabling digital data to be transferred from a data source to a data Sink disambiguation sink . There are at least three types of basic datalink configurations that can be conceived of and used Simplex communication s, most commonly meaning all communications in one direction only. Half duplex communications, meaning communications in both directions, but not both ways simultaneously. Duplex telecommunications Duplex communications , communications in both directions simultaneously. In civil aviation , a datalink system known as Controller Pilot DataLink Communications is used to send information between aircraft and air traffic control lers when an aircraft is too far from the ATC to make voice radio communication and radar observations possible. Such systems are used for aircraft crossing the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. One such system, used by NavCanada and NATS over the North Atlantic uses a five digit datalink sequence number which is confirmed between air traffic control and the pilots of the aircraft .... In military aviation, the meaning of datalink is somewhat different it carries weapons targeting ... full duplex or half duplex datalink is used to send control system control signals , and to receive telemetry . See also ACARS Tactical Data Links Space probe Deep Space Network Unmanned Aircraft ... Data transmission Category Telecommunications terms cs Datov linka de Datenlink es Enlace de datos ... more details
frame contains one LinkLayer Discovery Protocol Data Unit LLDPDU . Each LLDPDU is a sequence of type length value TLV structures. The Ethernet Physical layer Ethernet frame used in LLDP has its destination ...The LinkLayer Discovery Protocol LLDP is a vendor neutral LinkLayer protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on a IEEE 802 local area network, principally wired Ethernet . ref cite web title 802.1AB REV Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery url http www.ieee802.org 1 pages 802.1AB rev.html publisher IEEE accessdate 2009 10 17 ref The protocol is formally referred to by the IEEE as Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery specified in standards document IEEE 802.1AB . ref cite web url http standards.ieee.org getieee802 download 802.1AB 2009.pdf title IEEE standard 802.1AB 2009 ref LLDP performs functions similar to several proprietary protocol s, such as Cisco Discovery Protocol ... , and Microsoft s LinkLayer Topology Discovery LLTD . Frame structure LLDP information is sent by devices ... title ANSI TIA 1057 standard format PDF ref Applications The LinkLayer Discovery Protocol ... design communications design 4009357 Tutorial on the LinkLayer Discovery Protocol Tutorial on LLDP ... Comparison of LLDP daemons Category Computer networks Category Logical Link Control Category Network protocols Category IEEE standards Category Ethernet standards de LLDP fr LinkLayer Discovery Protocol ... and a 1 byte organizationally specific subtype followed by data. The basic format for an organizationally ..., routing, etc. MAC PHY information Power over Ethernet MDI power Link aggregation Media endpoint ... Layer 2 Priority and Differentiated services Diffserv settings enabling plug and play networking. Device ... use in data center bridging requirements. ref http www.ieee802.org 1 pages dcbridges.html Data Center Bridging Task Group ref The visible anchor Data Center Bridging Capabilities Exchange Protocol ... more details
LinkLayer Topology Discovery LLTD is a proprietary LinkLayer protocol for network topology discovery and quality of service diagnostics. Microsoft developed it as part of the Windows Rally set of technologies. The LLTD protocol operates over both wired such as Ethernet Ethernet IEEE 802.3 or Power line communication ref cite web url http blog.ds2.es ds2blog 2009 05 microsoft windows lltd ds2 powerline.html title Using Microsoft Windows LLTD with DS2 powerline networks work DS2 Blog date 9 May 2009 accessdate 18 July 2010 publisher DS2 Corporation www.ds2.es first Jorge last Marcos ref as well as wireless networks such as IEEE 802.11 . LLTD is included in Windows Vista and Windows 7 . It is used by their Network Map feature to display a graphical representation of the local area network LAN ...?displaylang en&FamilyID 4f01a31d ee46 481e ba11 37f485fa34ea title Download details LinkLayer Topology ... for Windows XP Professional x64 Edition . Being a LinkLayer or OSI Layer 2 implementation ... computing router s, an operation which would require Internet Protocol level routing. LinkLayer ... agreement. ref Cite web url http www.microsoft.com whdc connect Rally LLTD spec.mspx title LinkLayer ... spec.mspx LinkLayer Topology Discovery Protocol Specification and license http www.microsoft.com whdc ... Category Windows communication and services Category Network protocols Category Link protocols de LinkLayer Topology Discovery fr LinkLayer Topology Discovery ja LinkLayer Topology Discovery pl LLTD ru LinkLayer Topology Discovery Protocol ..., using Net Frame, available via CPAN ref Cite web url http search.cpan.org gomor Net Frame Layer LLTD title Patrice Auffret Net Frame Layer LLTD publisher CPAN search.cpan.org date 15 March 2007 accessdate 18 July 2010 ref See also Simple Network Management Protocol Service Discovery LinkLayer Discovery Protocol same aim and layer but IEEE standard protocol. Cisco Discovery Protocol Similar ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 A data access layer DAL is a layer object oriented design layer of a computer program which provides simplified access to data stored in persistent storage of some kind, such as an entity relationship entity relational database . For example, the DAL might return a reference to an object computer science object in terms of object oriented programming complete with its attributes instead of a row of Field computer science fields from a database table database table . This allows the client or user modules to be created with a higher level of abstraction . This kind of model could be implemented by creating a class of data access methods that directly reference a corresponding set of database stored procedures. Another implementation could potentially retrieve or write records to or from a file system. The DAL hides this complexity of the underlying data store from the external world. For example, instead of using commands such as insert , delete , and update to access a specific table in a database, a class and a few stored procedures could be created in the database. The procedures would be called from a method inside the class, which would return an object containing the requested values. Or, the insert, delete and update commands could be executed within simple functions like registeruser or loginuser stored within the data access layer. Also, business logic methods from an application can be mapped to the Data Access Layer. So, for example, instead ... a single method from a DAL which abstracts those database calls. Applications using a data access layer can be either database server dependent or independent. If the data access layer supports multiple ... circumstance, having a data access layer provides a centralized location for all calls into the database ... tools provide data layers in this fashion, following the Active record pattern active record model. The ORM active record model is popular with web frameworks. See also Data Access Object References ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In the STREAMS computer network ing architecture, the Data Link Provider Interface is an interface that a network device driver implements. The interface abstracts away low level details of the hardware and networking protocols, and provides error free delivery of bits over a communications network. It corresponds to the Data link layer Data Link Layer of the 7 layer OSI model . Category System V Category Unix Category Application programming interfaces Category Inter process communication Network software stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Context date October 2009 The Open DataLink Interface ODI , developed by Apple Computer Apple and Novell , serves the same function as Microsoft and 3COM s Network Driver Interface Specification NDIS . Originally, ODI was written for NetWare and Apple Macintosh Macintosh environments. Like NDIS, ODI provides rules that establish a vendor neutral interface between the protocol stack and the adapter driver. It resides in Layer 2, the DataLinklayer, of the OSI model . This interface also enables one or more network drivers to support one or more protocol stack s. See also Network Driver Interface Specification NDIS Uniform Driver Interface UDI Universal Network Device Interface UNDI PC TCP Packet Driver Category Computer networks Compu stub de Open Datalink Interface ja Open DataLink Interface pl Open DataLink Interface ... more details
In the OSI model OSI computer network networking model, DataLink Control DLC is the service provided by the datalinklayer . Network interface card s have a DLC address that identifies each card for instance, Ethernet and other types of cards have a 48 bit MAC address built into the cards firmware when they are manufactured. There is also a network protocol with the name DataLink Control. It is comparable to better known protocols such as TCP IP or AppleTalk . DLC is a transport protocol used by IBM IBM Systems Network Architecture SNA mainframe computer mainframe computers and peripherals and compatible equipment. In computer networking, it is typically used for communications between network attached printers, computers and servers, for example by HP in their JetDirect print servers . While it was widely used up until the time of Windows 2000 , the DLC protocol is no longer included in Windows XP . It is currently available for download. ref http www.microsoft.com downloads details.aspx?familyid f5a88f75 4e05 4fba bf13 2cd53d023786 DLC Protocol for Windows XP ref References reflist External links http publib16.boulder.ibm.com doc link en US a doc lib aixprggd progcomc dlc ovw.htm Generic DLC Environment Overview http www.microsoft.com technet prodtechnol windows2000serv reskit prork prcj ibm wcro.mspx?mfr true Microsoft DLC protocol in Windows 2000 Category OSI protocols de DataLink Control tr DataLink Control ... more details
DataLink Switching DLSw is a tunneling protocol designed to tunnel unroutable, non IP based protocols such as IBM Systems Network Architecture SNA and NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF over an IP network. DLSw was initially documented in IETF RFC 1434 in 1993. In 1995 it was further documented in the IETF RFC 1795. DLSw version 2 was presented in 1997 in IETF RFC 2166 as an improvement to RFC 1795. Cisco Systems has its own proprietary extensions to DLSw in DLSw . According to Cisco, DLSw is 100 IETF RFC 1795 compliant but includes some proprietary extensions that can be used when both devices are Cisco. ref cite web url http docwiki.cisco.com wiki DataLink Switching title DataLink Switching DLSw publisher Cisco accessdate 2011 06 16 ref Some organisations are starting to replace DLSw tunneling with the more modern Enterprise Extender EE protocol which is a feature of IBM APPN on z OS systems. Microsoft refers to EE as IPDLC . Enterprise Extender uses UDP traffic at the Transport Layer rather than the Network Layer . ref cite web url http www 1.ibm.com support docview.wss?rs 852&uid swg27006667 title Understanding Enterprise Extender, Part 1 Concepts and Considerations publisher IBM accessdate 2008 09 15 ref Cisco deploy Enterprise Extender on their hardware via the IOS feature known as SNAsW SNA Switch . See also IBM Systems Network Architecture Microsoft Host Integration Server Synchronous DataLink Control References reflist External links http www.faqs.org rfcs rfc1434.html RFC 1434 DataLink Switching Switch to Switch Protocol http www.faqs.org rfcs rfc1795.html RFC 1795 DLSw Standard Version 1.0 http www.faqs.org rfcs rfc2166.html RFC 2166 DLSw v2.0 Enhancements Category Tunneling protocols de DataLink Switching ... more details
The VHF DataLink or VHF Digital Link VDL is a means of sending information between aircraft and ground stations and in the case of VDL Mode 4 other aircraft . Aeronautical VHF data links use the band ... Services. There is an Airline Industry AEEC standard for an ACARS VHF datalink installed on approximately ... Pilot DataLink Communications CPDLC . ICAO VDL Mode 1 The ICAO AMCP defined this Mode for validation purposes. It was the same as VDL Mode 2 except that it used the same VHF link as VHF ACARS ... of coverage. The ICAO standard for the VDL Mode 2 specifies three layers, the subnetwork, link and physical layers. The subnetwork layer complies with the requirements of the ICAO Aeronautical Telecommunications Network ATN standard which specifies an end to end data protocol to be used over multiple air ground and ground subnetworks including VDL. The VDL Mode 2 LinkLayer is made up of two sublayers, a datalink service and a media access control MAC sublayer. The datalink protocol is based ... was to provide a VHF frequency physical layer for ADS B transmissions. However it was overtaken as the link for ADS B by the Mode S radar link operating in the 1090 MHz band which was selected as the primary ... of VDL. It has been implemented in a Eurocontrol Link 2000 program and is specified as the primary link in the recently adopted EU Single Sky rule requiring all aircraft flying in Europe to be equipped ... link establishment to a ground station and defines an addressing scheme for ground stations. The MAC protocol is a version of Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA . The VDL Mode 2 Physical Layer ... Shift Keying providing a data rate of 31.5 kilobit second. This is the highest data rate that can be achieved ... providing aircraft with both data and digitized voice communications that was defined by the US ... than VDL Mode 2. The data and digitized voice packets go in Time Division Multiple Access TDMA slots ... Mode 4 The ICAO standard for VDL Mode 4 specifies a protocol enabling aircraft to exchange data with ground ... more details
Synchronous DataLink Control SDLC is a computer communications protocol . It is the layer 2 protocol for IBM s Systems Network Architecture SNA . SDLC supports multipoint links as well as error correction. It also runs under the assumption that an SNA header is present after the SDLC header. ref harv Odom 2004 . ref SDLC was mainly used by IBM mainframe and midrange systems however, implementations exist on many platforms from many vendors. The use of SDLC and SNA is becoming more and more rare, mostly replaced by IP based protocols or being tunneled through IP using AnyNet or other technologies . Citation needed date June 2008 In 1975, IBM developed the first bit oriented protocol, SDLC, ref name PCLT http pclt.cis.yale.edu pclt COMM SDLC.HTM PC Lube and Tune , accessed 15. October 2009. ref from work done for IBM in the early 1970s. ref name hist harv Friend 1988 p 188 . ref This de facto standard has been adopted by ISO as High Level DataLink Control HDLC in 1979 ref name hist and by ANSI as Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures ADCCP . The latter standards added features such as the Asynchronous Balanced Mode , frame sizes that did not need to be multiples of bit octets ... Data and computer communications networking and internetworking year 2001 publisher CRC Press location Indianapolis isbn 0 849 30928 X External links http docwiki.cisco.com wiki Synchronous DataLink Control and Derivatives Cisco page on Synchronous DataLink Control and Derivatives http www.bitbus.org Bitbus community site. Category Link protocols de Synchronous DataLink Control es Synchronous DataLink Control ja Synchronous DataLink Control pl Synchronous DataLink Control pt Synchronous DataLink Control sl SDLC ... 1988 p 191 . ref SDLC operates independently on each communications link, and can operate on point to point ... Data Communications edition 2nd Edition year 1988 publisher Howard W. Sams & Company location ... more details
Merge to TADIL A discuss Talk TADIL A Link 11 MIL STD 6011 discuss Talk MIL STD 6011 Merger proposal date December 2010 In telecommunication , a tactical data information link A TADIL A is a netted datalinklink in which one unit acts as a net control station and interrogates each unit by roll call. Once interrogated, that unit transmits its data to the net. This means that each unit receives all the information transmitted. This is a direct transfer of data and no relaying is involved. FS1037C MS188 Telecomm stub Category Telecommunications ... more details
small US Naval Network and Space Operations Command small Definition A Tactical DataLink TDL uses a datalink standard in order to provide communication via radio waves or cable used by the Military ... per DISA guidance and is now more commonly seen as Tactical DataLink TDL . Tactical datalink character ... as Message Format Transmission Format . TDL standards in NATO In NATO Tactical DataLink Standards are being developed by the DataLink Working Group DLWG of the Information Systems Sub Committee ... Communi br cation Gene br ration Comments 1 5501 NATO datalink between br Air Defence Main Control Centres Link 1 br Tactical Data Exchange for Air Defence Point to Point 1st br S Series Ground Link between NADGE entities limited and not secure 2 Radar to Control Centre DataLink 1st Cancelled includes in Link 1 3 Control Centre to higher HQ Data Links SHOC Early Warning System Point to Point 1st ... 4 5504 Ground to Air DataLinkLink 4 br TDL for the Control of Military aircraft Point to Point 1st ... 6 5506 br Draft Missile Base to Control Centre LinkLink 6 br NADGE Link SAM Automatic DataLink Point ... 1 9 SOC Military airbase Airbase Link 1st 10 5510 Ship Ship LinkLink 10 Maritime br Tactical Data ... LinkLink 11 br Maritime Tactical Data Exchange Broadcast 2nd br M Series Compatible to US TADIL A to be operated in the HF & NATO UHF RF bands 11B 5511 br Vol. II Link 11B br Tactical Data Exchange ... to replace Link 1 5601 Standard for Interface computing Interface of Data Links 1, 11, 11B, and 14 trough a Data buffer buffer see AdalP 12 5602 Standard Interface for Multiple Platform Link Evaluation ... 11B and tactical data systems employing Link 16 MIL STD 6020, DoD Interoperability Standard Data Forwarding ... Message Specification Broadcast 2nd, M Series Interim DataLink Standard to be replaced by Link 16 SADL Situational Awareness DataLink SADL Situational Awareness DataLink Broadcast 1st, K Series br 2nd, K J Series Datalink adopted from Enhanced Position Location Reporting System EPLRS to provide ... more details
A datalink connection identifier DLCI is a Frame Relay 10 bit wide link local virtual circuit identifier used to assign frames to a specific Virtual circuit Permanent and switched virtual circuits in ATM.2C frame relay.2C and X.25 PVC or Virtual circuit Permanent and switched virtual circuits in ATM.2C frame relay.2C and X.25 SVC . Frame Relay networks use DLCIs to Statistical multiplexing statistically multiplex frames. DLCIs are preloaded into each switch and act as road signs to the traveling frames. ref cite web title DLCI s url http www.infocellar.com networks frame relay dlci.htm accessdate 22 March 2011 ref The standard allows the existence of 1024 DLCIs, however only numbers from 16 to 991 are available for end users equipment. The rest are reserved for various management purposes. ref cite web url http www.dcbnet.com notes framerly.html title What is Frame Relay accessdate 2007 09 18 ref References references Category Link protocols telecomm stub de DataLink Connection Identifier es DataLink Connection Identifier fr Datalink connection identifier ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 DataLink Solutions DLS is a joint venture entity that was created in 1996 between GEC Marconi Hazeltine now known as BAE Systems Electronics and Integrated Solutions BAE Systems and Rockwell Collins for the purpose of developing, manufacturing and supporting the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System JTIDS . DLS is headquartered in Cedar Rapids, IA and also has facilities in Wayne, NJ . The company has the extensive contract experience in JTIDS Class 2 2H 2M, the MIDS Fighter DataLink FDL and the MIDS Low Volume Terminal LVT 1 , with over 275 million in contracts to date and production deliveries started for MIDS LVT and FDL terminals. In June 2006 DataLink Solutions DLS and Thales Group entered into an agreement to cooperatively produce and sell MIDS Multi functional Information Distribution System MIDS terminals for the Joint Tactical Radio System JTRS . DLS is leading the development effort on MIDS JTRS under an 82 million product improvement program contract. In August 2007 DataLink Solutions received a 28 million order for Multifunctional Information Distribution System Low Volume Terminals MIDS MIDS LVT from the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command SPAWAR in San Diego. The terminals will be installed in the U.S. Navy F A 18 and EA 6B , U.S. Air Force F 16 , B 1 Lancer B 1 , B 2 and B 52 as well as other battle elements. External links http www.datalinksolutions.net DataLink Solutions LLC homepage Category Military radio systems Category Avionics companies Category Companies based in Iowa ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date April 2008 merge Common DataLink date October 2010 The Tactical Common DataLink TCDL is a secure datalink being developed by the U.S. military to send secure data and streaming video links from airborne platforms to ground stations. The TCDL can accept data from many different sources, then encrypt , multiplexing multiplex , encode , transmit , demultiplex, and route this data at high speeds. It uses a Ku band K sub u sub narrowband uplink that is used for both payload and vehicle control, and a wideband downlink for data transfer. The TCDL uses both directional and omnidirectional antennas to transmit and receive the K sub u sub band signal. The TCDL was designed for UAV s, specifically the MQ 8B Fire Scout , as well as manned non fighter environments. The TCDL transmits radar, imagery, video, and other sensor information at rates from 1.544 Mb s to 10.7 Mb s over ranges of 200 km. It has a bit error rate of 10 6 with COMSEC and 10 8 without COMSEC. It is also intended that the TCDL will in time support the required higher CDL rates of 45, 137, and 274 Mb s. References references http www.l 3com.com csw product specs Airborne TCDLAir.asp L 3 business segments http www.assconline.co.uk documents ASSC Study Application MPEG2 Digital Video Compression Standard.pdf Avionics Systems Standardisation Committee Category Secure communication ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 merge Tactical Common DataLink date October 2010 Common DataLink CDL is a secure U.S. military communications protocol . It was established by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1991 as the military s primary protocol for image ry and signals intelligence ref http directory.eoportal.org auth 8127 pres TacSat2Roadrunner.html Accessed 28 June 2007. ref ref http www.l 3com.com csw L 3 Communication Systems West Homepage Bot generated title ref CDL operates within the Ku band at data rates up to 274 Mb s. CDL allows for full duplex data exchange. The FY06 Authorization Act Public Law 109 163 requires use of CDL for all imagery, unless waiver is granted. The primary reason waivers are granted is from the inability to carry the 300 pound radios on a small 30 pound aircraft. Emerging technology expects to field a 2 pound version by the end of the decade 2010 . References references Use dmy dates date October 2010 Category Military communications US mil stub ... more details
unreferenced date June 2011 The DataLink Connector DLC is the multi pin diagnostic connection port for automobiles and trucks used to interface a scan tool automotive scan tool with the Electronic Control Unit control modules of a given vehicle and access On Board Diagnostics and live data streams. The OBD II DLC post 1996 vehicles is usually located under the instrument panel on the driver side, though there are several exceptions. Prior to 1996, many DLC s were in the engine compartment, usually near the fuse block. Also, prior to 1996, there was no standardization for these connectors, and each manufacturer had its own shape with a unique pin arrangement. After 1996, many manufacturers retained their proprietary connectors in addition to the OBD II interface, because OBD II ports are only required to transmit vehicle emissions control emission related codes and data. References Reflist Category Automotive electronics automotive tech stub ... more details
orphan date October 2009 Wikify date October 2009 High Frequency DataLink High Frequency DataLink HFDL is an ACARS communications media used to exchange data such as Aeronautical Operational Control AOC messages, Controller Pilot DataLink Communication CPDLC messages and Automatic Dependent Surveillance ADS messages between aircraft end systems and corresponding ground based HFDL ground stations. Using the unique propagation characteristics of high frequency radio waves, the ground stations provide datalink communications to properly equipped aircraft operating anywhere in the world. The result, pilots can always communicate with someone on the ground. Avionics Supporting HFDL To use the service, an aircraft only needs a Communications Management Unit CMU , or equivalent and an HFDL data radio. The CMU is an airborne communications router that interfaces with many aircraft communications systems including SATCOM, VHF, HFDL, FMS and others. Global Coverage Today, HFDL is an air ground datalink standard with coverage in virtually every corner of the globe, approximately convert 168000000 sqmi km2 where aircraft are never out of touch both in the air and on the ground. Evolving Technology The HFDL network and avionics are a continuing evolution. Recent innovations in avionics software developed by both Honeywell and Collins have enhanced performance and contribute to the service s outstanding message success rates. There is continued investment in the HFDL infrastructure and there is a long term strategy in place to ensure its success. ARINC have been quoted as saying that the system and its use have grown at rates above 20 for each of the past ten years and it now supports ..., so data can continue to be decoded when voice is unusable. This was proven during the 2003 Halloween ..., the data radios constantly scan and select the most efficient frequency to use making operation seamless for flight crews. Flight planning providers ARINC Category Meteorological data and networks ... more details
Multifunction Advanced DataLink MADL is a future data waveform to provide secure data linking technology between stealth aircraft. It began as a method to coordinate between F 35 aircraft the Joint Strike Fighter , but HQ Air Combat Command wants to expand the capabiltiy to coordinate future USAF strike forces of all AF stealth aircraft, including the B 2, F 22, and unmanned systems. MADL is expected to provide needed throughput, latency, frequency hopping and anti jamming capability with phased Array Antenna Assemblies AAAs that send and receive tightly directed radio signals. ref http www.govcomm.harris.com solutions products 000088.asp Harris Multifunction Advanced DataLink MADL ref The Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics directed the Air Force and Navy to integrate MADL among the F 22, F 35 and B 2, to one another and to the rest of network. Platforms The F 22 Raptor F 22 MADL upgrade was cancelled in 2010 ref http www.airforcetimes.com news 2011 03 air force raptor madl upgrade 033111w ref The F 35 Lightning II F 35 will have MADL built in B 2 Spirit See also Link 16 Multifunctional Information Distribution System References reflist External links cite web url http www.aviationweek.com aw generic story generic.jsp?channel dti&id news DTINETS.xml&headline F 22 20and 20F 35 20Suffer 20From 20Network 20Gaps title F 22 and F 35 Suffer From Network Gaps date 2007 12 11 work Aviation Week publisher The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. first Bill last Sweetman cite web url http www.af.mil news story.asp?id 123143663 title Center team works to connect new fighters, bomber date 2009 4 9 publisher United States Air Force first Chuck last Paone cite web url http integrator.hanscom.af.mil 2008 November 11132008 11132008 15.htm title To ensure increased combat effectiveness... first John last Reed work The Integrator date 2008 11 07 publisher U.S. 66th Air Base Wing Public Affairs Office cite web url http www.afmc.af.mil news story.asp ... more details
IPstack High Level DataLink Control HDLC is a Bit oriented protocol bit oriented Synchronization computer science synchronous datalinklayer Communications protocol protocol developed by the International ... Mode ARM are rarely used. History HDLC is based on IBM s Synchronous DataLink Control SDLC protocol, which is the layer 2 protocol for IBM s Systems Network Architecture SNA . It was extended and standardized ... Modes Synchronous DataLink Control Synchronous DataLink Control SDLC was originally designed to connect ... layer. In addition they can also include flow and error control information piggybacked on data. Supervisory ... frames, or I frames , transport user data from the network layer. In addition they also include ... frames, or U frames , are used for link management, and can also be used to transfer user data. They exchange ... are ADD RSET DataLink Test Commands & Responses are ADD TEST Request Disconnect. Responses are ADD ... standards Category Networking standards ca HDLC cs HDLC da HDLC de High Level DataLink Control es High Level DataLink Control eu HDLC fr High Level DataLink Control hr HDLC it High Level DataLink Control he High level DataLink Control mk HDLC ja High Level DataLink Control no HDLC pl High Level DataLink Control pt HDLC ru HDLC fi HDLC sv HDLC tr HDLC uk HDLC zh ... stack as LAPF and into the ISDN protocol stack as Link Access Procedures, D channel LAPD . HDLC was the inspiration for the IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control LLC protocol, and it is the basis for the framing ... cross connect system DXX for destination of Trunk. Framing HDLC data frame frames can be transmitted ... link, a frame delimiter is continuously transmitted on the link. Using the standard NRZI encoding .... Since the flag sequence could appear in user data, such sequences must be modified during transmission ... this has occurred so that the original data stream can be restored before it is passed to higher layer protocols. This can be done using bit stuffing, in which a 0 is added after the occurrence of every ... more details
Controller Pilot DataLink Communications CPDLC , also referred to as Controller Pilot DataLink CPDL , is a method by which air traffic controller s can communicate with pilots over a datalink system. Necessity The standard method of communication between an air traffic controller and a pilot is voice radio, using either Very high frequency VHF bands for line of sight communication or High frequency ... to cope with increased demands on Air Traffic Control, and datalink based communications offers a possible ... interface for sending and receiving CPDLC messages. Controller pilot datalink communication CPDLC is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using datalink for ATC communication ... system to use datalink to forward a CPDLC message to another ground system. The sequence of messages ... details.cfm?item id 110 title MITRE CAASD & 124 & 124 Projects Controller Pilot DataLink Communications ... . The VHF DataLink VDL Mode 2 networks operated by ARINC and SITA are used to support the European ... Eurocontrol Trial Air Ground Datalink trials in 1995 including NEAN VHF DataLink VDL Mode 4 , today both ATN VHF DataLink VDL Mode 2 and FANS 1 A services are supported. More than 40 major airlines ... http www.flitepartners.com Controller Pilot DataLink Communications CPDLC.htm CPDLC Installation STC ... PDF page 4 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref , the number of pilots tuned to a particular ... at either end and the flexibility of use. The CPDLC application provides air ground data ... or acceptance. Closure of the dialogue does not necessarily terminate the link, since there can ... has three primary functions the exchange of controller pilot messages with the current data authority, the transfer of data authority involving current and next data authority, and downstream clearance delivery with a downstream data authority. Simulations carried out at the Federal Aviation ... provided by the Inmarsat Data 2 Classic Aero service. The ICAO Doc 9705 compliant ATN CPDLC system ... more details
unreferenced date July 2011 Orphan date February 2009 High Speed Voice and DataLink HVDL is a high speed voice and data provisioning method that allows telcos and ISPs to provide up to three voice channels and data up to 1Mbit s on a copper pair over extremely long loops. Most DSL technologies Etherloop in particular work well up to about 18044 feet 5.5 km on a 24 AWG copper pair. Reach DSL supports lengths up to approximately 32808 feet 10 km . HVDL has a theoretical maximum loop length of approximately 112,000 feet approximately 34 km . This kind of distance would require repeater s and would probably only support a connection of 128 kbit s. The ideal speed for this service is 512 kbit s or 384 kbit s. This is programmed directly from the COT line card . The signal is sent from the telco s central office as an Ethernet style signal and is demuxed at the customer s premises by a Plain old telephone service POTS Ethernet splitter. The box itself contains all the circuitry needed to split the data and voice channels. An Ethernet cable is run directly to the customer s PC or router, and the POTS lines within the home are connected to the POTS terminals inside the CPE unit. The CPE unit is powered from the telco s central office , and will continue to work during a power outage, and supports failover to POTS. See also http www.charlesindustries.com hvdl.htm HVDL vendor Category Communication circuits Category Digital Subscriber Line ... more details
Layer may refer to wiktionary A layer of archaeological deposits in an Excavation archaeology excavation A layer hen , a hen raised to produce eggs Stratum , a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics Thermocline , a layer within a body of water where the temperature changes rapidly with depth Layering , a technique for plant propagation Layered hair , a popular hair styling technique Layering clothing , the wearing of multiple layers of clothing for practical or fashion purposes Layering may also refer to the money laundering crimes, that usually occur in 3 stages placement when the dirty money is separated from the former criminal activity , layering the act of giving an appearance of legal to the values and integration when the money is formally incorporated to the economic system . Places Layer de la Haye is a village in Essex, England. In fiction Mega Man X8 Maverick Hunters Layer , a female Maverick Hunter in the Mega Man X series In science Layer electronics , a single thickness of some material covering a surface F region Appleton Layer , or F Layer telecommunications In computing and technology Abstraction layer OSI model layers Internet protocol suite layers 2D computer graphics Layers , layers in 2D computer graphics Layers digital image editing map layer a set of graphical information, especially in geographic information system s layer object oriented design DVD layer, such as in DVD Dual layer recording Layer HTML tag a deprecated < iframe> like tag, unique to Netscape 4 browsers A layer of objects in CAD standards CAD disambiguation de Layer es Capa desambiguaci n eo Tavolo fr Couche ko he ja ru sk Vrstva uk ... more details
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