Unreferenced date February 2009 Textile bleaching is one of the stages in the manufacture of textile s. All raw textile materials, when they are in natural form, are known as greige material pronounced grey sh . This greige material will be with its natural color, odour and impurities that are not suitable for clothing materials. Not only the natural impurities will remain on the greige material but also the add ons that were made during its cultivation, growth and manufacture in the form of pesticide s, fungicide s, worm killers, Sizing Textile warp sizing sizes , lubricant s, etc. The removal of these natural coloring matters and add ons during the previous state of manufacturing is called scouring and bleaching. Scouring Scouring is the first process carried out with or without chemicals, at room temperature or at suitable higher temperatures with the addition of suitable wetting agent s, alkali and so on. Scouring removes all the waxes, pectins and makes the textile material hydrophilic or water absorbent. See also wool Scouring scouring wool Bleaching The next process of decolorization of greige material in to a suitable material for next processing is called bleaching. Bleaching of textiles can be classified in to oxidative bleaching and reductive bleaching. Oxidative bleaching Generally oxidative bleachings are carried out using sodium hypochlorite , sodium chlorite or hydrogen peroxide . Natural fibres like cotton , ramie , jute , wool , bamboo are all generally bleached with oxidative methods. Reductive bleaching Reductive method of bleaching is done with Sodium hydrosulphite , a powerful reducing agent. Fibres like Polyamide , Polyacrylics and Polyacetates can be bleached using reductive bleaching technology. Optical whiteners After scouring and bleaching, Optical Brightening Agents OBA , are applied to make the textile material to appear more brilliant whites ... Textile Processing Guide br DEFAULTSORT Textile Bleaching Category Textiles Category ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2011 Anal bleaching is the process of lightening the color of the skin around the anus . It is done for cosmetic purposes, to make the anus more uniform with the surrounding area. Some treatments are applied in an office by a technician and others are sold as cream that can be applied in the privacy of one s own home. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Anal Bleaching Category Cosmetics Treatment stub de Anal bleaching nl Anus bleken pl Wybielanie analne pt Clareamento anal ru simple Anal bleaching fi Per aukon valkaisu tr Anal beyazlatma ... more details
Refimprove date February 2009 Interventions infobox Name Tooth bleaching Image Teeth whitening kits.jpg ... bleaching , also known as tooth whitening , is a common procedure in dentistry general dentistry ... tooth color and bleaching whitens beyond the natural color. There are many methods to whiten teeth, such as brushing, bleaching strips, bleaching pen, bleaching gel, laser bleaching, and natural bleaching. Traditionally, at home whiteners use overnight trays containing a carbamide peroxide gel ... bleaching uses light energy to accelerate the process of bleaching in a dental office. The effects of bleaching can last for several months, but may vary depending on the lifestyle of the patient. Factors ... can discolor the teeth from inside out. Internal bleaching can remedy this. If heavy staining or tetracycline ... there are different options to whiten one s teeth that include in office bleaching, which is applied by a professional dentist at home bleaching, which is to be used at home by the patient over ... sections about pdfs HOD whitening rpt.pdf title Tooth Whitening Bleaching Treatment Considerations ... main methods of gel bleaching one performed with high concentration gel, and another with low concentration agents. High concentration bleaching can be accomplished either in the dental office ... trays ideally should be well fitted to retain the bleaching gel, ensuring even and full ... are then removed and the procedure is repeated up to two more times. Most in office bleaching procedures ... between the teeth to reduce the risk of chemical burns to the soft tissue s. The bleaching ... peroxide itself. The bleaching gel typically contains between 10 and 44 carbamide peroxide ... the counter whitening method. A typical course of bleaching can produce dramatic improvements in the cosmetic appearance of most stained teeth however, some stains do not respond to bleaching. Tetracycline staining may require prolonged bleaching, as it takes longer for the bleach to reach ... more details
Coral bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts zooxanthellae through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation. ref cite book author Dove SG, Hoegh Guldberg O chapter Coral bleaching can be caused by stress. The cell physiology of coral bleaching editor Ove Hoegh Guldberg Jonathan ... cite journal author Hoegh Guldberg O title Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world ... ?act view file&file id MF99078.pdf doi 10.1071 MF99078 issue 8 ref TOC clear Causes Bleaching ... Triggers Coral bleaching is a generalized stress response of corals and can be caused by a number ... of cyanide on coral photosynthesis implications for identifying the cause of coral bleaching and for assessing ... most of these triggers may result in localized bleaching events tens to hundreds of kilometers , mass coral bleaching events occur at a regional or global scale and are triggered by periods of elevated ... PJ, Hooten AJ, et al. 2007 1737 42 Mass bleaching events File Keppelbleaching.jpg thumbnail right Bleached ... Reef Most evidence indicates that elevated temperature is the cause of mass bleaching events. Six major episodes of coral bleaching have occurred since 1979, with the associated coral mortality affecting ... conditions as being responsible for triggering mass bleaching events. These studies show a tight ... of coral bleaching. Factors that influence the outcome of a bleaching event include stress resistance which reduces bleaching, tolerance to the absence of zooxanthellae, and how quickly new coral grows to replace the dead. Due to the patchy nature of bleaching, local climatic conditions such as shade or a stream of cooler water can reduce bleaching incidence. Coral and zooxanthellae health and genetics also influence bleaching. ref cite book last1 Marshall first1 Paul last2 Schuttenberg first2 Heidi title A Reef Manager s Guide to Coral Bleaching publisher Great Barrier Reef Marine ... services publications misc pub a reef managers guide to coral bleaching isbn 1 876945 40 0 ref Large ... more details
Bleaching of wood pulp is the chemical process ing carried out on various types of wood pulp to decrease ... applicable to the bleaching of non wood pulps, such as those made from bamboo or kenaf . Paper .... While the results are the same, the processes and fundamental chemistry involved in bleaching chemical ... in bleaching mechanical pulps like stoneground, thermomechanical or chemithermomechanical . Chemical ... of a variety of chromophores naturally present in the wood or created in the pulp mill . Bleaching ... to remove this much lignin by bleaching, and undesirable since one of the big advantages of mechanical pulp is the high yield of pulp based on wood used. Therefore the objective of bleaching mechanical ... oxidation or redox reduction . Alkaline hydrogen peroxide is the most commonly used bleaching agent for mechanical pulp. The amount of base such as sodium hydroxide is less than that used in bleaching ... , manganese and copper are of particular importance in pulp bleaching. The use of chelating agents like ... to be used more efficiently. Magnesium salts and sodium silicate are also added to improve bleaching ... topic01 title Pulp bleaching chemicals information from PQ Corp. accessdate 2007 09 17 ref Sodium ... . The brightness gains achieved in bleaching mechanical pulps are temporary since almost all of the lignin ... ref This is why newspaper yellows as it ages. yellowing also occurs due to the acidic sizing Bleaching ... pulp . The bleaching methods are similar for mechanical pulp in which the goal is to make the fibers brighter. Bleaching chemical pulps Chemical pulps, such as those from the kraft process or sulfite ... in bleaching chemical pulps is to remove essentially all of the residual lignin, hence the process ... Free ECF and Totally Chlorine Free TCF bleaching processes. Delignification of chemical pulps is rarely ... of bleaching sequences accessdate 2007 09 17 ref , and these are given in the following table ... sodium hydrosulfite Y A bleaching sequence from the 1950s could look like CEHEH . The pulp would have ... more details
The Sykes Bleaching Company was a cotton bleaching business established in Edgeley , near Stockport in 1792 which grew to become one of the largest bleaching enterprises in the United Kingdom. Origins The bleaching business was established in 1792 by William Sykes. Sykes had been born at Wakefield and had been active in the cloth industry at Halifax, West Yorkshire Halifax and Manchester . On 27 November 1792 an advertisement appeared in the Manchester Mercury to let land at Edgeley , Stockport , Cheshire as blockquote An Eligible situation for Bleach Ground or Print Field in which there are a number of Fine White Sand Springs with a Rivulet capable of Turning Wash Wheels etc. The Grounds lie very contiguous to the populous Manufacturing Town of Stockport where Bleachers and Printers are both much wanted and every encouragement will be given to a good tenant blockquote William Sykes took the land, first renting, but later purchasing it, and built a bleach works. To bleach cloth, it was repeatedly steeped in natural alkaline solutions derived from ash, called bucking . It was then washed and exposed to sun and air by being hung out in the bleachfield s known as crofts . After being immersed in buttermilk , called souring it received final washing, stretching and drying. The process could take up to eight months and with cloth in the open, a watchman was employed to guard Sykes crofts ... cloth to the works for bleaching and these were sold on to Manchester and London merchants. An early ... in the use of science in the bleaching industry, and their books include exhaustive tests made by them ... Baronet Jack . However there was severe internal competition within the bleaching trade, which discouraged ... around 60 businesses in bleaching and finishing of cotton goods. These were mainly in Lancashire to exploit ... by the publication of Jack Sykes s Concerning the Bleaching Industry ref Alan J Sykes Concerning the Bleaching Industry Bleachers Association 1925 ref . However the success of the Bleacher ... more details
Flour bleaching agent is a food additive added to flour in order to make it appear whiter freshly milled flour is yellowish and to oxidize the surfaces of the flour grains and help with developing of gluten . Usual bleach ing agents are Organic peroxide s, namely benzoyl peroxide Calcium peroxide Nitrogen dioxide Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Azodicarbonamide Atmospheric oxygen , used during natural aging of flour Use of chlorine, bromate s, and peroxide s is not allowed in the European Union . Flours treated with bleaches and Flour treatment agent improving agents generally show higher loaf volume and finer grain. However, people with very sensitive palate s can detect a slight bitter aftertaste . ref Citation url http www.differencebetween.net object difference between bleached and unbleached flour title Difference Between Bleached and Unbleached Flour work Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects publisher accessdate September 10, 2011 ref Chlorinated cake flour improves the structure forming capacity, allowing the use of dough formulas with lower proportions of flour and higher proportions of sugar. In biscuit manufacturing, chlorination of flour is used to control the spread treated flour reduces the spread and provides a tighter surface. The changes of functional properties of the flour proteins are likely to be caused by their oxidation. In countries where bleached flour is prohibited, plain flour can be treated in a domestic microwave to produce similar chemical changes to the bleaching process. This improves the final texture of baked goods made to recipes intended for bleached flours. ref name kate flour cite web last first Kate authorlink coauthors title Kate Flour work publisher A Merrier World date 2008 url http amerrierworld.com kate flour format doi accessdate 2011 09 12 ref There is a misconception that alloxan , a destroyer of beta cells in the pancreas, is used to bleach flour. Though the process of bleaching flour can produce trace amounts of alloxan ... more details
Infobox nrhp name Providence Dyeing, Bleaching, Calendring Company nrhp type image caption location Providence, Rhode Island lat degrees 41 lat minutes 49 lat seconds 7 lat direction N long degrees 71 long minutes 26 long seconds 31 long direction W locmapin Rhode Island area built 1837 architect Sheldon, Frank P. architecture Other added October 18, 2004 governing body Private refnum 04000809 ref name nris NRISref 2007a ref Providence Dyeing, Bleaching, Calendring Company or Valley Bleachery is an historic site located at 46,50,52,60 Valley Street and 80 Delaine Street in Providence, Rhode Island . The mill was built in 1837 by Frank P. Sheldon and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. References reflist See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island Registered Historic Places Category Buildings and structures completed in 1837 Category Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Category Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island RhodeIsland NRHP stub ... more details
Elemental chlorine free ECF is a technique that uses chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of wood pulp . It does not use elemental chlorine gas during the bleaching process and prevents the formation of dioxins and dioxin like compounds , carcinogen s. Totally chlorine free TCF is paper that does not use any chlorine compounds for wood pulp bleaching. See also Environmental issues with paper References Reflist External links http www.aet.org epp brochure 0806.pdf Alliance for Environmental Technology ECF The Sustainable Technology Category Paper sustainability stub ... more details
DHW may stand for Desperate Housewives Department of Housing and Works Department of Health and Welfare Dhanwar Rai language Domestic hot water plumbing Degree Heating Weeks coral bleaching indices disambig de DHW it DHW ... more details
Wiktionary Keeve and Keeving are terms used in Cider making Ore dressing Topography where a kieve is an underwater basin Kier industrial , or keeve, kier, or kieve, a large boiler or vat used in bleaching cotton Distinguish from Kiev disambig ... more details
Hair dye stripping , also known as color correction, is a process used to rid the hair of unwanted color. ref cite web title What is Hair Dye Stripping? url http a.wisegeek.com what is hair dye stripping.htm accessdate 7 November 2011 ref Procedure Hair stripping is similar to bleaching the hair, except that more intense products are used. The bleaching product raises sulfite levels and makes the hair more porous . This allows all of the color in the hair to be removed. After this process, the hair usually becomes a very ashey blonde color or often auburn. Other dyes may then be added to the hair. References references Hair colors Category Hair color Fashion stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2011 Normanby Island North Queensland is part of the Frankland Islands 30 km North East of Babinda and South West of Cairns . The Frankland Islands are teeming with permanent and migratory marine life, especially the Green Sea Turtle which nests on the island. Normanby Island, part of the Frankland Islands group offers a comprehensive reef system with a tropical island. These islands are very popular with reef tour operators working from Cairns. Australian Institute Marine Science Randomly located sites on the western sides of the Frankland Islands were surveyed early in 1995, and three sites with permanent markers were set up on the exposed eastern and the sheltered western faces in 1998. These sites were surveyed in January 1999, November 1999 and December 2001. Sites on both faces of these islands were surveyed using fixed transects at the height of the bleaching in April 1998. Over 60 of the hard coral bleaching corals bleached . All coral groups except poritids were extensively bleached. Poritids were only slightly affected, with less than 10 of colonies bleaching. Coral death after bleaching led to significant reductions in the cover of all coral groups. Pocilloporids were most severely affected with almost 100 mortality, but even the cover of poritids declined slightly. Bleaching in 1998 reduced average hard coral cover on Frankland Is. fringing reefs from 67 to 37 . Reductions were similar on both the eastern and western reefs. Over 70 of soft corals primarily Sinularia spp. also bleached, but these apparently recovered and soft coral cover increased slightly between the 1998 and 1999 surveys. Eastern reefs were also affected by the crown of thorns starfish , Acanthaster planci COTS in 1998. Following the losses from bleaching and COTS, a few small pocilloporids recruits were recorded on both sides of the islands in December 2000. Aerial photos and maps Geolinks AUS suburbscale long 146.077 lat 17.207 See also Portal Queensland Li ... more details
wiktionarypar bleach Bleach is a chemical that removes color or whitens. Bleach may also refer to Bleach American band , an American Christian rock group Bleach Bleach album Bleach Bleach album , their third album Bleach British band , a British shoegazing group active in the early 1990s Bleach Japanese band , a Japanese all girl punk group, known as Bleach03 in North America Bleach album Bleach album , an album by Nirvana Bleach , a song by Easyworld from This Is Where I Stand Bleach manga Bleach manga , a Japanese comic and media franchise Bleach Nintendo home consoles series Bleach Nintendo home consoles series , part of the franchise Bleach film Bleach film , a 1998 science fiction short film Bleach , a 2002 film starring Brian Austin Green See also Anal bleaching Bleaching of wood pulp , whitening and lignin removal from wood pulp Textile bleaching Coral bleaching , a pathological response of coral to environmental stresses Skin whitening Tooth bleaching disambig cs Bleach de Bleach es Bleach desambiguaci n fr Bleach gl Bleach hom nimos ko id Bleach disambiguasi it Bleach hu Bleach egy rtelm s t lap nl Bleach ja no Bleach pl Bleach pt Bleach ru Bleach fi Bleach tr Bleach vi Bleach nh h ng ... more details
Flour treatment agents also called improving agents or dough improvers are food additive s combined with flour to improve baking functionality. There are wide ranges of these conditioners used in bakery processing, which fall into four main categories bleaching agents, oxidizing and reducing agents, enzymes and emulsifiers. Flour bleaching agent s are added to flour to make it appear whiter freshly milled flour is yellowish , to oxidize the surfaces of the flour grains, and help with developing of gluten . Oxidizing agents are added to flour to help with gluten development. They may or may not also act as bleaching agents. Originally flour was naturally aged through exposure to the atmosphere. Oxidizing agents primarily affect sulphur containing amino acids that ultimalty help form a disulphide bridge between gluten molecules. The addition of these agents to flour will create a stronger dough. ref Hui and Corke 2006, p. 233. ref Common oxidizing agents are various flour bleaching agents azodicarbonamide E number E 927 carbamide E927b potassium bromate E924, the component which gives bromated flour its name, used mainly in the midwest and east of the US, acts as a bleaching agent ascorbic acid used mainly in the western US, helps form gluten phosphate s malted barley potassium iodate Reducing agents help to weaken the flour by breaking the protein network. This will help with various aspects of handling a strong dough. The benefits of adding these agents are reduced mixing time, reduced dough elastity, reduced proofing time, and improved machinability. ref Hui and Corke 2006, p. 233. ref Common reducing agents are L cysteine hydrochloride L cysteine E920, E921 quantities in the tens of Parts per million ppm range help soften the dough and thus reduce processing time fumeric acid sodium bisulphate non leavened yeast ascorbic acid E number infobox 920 929 Notes Reflist References Hui Y and Cork H 2006 . Bakery products science and technology. Blackwell Publishing. DEFA ... more details
Moroxite is a mineral , a crystallized form of apatite . It has a greenish blue or brown color. It is found in Aren dal , Norway, and also in Pargas , Finland. The name is derived from a certain Greek word applied to a stone used by the Ancients in bleaching linen. References http www.mindat.org min 10351.html Mindat.org http www.farlang.com gemstones streeter precious stones page 306 Precious Stones & Gems Category Phosphate minerals phosphate mineral stub Orphan date November 2006 ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date August 2008 Xeesal is a technique of skin bleaching practiced by Senegal ese women. It is a way of making their skin paler by applying ointments. Wealthy women prefer to buy the products from the pharmacy. Those with less money buy the products from markets, or make their own. However, all of these products have common side effects namely, an offensive odour, and the ability to cause, among other things, skin cancer . Category Senegalese culture senegal stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Utocolor was a color photography system, particularly designed for Color motion picture film motion picture color , invented by Dr. J.H. Smith in 1895. It was a three color subtractive transfer process using the bleach out dye destruction method for making a color print by printing from a color transparency. It depends upon the bleaching property of certain wavelengths for certain dyes. Category Film and video technology Filming stub ... more details
unreferenced date May 2009 Ambodivahibe Marine Reserve is a new marine protected area that was identified during a marine Rapid assessment RAP in the north east of Madagascar as an unusually rich zone for marine biodiversity . A cool upwelling from the deep bay is thought to provide natural resilience to coral bleaching and this may explain the unusually pristine coral habitat. Category Marine sanctuaries fr R serve marine d Ambodivahibe ... more details
Summary Information Description Photograph of Moniteau County, Missouri, courthouse in California, Missouri. Saturation tweaked to compensate for bleaching by strong light. Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date Author User RebelAt font color 3333CC font size 1 color red The Rebel At font font other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
File Totally chlorine free ecolabel.png thumb right The TCF ecolabel . Totally chlorine free TCF is a technique that uses no chlorine compounds for the bleaching of wood pulp for paper production. This prevents the formation of Dioxins and dioxin like compounds dioxins , highly carcinogen ic pollutants. Elemental chlorine free ECF is a technique that uses chlorine compounds rather than chlorine gas. See also Environmental issues with paper References Reflist External links http www.chlorinefreeproducts.org Chlorine Free Products Association Category Paper sustainability stub ... more details
Stage wash can refer to Stage wash audio , during an amplified concert performance, unwanted sound picked up by the microphones Stage wash lighting , general area lighting composed of a single hue, evenly balanced in level across the stage Stage wash automobile , a car wash that is performed in stages, usually automated Stage wash fabric , a fading or bleaching action followed by a dye rinse, usually refers to denim jeans disambig ... more details
Physical and chemical property changes of materials induced by radiation . br br br Examples Bleaching of linen Formation of latent image in photography Embrittlement of optically transparent polymers such as poly methyl methacrylate lucite . references br br See also Radiation sensitivity Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids Journal Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids Category Radiation effects ... more details
Bleaching susceptibility and mortality of corals are determined by fine scale differences in symbiont ... types of thermally resistant clade C symbionts, allow corals to avoid bleaching as severely ... after multiple coral bleaching events. ref name Berkelmans ref Reef recovery File Keppelbleaching.jpg ... to resist coral bleaching Research studies of the Mediterranean species of coral Oculina patagonica ... in post bleaching recovery. ref name Fine Fine, Maoz, Loya, Yossi 2002 http rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org ... during coral bleaching Proceedings of the Royal Society, 269 1497 1205 1210. ref During bleaching ... Biomass ecology biomass and production of photoassimilate s. ref name Fine ref During bleaching, the energy ... after bleaching events. ref name Fine ref Managing coral reefs In an attempt to prevent coral bleaching, scientists are experimenting by seeding corals that can host multiple types of zooxanthellae ... after bleaching. ref name reefresilience The Nature Conservancy has developed, and is continually refining ... species in management in MPAs will help protect corals from bleaching events and other natural disturbances ... more details
Summary Read by user freakofnurture . 02 38, 7 February 2006 UTC Category Spoken articles Anal bleaching is the process of http www.analbleaching.org is anal lightening safe.html lightening the skin on and surrounding the anus. This skin is typically dark from years of anal staining as well as basic hereditary issues. Many people find the darkness to be unappealing, so they use http www.analbleaching.org anal bleach.html anal bleach products to lighten the skin and create a more uniform appearance and skin tone. Licensing GFDL with disclaimers migration relicense Orphan image ... more details
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