Wiktionarypar applicationApplication may refer to Application for employment Application software Function application in mathematics and computer science disambig cs Aplikace da Applikation de Applikation es Aplicaci n fr Application ko pl Aplikacja simple Application sk Aplik cia sl Aplikacija ur Application ... more details
unreferenced date January 2011 Orphan date September 2008 A virtual application is an application that has been optimized to run on virtual infrastructure. The application software along with Jeos Just Enough Operating System JeOS or juice is combined inside a virtual machine container in a manner that maximizes the performance of the application. By minimizing the system software to the smallest set of packages required to support the application, the maintenance and administration burden of the virtual application is greatly reduced. By including Application streaming in the design of an application server capable of hosting a Virtual Application, no application specific code need reside on the server at all. Packages of code reside on the server, but the details on how they are to be invoked in order to create the functionality that adds up to the application, gets passed to the server as and when needed. In effect the application does not exist on the server at all. Though clients can still invoke it almost as if it did. The difference being that the incoming request must either include application logic exploiting the code packages on the server , or information on where to locate such logic in a repository. Virtual appliance s are a category of virtual applications which are further optimized for simplified setup and configuration by the customer and remote management by the application vendor. See also Application virtualization Jeos Just Enough Operating System Virtual appliance rPath Application streaming Green computing Category Virtualization software ... more details
orphan date November 2010 unreferenced date November 2010 The Uncommon Application was an application created by The University of Chicago in response to the growing homogenization of College Applications in the Common Application System. However, as of the 2011 12 Freshman class, this has been dismantled, and instead Chicago asks for an uncommon supplement on the Common Application. Category University of Chicago ... more details
Application retirement is the practice of shutting down redundant or obsolete business applications while retaining access to the historical data computing . Legacy application s are often maintained solely to provide infrequent or sporadic access to the data within the application database for regulatory or business purposes. With organizations spending upwards of 75 of their application software budgets on ongoing maintenance ref http whitepapers.zdnet.com abstract.aspx?docid 947913 A Practical Guide for Retiring Applications by Informatica 2009 ref , application retirement can deliver significant cost savings. The act of application retirement usually involves relocating data from the legacy application database to another data repository or archive store that can be accessed independently using Standardization industry standard reporting or business intelligence tools. Application retirement allows IT departments within companies to reduce the software, hardware and resources required to manage legacy data. Application retirement is also referred to as application decommissioning ref ftp ftp.software.ibm.com software data sw library data management optim whitepapers appretire wp us.pdf Application Decommissioning and Consolidation Projects Strategies that Deliver ROI by IBM 2009 ref and application sunsetting. References reflist Category Business software ... more details
Refimprove date March 2008 Computer application streaming is a form of on demand software distribution. The basic concept of application streaming has its foundation in the way modern computer programming languages and operating systems produce and run application code. Only specific parts of a computer ... over a low bandwidth network as and when they are required. Application streaming is usually combined with application virtualization , so that applications are not installed in the traditional sense. Stream server An application is Packaged and stored on a streaming server. ref name CSFB ref name Datamation Packaging or sequencing produces an image of the application in a way that either ... of Application The initial launch of an application would be important for the end user and the Packaging ... name CSFB ref name Datamation In this case the client is pulling the application from the stream server. Otherwise, the full application might be delivered from the server to the client in background. In this case, the server pushes the application to the client. Advantages Given the complexity of modern applications, many functions are never or seldom used, and pulling the application on demand ... blog virtualization application streaming and why your organization should care 195 title Application Streaming And Why Your Organization Should Care date 2007 07 25 publisher ZDNet.com author ... cite web url http itmanagement.earthweb.com netsys article.php 3764396 Virtual Panacea Found in Application Streaming.htm title Virtual Panacea Found in Application Streaming date 2008 08 11 publisher Datamation accessdate 2010 09 10 ref Accelerated application deployment ref name CSFB cite web url ... of Age date 2007 11 26 publisher Credit Suisse accessdate 2008 03 03 ref Centralised application management ... Found in Application Streaming.htm title Virtual Panacea Found in Application Streaming date ... systemcenter appv default.mspx Microsoft Application Virtualization Symantec Workspace Streaming ... more details
In the Common Language Runtime CLR , an application domain is a mechanism similar to a process computing process in an operating system used to isolate executed software application s from one another so that they do not affect each other. Each application domain has its own virtual address space which Scope programming scopes the resources for the application domain using that address space . Properties A Common Language Runtime application domain is contained within an operating system process. A process may contain many application domains. Application Domains have isolation properties similar to that of operating system processes Multiple Thread computer science threads can exist within a single application domain. The application in a domain can be stopped without affecting the state of another domain in the same process. A fault or exception handling exception in one domain does not affect an application in another domain or crash the entire process that hosts the domains. Configuration information is part of a domain s scope, not the scope of the process. Each domain can be assigned different security access levels. Code in one domain cannot directly access code in another. In this sense, the CLR is like a mini operating system. It runs a single process that contains a number of sub processes, or application domains. The advantage of Application Domains is that running multiple Application Domains requires fewer resources, such as memory, than running multiple operating system processes. A fault or exception in one domain does not affect an application in another domain ... cannot be achieved across application domains. However, application domains can still talk to each ... unbound objects , marshaling by reference through a proxy application domain bound objects . There is a third ... domains and also within the context of its own application domain. Because of the verifiable type ... blog http msdn.microsoft.com en us library 2bh4z9hs VS.71 .aspx Microsoft Developer Network Page on Application ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 In computer programming , an application framework or application development framework consists of a software framework used by software developer s to implement the standard structure of an application software application for a specific development environment such as an operating system or a web application . Application frameworks became popular with the rise of graphical user interface graphical user interfaces GUIs , since these tended to promote a standard structure for applications. Programmers find it much simpler to create automatic GUI creation tools when using a standard framework, since this defines the underlying code structure of the application in advance. Developers usually use object oriented programming techniques to implement frameworks such that the unique parts of an application can simply inherit from pre existing classes in the framework. Citation needed date April 2007 Examples Apple Computer developed one of the first commercial application frameworks, MacApp , for the Apple Macintosh Macintosh . Originally written in an extended object oriented version of Pascal programming language Pascal , it later appeared rewritten in C . Other popular frameworks for the Mac include Metrowerks PowerPlant and MacZoop both based on Carbon computing Carbon . Cocoa software Cocoa for Mac OS X offers a different approach to an application framework. Free software frameworks exist as part of the Mozilla application framework Mozilla , OpenOffice.org , GNOME , KDE , and Eclipse software Eclipse projects. Microsoft markets a framework for developing Microsoft Windows Windows applications in C called the Microsoft Foundation Classes or Microsoft MFC MFC . A number of frameworks are used to create applications for Linux , Macintosh, and Windows ... toolkit , or Eclipse software Eclipse RCP . Oracle Application Development Framework Oracle ADF aids ... Optimization Infrastructure & Application Platform References reflist Category Application programming ... more details
In software engineering , a monolithic application describes a single tiered Application software software application in which the user interface and data access code are combined into a single program from a single Platform computing platform . A monolithic application is self contained, and independent from other computing applications. The design philosophy is that the application is responsible not just for a particular task, but can perform every step needed to complete a particular function. ref ICCI http itc.fgg.uni lj.si projects icci glossary.cgi Show?bda1 Monolithic Applications Retrieved on 5 August 2007 ref ref Information Technology Services http www.its.state.nc.us Information Glossary glossm.asp Monolithis Application Retrieved on 3 August 2007 ref Today, some personal finance applications are monolithic in the sense that they help the user carry out a complete task, end to end .... Word processor s are an example of a monolithic application. ref Microsoft http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library aa480455.aspx Three tier Application Retrieved on 3 August 2007 ref These applications ... Multitier architecture Software architecture In software engineering, a monolithic application describes a software application which is designed without modularity. Modularity is desirable, in general, as it supports reuse of parts of the application logic and also facilitates maintenance by allowing repair or replacement of parts of the application without requiring wholesale replacement. Modularity ... allows developers to reuse and repair parts of the application, but development tools are required to perform these maintenance functions e.g. the application may need to be recompiled . Object based modularity provides the application as a collection of separate executable files which may be independently maintained and replaced without redeploying the entire application e.g. Microsoft dll files ... specific communication standard protocols to communicate between modules. The extent to which an application ... more details
In computing , the term composite application expresses a perspective of software engineering that defines an application built by combining multiple existing functions into a new application. The technical concept can be compared to Mashup web application hybrid mashups . However, composite applications use business sources e.g., existing modules or even Web services of information, while mashups usually rely on web based, and often free, sources. It is wrong to assume that composite applications are by definition part of a service oriented architecture SOA . Composite applications can be built using any technology or architecture. A composite application consists of functionality drawn from several different sources. The components may be individual selected functions from within other applications, or entire systems whose outputs have been packaged as business functions, modules, or web services. Composite applications often incorporate orchestration computers orchestration of local application logic to control how the composed functions interact with each other to produce the new, derived functionality. For composite applications that are based on SOA, WS CAF is a Web services standard for composite applications ref http www.oasis open.org committees tc home.php?wg abbrev ws caf OASIS Web Services Composite Application Framework WS CAF TC ref . See also Service oriented architecture Web 2.0 Service component architecture Mashup web application hybrid External links http research.ihost.lv ... developerworks blogs page CompApps IBM DeveloperWorks Composite Application Blog http mediaproducts.gartner.com reprints microsoft vol3 article5 article5.html Magic Quadrant for Application Infrastructure for SOA Composite Application Projects Gartner http msdn.microsoft.com en us library cc707819.aspx Composite application guidance from patterns & practices References references Software eng stub Category Web services Category Service oriented business computing fr Application composite ... more details
In computer science, an application profile is a set of metadata elements, policies, and guidelines defined for a particular application. ref name Dublin Core glossary Application profile cite web title Dublin Core metadata glossary url http dublincore.org documents 2001 04 12 usageguide glossary.shtml A accessdate 2006 06 08 ref The elements may be from one or more element sets, thus allowing a given application to meet its functional requirements by using metadata from several element sets including locally defined sets. For example, a given application might choose a subset of the Dublin Core that meets its needs, or may include elements from the Dublin Core, another element set, and several locally defined elements, all combined in a single schema. An application profile is not complete without documentation that defines the policies and best practices appropriate to the application Advantages Defines an application appropriate set of properties in a public and communicable manner. This permits the building of loosely coupled systems i.e. independent of each others detailed specification that still offer powerful capabilities. Disadvantages Narrow application scope, which may limit a profile s widespread applicability and also limits the likely synergy from re use of tools from other projects outside that scope. Compared to the Dublin Core refinement approach where a core property set may be made more specific, in a backwards compatible manner , use of application profiles requires that applications must at least recognise these profiles and their roots. Even if the profile is based simply on Dublin Core, which the application already understands, this is of no use unless the application also recognises that this profile is treatable as Dublin Core. Example profiles Bath Profile An International Z39.50 Specification for Library Applications and Resource Discovery ref ... Standard. An application profile of Dublin Core . References reflist Category Metadata ... more details
Embedded application may refer to Embedded system Embedded operating system disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Application virtualization is an umbrella term that describes software technologies that improve portability, manageability and compatibility of Application software applications by encapsulating them from the underlying operating system on which they are executed. A fully virtualized application is not installed ... products windowsvista enterprise softgrid.mspx title Introducing Microsoft SoftGrid Application Virtualization publisher Microsoft ref , although it is still executed as if it were. The application ... refers to the artifact being encapsulated application , which is quite different to its ... . Description Limited application virtualization is used in modern operating systems such a Microsoft ... of application virtualisation Illustration of an application running in a native environment and running in an application virtualisation environment Full application virtualization requires a virtualization layer. ref name Husain cite web url http vdiworks.com wp ?p 15 title How to build an Application ... Application virtualization layers replace part of the runtime environment normally provided by the operating ... Microsoft Windows Vista Migration Through Application Virtualization date 2008 01 28 accessdate 2008 06 19 author Coby Gurr format PDF ref The application never knows that it s accessing a virtual resource instead of a physical one. Since the application is now working with one file instead of many files and registry entries spread throughout the system, it becomes easy to run the application ... , Citrix XenApp , Novell ZENworks Application VIrtualization , Endeavors Technologies Application Jukebox, Microsoft Application Virtualization , Software Virtualization Solution , VMware ThinApp and InstallAware Virtualization . Related Technologies Technology categories that fall under application virtualization include application streaming Application Streaming . Pieces of the application s code, data, and settings are delivered when they re first needed, instead of the entire application ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A vertical application or vertical market application, is software defined by requirements for a single, or narrowly defined, market. It contrasts with horizontal application . Citation needed date May 2008 An example of a vertical application is software that helps doctors manage patient records, insurance billing, etc. Software like this can be purchased off the shelf and used as is, or the Physician doctor can hire a consultant to modify the software to accommodate the needs of the doctor. The software is specifically designed to be used by any doctor s office, but would not be useful to any other entity. Citation needed date May 2008 DEFAULTSORT Vertical Application Category Computing terminology software type stub es Aplicaci n vertical it Applicativi verticali ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 The Application Kit is a collection of classes within the OpenStep specification and provided by such operating systems as OPENSTEP , GNUstep , and Mac OS X under Cocoa API Cocoa , providing classes oriented around graphical user interface capabilities. An equivalent in Cocoa Touch is UIKit. Of the more than 170 classes included in the Application Kit, the following classes form the core ref http developer.apple.com mac library documentation cocoa Reference ApplicationKit ObjC classic index.html Application Kit Framework Reference . Retrieved 02 Jun 2010. ref code NSApplication code code NSWindow code code NSView code code NSResponder code References reflist Category NeXT Category Mac OS X Category Application programming interfaces Unix stub pt Application Kit ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 In the USA, an application analyst is someone whose job is to support a given application software application or applications. This may entail some programming , some system administration skills, and the ability to analyse a given problem, diagnose it and find its root cause, and then either solve it or pass the problem on to the relevant people if it does not lie within the application analyst s area of responsibility. Typically an application analyst will be responsible for supporting bespoke i.e. custom applications programmed with a variety of programming languages and using a variety of database systems, middleware systems and the like. It is a form of 3rd level line technical support . The role may or may not involve some customer contact but most often it involves getting some description of the problem from helpdesk , making a diagnosis and then either creating a fix or passing the problem on to someone who is responsible for the actual problem area. In some companies, an application analyst is a would be software architect . DEFAULTSORT Application Analyst Category Computer occupations Job stub ... more details
An originating application is the first, Provisional application provisional , or primary application in any legal process, such as a lawsuit , application for a real estate Mortgage loan mortgage , patent , or bankruptcy petition . In Australia , it is the first claim made in its Supreme Court. ref http www.courts.qld.gov.au practice legislation Civil pdf Form 205 20 20Originating 20Application.pdf Government of Australia official web site PDF required ref In England , it is a term desaribing the initial bankruptcy petition. ref http www.oyezformslink.co.uk f title buy 4951.htm Oyez Forms commercial web site ref It may also be used in England for administrative appeals. ref http www.admin.ox.ac.uk ps managers grievance tribunal.shtml University of Oxford official web site ref In the United States , an originating application is usually reserved for the first form filed to secure a bank loan or mortgage. References reflist See also Provisional application Patent prosecution Continuing patent application law stub Category Lawsuits Category Patent law Category Real property law Category Real estate ... more details
Under United States patent law , a provisional application for patent is a Legal instrument legal document ... application within one year. There is no such thing as a provisional patent . ref David Pressman, Patent It Yourself , Nolo Press, 2006, page 56, ISBN 1 4133 0516 4. ref A provisional application includes ... of the application in view of the prior art is performed, the USPTO fee for filing a provisional patent application is significantly lower than the fee required to file a standard non provisional patent application. A provisional patent application can establish an early effective filing date in one or more continuing patent application s later priority right claiming the priority date of an invention ... application was introduced to U.S. patent law with a 1994 amendment of the Patent Act of 1952 ... of the provisional application thus provided a domestic filing equivalent matching the 12 ... century. Characteristics The earliest filing date of a provisional application may be very important ... time to generate a complete non provisional application. In many cases, a provisional is filed ... novelty patent novelty . In other cases the provisional application is filed soon after such a disclosure ... patent application can also be used as the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial ... Cooperation Treaty international application , but not for a design patent . The filing of a provisional application triggers a review period for the U.S. license necessary for the subsequent ... English , a translation will be required when and if a non provisional application claims the benefit of the provisional. A provisional application, as such, is never patent application examined ... a part of any later non provisional application file that references it, and thus becomes public upon ... pac provapp.htm Provisional Application for Patent published by the United States Patent & Trademark ... 12 month provisional application period. This pilot program would not change the requirement ... more details
cleanup date January 2011 An application server is a software framework that provides an environment ... a Java application server basically provides an implementation of the servlet specification, probably .... An application server is more and less, at the same time an application server provides an environment ... to differentiate servers that run SQL services ref cite web title Analysis in the Application Server ..., the term took on the meaning of Web application s, but has since evolved further into more of a comprehensive service layer. An application server acts as a set of components accessible to the software ... the construction of dynamic pages. However, present day application servers target much more ... to Java EE Java application servers. When this is the case, the application server behaves like an extended ... Java application servers The Web modules include servlets and JavaServer Pages . Business logic resides ... offers an EJB 3 container data structure container implementation for the JBoss application server .... JavaBeans are the independent class components of the Java architecture from Sun Microsystems . The application servers mentioned above mainly serve Web application s. Some application servers target ... of an application server. Third party Mono software Mono not fully .NET compatible , developed by Novell, Inc. , licensed under GPL . Base4 Application Server , an open source project TNAPS Application Server , freeware application server, developed by TN LLC, PHP application servers Are used for running and managing PHP application software applications . Zend Server , built by Zend Technologies , provides application server functionality for PHP based applications Other platforms Open source application servers also come from other vendors. Examples include Appaserver Spring Framework ... application integration and service oriented architecture were designed By whom date July 2009 to connect the many different products. These specifications include Business Application Programming ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 An application firewall is a form of Firewall computing firewall which controls input output input , output , and or System call access from, to, or by an application or service ... service calls which do not meet the configured policy of the firewall. The application firewall is typically ... for nearly any kind of network traffic. There are two primary categories of application firewalls, network based application firewalls and host based application firewalls . Network based application firewalls A network based application layer firewall is a computer networking firewall networking firewall operating at the application layer of a protocol stack , ref cite book title The Weakest Security Link Series edition 1st url http books.google.com books?id Yz34zXV7VB8C&pg PA54&dq application ... v onepage&q application 20layer 20firewall&f false author Luis F. Medina year 2003 pages 54 isbn 978 .... Application firewalls specific to a particular kind of network traffic may be titled with the service name, such as a web application firewall. They may be implemented through software running on a host ... s to proxy traffic before passing it on to the client or server. Because it acts on the application ..., viruses, attempts to exploit known logical flaws in client software. Network based application layer firewalls work on the Application Layer application level of the network stack for example, all web browser, telnet, or ftp traffic , and may intercept all packets traveling to or from an application. In principle, application firewalls can prevent all unwanted outside traffic from reaching protected machines. Modern application firewalls may also SSL acceleration offload encryption from servers , block application input output from detected intrusion prevention intrusions or Mangled packet ... at AT&T Laboratories , and Marcus Ranum described a third generation firewall known as an application ... software being used. The key benefit of application layer filtering is that it can understand certain ... more details
A situational application is good enough software created for a narrow group of users with a unique set of needs. The application typically but not always has a short life span, and is often created within the group where it is used, sometimes by the users themselves. As the requirements of a small team using the application change, the situational application often also continues to evolve to accommodate these changes. Although Situational Applications are specifically designed to embrace change, significant changes in requirements may lead to an abandonment of the situational application altogether in some cases it is just easier to develop a new one than to evolve the one in use. Characteristics Situational Applications are developed fast, easy to use, uncomplicated, and serve a unique set of requirements. They have a narrow focus on a specific business problem, and they are written in a way where if the business problem changes rapidly, so can the situational application. This contrasts with more common Enterprise Applications, which are designed to address a large set of business ... The successful large scale implementation of a situational application environment in an organization ... application development. This is now evolving as more companies learn how to best leverage the ideas behind situational applications. In addition, the advent of cloud based application development and deployment platforms makes the implementation of a comprehensive situational application environment much more feasible. Examples A structured wiki that can host wiki application s lends itself to creation of situational applications. Some Mashup web application hybrid mashups can also be considered situational applications. A forms application such as a Microsoft Access Database MDB file can be considered a situational application. The latest implementations of situational application ... application hybrid Wiki application External links http www.shirky.com writings situated software.html ... more details
An application for employment , job application , or application form often simply called an application is a Form document form or collection of forms that an individual seeking employment , called an applicant, must fill out as part of the process of informing an employer of the applicant s availability and desire to be employed, and persuading the employer to offer the applicant employment. Purpose of the application From the employer s perspective, the application serves a number of purposes. These vary depending on the nature of the job and the preferences of the person responsible for hiring, as each organization should have an application form that reflects its own environment . ref name DA111 Diane Arthur, Recruiting, Interviewing, Selecting & Orienting New Employees 1998 , p. 111. ref At a minimum, an application usually requires the applicant to provide information sufficient to demonstrate that he or she is legally permitted to be employed. The typical application also requires the applicant to provide information regarding relevant skill s, education , and previous employment. The application itself is a minor test of the applicant s literacy , penmanship , and communication skills a careless job applicant might disqualify themselves with a poorly filled out application. The application may also require the applicant to disclose any criminal record , and to provide information sufficient to enable the employer to conduct an appropriate background check . For a business that employs workers on a part time basis, the application may inquire as to the applicant s specific ... will frequently also require the applicant to complete a form application, as the other documents ... Owner s Manual 2005 , p. 122. ref In some instances, an application is effectively used to dissuade ... 1998 , p. 59. ref Application Sections Applications usually ask the applicant at the minimum ... skills the applicant might have. ref cite news title Sample Application publisher Asher Martin url ... more details
the pillars of an enterprise architecture or solution architecture . Note that the term application architecture without the s is commonly used for the internal structure of an application, for its ... of applications being used by an organization to create the composite application is scalable, reliable ... the composite application is implementing but also help formulate the deployment strategy ... of business requirements. This involves defining the interaction between application packages ... from Software Architecture which deals with design concerns of one application. Fact date October 2008 Application Architecture Strategy Strategy by definition is a stance and does not involve any action. Application Architecture Strategy involves ensuring the applications and the integrations align ... growth plans through acquisitions, the application architecture should be nimble enough to encompass inherited legacy systems as well as other large competing applications. Application Architecture Patterns Applications can be classified in various types depending on the Application Architecture ... blocks to address one or multiple architectural concerns. An application is a compilation of various functionalities all typically following the same pattern. This pattern defines the application s pattern. All applications follow one of the following industry standard Application Architecture ... to data Event Centric Data events which may have initially originated from a device, application, user ... application pattern depends on the organisation s industry and use of the component applications ... acquisitions. Tasks of an Application Architect An Application Architect is a master of everything application specific in an organization. Understand Application Suite An Application Architect provides strategic guidelines to the Application Maintenance teams by understanding all the applications ... and Availability Application Lifecycle stage Technological Risks Number of instances The above analysis ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced March 2009 notability March 2009 The term application posture characterizes the nature of a software application s interaction with its user. The term was coined by software design visionary Alan Cooper , who characterized four postures for applications sovereign, transient, daemonic and parasitic. A sovereign application is a program that monopolizes the user s attention for long periods of time. Cooper defined transient applications thus A transient posture program comes and goes, presenting a single, high relief function with a tightly restricted set of accompanying controls. The program is called when needed, it appears and performs its job, then it quickly leaves, letting the user continue her more normal activity, usually a sovereign application. Citation needed date March 2009 These classifications are key when designing an object oriented user interface because such an interface may not be suitable for a transient application. References Bibliography About Face by Cooper, Alan, Reimann, Robert & Cronin, David ISBN 978 0470084113 2007 External links http www.littlespringsdesign.com blog blog 2007 09 07 application posture DEFAULTSORT Application Posture Category Computing terminology Category User interface design ... more details
Patent law A patent application is a request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for the invention described and claim patent claimed by that application. An application consists of a description ... relating to the application. The term patent application is also used to refer to the process of applying ... the grant of a patent, a person, either legal or natural, must file an application at a patent office ... application is ambiguous. ref name Oxonica43 http www.bailii.org ew cases EWHC Patents 2008 2127.html ... privilege to which you will be entitled if your application be well founded is an institutional fact, and is temporal by its very nature. It ceases to exist as soon as your application is withdrawn ... s. ref The expression application is often employed without being conscious of its ambiguity. ref name ... a patent application is filed, that application could either be an application for a patent in a given country, or may be an application for a patent in a range of countries. The former are known ... Patent Office, to obtain a patent in the country of that office. The application may either be filed directly at that office, or may result from a regional application or from an international application ... A regional patent application is one which may have effect in a range of countries. The European ... a single application process. Filing and prosecuting an application at a regional granting office is advantageous ... Treaty PCT is operated by World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO and provides a centralised application ... 320px Exemplary PCT procedure, with a U.S. provisional application as a first filing The PCT system enables an applicant to file a single patent application in a single language. The application, called an international application, can, at a later date, lead to the grant of a patent in any of the states ... many of the formalities of a patent application in a centralised manner, therefore avoiding the need ... of which can have their own substantive and procedural rules. Standard application A standard ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In computing , a horizontal application is a Computer software software package designed to be used by many different kinds of organizations or individual users, such as office automation, Word processor word processing or bookkeeping software.These general purpose programs address the needs of many people. Marketing, Piping , Finance, Accounting and Management are main araes which are using horizontal applications. In contrast with vertical application . DEFAULTSORT Horizontal Application Category Computing terminology Compu stub es Aplicaci n horizontal ... more details
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