Expand section date June 2010 One source date June 2010 Added value in financial analysis of shares is to be distinguished from value added . Used as a measure of shareholder value , calculated using the formula Added Value Price that the product service is sold at cost of producing the product Added Value can also be defined as the difference between a particular product s final selling price and the direct and indirect input used in making that particular product. The difference is profit for the firm and its shareholders after all the costs and taxes owed by the business have been paid for that financial year. Value added or any related measure may help investors decide if this a business that is worthwhile investing on, or that there are other and better opportunities fixed deposit s, debenture s . EXAMPLE A A retailer, such as a jeweler could present items in an attractive display, create a luxury feel to the shop and offer a gift wrapping service. This could make the customers more willing to pay higher prices as they think that the products are of higher quality. For other consultancy measures for shareholder value, see Economic Value Added Market value added . References John Kay Kay, J . 1993 Foundations of Corporate Success , Oxford Oxford University Press. Category Financial economics tr Katma de er zh ... more details
other uses Value added disambiguation Value added refers to extra feature s of an item of interest product ... adding little or nothing to its cost. Value added features give competitive edges to companies with otherwise ... cost of a product is the value added per unit . Summing value added per unit over all units sold is total value added . Total value added is equivalent to Revenue less Outside Purchases of materials and services . Value Added is a higher portion of Revenue for integrated companies, e.g., manufacturing .... Total value added is very closely approximated by Total Labor Expense including wages, salaries .... The national value added is shared between capital and labor as the factors of production ... Accounts NIPA , gross value added is obtained by deducting intermediate consumption from gross output . Thus gross value added is equal to net output . Net value added is obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital or depreciation charges from gross value added. Net value added therefore ... of net national product, or net value added, since it is the value of the gross product minus .... In turn, value added is equal to the sum of variable capital labor s compensation and surplus value pre tax profit income . The argument is that labor creates a new value value added that covers ... for money . In contrast, Neoclassical economics regards the incomes constituting added value as the reward ... between Marxist and neo classical accounting of value added A difference between Marxist theory and conventional ... many property rents are excluded from new value added and net product on the ground that they do not reflect a productive contribution. Value added tax Main Value added tax Value added tax VAT is a tax ..., so that the net VAT is based on the value added by producing this good or service. See also Added value Gross output Gross value added Intermediate consumption Economic value added National accounts ... Value marketing Value added theory Value added reseller Value product References No footnotes date ... more details
In fluid mechanics , added mass or virtual mass is the inertia added to a system because an accelerating ..., to various degrees. The dimensionless added mass coefficient is the added mass divided by the displaced fluid mass i.e. fluid density times the volume of the body. In general, the added mass ... 0 262 14026 8 nopp yes pages 4.13, p. 139 ref The concept of added mass can be thought of as a classical ... with relativistic mass increase. History Friedrich Bessel proposed the concept of added ... is accelerated as if it had an added mass of half the fluid it displaces, and there is also an additional force contribution on the right hand side due to acceleration of the fluid. Applications The added ... of the mass and added mass. This sum is commonly known as the virtual mass . A simple formulation of the added mass for a spherical body permits Newton s classical second law to be written in the form math F m ,a math pad 2em becomes pad 2em math F m m text added ,a. math One can show that the added ... body, the added mass becomes a tensor referred to as the induced mass tensor , with components depending on the direction of motion of the body. Not all elements in the added mass tensor will have ... 2 sup . All bodies accelerating in a fluid will be affected by added mass, but since the added mass ... the density of the body, the added mass can often be greater than the mass of the body and neglecting ... in water has a mass of math tfrac 4 3 pi r 3 rho text air math but an added mass of math tfrac 2 ... for temperature and pressure RTP , the added mass in this case is approximately 400 times ... platforms. In ship design, the energy required to accelerate the added mass must be taken into account when performing a sea keeping analysis. For ships, the added mass can easily reach or of the mass ... drag force s. Since added mass is a virtual mass and not a real mass, it is not taken into account for structural designs. In aircraft, the added mass is not usually taken into account because ... more details
No Value Added NVA is a management term loosely related to the Lean Manufacturing movement as codified in the 1980s by a landmark Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT study ref The Machine That Changed the World ref of the Automaker automobile industry , which explained lean production for the first time. No Value Added programs can be formal or whimsical. Generally, they involved seeking input and opinion from every level of the organization about rules, processes or process elements which are said to be no value added. In one form, the proponent of an activity accused of being NVA must defend it, or suspend it. In a milder form, the proponent or process owner of an activity accused of being NVA is simply informed that it is seen in that light. Oddly, this milder form is often effective because in a large organization, the original reason for an activity can be long forgotten, similar to caboose cabooses which came into use in the 1830s ref www.uprr.com aboutup history caboose caboo01.shtml ref , but eventually had no useful purpose and became NVA. Some claim that this NVA is a jibe at Net Value Added accounting methods , which were held in low esteem by some Lean advocates, and high esteem by others. References reflist Category Lean concepts ... more details
Added Art uses an existing piece of artwork for its canvas, just as traditional graffiti uses the wall of a building for the canvas. It is essentially the graffiti of artwork. Added Art is a merging of high and low art, using the concepts of graffiti, in a high art environment. Adding to someone else s work has been a very common occurrence in graffiti for decades. In the urban environment, it is typically considered aggressive or antagonistic in nature ref http www.myartspace.com blog 2009 04 street art defacement appropriate media.html ref ref http www.myballard.com 2009 07 06 vandals deface bergen place mural ref , but also form of competition. However, it is still considered a taboo in the more established high arts, even though it has been practiced for over fifty years by stalwarts such as Rauschenberg ref http time4time.blogspot.com 2007 06 robert raushenberg erased de kooning.html ref .In more recent examples, Banksy has done several added art pieces over Damien Hirst Damien Hirst s spot painting ref http www.artofthestate.co.uk banksy banksy versus bristol museum 044 hirst roller rat.htm ref ref http www.flickr.com photos edcotton 2266287615 ref , and Mat Benote used an untitled work by Robert Morris artist Robert Morris at the MoMA in NYC as a canvas ref http www.juxtapoz.com Current controversial graffiti artist mat benote strikes the guggenheim ref . A very interesting example was done by the Chapman Brothers , who painted over sketches originally created by Adolf Hitler ref http www.independent.co.uk arts entertainment art news the art of adolf hitler with a little help from the chapman brothers 836755.html ref . See also Graffiti Art graffiti References reflist External links http nymag.com news features 32388 http www.youtube.com watch?v tpCWh3IFtDQ Category Art genres art stub fr Art libre ... more details
mergeto Nephi Anderson date December 2010 Added Upon is the first and most popular novel written by Mormon novelist Nephi Anderson . Originally published in 1898 and significantly enlarged and expanded the 1912 fifth edition, the book was in print until 2005. The story concerns several spirit children of God who move from the Pre existence Pre mortal existence in Mormonism .28Latter day Saints.29 pre existence , to mortal life, to their Exaltation LDS Church eternal reward , interacting with each other at each step. The novel influenced many subsequent Mormon works of literature, notably Saturday s Warrior . External links http www.gutenberg.org etext 17249 Text of the novel on Gutenberg 19thC novel stub 1910s novel stub LDS stub Category LDS fiction ... more details
Value added is offering additional features with goods or services. Water may also refer to Value added tax A tax based on gross profits the difference between the cost of goods sold and the selling price Value added modeling A method of teacher evaluation that attempts to identify how much student achievement is due to the teacher Value added reseller A company that adds features to an existing product, then resells it, usually to end users Value added service Extra services in the telecommunications industry Value added network A hosted service offering that acts as an intermediary between business partners Value added theory or social strain theory Value added agriculture Manufacturing processes that increase the value of primary agricultural commodities Value Added Producer Grants A US program Value added chain disambig ... more details
No footnotes date January 2009 A value added reseller VAR is a company law company that adds features or services to an existing product, then resells it usually to end users as an integrated product or complete turn key solution. This practice occurs commonly in the electronics industry, where, for example, a VAR might bundle a software application with supplied hardware . The added value can come from professional services such as integrating, customizing, consulting, training and implementation. The value can also be added by developing a specific application for the product designed for the customer s needs which is then resold as a new package.VARs incorporate platform software into their own software product packages ref compuBase ref . The term is often used in the computer industry, where a company purchases computer components and builds for example a fully operational personal computer personal computer system usually customized for a specific task such as non linear video editing . By doing this, the company has added value above the cost of the individual computer components. Customers would purchase the system from the reseller if they lack the time or experience to assemble the system themselves ref compuBase ref . See also Systems integrator Original equipment manufacturer External links http www.compubase.net IT Telecom Distribution Glossary a192.html Defining a Value Added Reseller VAR http www.allbusiness.com technology services value added reseller var 1475 1.html What Is a Value Added Reseller? http searchitchannel.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid96 gci213274,00.html What is VAR? Category Types of companies Category Business terms External links Reflist Business term stub de Value added Reseller fr VAR Value added Reseller ja pt Value added Reseller ru Value Added Reseller uk Value added reseller zh ... more details
Market Value Added MVA is the difference between the current market value of a firm and the capital economics capital contributed by investor s. If MVA is positive, the firm has added value. If it is negative, the firm has destroyed value. The amount of value added needs to be greater than the firm s investors could have achieved investing in the market portfolio, adjusted for the leverage beta coefficient of the firm relative to the market. The formula for MVA is math MVA V K , math where MVA is market value added V is the market value of the firm, including the value of the firm s Ownership equity equity and debt K is the capital invested in the firm MVA is the present value of a series of Economic value added EVA values. MVA is economically equivalent to the traditional Net present value NPV measure of worth for evaluating an after tax cash flow profile of a project if the cost of capital is used for discounting. References G. Bennett Stewart III, The Quest for Value HarperCollins, 1991 . See also Economic value added Enterprise value Financial modeling Net present value corporate finance and investment banking Category Financial markets econ stub de Market Value Added ... more details
Image Sus chord.png thumb 250px right Suspended chord sus2 and added tone chord ninth add9 both with D octave equivalency ninth second , distinguished by the absence or presence of the third E music flat . ref Hawkins, Stan. Prince musician Prince Harmonic Analysis of Lovesexy Anna Stesia , p.329 and 334n7, Popular Music , Vol. 11, No. 3 Oct., 1992 , pp. 325 335. ref An added tone chord is a non Chord music Secundal, tertian, and quartal chords tertian chord composed of a tertian Triad music triad and an extra added note. The added note is not a seventh three thirds from the chord root , but typically a non tertian note, which cannot be defined by a sequence of thirds from the root, such as the added sixth chord sixth Audio Add6 chord on C.mid Play or fourth. This includes chords with an added thirteenth a tertian note, six thirds from the root and farther extensions , but that do not include the intervening tertian notes as in an extended chord . The concept of added tones is further convenient in that all notes may be related to familiar chords. ref name Jones Jones, George 1994 . HarperCollins College Outline Music Theory , p.50. ISBN 0 06 467168 2. ref Image Add6 chord on C.png thumb C Major chord with added sixth Audio Add6 chord on C.mid Play An added sixth chord ends songs ... or humorous purposes citation needed date July 2009 . Image Added or mixed third chord.png Two added ... due to its extensive use by rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix . An example of an added tone chord may be found in Igor Stravinsky s Symphony of Psalms ref name Marquis while an added tone G chord with mixed thirds , a major third and minor third, by William Schuman. ref name Marquis An added tone, such as that added ... of adding tones may have led to superimposing chords and tonalities though added tone chords have ... chord with an added major second sounds very distinct from its basic triad counterpart. See also Suspended chord Hendrix chord Blue note Sources reflist Chords DEFAULTSORT Added Tone Chord Category ... more details
A value added service VAS is popular as a telecommunications industry term for non core services , or in short, all services beyond standard voice calls and fax transmissions. However, it can be used in any service industry, for services available at little or no cost, to promote their primary business. In the telecommunication industry, on a conceptual level, value added services add value to the Application Enablement Background standard service offering , wikt spur spurring the subscriber to use their phone more and allowing the operator to drive up their ARPU . For mobile phones, while technologies like Short message service SMS , Multimedia Messaging System MMS and GPRS are usually considered value added services, a distinction may also be made between standard peer to peer content and premium charged content. Value added services are supplied either in house by the mobile network operator themselves or by a third party value added service provider VASP , also known as a content provider CP such such as All Headline News or Reuters . VASPs typically connect to the operator using protocols like Short message peer to peer protocol SMPP , connecting either directly to the Short message service center short message service centre SMSC or, increasingly, to a messaging gateway that allows the operator to control and of the content better. Value added service p External Documents http www.iamai.in Upload Research mobile.pdf A report on Indian Mobile VAS http homepage.mac.com ekippo .Public VAS CHINA ProjectSummary.PDF Chinese VAS Market Report Relevance of name http www.linkedin.com answers technology information technology telecommunications TCH ITS TCI 374811 17502096 Category Telecommunication services ca Prove dor de continguts ru VAS sr th Value added service zh ... more details
The Value added Producer Grants program was authorized by the Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000 and amended by the 2002 farm bill P.L.107 171, Sec. 6401 . The farm bill authorizes 40 million per year in grants for the development and marketing of value added agricultural products, including organic agricultural production. Eligible applicants are independent producers, farmer and rancher cooperatives, agricultural producer groups, and majority controlled producer based business ventures. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category Grants Category Agriculture in the United States ... more details
Win Probability Added is a sport statistic which attempts to measure a player s contribution to a win by figuring the factor by which each specific play made by that player has altered the outcome of a game. ref cite journal last1 Keating first1 Peter last2 first2 year 2011 title The Next Great Stat journal ESPN The Magazine volume 14 issue 1 pages 116 118 publisher ESPN doi url accessdate ref It is used for baseball and gridiron football . ref http www.advancednflstats.com 2008 08 win probability.html ref Explanation Some form of Win Probability has been around for about 40 years however, until computer use became widespread, Win Probability Added was often difficult to derive, or imprecise. With the aid of Retrosheet , however, Win Probability Added has become substantially easier to calculate. The Win Probability for a specific situation in baseball including the inning, number of outs, men on base, and score is obtained by first finding all the teams that have encountered this situation. Then the winning percentage of these teams in these situations is found. This probability figure is then adjusted for home field advantage . Thus Win Probability Added is the difference between the Win Probability when the player came to bat and the Win Probability when the play ended. Win Probability and Win Shares Some people confuse Win Probability Added with Win Shares , Citation needed date April 2010 since both are baseball statistics that attempt to measure a player s win contribution. However, they are quite different. In Win Shares , a player with 0 Win Shares has contributed nothing to his team in Win Probability Added, a player with 0 WPA points is average. Also, Win Shares would give the same amount of credit to a player if he hit a lead off solo home run as if he hit a walk off solo home run WPA, however, would give vastly more credit to the player who hit the walk off homer. External links http www.baseball reference.com about wpa.shtml Further explanation References ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 The Added Worker Effect refers to an increase in the labor supply of married women ... phenomenon. File AWE Model.png thumb Simple Model of the Added Worker Effect after Shelly ... any observable added worker effect, but it did not deny that added workers participated in the market ... series analysis . Relation to Income & Substitution Effects The Added Worker Effect results when the income ... in the labor market. Specifically, in the Added Worker Effect married women increase their labor ... theory of microeconomics. The model used to study the Added Worker Effect views the family as a decision ... may be less inclined to enter the labor force when earning power rises for both men and women. For added ... that determine prevalence of added workers Recessionary characteristics Multiple variables contribute to the Added Worker Effect. Since increasing labor supplied remains one of many strategies ... it more likely that the Added Worker Effect will be observed Lundberg, p. 12 . Household ... Katz found that the Added Worker Effect is more pronounced among young married couples with small ...,p. 478 . The Added Worker Effect after the Great Recession Long term unemployment s impact on the Added ... incidence of the Added Worker Effect Rampell, 2010 . The labor force participation rate of the wife ... out implied by the Added Worker Effect. Prevalence of women as primary workers A prolonged period ... on the Added Worker Effect, wives already participating in the labor force also responded ... used in studies on Added Worker Effect consider a woman active in the workforce whether she is employed or actively seeking a job. Tim Maloney s study found no evidence of the Added Worker Effect ... and the secondary family worker. Econometrica , 29 3 , 478. Lundberg, S. 1985 . The Added Worker ... Added Worker Effect. Economica , 58 230 , 173 187. Mattingly, M., & Smith, K. 2010. . Changes ... 2010 07 02 bleak outlook for long term unemployed Serneels, P. 2002 . The Added Worker Effect ... more details
Gross Value Added GVA is a measure in economics of the value of Good economics and accounting goods and Service economics services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy . In national accounts GVA is output minus intermediate consumption ref http epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu statistics explained index.php Gross value added ref it is a balancing item of the national accounts production account ref http epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu statistics explained index.php Production account ref . Relationship to Gross Domestic Product GVA is linked as a measurement to Gross Domestic Product GDP , as both are measures of Output economics output . The relationship is defined as GVA tax es on products subsidy subsidies on products GDP As the total aggregates of taxes on products and subsidies on products are only available at whole economy level, ref cite web url http www.statistics.gov.uk cci nugget.asp?id 254 title Guide to Gross Value Added GVA accessdate 2008 03 29 date 2002 11 15 publisher Office for National Statistics ref Gross Value Added is used for measuring Gross regional domestic product and other measures of the output of entities smaller than a whole economy. See also National accounts Measures of national income and output Gross domestic product Gross regional domestic product Value added Gross profit References reflist econ stub Category National accounts Category Gross Domestic Product cy Gwerth ychwanegol crynswth de Bruttowertsch pfung id Nilai Tambah Bruto pt Valor acrescentado bruto ... more details
cleanup date July 2009 orphan date July 2009 Value added agriculture refers most generally to manufacturing processes that increase the value of primary agricultural commodities. Value added agriculture may also refer to increasing the economic value of a commodity through particular production processes, e.g., organic produce, or through regionally branded products that increase consumer appeal and willingness to pay a premium over similar but undifferentiated products. This concept has gained currency in the small farm policy debate, in response to the concern that the farm value of the consumer food dollar continues to decrease. Value added agriculture might be a means for farmers to capture a larger share of the consumer food dollar. Examples include direct marketing farmer ownership of processing facilities and producing farm products with a higher intrinsic value such as identity preserved grains, organic produce, hormone free beef , free range chicken s etc. , for which buyers are willing to pay a higher price than for more traditional bulk commodities. Value added agriculture is regarded by some as a significant rural development strategy. Small scale, organic food processing, non traditional crop production, agri tourism , and bio fuels development are examples of various value added projects that have created new jobs in some rural areas. References nofootnotes date July 2009 CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Agri stub Category Agriculture Category Production and manufacturing ... more details
A Value added Network VAN is a hosted service offering that acts as an intermediary between business partners sharing standards based or proprietary data via shared Business Process es. The offered service is referred to as Value added Network Service . TOC Technical Definition VANS traditionally transmitted data formatted as Electronic Data Interchange but increasingly they also transmit data formatted as XML or in more specific binary formats. VANs usually service a given vertical or industry and provide Value Added Network Services VAN Services or VANSs such as data transformation between formats EDI to XML, EDI to EDI, etc. . At one extreme, a VAN hosts only horizontal Business to business application integration services, hosting general purpose integration services for any process or industry. At the other extreme a VAN also hosts process specific or industry specific integration, for example supply chain ordering or data synchronization services. A VAN not only transports receives, stores and forwards messages but also adds Audit audit information to them and modifies the data ... line in order to be a distinguishable service. Therefore, the notion of Value added Network Services ... under P.M. Margaret Thatcher . In the later 1980s, running a Value Added Network Service required licensing ... index.php?option com content&task view&id 36&Itemid 42 Leaping the barriers Value added services ... telecommunication sector, Value added Network Service still is used, mainly as a functional description ... Added Network Services ref while others address specific services with licensing. ref http www.ictregulationtoolkit.org ... Region International Value Added Network Services IVANS Operator or Internet Service Providers ISP ref distinguish into Internet Service Providers ISPs and International Value Added Network Services IVANS operators. See also Electronic Data Interchange Value Added Networks Time Sharing Amtrix ... chain management de Mehrwertnetz fr R seau valeur ajout e ko pl Value Added Network ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 Value added selling is one of several sales techniques that relies on building on the inherent value of a product or service. By its nature the value add technique is a more flexible and customized selling approach that requires input from a defined range of average customers. These customers will help the sales and marketing leaders to outline value positions that are likely to benefit the largest number of customers. The value add may not be initially apparent in the sales over view and is often tied to up selling or vertical selling within a specific market segment. The utility of the product or service, ease of integration in to the customers business operations, or time saving benefits are just a few areas that may be exploited when focusing on value add. One of the more recent examples of value added selling is hybrid cars . These are cars that rely on a mix of gasoline power and electric power. The inherent value of the product is still the same. Basically it moves a person from point A to point B. The value add can be seen in several different ways. The first is the obvious fuel savings. But there is also added value in less time spent at the gas station, and the cars pollute the air less than a normal combustion engine. The value add in this instance is determined by the customer, and not the company selling the car. Category Selling techniques ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 orphan date November 2009 Cash Surplus Value Added CsVA is a measure of business Profit accounting profitability defined as the EBITDA after tax generated by the business less its required return. The required return is an Annuity finance theory annuity based on the purchase price of the assets in use in the business, inflated to today s value of money, the weighted average cost of capital WACC and the economic life of the assets. CsVA can also be expressed as an index, where the CsVA is divided by the required return. An index of more than 1.0 will indicate profitability while an index below 1.0 will indicate value destruction. See also Economic Value Added EVA Return on Capital Employed ROCE Return on Equity ROE Category Value Category Financial terminology Finance stub ... more details
Corporate Finance In corporate finance , Economic Value Added or EVA is an estimate of a firm s economic profit being the value created in excess of the Required rate of return required return of the types of companies company s shareholder s where EVA is the profit earned by the firm less the Cost of capital cost of financing the firm s capital . The idea is that shareholders gain when the return from the capital employed is greater than the cost of that capital see Corporate finance Working capital management Corporate finance working capital management . This amount can be determined, among other ways, by making adjustments to GAAP accounting, including deducting the opportunity cost of equity capital. Calculating EVA EVA is Net Operating Profit After Taxes or NOPAT less the money cost of capital ... while actually approaching insolvency. Other measures of shareholder value include Added Value Market value added Total Shareholder Return . Relationship to Market Value Added The firm s market value added , or MVA, is the discounted sum of all future expected economic value added math MVA V K 0 sum ... Enterprise value Opportunity cost Value added Weighted average cost of capital Apples and oranges ... id 1120917 What s wrong with the Economic Value Added? , Sergei Cheremushkin, 2008 http www.kellogg.northwestern.edu ... Robert Korajczyk http www.evadimensions.com Economic Value Added from EVA Dimensions LLC http pages.stern.nyu.edu adamodar New Home Page lectures eva.html Economic Value Added EVA , Prof. Aswath Damodaran ... Added , investopedia.com http www.investopedia.com articles fundamental 03 031203.asp All About EVA , investopedia.com http lipas.uwasa.fi ts eva eva.html Economic Value Added A simulation analysis of the trendy ... banking Category Value cs Ekonomick p idan hodnota de Economic Value Added es Valor econ mico agregado fr Valeur conomique ajout e it Economic Value Added ja pt Valor econ mico adicionado sk Ekonomick pridan hodnota sv Economic value added uk EVA zh ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Wikify date April 2010 Power added efficiency PAE is a metric for rating the Efficient energy use efficiency of a power amplifier that takes into account the effect of the gain of the amplifier . It is calculated as PAE 100 P sub OUT sub sub RF sub P sub IN sub sub RF sub P sub DC sub sub TOTAL sub It differs from most power efficiency descriptions calculated as 100 P sub OUT sub sub RF sub P sub IN sub sub DC sub PAE will be very similar to Efficient energy use efficiency when the gain of the amplifier is sufficiently high. But if the amplifier gain is relatively low the amount of power that is needed to drive the input of the amplifier should be considered in a metric that measures the efficiency of said amplifier. References http www.maxim ic.com glossary index.cfm Ac V ID 1010 Tm power added efficiency PAE http www.microwaves101.com encyclopedia efficiency.cfm Category Electronic amplifiers Category Electronics Category Radio ... more details
Contextual value added CVA is a statistic used by the government of the United Kingdom to assess the performance of schools. The statistic is intended to show the progress children have made whilst attending a particular school. Unlike statistics such as exam performance, contextual value added attempts to take into account the circumstances of children attending the school that are beyond the school s control. ref name BBC citation title Guide to 2008 secondary tables url http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi education 7826777.stm accessdate 2009 09 05 date 2009 01 20 publisher BBC News ref The statistic works by comparing a child s performance with that of children with a similar prior performance and similar circumstances. There are three levels Level 1 measures performance of primary education primary age children. It measures the performance of pupils between the end of Key Stage 1 and the end of Key Stage 2 . It is based around a median score of 100. ref citation title The Key Stage 1 to 2 CVA measure url http www.dcsf.gov.uk performancetables primary 08 p3.shtml accessdate 2009 09 05 date publisher Department for Children, Schools and Families ref Level 2 CVA measures performance of secondary education secondary schools i.e. between the end of Key Stage 2 and the end of Key Stage 4 . Unlike Level 1 CVA , Level 2 CVA is based around a median score of 1000. ref name L2CVA citation title Key Stage 2 to Key Stage 4 KS2 KS4 Contextual Value Added Measure CVA url http www.dcsf.gov.uk performancetables ... title Key Stage 4 to Key Stage 5 Contextual Value Added Measure url http www.dcsf.gov.uk performancetables ... value added characteristics url http www.nationalstrategiescpd.org.uk public content esp resource bank ... Index ref citation title Technical Annex How is a contextual value added score for a pupil calculated ... produce differing CVA scores. The nature of Contextual Value Added being averaged across the country ... a number of years. ref name L2CVA Some schools have also claimed that contextual value added disadvantages ... more details
Value added modeling also known as value added analysis and value added assessment is a method of teacher ..., as well as to the scores of other students in the same grade. In this manner, value added modeling .... In this way, value added modeling isolates the teacher s contributions from factors outside ... performance, districts have looked to value added modeling as a supplement to observing teachers ... the use of value added modeling techniques in the state s public schools schools as a means to reward ... . ref Staff. http la.aft.org ?action article&articleid b9c38aaa 8a79 42c4 97d5 0c8b4853a44b Value added ..., 2010. Accessed September 1, 2010. ref Experts do not recommend using value added modeling as the sole ... teachers. Value added scores are more sensitive to teacher effects for mathematics than for language .... ref Eric A. Hanushek and Steven G. Rivkin, Generalizations about the Use of Value Added ... to school operations when he developed value added models for school districts in North Carolina ... prepared for the Carnegie Corporation of New York , said that value added modeling holds out the promise ... scores when using such models, which could make value added modeling an effective tool for evaluating ..., Laura S. http www.rand.org pubs monographs 2004 RAND MG158.pdf Evaluating Value Added Models ... that provided the score calculated by the value added modeling system for 6,000 elementary school teachers ... The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is sponsoring a multi year study of value added modeling with their Measures ... that both value added modeling and student perception of several key teacher traits, such as control ... less effective, and have significantly lower value added modeling scores, than teachers who promote ... and how that contributes to student learning. The study called value added modeling ... and that the techniques of valued added modeling need to be more thoroughly evaluated and should ... value added Los Angeles Teacher Ratings database and http www.latimes.com news local ... more details
sociology Value added theory also known as Strain theory sociology social strain theory was first proposed by Neil Smelser and is based on the assumption that certain conditions are needed for the development of a social movement . ref name Kendall Kendall, 2005 ref Smelser saw social movements as side effects of rapid social change . ref name Porta Porta & Diani, 2006 ref Smelser argued that six things were necessary and sufficient for collective behavior to emerge, ref name Kendall and that social movement evolves through those relevant stages ref Sztompka, 2004 ref ref name Porta Structural conduciveness the structure of the society e.g. spatial proximity must be such that certain protest actions become more likely. People must be aware of the problem and have the opportunity to act. Structural strain there must be a strain on society, caused by factors related to the structure of the current social system , such as inequality or injustice, and existing power holders are unable or unwilling to address the problem see also relative deprivation . Generalized belief the problem should be clearly defined in a way that is agreed by and understood by the participants. See also framing sociology framing . Precipitating factors events that become the proverbial spark igniting the flame, in other words a political opportunity . Mobilization for action people need to have a network and organization allowing them to take a collective action , see also resource mobilization Operation failure of social control how the authorities react or don t . High level of social control by the those .... The concept of value added was used earlier in the economics , where it refers to the increasing value ...&num 10&pg PA254&lpg PA254&dq value added Smelser 1963&sig 29T5PogNI 6ot nXSAqktcOh o4 Google Print ... books?ie UTF 8&vid ISBN1405102829&id LPzuN07KYgEC&num 10&pg PA7&lpg PA7&dq value added ... of collective behavior , various, 1962 DEFAULTSORT Value Added Theory Category Social movements ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2010 Cleanup date April 2010 The term, Fixed Value Added Resource FVAR is a marketing concept used to describe items, that whilst seeming unrelated to the core product in nature, provide the user with something that adds Value marketing value to the core product or service offering on a permanent basis. The term was coined by the entrepreneur Edward A Blake in his attempt to quickly explain the purpose of a resource he was promoting to online service providers. Definition In order for an item to be classed as an FVAR, Edward A Blake set out the following three requirements 1. The item must be fixed in nature. That is, an item to be found on a constant basis within the core product. 2. The item must not be directly related in content do that of the core product. For instance, a Model of the Day feature would be an FVAR if placed within a daily tabloid newspaper such as The Sun, but could not be classified as such if featuring within a men s magazine such as Playboy. 3. The item must add some form of distinct value to the existing value proposition of the core product. For instance, many people subscribe to a daily newspaper in the knowledge that they will derived added value from the FVAR, such as the daily Crossword irrespective of the overall quality of that day s newspaper. Some good examples of FVARs are Daily Crossword, Sudoku and other puzzle games featured within magazines, newspapers & websites Daily Cartoons featured within magazines, newspapers & websites Free to download travel education health career guides featured upon a website The Page 3 girl feature found within The Sun Newspaper and upon its online version Category Marketing ... more details
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