high level windshear, with changes in wind speed and direction. Windshear , sometimes referred ... over a relatively short distance in the Earth s atmosphere atmosphere . Windshear can be broken down into vertical and horizontal components, with horizontal windshear seen across Weather front ... in the atmosphere near upper level jets and frontal zones aloft. Windshear itself is a microscale .... Windshear has a significant effect during take off and landing of aircraft due to their effects ... versa. Strong vertical windshear within the troposphere also inhibits tropical cyclone development ... . ref name IP cite web url http www.tpub.com weather3 6 15.htm title LOW LEVEL WINDSHEAR. Retrieved on 2007 11 25 last Publishing first Integrated ref Definition Windshear refers to the variation ... windshear to be a horizontal change in airspeed of 30 knot unit knots 15 m s for light aircraft ... FAA Advisory Circular Pilot WindShear Guide. Retrieved on 2007 12 15. ref Vertical speed changes greater than 4.9 knots 2.5 m s also qualify as significant windshear for aircraft. Low level windshear can affect aircraft airspeed during take off and landing in disastrous ways. ref cite web title NASA url http oea.larc.nasa.gov PAIS Concept2Reality wind shear.html WindShear. accessdate ... of turbulence is often associated with windshear. Where and when it is strongly observed See also ... and tropopause , and therefore be seen both horizontally and vertically. Vertical windshear above ... known as clear air turbulence CAT , caused by vertical and horizontal windshear connected to the wind ... above the Earth s surface ahead of a cold front, significant low level vertical windshear can develop near the lower portion of the low level jet. This is also known as nonconvective windshear since ... thunderstorm, both speed and directional windshear can result at the leading edge of the three dimensional ... . Windshear in the horizontal occurs near these boundaries. Cold front s feature narrow bands ... more details
Windshear is a difference in wind speed and direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. It may also refer to Windshear comics , a Marvel Comics character Windshear, child of Bulletman and Bulletgirl WindShear s Full Scale, Rolling Road, Automotive Wind Tunnel See also Wind Sheer , a transformer disambig ... more details
The Airborne windshear detection and alert system , fitted in an aircraft , detects and alerts the pilot both visually and aurally of a windshear condition. In case of reactive windshear detection system, the detection takes place when the aircraft penetrates a windshear condition of sufficient force, which can pose a hazard to the aircraft. In case of predictive windshear detection system, the detection takes place, if such windshear condition is ahead of the aircraft. In 1988 the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration mandated that all turbine powered commercial aircraft must have on board windshear detection systems by 1993. Airlines successfully lobbied to have commercial turbo prop aircraft exempted from this requirement. In the predictive windshear detection mode, the weather radar processor of the aircraft detects the presence of the microburst , a type of vertical windshear condition by detecting the Doppler frequency shift of the microwave pulses caused by the microburst ahead of the aircraft and displays the area where it is present in the Navigation Display Unit of the Electronic Flight Instrument System along with an aural warning. History of development On July 24, 1986, the Federal Aviation Administration FAA of United States and NASA signed a memorandum of agreement to formally begin the Airborne WindShear Detection and Avoidance Program AWDAP . As a result, a windshear program was created in the Flight Systems Directorate of NASA s Langley Research Center ... model RDR 4B of the Allied Signal Bendix presently Honeywell became the first predictive windshear ... the first commercial carrier to install an airborne predictive windshear detection system on its ... Grumman Martin also came up with FAA certified predictive windshear detection systems. ref cite ... Also US Airways Flight 1016 Delta Airlines Flight 191 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Airborne WindShear Detection And Alert System Category Avionics Category Aircraft instruments Category Warning systems ... more details
In January 2008 WindShear, a division of US machine tool builder Haas Automation , completed construction on one of the most advanced automotive wind tunnel s in the world. The full scale tunnel is located adjacent to Concord Regional Airport in Concord, North Carolina . The commercial operation was designed for vehicles from race industries stock car , formula one , American Championship Car Racing indy car , drag racing , as well as production car industries. WindShear s tunnel is a closed air circuit, temperature controlled system built around a rolling road. The rolling road, akin to a giant treadmill, is 3 meters wide by 9 meters long and accommodates full size cars. Air and rolling road speeds are coordinated up to 180 mph 290 km h . Air temperature, critical to repeatable data collection, is maintained at a constant convert 75 F C abbr on , plus or minus one degree. Air is moved through the massive 15,000 square foot 1394 square meter air circuit at the maximum rate of 2.85 million cubic feet 80,700 cubic meters per minute by a convert 5100 hp abbr on motor and 29 carbon fiber blades 22 feet 6.7 m in diameter. In the wind tunnel industry, size is everything. The blockage effect is the condition where air flow in the wind tunnel is partially blocked by the vehicle. The blockage becomes more critical as the cross section of the test vehicle increases relative to the size of nozzle and airstream. As the vehicle increases in size relative to the nozzle, test data ... air circuit. Nozzle size is a relatively large 180 square feet 16.7 square meters . See also Windshear References cite web url http www.usatoday.com sports motor nascar 2008 01 22 Haas wind tunnel N.htm publisher USA Today date January 23, 2008 title Haas CNC ready to share its new wind tunnel technology ... Site of Windshear, Inc., Full Scale 180 MPH Rolling Road Wind Tunnel Concord, North Carolina, USA http ... of the Windshear Tunnel Category Wind tunnels ... more details
For similarly pronounced words, see sheer , Shere , or sher . wiktionarypar shearShear as a noun may refer to Bias textile , in clothing design, fabric may be cut on the shear Cosmic shear , an effect of distortion of image of distant galaxies due to deflection of light by matter, as predicted by general relativity see also gravitational lens Shear geology , a form of fault in rocks Simple shear , a special case of deformation of a fluid Shear fluid , in fluid dynamics, refers to the shear stresses and responses thereto in fluids Shear mapping , a particular type of mapping in linear algebra, also called transvection Shear rate , a gradient of velocity in a flowing material Shear stress in physics, refers to a stress state that will cause shearing see verb when it exceeds a material s shear strength Shear matrix in geometry, a linear transformation shearing a space Shear strength , shear strength Shear strength soil , the shear strength of soil under loading Shear line locksmithing , where the inner cylinder ends and the outer cylinder begins in a cylinder lock Shear line meteorology , an area of windshearWindshear , a difference in wind speed or direction between two wind currents in the atmosphere Shear wall , a wall composed of braced panels to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure Shear forming , different from conventional metal spinning in that a reduction of the wall thickness is induced Shear sheet metal , various tools to shear sheet metal Cornelius Lott Shear , an American mycologist and plant pathologist identified by the author abbreviation Shear when citing a botanical name Shear as a verb or shearing may refer to Shearing physics , the deformation ... from a sheep Shearing in computer graphics, more commonly called page tearing SHEAR as an acronym ... 1775 1861 See also Shears disambiguation disambig ar cs St ih de Scherung fr Shear ja simple Shear sk Strih ... more details
angular speed. Shear stress in fluids Shear fluid and Wind stress redirect here see also Viscosity ... y 0 . math In case of wind , the shear stress at the boundary is called wind stress . Measurement ...Refimprove date July 2008 Infobox Physical quantity bgcolour name Shear stress image caption unit Pascal unit pascal symbols tau derivations Force F Area A File Shear stress.JPG thumb A shear stress ... . The area involved would be the top of the parallelogram. A shear stress , denoted math tau , math ... cross section. Shear stress arises from the force vector component parallel to the cross section ... mathematics antiparallel to the material cross section on which it acts. General shear stress The formula to calculate average shear stress is Citation needed date January 2011 math tau F over A , math where math tau math the shear stress math F math the force applied math A math the cross sectional area of material with area parallel to the applied force vector. Other forms of shear stress Pure shear Pure shear stress is related to pure shear strain , denoted math gamma math , by the following ... , math where math G math is the shear modulus of the material, given by math G frac E 2 1 nu math Here math E math is Young s modulus and math nu math is Poisson s ratio . Beam shear Beam shear is defined as the internal shear stress of a beam caused by the shear force applied to the beam. math tau VQ over It , math where V total shear force at the location in question Q first moment of area Statical moment of area statical moment of area t thickness in the material perpendicular to the shear I ... http books.google.com ?id tkScQmyhsb8C isbn 0486611876 . ref Semi monocoque shearShear stresses ... into a set of stringers carrying only axial loads and webs carrying only shear flow s . Dividing the shear flow by the thickness of a given portion of the semi monocoque structure yields the shear stress. Thus, the maximum shear stress will occur either in the web of maximum shear flow or minimum thickness ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Earthquake engineering In structural engineering , a shear wall is a wall composed of braced panels also known as shear panels to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure. Wind and seismic earthquake loads are the most common loads braced wall lines are designed to counteract. Under several building code s, including the International Building Code where it is called a braced wall line and Uniform Building Code , all exterior wall lines in wood or steel frame construction must be braced. Depending on the size of the building some interior walls must be braced as well. Image TimberShearwall.jpg thumb 200px right A typical timber shearwall A common method of constructing a braced wall line in wood frames is to create braced panels in the wall line using structural plywood sheathing with specific nailing at the edges and supporting framing of the panel. A more traditional method is to use let in diagonal wood bracing throughout the wall line, and a newer alternative is let in metal T bracing Simpson TWB but these methods may not be viable for buildings with many door and window openings and may not meet seismic or high wind zone codes. Such walls can be either load bearing or non load bearing . Shear walls are a type of structural system that provides lateral resistance to a building or structure. They resist in Plane ... of Shear Walls, but with advances in technology and modern building methods, there are other ... to inject shear assemblies into narrow walls that fall at either side of an opening in a shear wall. Sheet steel and steel backed shear panels i.e. Sure Board in the place of structural plywood in shear walls has proved to be far stronger in seismic resistance. Nonplanar Shearwalls Due to functional ... engineering Hold down Typical manufacturers Manufacturers of shear walls include Commins Manufacturing ... and WellBilt International. DEFAULTSORT Shear Wall Category Structural system Category Earthquake ... more details
BLP sources date August 2010 Infobox musical artist name Tom Shear background solo singer image Assemblage 23.jpg caption Shear performing live with Assemblage 23 , 2007 birth name Tom Shear birth date Birth date and age 1971 11 12 origin State College , Pennsylvania , United States US Death genre Industrial ... website Tom Shear is an United States American musician and record producer music producer ... and then in New Hampshire for around twelve years. Shear currently resides in Seattle , Washington, with his wife Megan. Background Shear s musical skills are Autodidacticism self taught . After teaching ... influenced band named The Advocates. Shear credits the band Depeche Mode as having influenced him ... he attended a Depeche Mode concert in 1988 Shear was astounded by the industrial music industrial .... Man On A Stage was at this point retitled Assemblage 23. Personal life Shear resides in Seattle, Washington, with his wife Megan. Assemblage 23 main Assemblage 23 Shear worked on Assemblage 23 throughout ... experience with live performance. In 1992, Shear self released a collection called Wires , which ... on their Construction No. 009 compilation. Shear kept writing Assemblage 23 songs and sending out ... s first album, Contempt , in 1999. That same year, Shear s father committed suicide , and the resulting ... critical acclaim as well as popularity at nightclubs dance clubs . Shear left Gashed Records ... album, Defiance , in 2002, and the fourth, Storm , in 2004. A track from Storm , Let the Wind Erase Me , appeared on the Billboard magazine Billboard Hot Dance singles chart. Shear is also producer .... Shear describes his sound as melodic, danceable electronic music . References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Shear, Tom ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1971 11 12 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Shear, Tom Category 1971 births Category Living people Category American electronic musicians de Tom Shear ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Model42Front.jpg thumb Swenson Shear Model 42 is an example of a pivot shear A pivot shear is a device used for cutting metal roofing and or Siding Metal siding siding materials. It is often referred to as a metal cutting shear . External links http www.swensonshear.com Swenson Shear Category Cutting tools ... more details
Shear velocity , also called friction velocity , is a form by which a shear stress may be re written in units of velocity . It is useful as a method in fluid mechanics to compare true velocities, such as the velocity of a flow in a stream, to a velocity that relates shear between layers of flow. Shear velocity is used to describe shear related motion in moving fluids. It is used to describe Diffusion and Dispersion water waves dispersion of particles, tracers, and contaminants in fluid flows The velocity profile near the boundary of a flow see Law of the wall Transport of sediment in a channel Shear velocity also helps in thinking about the rate of shear and dispersion in a flow. Shear velocity scales well to rates of dispersion and bedload sediment transport. A general rule is that the shear velocity is about 1 10 of the mean flow velocity. math u star sqrt frac tau rho math Where math tau math is the shear stress in an arbitrary layer of fluid and math rho math is the density of the fluid. Typically, for sediment transport applications, the shear velocity is evaluated at the lower boundary of an open channel math u star sqrt frac tau b rho math Where math tau b math is the shear stress given at the boundary. Shear velocity can also be defined in terms of the local velocity and shear stress fields as opposed to whole channel values, as given above . References Whipple, K. X 2004 , III Flow Around Bends Meander Evolution, 12.163 Course Notes, MIT. http ocw.mit.edu courses earth atmospheric and planetary sciences 12 163 surface processes and landscape evolution fall 2004 lecture notes 3 flow around bends.pdf DEFAULTSORT Shear Velocity Category Fluid mechanics Category Geology Category Geomorphology Category Sedimentology fluiddynamics stub geophysics stub de Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 Shear strength in engineering is a term used to describe the strength of a material or component against the type of Yield engineering yield or structural failure where the material or component fails in Shearing physics shear . A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. When a paper is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear. In structural engineering structural and mechanical engineering the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the manufacture construction of the component wiktionary e.g. e.g. beam structure beams , Plate structures plates , or Screw bolts In a reinforced concrete beam, the main purpose of rebar stirrups is to increase the shear strength. For shear stress math tau math applies math tau frac sigma 1 sigma 2 2 , math where math sigma 1 math is major principal stress math sigma 2 math is minor principal stress In general ductile materials fail in shear ex. aluminum , whereas brittle materials ex. cast iron fail in tension. See tensile strength . To calculate Given total force at failure and the force resisting area e.g. the cross section of a bolt loaded in shear , shear strength is math tau frac F A frac F pi r bolt 2 frac 4F pi d bolt 2 math As a very rough guide ref http www.roymech.co.uk Useful Tables Matter shear tensile.htm ref class wikitable Material Ultimate Strength Relationship Yield Strength Relationship Steels USS approx. 0.75 UTS von Mises yield criterion SYS approx. 0.58 TYS Ductile Iron USS approx. 0.9 UTS SYS approx. 0.75 TYS Malleable Iron USS approx .... 0.65 UTS SYS approx. 0.55 TYS small USS Ultimate Shear Strength, UTS Ultimate Tensile Strength, SYS Shear Yield Stress, TYS Tensile Yield Stress small See also Shear modulus Shear stress Shear strain Shear strength soil Shear strength Discontinuity Strength of materials Tensile strength References ... more details
shear sense , Starlight Pit, Fortnum Gold Mine, Western Australia Shear is the response of a rock .... Shear can be homogeneous or non homogeneous, and may be pure shear or simple shear . Study of geological shear is related to the study of structural geology , rock microstructure or List of rock ... in fracturing and simple geological fault faulting . Rocks Rocks typical of shear zones include mylonite ... s and highly foliated versions of the wall rocks. Shear zone keep this name the same or change the Shear zone redirect Image Asymmetric shear.jpg thumb Asymmetric shear in basalt, Labouchere mine, Glengarry Basin, WA. Shear asymmetry is dextral, pen for scale For a more detailed article see Shear zone A shear zone is a tabular to sheetlike, planar or curviplanar zone composed of rocks that are more ... fault but it may be difficult to place a distinct fault plane into the shear zone. Shear zones may form ... geology folding . En echelon veins or fractures may be observed within shear zones. Many shear ... metasomatism metasomatised . Shear zones can be only inches wide, or up to several kilometres wide. Often, due to their structural control and presence at the edges of tectonic blocks, shear ... and long shear zones are named, identical to fault systems. When the horizontal displacement of this faulting ... depend on the pressure and temperature of the rock and on the rate of shear which the rock .... Shear zones which occur in more brittle rheological conditions cooler, less confining pressure ... up into a breccia with a milled texture. Shear zones which occur under brittle ductile conditions ... of the rock and occur within the minerals and the mineral lattices themselves. Shear zones accommodate ... particularly on platy minerals, especially micas. Mylonite s are essentially ductile shear zones. Microstructures of shear zones Image geological shear r.jpg right thumb Typical example of dextral shear foliation in an L S tectonite, with pencil pointing in direction of shear sense. Note the sinusoidal ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 In mathematics , a shear matrix or transvection is an elementary matrix that represents the Elementary row operations Row addition transformations addition of a multiple of one row or column to another. Such a matrix may be derived by taking the identity matrix and replacing one of the zero elements with a non zero value. A typical shear matrix is shown below math S begin pmatrix 1 & 0 & 0 & lambda & 0 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 end pmatrix . math The name shear reflects the fact that the matrix represents a shear transformation . Geometrically, such a transformation takes pairs of points in a linear space, that are purely axially separated along the axis whose row in the matrix contains the shear element, and effectively replaces those pairs by pairs whose separation is no longer purely axial but has two vector components. Thus, the shear axis is always an eigenvector of S . A shear parallel to the x axis results ... 1 & lambda 0 & 1 end pmatrix begin pmatrix x y end pmatrix . math Similarly, a shear parallel to the y ... will always be 1, as no matter where the shear element is placed, it will be a member of a skew diagonal ... will remain zero and won t contribute to the determinant. Thus every shear matrix has an inverse, and the inverse is simply a shear matrix with the shear element negated, representing a shear transformation ... if S is a shear matrix with shear element math lambda math , then S sup n sup is a shear matrix whose shear element is simply n math lambda math . Hence, raising a shear matrix to a power n multiplies its shear factor by n . Properties If S is an n n shear matrix, then S has rank n and therefore ... capacity of a polytope is invariant under the shear transformation of the polytope s vertices. See also Linear transformation Shear mapping Transformation matrix Elementary row operations DEFAULTSORT Shear Matrix Category Matrices Category Linear algebra Category Sparse matrices Linear algebra stub ... more details
Barry Shear March 23, 1923 in Los Angeles, California June 13, 1979 in New York City was an United States American film director and producer. He directed films such as The Todd Killings in 1971 based on the serial killer Charles Schmid , and the blaxploitation film Across 110th Street in 1972. External links Imdb name id 0790395 name Barry Shear Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Shear, Barry ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH March 23, 1923 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH June 13, 1979 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Shear, Barry Category American film directors Category American film producers Category 1923 births Category 1979 deaths US film producer stub fr Barry Shear ... more details
Shear thinning is an effect where a fluid s viscosity the measure of a fluid s resistance to flow decreases with an increasing rate of shear stress . Another name for a shear thinning fluid is a pseudoplastic . This property is found in certain complex solutions, such as lava , ketchup , whipped cream , blood , paint , and nail polish . It is also a common property of polymer solutions and molten polymers. Pseudoplasticity can be demonstrated by the manner in which squeezing a bottle of ketchup, a Bingham plastic , causes the contents to undergo a change in viscosity. The force causes it to go from being thick like honey to flowing like water. It is probably safe to say that all materials that are shear thinning are thixotropic , in that they will always take a finite time to bring about the rearrangements needed in the microstructural elements that result in shear thinning. ref cite journal last Barnes first Howard A. title Thixotropy a review journal J. Non Newtonian Fluid Mech., 70 year 1997 page 3 url http www.dfi.uchile.cl rsoto docencia FluidosNoNewton2008 trixotropia.pdf accessdate 11 30 11 ref Everyday examples Ketchup tomato sauce and modern paint s are examples of pseudoplastic materials. When shaken or squeezed out of a bottle, ketchup will thin and flow readily but will retain its shape on a burger or plate. When modern paints are applied the shear created by the brush or roller will allow them to thin and wet out the surface evenly. Once applied the paints regain their higher viscosity which avoids drips and runs. See also Non Newtonian fluid Power law fluid Dilatant Rheology Kaye effect External links http www.firstscience.com site articles ketchup.asp The Great ...&no JS Example of Shear Thinning for Diutan Gum at XYdatasource.com References references Category Continuum mechanics Shear thinning Category Fluid dynamics Shear thinning Category Non Newtonian fluids Shear thinning Category Smart materials Shear thinning phys stub de Strukturviskosit t pl P yn ... more details
The term shear flow is used in solid mechanics as well as in fluid dynamics . Loosely speaking, shear flow is defined as the gradient of a shear stress force through the body in solid mechanics the flow induced by such a force gradient in a fluid . In this article the first definition from solid mechanics is used. See Viscosity for a fuller treatment about the term from fluid dynamics. Dimensions In solid mechanics , shear flow is given in dimensions of force per length. This corresponds to units of newton unit newton s per meter in the SI system and pound force per foot in the English Engineering and British Gravitational systems. Shear flow in semi monocoque structures The equation for shear flow in a particular web section of the cross section of a semi monocoque structure is math q frac V y Q x I x math where q the shear flow through a particular web section of the cross section V sub y sub the shear force perpendicular to the neutral axis x through the entire cross section Q sub x sub the first moment of area about the neutral axis x for a particular web section of the cross section I sub x sub the second moment of area about the neutral axis x for the entire cross section External links http www.mathalino.com reviewer mechanics and strength of materials horizontal shearing stress Horizontal shearing stress http www.mathalino.com reviewer mechanics and strength of materials shear flow Shear flow Sources Riley, W. F. F., Sturges, L. D. and Morris, D. H. Mechanics of Materials. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998 5th Ed. , 720 pp. ISBN 0 471 58644 7 Category Solid mechanics Category Fluid dynamics ... more details
File Pure shear.svg thumb 200px An element in pure shear In mechanics and geology , pure shear is a Three dimensional space three dimensional homogeneous flattening of a body. ref cite web url http www.geology.sdsu.edu visualstructure vss htm hlp pure s.htm title Definition and Mathematics of Pure Shear last Reish first Nathaniel E. coauthors Gary H. Girty publisher San Diego State University Department of Geological Sciences accessdate 24 December 2011 ref It is an example of irrotational Deformation mechanics strain in which a body is elongated in one direction while being shortened perpendicularly . ref cite web url http www.answers.com topic pure shear title Pure shear work Answers.com accessdate 24 December 2011 ref Pure shear stress strain relation Pure shear stress , denoted math tau math , is related to pure shear strain , denoted math gamma math , by the following equation ref cite web url http www.eformulae.com engineering strength materials.php pureshear title Strength of Materials work Eformulae.com accessdate 24 December 2011 ref math tau gamma G , math where math G math is the shear modulus of the material, given by math G frac E 2 1 nu math Here math E math is Young s modulus and math nu math is Poisson s ratio . Combining gives math tau frac gamma E 2 1 nu math See also Simple shear References reflist Uncategorized stub date December 2011 physics stub geology stub ... more details
Infobox Physical quantity bgcolour name Shear modulus image caption unit Pascal unit gigapascal symbols G derivations G Shear stress Shear strain File Shear scherung.svg thumb right Shear strain In materials science , shear modulus or modulus of rigidity , denoted by G , or sometimes S or , is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain ref GoldBookRef title shear modulus, G file ... where math tau xy F A , math shear stress math F math is the force which acts math A math is the area on which the force acts in engineering, math gamma xy Delta x l tan theta , math shear strain. Elsewhere ... length Shear modulus is usually expressed in Pascal unit gigapascal s GPa or in thousands of pounds per square inch kpsi . The shear modulus is always positive. Explanation class wikitable align right Material Typical values for br shear modulus GPa br small at room temperature small Diamond ... shear modulus of natural rubber journal Rubber World url http www.thefreelibrary.com Cure system effect on low temperature dynamic shear modulus of... a0111451108 ref 0.0006 The shear modulus is one ... of a wire , the bulk modulus describes the material s response to uniform pressure , and the shear modulus describes the material s response to shearing strains. The shear modulus is concerned ... additions on the shear modulus of a specific base glass. ref http www.glassproperties.com shear modulus Shear modulus calculation of glasses ref In homogeneous and isotropic solids, there are two kinds of waves, P wave pressure waves and S wave shear waves . The velocity of a shear wave, math v s math is controlled by the shear modulus, math v s sqrt frac G rho math where G is the shear modulus math rho math is the solid s density . Shear modulus of metals File CuShearMTS.svg 300px thumb Shear ... symbols. The shear modulus of metals is usually observed to decrease with increasing temperature. At high pressures, the shear modulus also appears to increase with the applied pressure. Correlations ... more details
A shear zone is a very important structural geology structural discontinuity surface in the Earth s crust ... be induced in the shear zone. Because the discontinuity surface usually passes through a wide depth ... introduction Image Shear zones.jpg thumb 300px Diagram showing the major different types of shear zones. Displacement, shear strain, and depth distribution are also indicated. A shear zone is a zone ... Press. ISBN 0 12 576902 4 ref Shear zones form a continuum of geological structures, ranging from brittle shear zones or geological fault faults via brittle ductile shear zones or semibrittle shear zones , ductile brittle to ductile shear zones . In brittle shear zones, the deformation is concentrated in a narrow fracture surface separating the wall rocks, whereas in a ductile shear zone the deformation ... brittle shear zones that can combine these geometric features in different proportions. This continuum found in the structural geometries of shear zones reflects the different deformation mechanisms ..., only ductile shear zones are found. The seismogenic zone , in which earthquake s nucleate, is tied .... Rocks produced in shear zones The deformations in shear zones are responsible for the development ... pT conditions, flow type, movement sense, and deformation history. Shear zones are therefore ... s surface, the following rock types are usually encountered in a shear zone uncohesive fault rocks ... bottom of ductile shear zones. Sense of shear The sense of shear in a shear zone dextral , sinistral ... bending of layering foliation into a shear zone, one can additionally determine the sense of shear. En echelon tension gash arrays or extensional veins , characteristic of ductile brittle shear zones, and sheath fold s can also be valuable macroscopic shear sense indicators. Microscopic indicators ... objects. mica fish foliation fish . pressure shadow s pull apart s. quarter structure s. shear band cleavage s. step over sites. Width of shear zones and resulting displacements The width of individual ... more details
Image Sailor Texas native works in repair shop aboard USS John C. Stennis.jpg thumb A sailor checks the outside diameter of a shear pin in the machinery repair shop aboard the Nimitz class aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis A shear pin is a safety device designed to shearing physics shear in the case of a mechanical overload, preventing other, more expensive parts from being damaged. As a mechanical sacrificial part , it is analogous to an electric fuse . The pin itself may be a plain metal rod inserted through a hub and axle the diameter of the rod is carefully chosen to allow the Shearing physics shear ing action when the desired breakaway force or Shock mechanics shock is reached. A cotter pin may also be used as a low tech shear pin. They are most commonly used in Powertrain drive trains , such as a snow blower s auger or the propeller s attached to marine engines. Another use is in pushback bars used for large aircraft . In this operation, if the pilot accidentally commands the front wheel in which the bar is engaged to steer, the shear pin breaks the bar, preventing it to swivel to the sides, which could be dangerous to both the pushback tractor and the personnel working nearby the plane. See also Bolted joint Category Hardware mechanical Category Mechanical engineering Category Safety equipment Mech engineering stub tech stub de Abscherstift nl Breekbout ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 File Sentinel Range location map.png thumb Location of Sentinel Range in Western Antarctica. Mount Shear coord 78 20 S 86 8 W is a mountain over 4,000 m, standing 4 miles 6 km northwest of Mount Tyree in the Sentinel Range , Ellsworth Mountains . Discovered by the Marie Byrd Land Traverse Party 1957 58 led by C.R. Bentley , and named for James A. Shear , scientific leader at Hallett Station during the IGY in 1957. usgs gazetteer DEFAULTSORT Shear Category Ellsworth Mountains Category Mountains of Ellsworth Land EllsworthLand geo stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Boardshear labeled.jpg right thumb 250px Board shear Used extensively in bookbinding , a board shear is a large, hand operated machine for cutting board or paper. Like scissors , a board shear uses two blades to apply shear stress exceeding the paper s shear strength in order to cut. The stationary blade forms the edge of the cutting table, with the moving blade mounted on a cutting arm. Originally known as a table gauge shear because its gauge allowed the cutting of consistently sized materials, the board shear resembles a larger version of the paper cutters commonly found in offices. The earliest known reference to a board shear comes from a 1842 supplement to Penny Magazine , titled A Day at a Bookbinder s , which included a drawing of a board shear with many of the major developments already present. An 1854 article on the history of bookbinding from The Bookbinder s Trade Circular describes early board shears, and places their development in about 1836 credit for the invention is ascribed to Warren De La Rue in the Reports of the Juries from the Great Exhibition Great Exhibition of 1851 . ref cite book last Middleton first Bernard title A History of English Craft Bookbinding Technique publisher Oak Knoll Press & British Library The British Library year 1996 pages 232 234 isbn 1 884718 28 0 ref Many modifications of the basic design were made in the 19th century, with changes such as rack and pinion adjustment for the outer gauge ref Brombacher, C. U.S. Patent 43634, 1864. ref and improved clamp bars. ref Robinson, J.T. U.S. Patent 225871, 1880. ref By the late 19th century, board shears were substantively the same as modern machines, and many 19th century board shears are still in use today. Citation needed date August 2007 References references cite web last Harrison first Gary title Board Shear publisher Indiana University url http ... archive archivedate 2007 06 08 DEFAULTSORT Board Shear Category Book arts Category Bookbinding ... more details
Image VerticalShear m 1.25.svg thumb 175px right alt Mesh Shear 5 4 Black dot marks origin br m 1.25 horizontal shear In mathematics , shear mapping or transvection is a particular kind of linear mapping . Linear mapping is a function mathematics function between two vector space s that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar mathematics scalar multiplication. A shear mapping s effect leaves all points on one axis fixed, while the other points are shifted parallel to the axis by a distance proportional to their perpendicular distance from that axis. Shear mappings carry area s into equal areas, as they preserve the width, length, and etc. of parallelograms see 2 2 real matrices .... Elementary form In the plane x , y x , y &isin R , a horizontal shear or shear ... lines y m x &minus a of slope m , if desired. A vertical shear or shear parallel to the y ... . math The vertical shear leaves vertical lines x a invariant, but maps horizontal lines y b into lines y mx b The matrices above are special cases of shear matrix shear matrices , which allow for generalization to higher dimensions. The shear elements here are either m or 1 m , case depending. The following applications of shear mapping were noted by William Kingdon Clifford A succession ... area. ... we may shear any triangle into a right angled triangle, and this will not alter its area ... equal to the perpendicular on the base from the opposite angle. The area preserving property of a shear ... with shear mapping see external link . Advanced form For a vector space V and subspace W , a shear fixing W translates all vectors parallel to W . To be more precise, if V is the direct sum ..., the typical shear fixing W is L where L v w Mw&prime w &prime where M is a linear mapping from ..., Eric W. http mathworld.wolfram.com Shear.html Shear from Mathworld, A Wolfram Web Resource. Mike May S.J. http www.slu.edu classes maymk GeoGebra Pythagoras.html Pythagorean theorem by shear ... more details
Shear rate is the rate at which a Shearing physics shear is applied. Simple Shear The shear rate for a fluid flowing between two parallel plates, one moving at a constant speed and the other one stationary Couette flow , is defined by math dot gamma frac v h math where math dot gamma math The shear rate, measured in reciprocal seconds math v math The velocity of the moving plate, measured in meters per second math h math The distance between the two parallel plates, measured in meters Or, math dot gamma ij frac partial v i partial x j frac partial v j partial x i math For the simple shear case, it is just a gradient of velocity in a flowing material. The SI unit of measurement for shear rate is sec sup 1 sup , expressed as reciprocal seconds or inverse seconds. ref name Brookfield Cite web title Brookfield Engineering Glossary section on Viscosity Terms accessdate 2007 06 10 url http www.brookfieldengineering.com education viscosity glossary.asp ref The shear rate at the inner wall of a Newtonian fluid flowing within a pipe ref Ron Darby, Chemical engineering fluid mechanics , 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2001, http books.google.com books?id hoXH5qWVnpMC&pg PA64 p. 64 ref is math dot gamma frac 8v d math where math dot gamma math The shear rate, measured in reciprocal seconds. math v math The linear fluid velocity. math d math The inside diameter of the pipe. The linear fluid velocity v is related to the volumetric flow rate Q by math v frac Q A math where A is the cross sectional area of the pipe, which for an inside pipe radius of r is given by math A pi r 2 math thus producing math v frac Q pi r 2 math Substituting the above into the earlier equation for the shear rate of a Newtonian ... frac 8 left frac Q pi r 2 right 2r math which simplifies to the following equivalent form for wall shear ... For a Newtonian fluid wall shear stress math tau w math can be related to shear rate by math tau ... tensor to the shear rate tensor. References reflist Category Continuum mechanics classicalmechanics ... more details
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