Taxobox name WestAfricanPepper image image width regnum Plant ae divisio Flowering plant Magnoliophyta ... P. guineense binomial Piper guineense binomial authority synonyms Piper clusii WestAfricanPepper , also known as Ashanti Pepper , Benin Pepper , False Cubeb , Guinea Cubeb , Uziza Pepper or ambiguously Guinea pepper , called locally kale , kukauabe , masoro , sasema and soro wisa , is a WestAfrican ... of Ethiopia and Cuisine of Eritrea of Eritrea . However, WestAfricanPepper is a highly esteemed spice in its region of origin and may be hard to get abroad thus, long pepper is more often used in Berbere ...?rid misc ashanti chicken Recipe for WestAfrican Ashanti Chicken incorporating Ashanti Pepper Herbs ... Piper genus Piper , like all true pepperseeds. It is a close relative of Cubeb cubeb pepper and a relative of black pepper and long pepper . Unlike cubeb pepper, which is large and spherical in shape, Ashanti peppers are prolate spheroid s, smaller and smoother than Cubeb pepper in appearance and generally bear a reddish tinge. The stalks of Ashanti pepper berries are also distinctly curved whilst those of cubeb pepper are completely straight. The plants that provide Ashanti pepper are climbing ... as a flavouring for stews. Like other members of the Piperaceae pepper family, Ashanti peppers ..., Ashanti pepper is very similar to cubeb pepper but is much less bitter and has a fresher ... and Dieppe, Seine Maritime Dieppe in 14th Century France , these days, its use is marginalized to West and Central Africa . Use in cuisine It is used in WestAfrican cuisine where it imparts heat piquantness and a spicy, pungent aroma to classic WestAfrican soups stews . Even in West Africa, Ashanti pepper is an expensive spice and is used sparingly. Often, a few grains are in a pestle and mortar before being added along with black pepper to soups or to boiled rice. The spice can also be substituted in any recipe using cubeb pepper, where Ashati imparts a less bitter flavour. The pepper is also ... more details
Infobox settlement official name Pepper, West Virginia settlement type Unincorporated community nickname motto Images image skyline imagesize image caption image flag image seal Maps image map mapsize map caption image map1 mapsize1 map caption1 pushpin map West Virginia Location coordinates region US WV subdivision type List of countries Country subdivision name United States subdivision type1 Political divisions of the United States State subdivision name1 West Virginia subdivision type2 List of counties in West Virginia County subdivision name2 Barbour County, West Virginia Barbour Government government footnotes government type leader title leader name leader title1 leader name1 established title established date Area unit pref area footnotes area magnitude area total km2 area land km2 area water km2 area total sq mi area land sq mi area water sq mi Population population as of population footnotes population total population density km2 population density sq mi General information timezone Eastern Time Zone Eastern EST utc offset 5 timezone DST EDT utc offset DST 4 elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft 1145 latd 39 latm 11 lats 19 latNS N longd 80 longm 09 longs 23 longEW W coordinates display Area postal codes & others postal code type postal code area code Area codes 304 and 681 304 & 681 blank name Geographic Names Information System GNIS feature ID blank info 1555326 ref gnis 1555326 ref blank1 name blank1 info website footnotes Pepper is an unincorporated community in Barbour County, West Virginia Barbour County , West Virginia , United States . Pepper is convert 6.5 mi km west northwest of Philippi, West Virginia Philippi . References reflist Barbour County, West Virginia Category Populated places in Barbour County, West Virginia Category Unincorporated communities in West Virginia BarbourWV geo stub ... more details
Merge from WestAfrican Recipes date October 2011 File Yassapoulet.JPG thumb 250px Chicken Yassa food Yassa Image Pan fried fish.jpg thumb 250px Pan fried Fish food fish WestAfrican cuisine is a general term referring to many distinct regional and ethnic cuisines in West Africa n nations, with climates ... , Nigeria , and Burkina Faso . History Centuries before the influence of Europeans, WestAfrican people ... ubiquitous components of WestAfrican cuisines, along with peanut s, corn , cassava , and plantain s. In turn, these slave ships carried African ingredients to the New World, including black eyed ... mouthfeel it imparts. Seasonings Spice s play a relatively less prominent role in WestAfrican ... skin. More than in other regions of Africa, West Africans utilize Scotch bonnet pepper Scotch bonnet ... or melagueta pepper , a plant indigenous to West Africa, are also widely used. This native spice tastes ... in North America. Vegetables Vegetable s are a part of any WestAfrican meal. Some commonly eaten ... use to remove the toxins are just some of the greens that are commonplace in a WestAfrican kitchen ... feature in most WestAfrican societies, but bearing different names in different locales. Fufu Image ... 03 ref , the WestAfrican holy trinity cuisine trinity of tomatoes, onion and chillies, and common protein ... can be added such as vegetables, meats and fish. List of other WestAfrican dishes Expand section ... cite web url http www.hillmanwonders.com cuisines westafrican cuisine.htm title WestAfrican ..., WestAfrican Cooking accessdate 2010 03 22 Africa topic Cuisine of Cuisine Category African cuisine ..., Senegalese cuisine. Although the European colonists brought many new ingredients to the African continent, they had relatively little impact on the way people cook in West Africa. Its strong culinary ... among the local cuisines in West Africa, there are also many commonalities, mainly in the ingredients used. Many dishes are enriched with a base of tomato es, onion s and chili pepper s, considered ... more details
The South West Africa n pound currency pound was issued between the 1930s and 1959 by the Standard Bank of South Africa Limited , Barclays Bank Dominion, Colonial and Overseas , and Volkskas Limited . These notes circulated along with the South African pound notes of the South African Reserve Bank until 1961, when they were withdrawn and replaced with South African rand Rand notes only. The South WestAfrican pound was pegged at par with the South African pound, which had replaced the South WestAfrican mark in 1918. See also South WestAfrican banknote issuers Pound currency Category Numismatics ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 The South West Africa n mark money mark was a temporary currency issued between 1916 after the withdrawal of the German South WestAfrican mark , and prior to the introduction of the South African pound in 1918. A number of issuers issued notes denominated in South WestAfrican marks and pfennig , especially the Swakopmund Bookshop . See also South WestAfrican banknote issuers Banknotes of the Swakopmund Bookshop South West Africa Mark Category Numismatics ru ... more details
deadend date September 2011 Merge to WestAfrican cuisine date October 2011 History West Africa has a diverse range of foods that are split between the 16 countries that inhabit it, ranging from tropical to desert. In West Africa, many families grow and raise their own food, within each there is a division of labor. Rice is one of the largest grown foods in Western Africa, as well as yams. Indigenous foods concise of a number of plant species and animals that are indigenous to Africa, these are important ... also, like the items brought over by the Arabs been incorporated to be key parts of WestAfrican ... WestAfrican Cookbook. Dupsy Enterprises, 1st Edition. 1998. ISBN 0966273001 4. Osseo Asare, Fran ... of West Africa plays a large role in their cuisine and recipes, they are largely influences by the traditions and local customs. West Africa traded with the Arab world and this introduced .... In Ghana, the most used ingredients are hot pepper, ginger, and maize. They use hot pepper because ... 108 . In Senegal, the main ingredients are gumbo, hot pepper, ginger, tamarind leaves, and baobob fruit ... they commonly use for their dishes. For an overall view of West Africa, according to Fran Osseo Asare, the common ingredients for the WestAfrican region are the leaves from a baobab tree, cereal grains sorghum, millet, and fonio, Cola nuts, egusi seeds, guinea fowl, melegueta pepper, oil palm, okra ... to 4 tsp fresh peeled ginger optional 1 2 tsp salt 1 4 tsp ground red pepper vegetable oil for deep ... the seasonings, and add more ginger, onion, salt, or pepper if you wish. Put the bean paste in a bowl ... pepper 1 yellow bell pepper 1 green bell pepper Marinade ingredients 1 cup olive oil 1 onion, grated ... the venison cubes on the skewers, alternating them with the pieces of bell pepper and the shallots .... Palgrave Macmillan. 2005. Print. ISBN 0333599578 10. Stow, Josie, Baldwin, Jan. The African Kitchen ... Category African cuisine ... more details
File Kabala goats.jpg thumb WestAfrican Dwarf goats in Kabala, Sierra Leone Kabala , Sierra Leone The WestAfrican Dwarf goat breed from coastal West Africa West and Central Africa is the progenitor of the Pygmy goat African Pygmy and Nigerian Dwarf breeds in the United States , and the Dutch Dwarf Goat Dutch Dwarf and Pygmy goat Pygmy goat breeds in Great Britain . Sources http www.ansi.okstate.edu breeds goats westafricandwarf index.htm WestAfrican Dwarf Goat Category Goat breeds Category Agriculture in Africa Category Agriculture in Sierra Leone ... more details
Shared WestAfrican mythology refers to myths found across the region of West Africa . Some of these myths traveled across the Atlantic during the period of the Atlantic slave trade Trans Atlantic slave trade to become part of Caribbean, Cuban or Brazilian mythology, with some endemic changes. Features of WestAfrican mythology include Mami Wata or Water Spirits Abiku Ogbanje River Snake Ancestral Spirits This falls into religion and or reincarnation belief systems as much as myth Trickster Category African mythology Category African traditional religions africa myth stub ... more details
South WestAfrican Airways was the first commercial air service in South West Africa now Namibia . It operated from 1930 until 1935 , when it was taken over by South African Airways . History South African military forces occupied German South West Africa during World War I , and South Africa continued to administer the territory after the war, under a mandate from the League of Nations . In 1930 , the administration invited tenders for an air mail and passenger carrier service. The successful tenderer was the Junkers Aircraft Junkers aircraft company in Germany , which then formed South WestAfrican Airways. Naturally, SWAA s fleet consisted of Junkers. The SWAA s red and white logo depicted three stylised aircraft within a circle. SWAA flew mail and passengers on routes in South West Africa, and into South Africa. In 1932 , SWAA amalgamated with Union Airways in South Africa, but continued to operate under its own name. In 1935 , South African Airways, which had taken over Union Airways in 1934 , bought out SWAA. References Illsley, J.W. 2003 . In Southern Skies . External links http www.timetableimages.com ttimages swaal.htm Airline Timetable Images Category Defunct airlines of Namibia Category Airlines established in 1930 Category Airlines disestablished in 1935 Category Airlines of Namibia Africa airline stub de South WestAfrican Airways ... more details
File WestAfrican Postal Conference logo.jpg right thumb The logo of WAPC CPAO. The WestAfrican Postal Conference , or Conference des Posts de L Afrique de L Ouest , was formed in 2001 ref http www.upu.int restricted unions en wapc.html Retrieved 26 March 2010. ref as a forum for postal services in WestAfrican countries. The members are La Poste du B nin Benin SONAPOST Burkina Faso Ghana Post Ghana La Poste C te d Ivoire C te d Ivoire Office national des postes du Mali Mali Niger Poste Niger Nigerian Postal Service Nigeria La Poste Senegal Senegal La Poste du Togo Togo References Reflist External links http www.cpao.bj Official website French language Category Postal organisations W Category International organizations of Africa Category Organizations established in 2001 postal stub it WestAfrican Postal Conference ... more details
WestAfrican Research Center , or WARC, is the overseas research center for The WestAfrican Research Association WARA . It is located in Dakar , Senegal . WARC is a center for academic exchange between United States American and WestAfrican scholars that encourages research on the region of West Africa. The idea for the overseas center came about in May 1992 and was implemented in the fall of 1993. Since its inception, WARC has grown both in terms of staff and influence as it continues to connect researchers in the USA with researchers in the region of West Africa interested in common issues. Currently, WARC is headed by Dr. Ousmane Sene . It is located in the Fann Residence neighborhood of Dakar. http www.warc croa.org warc 20location.htm Objectives WARC promotes scholarly research on West Africa and the Diaspora and works to foster cooperation between American and WestAfrican researchers, students and artists. In its development from initial conception to project planning, the Center seeks the active participation and cooperation of both WestAfrican and American scholars in order to identify and meet the needs of both communities. WARC specifically aims to Encourage collaborative research between American and WestAfrican researchers, universities, and relevant institutions through a program of research fellowships and the organization of colloquia, seminars, and workshops on topics of both general and scholarly interest. Make available to WestAfrican and visiting researchers a research library, computer facilities, and a computer network capable of sustaining significant research efforts by providing up to date data and information on West Africa and the Diaspora. Provide ... of gender in the study of West Africa and the African Diaspora. Gather, catalogue, and disseminate the results of research on West Africa. Facilities The WestAfrican Research Center has a conference, seminar and round table room. The Center also makes available for the westAfrican ... more details
Infobox journal title Journal of WestAfrican Languages cover editor Keir Hansford br Ngessimo Mutaka discipline Linguistics language English, French abbreviation J. West. Afr. Lang. publisher WestAfrican Linguistic Society country frequency Biannually history 1964 present openaccess license impact impact year website http www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 844072 LCCN 64009419 CODEN ISSN 0022 5401 eISSN The Journal of WestAfrican Languages is a peer review peer reviewed academic journal dedicated to the study of Languages of Africa WestAfrican languages . It is the official publication of the WestAfrican Linguistic Society . History The journal was established in 1964 and up to volume 8 published by Cambridge University Press . It was subsequently taken over by the WestAfrican Linguistic Society. Editing and production were initially undertaken at the University of Ibadan , but production was later transferred to the SIL International Summer Institute of Linguistics beginning with volume 12. The journal is published in volumes of two issues per year May and November , in print form only. The current editor in chief is Keir Hansford SIL International . Indexing and abstracting The journal is abstracted and indexed in Abstracts in Anthropology , International Bibliography of the Social Sciences , Linguistic Bibliography , Linguistics Abstracts , Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts , Modern Language Association MLA International Bibliography , and Scopus . External links Official http www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org http coral.lili.uni bielefeld.de WALS Information WestAfrican Linguistic Society Category Linguistics journals Category Publications established in 1964 Category Multilingual journals Category Biannual journals ... more details
The WestAfrican Nations Cup , also known as CSSA Nations Cup or Zone 3 Championship, was a Association football football championship held from 1982 to 1987 not in 1985 , but discontinued. Ghana won all editions, and indeed never lost a single match among the 25 they played. The tournament was unsuccessfully revived in 2001 as WAFU Championship in 2005 a WAFU Laurent Gbagbo WestAfrican Unity Cup was organised between four of the better teams of the region, apparently as an invitational tournament so not a proper successor of the tournament of the eighties. The Supreme Council for Sports in Africa ... 2007 10 20 ref WestAfrican Nations Cup Record border 1 style border collapse collapse font size ... Place width 10 Score width 15 Fourth Place align center bgcolor F5FAFF 1982 br 1982 WestAfrican Nations ... Ivory Coast align center bgcolor D0E7FF 1983 br 1983 WestAfrican Nations Cup Details Ivory Coast ... F5FAFF 1984 br 1984 WestAfrican Nations Cup Details Burkina Faso fb big Ghana 1 1 fb big Togo ... WestAfrican Nations Cup Details Ghana fb big Ghana 1 0 fb big Togo fb big Niger 2 1 fb big Burkina Faso align center bgcolor F5FAFF 1987 br 1987 WestAfrican Nations Cup Details Liberia fb big Ghana 2 1 fb big Liberia fb big Nigeria 3 1 fb big Togo Most WestAfrican Nations Cup Wins class wikitable Wins Nation Year s align center 5 times fb Ghana 1982 WestAfrican Nations Cup 1982 , 1983 WestAfrican Nations Cup 1983 , 1984 WestAfrican Nations Cup 1984 , 1986 WestAfrican Nations Cup 1986 , 1987 WestAfrican Nations Cup 1987 Statistics class wikitable style text align center width 175 Team ... reflist External links http rsssf.com tablesc cssa.html WestAfrican Nations Cup or Zone 3 Championship ... football African football WestAfrican Nations Cup Category WestAfrican Nations Cup Category Defunct ... functioning as a specialised agency of the Organization of African Unity . The SCSA has its headquarters ... competitions in West Africa Category Recurring sporting events established in 1982 Category Recurring ... more details
Centre of WestAfrican Studies CWAS is a division of the School of Historical Studies at the University of Birmingham UK . The centre provides teaching and research into issues of African International Development development , African culture culture , anthropology , sociology , African politics politics , African history history , and the legacies of the African diaspora , particularly in the UK , the Caribbean , and North America . CWAS offers undergraduate and postgraduate study programs in a number of Africa related fields. It is home to the John Fage Library, which houses the CWAS Archives and Electronic Music Database, and the Danford Collection, a unique collection of priceless African artifacts and cultural products. History The Centre was founded in 1963 by John Fage , a scholar of African particularly Ghana ian history, who during his career wrote several seminal works on the history of the African continent, including History of Africa now in its 4th edition , Africa Discovers Her Past , and Ghana A Historical Interpretation , which developed out of a series of lectures sir john cabot read at the University of Wisconsin Madison in 1956. The Danford Collection evolved out of a collection of African cultural artifacts that were brought to the UK by a British civil servant after his posting in West Africa, and has been expanded over time. Scholars in Residence Dr. Reginald Cline Cole Dr. Lynne Brydon Dr. Stewart Brown Dr. Keith Shear Dr. Insa Nolte Prof. Karin Barber External links http www.cwas.bham.ac.uk CWAS website Category University of Birmingham Category African studies Category Ethnic studies organizations Category Educational institutions established in 1963 Africandiaspora stub ... more details
The WestAfrican Development Bank WADB fr. Banque Ouest Africaine de D veloppement BOAD pt. Banco de Desenvolvimento do Oeste Africano BDOA is an international Multilateral Development Bank established in 1973 to serve the nations of Francophone and Lusophone West Africa . The BOAD is organised by the Central Bank of WestAfrican States and its eight member governments Benin , Burkina Faso , C te d Ivoire , Guinea Bissau , Mali , Niger , Senegal and Togo . It is funded by member states, foreign governments and international agencies. Its headquarters are in Lom , Togo . Creation The BOAD was created 14 November 1973 by member states of the WestAfrican Monetary Union WAMU . The original charter focused on development of member economies towards balanced development and to prepare economies for future WestAfrican economic integration. In 1994, it became the development arm of the WestAfrican Economic and Monetary Union WAEMU UEMOA . Structure Since that time several international organisations have become members of the bank, adding funding and sitting on the board. These include The African Development Bank , the European Investment Bank , the Export and Import Bank of India Exim Bank , ref http www.financialexpress.com news Exim Bank buys stake in WestAfrican Development Bank 118243 Exim Bank buys stake in WestAfrican Development Bank , Financial Express, 4 November 2004 ref and the People s Bank of China . ref http findarticles.com p articles mi hb5562 is 200412 ai n22713614 CHINA TO TAKE STAKE IN WESTAFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AsiaInfo Services, December, 2004 ref The president of the bank s board is chosen by the heads of state of UEMOA, and since January 2008, Abdoulaye Bio Tchane . The Bank s day to day operations are carried out by the President and the Bank adminmanager ... The WestAfrican Development Bank WADB Further reading WestAfrican Development Bank Boad Handbook. Intl ... Category African Development Category Multilateral development banks Category Supranational banks ... more details
refimprove date February 2011 WestAfrican Pidgin English , also called Guinea Coast Creole English , was the lingua franca , or language of commerce, spoken along the WestAfrican coast during the period of the Atlantic slave trade . British slave merchants and local African traders developed this language ... up the river systems into the WestAfrican interior because of its value as a trade language among ... . At that point, it became a creole language . Some scholars call this language WestAfrican ... WestAfrican Pidgin English arose during the period when the British dominated the Atlantic ... traders were in constant contact with African villagers and long distance traders along thousands of miles of WestAfrican coastline. Africans who picked up elements of pidgin English for purposes ... year 1788 ref Matthews refers to WestAfrican Pidgin English as a jargon, and he warns Europeans ... of its sound system, grammar, and syntax from the local substrate languages WestAfrican Niger Congo languages . The English dialect that served as the target language or lexifier for WestAfrican ... WestAfrican Pidgin English. Indeed, these contemporary English based pidgin and creole languages are so similar that they are sometimes grouped together under the name WestAfrican Pidgin English, though the term applies more properly to the trade language spoken on the WestAfrican coast two hundred years ago. Some scholars also argue that African slaves took WestAfrican Pidgin English to the New ... taken to the Americas spoke many different African languages, they would have found WestAfrican Pidgin ... versions of WestAfrican Pidgin English as their native languages, thus creating a series of New ... from the early WestAfrican Pidgin English. Note the following examples Sierra Leone Krio Dem dey go ... ritual language which, according to linguists, resembles the WestAfrican Pidgin English that was spoken ... to the end of English words when they took them into WestAfrican Pidgin English. Since words in African ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name WestAfrican Pygmy Shrew status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Soricomorpha familia Soricidae genus Crocidura species C. obscurior binomial Crocidura obscurior binomial authority Heim de Balsac Balsac , 1958 synonyms range map WestAfrican Pygmy Shrew area.png range map caption WestAfrican Pygmy Shrew range The WestAfrican Pygmy Shrew Crocidura obscurior is a species of mammal in the Soricidae family. It is found in Ivory Coast , Ghana , Guinea , Nigeria , and Sierra Leone . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest s. References Hutterer, R. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 41457 all Crocidura obscurior . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 July 2007. Soricomorpha C1. Category Crocidura whitetoothed shrew stub ca Crocidura obscurior es Crocidura obscurior eu Crocidura obscurior ... more details
sterling became the currency of the British WestAfrican territories and standard issue United Kingdom coinage circulated. The WestAfrican territories in question are Nigeria , the Gold Coast British ... West Africa resulted in the authorities in London setting up the WestAfrican Currency Board ... nationhood. In the case of British West Africa , it was the authorities in London who made the decision to issue a special coinage for the WestAfrican territories. The authorities in London did not do ... circumstances in British West Africa that prompted the move towards a special issue of sterling coinage were that there was a tendency for the existing United Kingdom sterling coinage in the WestAfrican territories to leave the region and return to the United Kingdom , hence causing a local dearth of coinage. A unique British WestAfrican variety of the sterling coinage that would not be accepted ... the currency in 1907, replacing the Liberian dollar , despite the fact it was not served by the WestAfrican Currency Board. Liberia changed to the U.S. dollar in 1943. The British sections of Togo and Cameroon adopted the WestAfrican currency in 1914 and 1916 respectively after being taken from Germany . Beginning in 1958, the WestAfrican pound was replaced by local currencies in the individual ... replaced cupro nickel in the frac 1 10 , and 1 penny coins. The last coins of British West Africa pennies were struck in 1958. Banknotes In 1916, the WestAfrican Currency Board introduced notes ... 20 shillings were produced in 1962. See also WestAfrican Monetary Zone Economic Community of West ... links Pound currency DEFAULTSORT British WestAfrican Pound Category Currencies of Africa Category ...The pound was once the currency of British West Africa , a group of British colonies, protectorates and mandate ... were quite different from those relating to British West Africa . In the case of Australia , the local ... Coins Image bwacoins.jpg thumb right 100px One tenth penny coins from British West Africa, dated 1936 ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name WestAfrican Batis image status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Platysteiridae genus Batis bird Batis species B. occulta binomial Batis occulta binomial authority Lawson, 1984 synonyms The WestAfrican Batis Batis occulta is a species of bird in the Platysteiridae family. It is found in Cameroon , Central African Republic , Republic of the Congo , Ivory Coast , Equatorial Guinea , Gabon , Ghana , Liberia , Nigeria , and Sierra Leone . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest s. References BirdLife International 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 51487 all Batis occulta . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 25 July 2007. Category Batis Category Birds of Africa Platysteiridae stub pt Batis occulta ... more details
The WestAfrican National Secretariat WANS was a Pan Africanist movement founded by Kwame Nkrumah , based in Britain. Nkrumah founded WANS in December 1945, immediately following the Manchester Pan African Congress , becoming the new organisation s Secretary General. Other founder members included Isaac Theophilus Akunna Wallace Johnson I. T. A. Wallace Johnson who was elected as Chairman , Bankole Akpata , Kojo Botsio and Bankole Awooner Renner the first President . Many of its initial members were also members of the WestAfrican Students Union WASU . WANS aimed to build a united movement throughout West Africa for independence, on a platform of anti imperialism . Its view of West Africa was broad, and aimed to include countries as distant as Kenya and Sudan . A major congress was planned, but never came to fruition. Within WANS, Nkrumah organised a secret socialist revolutionary group, known as The Circle . This group worked closely with the Communist Party of Great Britain . During 1946, WANS published five issues of a monthly journal, The New African , containing articles in English, French and Belgian, on WestAfrican issues, but also incorporating stories from the Moscow New Times . In September, it held a joint conference with WASU, which Nkrumah convinced L opold S dar Senghor and Sourou Migan Apithy to attend. WANS was considerably weakened after Nkrumah returned to Africa in 1947, and appears to have dissolved the following year. References Hakim Adi, West Africans in Britain 1900 1960 Daryl Zizwe Poe, Kwame Nkrumah s Contribution to Pan Africanism An Afrocentric Analysis Category 1945 establishments Category Politics of Africa Category Anti imperialism Category Socialist parties Category Pan Africanist organizations Category Organizations established in 1945 ... more details
The WestAfrican Youth League was a political organisation founded by I. T. A. Wallace Johnson in June 1935. ref name SD1973p432 Harvnb Spitzer Denzer 1973a p 432 . ref The group was a major political force against the colonial government in West Africa , especially in the Gold Coast British colony Gold Coast and Sierra Leone . In 1938 the popularity of the League increased in Sierra Leone as Wallace Johnson returned. ref http www.iss.co.za af profiles SieraLeone Politics.html Sierra Leone History and Politics Bot generated title ref The league contested and won the Freetown City Council elections in the same year. At the time Wallace Johnson claimed that the organisation had a membership of 40 000. Following the Freetown election victory, the British authorities arrested Wallace Johnson. ref http www.africanews.com site list messages 16944 AfricaNews Wallace Johnson s legacy still thrives ... York isbn oclc 1992688 . citation last1 Kilson first1 Martin title Political Change in a WestAfrican ... first1 Leo last2 Denzer first2 LaRay title I. T. A. Wallace Johnson and the WestAfrican Youth League year 1973a journal The International Journal of African Historical Studies volume 6 issue 3 pages 413 452 jstor 216610 issn 0361 7882 doi 10.2307 216610 publisher The International Journal of African ... title I. T. A. Wallace Johnson and the WestAfrican Youth League. Part II The Sierra Leone Period, 1938 1945 year 1973b journal The International Journal of African Historical Studies volume 6 issue ... took it into the Pan African Federation set up in Manchester , United Kingdom . He decided to merge ... Hakim author1 link Hakim Adi last2 Sherwood first2 Marika title Pan African History Political ... Crisis of 1939 year 1982 date June September 1982 journal African Studies Review volume 25 issue 2 3 pages 159 183 jstor 524215 issn 0002 0206 doi 10.2307 524215 publisher African Studies Review, Vol ... of African Historical Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4 . Category Anti racist organizations Category International ... more details
Taxobox image image width image caption name WestAfrican lion scientific classification regnum Animal ... Meyer , 1826 The WestAfrican lion Panthera leo senegalensis is a subspecies of the lion , native to western Africa. Recent genetic research indicates, that the Western and Central African lions form ... major types. One North African Asian, one WestAfrican, one eastern Sahel, one eastern southern African and one southwestern African type. This finding supports the status of the Western African lion as a valid subspecies. ref Cite journal last Barnett first Ross coauthors Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki ... or eastern Africa. According to this study, WestAfrican lions are even more closely related to Asian lions, than to South or East African lions. These findings might be explained by a late Pleistocene ... africa.html Researchers confirm West and Central African lion is different from other lions . University .... ref In the Pendjari National Park area, which is within the range of the WestAfrican lion, almost ... by the Dutch Zoo Conservation Fund, 2010. ref Distribution and population status The WestAfrican lion is distributed in western Africa south of the Sahara from Senegal in the west to the Central African ... The largest population of WestAfrican lions is found in the so called WAP Complex, a large system ... & van der Merwe However, these lions are outside the range, originally described for the WestAfrican ... N02 sets 72157604851044321 Photos of WestAfrican lions at Pendjari National Park at flickr http www.wildlifeextra.com ... endangered in western Africa. Subspecies status Mitochondria l variation in living African lions seemed ... geographic ranges of the African lion, Panthera leo journal Conservation Genetics volume ... 2007 ref A recent study further confirmed the uniqueness of the Western African lion and showed, that lions ... history and implications for conservation of the lion Panthera leo in West and Central Africa ... African are believed to be smaller than lions from southern Africa. It is also suggested, that they have ... more details
Taxobox name WestAfrican catshark status DD status system IUCN3.1 trend regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Chondrichthyes ordo Carcharhiniformes familia Scyliorhinidae genus Scyliorhinus species S. cervigoni binomial Scyliorhinus cervigoni binomial authority Claude Maurin Maurin & Marc Bonnet Bonnet , 1970 range map Scyliorhinus cervigoni distmap.png Portal Sharks The WestAfrican catshark , Scyliorhinus cervigoni , is a cat shark of the family biology family Scyliorhinidae found from the eastern Atlantic between latitude s 20th parallel north 20 N and 17th parallel south 17 S , at depths between 45 and 500 m. Its length is up to 67 cm. Known as the nursehound , Scyliorhinus stellaris , in the past. Reproduction is oviparous . References FishBase species genus Scyliorhinus species cervigoni month July year 2006 Leonard Compagno Compagno , Dando, & Fowler, Sharks of the World , Princeton University Press, New Jersey 2005 ISBN 978 0 691 12072 0 DEFAULTSORT WestAfrican Catshark Category Scyliorhinidae zh min nan Scyliorhinus cervigoni ca Scyliorhinus cervigoni es Scyliorhinus cervigoni fr Scyliorhinus cervigoni ... more details
orphan date December 2009 This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name WestAfrican seahorse image status DD status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Gasterosteiformes familia Syngnathidae genus Hippocampus species H. algiricus binomial Hippocampus algiricus binomial authority Johann Jakob Kaup Kaup , 1856 synonyms The WestAfrican seahorse Hippocampus algiricus is a species of fish in the Syngnathidae family. It is found in Algeria , Angola , Benin , Ivory Coast , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Liberia , Nigeria , S o Tom and Pr ncipe , Senegal , and Sierra Leone . Source Project Seahorse 2002. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 41007 all Hippocampus algiricus . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 4 August 2007. Category Hippocampus Syngnathiformes stub ca Hippocampus algiricus co Hippocampus algiricus es Hippocampus algiricus it Hippocampus algiricus nl Hippocampus algiricus pt Hippocampus algiricus vi WestAfrican seahorse ... more details
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