pointer warning somefunc void billy Valid C and C , warning free source DEFAULTSORT WeakTyping ...Multiple issues unreferenced August 2009 essay like January 2009 Merge to Strong typing date November 2010 type systems In computer science , weaktyping a.k.a. loose typing is a property attributed to the type system s of some programming language s. It is the opposite of strong typing , and consequently the term weaktyping has as many different meanings as strong typing does. One of the more common definitions states that weakly typed programming languages are those that support either implicit type conversion nearly all languages support at least one implicit type conversion , ad hoc polymorphism computer science polymorphism also known as overloading or both. These less restrictive usage rules can give the impression that strict adherence to typing rules is less important than in strongly typed languages and hence that the type system is weaker . However, such languages usually have restrictions on what programmers can do with value computer science value s of a given datatype type thus it is possible for a weakly typed language to be Type safety type safe . Moreover, weakly typed languages may be statically typed , in which case overloading is resolved statically and type conversion operations are inserted by the compiler, or dynamically typed, in which case everything is resolved at run time. One claimed advantage of weaktyping over strong typing is that it requires less effort on the part of the programmer because the compiler or interpreter implicitly performs certain kinds of conversions. However, one claimed disadvantage is that weakly typed programming systems catch fewer errors at compile time and some of these might still remain after testing has been completed. Two commonly used languages that support many kinds of implicit conversion are C programming language C and C , and it is sometimes claimed that these are weakly typed languages. However, others ... more details
2009 File Computer keyboard.gif thumb Person typing on a Laptop notebook computer keyboard File Typing example.ogv thumb Video of typing on a notebook computer keyboard Typing is the process of inputting ... features such as spell checker , autocomplete and autoreplace serve to facilitate and speed up typing and to prevent or correct errors the typist may make. Technique Touch typing File Touch typing.svg thumb right Typing zones on a QWERTY keyboard for each finger taken from KTouch Main Touch typing The basic technique stands in contrast to hunt and peck typing as the typist keeps their eyes on the source copy at all times. Touch typing also involves the use of the home row method, where typists ... typists also use keyboard shortcut s or hotkeys when typing on a computer. This allows them to edit ... and peck two fingered typing , also known as search and peck , is a common form of typing, in which the typist must find and press each key individually. This is usually slower than touch typing . Instead ... from the keys. Although good accuracy may be achieved, any typographical error typing errors that are made ... fingers are used, they are forced to move a much greater distance. File CCC typing class.gif thumb right 300px Civilian Conservation Corps typing class, 1933 There are many idiosyncratic typing styles in between hunt and peck and touch typing for example, many people will type blindly, but use only ... combine touch typing and hunt and peck by using a buffering method. In the buffer method, the typist ... and is used in typing competitions in which the typist is not well versed in touch typing. It is not normally ... 20th century trend in typing, primarily used with devices such as PDA s with thumb keyboard s or smartphone s with small virtual keyboard s, is thumbing or thumb typing. This can be accomplished using ... Words per minute WPM is a measure of typing speed, commonly used in recruitment . For the purposes ... and other typing jobs , and some advanced typists work at speeds above 120. From the 1920s through ... more details
wiktionary TOC right Weak is a generic adjective pertaining to a general state of feebleness, a lack of strength, wikt durability durability , or wikt vigor vigor . Weakness Computing In concurrent programming refers to weaker consistency models. A weak entity is a database entity that cannot be uniquely identified by its own attributes alone. A weak reference is a reference that does not protect the referent object from collection by the garbage collector. A weak symbol is a symbol definition in an object file or dynamic library that may be overridden by other symbol definitions. A vulnerability computing weak software system a software system that can be exploited to do something unforeseen by its designers against the system security Music Weak SWV song Weak SWV song , a song by SWV Weak Skunk Anansie song Weak Skunk Anansie song , a song by Skunk Anansie Weak , a song by Westlife from Gravity Westlife album Gravity Science Weak acid Weak convergence Hilbert space of a sequence in a Hilbert space Weak derivative defined on Sobolev spaces Weak key in cryptography Weak nuclear force , one of the four fundamental forces of nature Weak topology of functional analysis Weak topology polar topology Weak operator topology Other Weak inflection Weak Law & Order Special Victims Unit Weak Law & Order Special Victims Unit , an episode of Law & Order Special Victims Unit Strict weak ordering Weak In Call of Duty See also lookfrom intitle Strong disambiguation opposite Week disambiguation possible misspelling Debile , Latin equivalent of the word disambig fr Faible it Debole ... more details
Refimprove date May 2008 Image Touch typing.svg thumb right 400px Typing zones on a QWERTY keyboard for each ... method. Touch typing is typing without using the sense of visual perception sight to find the keys ... . Touch typing typically involves placing the eight fingers in a horizontal row along the middle of the keyboard ... touch typing is usually a copy typist or an audio typist . On a standard keyboard for English speakers ... with the existing layout, moves to change the layouts to increase typing speed have been largely ignored ... from Salt Lake City who taught typing classes, reportedly invented touch typing. On July 25, 1888, McGurrin, who was reportedly the only person using touch typing at the time, won a decisive victory over Louis Traub operating Caligraph with eight finger method in a typing contest held in Cincinnati ... won 500 11,400 in 2007 and popularized the new typing method. Whether McGurrin was actually the first ... by other typists in other typing competitions at the time suggest that they must have been using ... www.reason.com news show 29944.html title Typing Errors magazine Reason magazine Reason month June ... common other form of typing is search and peck typing or two fingered typing . This method is slower than touch typing because instead of relying on the memorized position of keys, the typist is required ... typing can efficiently bring an average speed typist to 60 words per minute WPM fairly quickly and at the same time increase accuracy by great amounts. Upon learning to touch type, comfortable typing speed is expected to be achieved within a month. The typing speed can be increased gradually with regular ... are available to learn touch typing and many of these are free. Learning touch typing can be stressful ... level, it exerts minimal stress on the fingers. Typing speed generally improves with practice. While practicing, it is important to ensure that there are no weak keys. Typing speed is typically determined by how slow these weak keys are typed rather than how fast the remaining keys are typed. If a stage ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 unreferenced December 2007 context October 2009 In computer programming , latent typing as opposed to eager typing or manifest typing is a style of Type system typing that does not require or perhaps even offer explicit Declaration computer science type declaration s. Latent typing is heavily associated with duck typing and dynamic typing at Run time computing runtime , but may also be achieved by type inference and static typing at compile time . A related term, implicit typing , also covers static type inference systems with few or no annotations. See also Duck typing DEFAULTSORT Latent Typing Category Data types compu lang stub ... more details
Merge from Weaktyping date November 2010 type systems In computer science and computer programming , a type system is said to feature strong typing when it specifies one or more restrictions on how operations involving values of different data type s can be intermixed. The opposite of strong typing is weaktyping . Interpretation Most generally, strong typing implies that the programming language places severe restrictions on the intermixing that is permitted to occur, preventing the compiler compiling or running of source code which uses data in what is considered to be an invalid way. For instance, an addition operation may not be used with an integer and string values a procedure which operates upon linked list s may not be used upon numbers. However, the nature and strength of these restrictions ... papers call this property security . Example class wikitable WeakTyping Strong Typing Pseudocode syntaxhighlight ... strong typing simply as the absence of unchecked run time type errors. ref ftp gatekeeper.research.compaq.com ... in computer literature Some of the factors which writers have qualified as strong typing include ... for the operation. Fixed and invariable typing of data objects . The type of a given data object ... Self are all strongly typed in the sense that typing errors are prevented at runtime and they do ... does not check or enforce type constraint rules. The term duck typing is now used to describe the dynamic typing paradigm used by the languages in this group. The Lisp programming language Lisp family of languages are all strongly typed in the sense that typing errors are prevented at runtime. Some ... unambiguously about type systems often eschew the term strong typing in favor of specific expressions such as static typing or type safety . See also Data type includes a more thorough discussion of typing issues Comparison of programming languages has a table of languages showing whether or not they are strongly typed Type system Type safety References references DEFAULTSORT Strong Typing ... more details
weaktyping system. Any reference to a table s member function is checked dynamically at run time ... s, duck typing is a style of dynamic typing in which an object s current set of Method computer ... America s Highway ref In duck typing, one is concerned with just those aspects of an object that are used ... of typing. Duck typing is aided by habitually not testing for the type of arguments in method and function ..., apples and oranges, apples and oranges, Thus, duck typing allows type polymorphism polymorphism ... Type system Static typing statically typed languages such as Boo programming language Boo and the version ... Duck Typing Boo Duck Typing ref ref http blogs.msdn.com ericwhite archive 2008 10 29 anders hejlsberg ... to enjoy most of the benefits of duck typing with the only drawback being the need to identify and specify ... systems Duck typing is similar to but distinct from structural typing . Structural typing is a static typing system that determines type compatibility and equivalence by a type s structure, whereas duck typing is dynamic typing dynamic and determines type compatibility by only that part of a type s structure ... Interfaces can provide some of the benefits of duck typing but duck typing is distinct in that no explicit ... of an interface you have defined yourself, whereas duck typing would allow this. Again, all of an interface ... typing static typing context this brings all the advantages and disadvantages of Type system Static and dynamic type checking in practice static versus dynamic type checking in general. Duck typing ... is this Citation needed date October 2010 One issue with duck typing is that it forces the programmer .... However, a class called Trousers might also implement the press method. With Duck Typing, in order ... a duck. Proponents of duck typing, such as Guido van Rossum , argue that the issue is handled by testing ... www.mindviewinc.com Blog OldestIndex.php title Strong Typing vs. Strong Testing author Bruce Eckel ... around duck typing tend to be special cases of broader points of contention regarding Type system ... more details
Infobox Software name Tux Typing logo screenshot caption developer community project latest release version 1.8.0 latest release date 2009 11 10 programming language C programming language C operating system Cross platform language English genre Educational Typing Tutor for Children license GNU General Public License website http tux4kids.alioth.debian.org tuxtype tux4kids.alioth.debian.org tuxtype Tux Typing is a free and open source typingtyping tutor created especially for children. It features several different types of game play, at a variety of difficulty levels. It is designed to be fun and educational. It is written in the C programming language and is available in the repositories of some Linux distribution s such as Fedora operating system Fedora . Interface Each fish has a letter or a word written on it. When the player presses the corresponding key, or types the appropriate word, Tux will position himself to eat the fish made for children learning to type and spell. ref http www.pcworld.ca downloads details 152332.htm ref References reflist 2 Tina Gasperson September 08, 2008 http www.linux.com archive feature 146602 Three typing tutors and a boy , linux.com See also Tux Paint External links http tux4kids.alioth.debian.org tuxtype Official Website edu videogame stub open source video games Category Software for children Category Typing software Category Linux games Category Free, open source educational games ca Tux Typing ... more details
Metabolic typing is the term for a diet nutrition diet based upon the concept metabolic type . Proponents claim that each person has a unique metabolism , and that therefore the nutrients which are appropriate for one person may be inappropriate for a second, and detrimental for a third. Metabolic typing claims to use common visible symptoms related to the skin, eyes, and other superficial parts of the body to assess different aspects of a person s metabolism and categorize them into broad metabolic types. In addition, some proponents of metabolic typing use tests such as hair analysis alternative medicine hair analysis to determine a person s metabolic type . ref name wolcott1 The Metabolic Typing Diet, Wolcott and Fahey, p.118 119 ref A number of somewhat different metabolic typing diet plans are currently marketed. The validity and effectiveness of metabolic typing have not been established. ref name qw2 http www.quackwatch.org 01QuackeryRelatedTopics Tests nutrabalance.html Nutrabalance , a metabolic typing firm, described by Quackwatch . Accessed April 27, 2007. ref Background Metabolic typing was introduced by William Donald Kelley, a dentist , in the 1960s. Kelley advocated basing dietary choices on the activity of one s sympathetic nervous system sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system s. In 1970, Kelley was convicted of practicing medicine without a license, as he ... therapy. He continued to promote a metabolic typing diet through the 1980s. ref name qw1 cite web ... ref Effectiveness Although metabolic typing diets have been promoted to patients with cancer , along ... medicine, metabolic typing has come under fire by certain people in the traditional medical field. The Memorial ... Center . Accessed April 27, 2007. ref Some metabolic typing companies use a battery of blood test ... received 2 drastically different metabolic typing reports and dietary plans. Both plans involved the purchase ... Category Diets de Metabolic Typing ... more details
Infobox VG title The Typing of the Dead image Image TTOTD Packshot.jpeg 256px center The Typing of the Dead ... computing Keyboard The Typing of the Dead original Japanese title is an arcade ... of the Dead 2 . While the latter is a standard video game light gun light gun shooter, Typing ... players to enhance their typing skills to be successful, it has been praised by critics ..., the player must type the names of flowers to kill zombies The Typing of the Dead has been ... 2 . Like the original, Typing of the Dead is styled as a first person Shoot em up Tube and rail shooters rail shooter game, but substitutes shooting zombie s and other enemies with typing out ... games reviews typingofthedead title The Typing of the Dead accessdate 2008 03 09 publisher GameSpy ... title The Typing of the Dead accessdate 2008 03 09 publisher Just Games Retro ref Other features ... import cite news title The Typing of the Dead Import url http dreamcast.ign.com articles 163 163515p1.html ... phrase, typing the correct answer to a question etc. ref name retro The console ports have two modes ... typing training. ref name IGNrev cite news title The Typing of the Dead url http dreamcast.ign.com ... similar to the 1998 Curien case. ... James, go and prevent the confusion in the city. The Typing ... financial group and an expert on the Geonome theory. We have to stop him. The Typing of the Dead ... over mankind. The Typing of the Dead, Sega Smilebit, 2001. ref Much of the game revolves around destroying ... title The Typing of the Dead FAQ accessdate 2008 03 08 publisher passagen.se ref ... Typingofthedead.jpg 200px thumb left An original arcade cabinet of the game The Typing of the Dead ... title Typing of the Dead accessdate 2008 03 09 publisher Killer List of Videogames ref The game ... cite news title Sega Keys In Some More Typing Of The Dead Information url http dreamcast.ign.com articles ... Walker title Typing of the Dead now available url http www.gamespot.com pc puzzle typingofthedead news.html ... more details
Mergeto Type system Explicit or implicit declaration and inference date August 2009 Type systems In computer science, manifest typing is when the software programmer explicitly identifies the type of each variable being declared. For example if variable X is going to store integers then its type must be declared as integer. In contrast, some programming languages use type inference implicit typing aka. type inference where the type is deduced from context or allow for Type system Dynamic typing dynamic typing in which the variable is just declared and may be assigned a value of any type at runtime. Examples Consider the following example written in the C programming language C programming language source lang c include stdio.h int main void char s Test String float x 0.0 int y 0 printf Hello World n return 0 source Note that the variables s , x , and y were declared as a character array, floating point number, and an integer, respectively. The type system rejects, at compile time, such fallacies as trying to add s and x . In contrast, in Standard ML , the types are not explicitly declared. Instead, the type is determined by the type of the assigned expression. let val s Test String val x 0.0 val y 0 in print Hello World n end There are no manifest types in this program, but the compiler still infers the types code string code , code real code and code int code for them, and would reject the expression code s x code as a compile time error. See also Type system External links http c2.com cgi wiki?ManifestTyping Manifest typing DEFAULTSORT Manifest Typing Category Type theory Category Data types Category Programming language implementation compu lang stub ... more details
Notability date May 2008 Infobox VG title JumpStart Typing image developer Knowledge Adventure br Van Duyne Engineering publisher Knowledge Adventure series JumpStart released 1997 in video gaming 1997 designer engine genre educational game Educational modes Single player ratings ESRB K A br RSAC ALL platforms Personal computer PC Microsoft Windows Windows , Apple Macintosh Macintosh media CD ROM requirements input Mouse computing Mouse , computer keyboard keyboard JumpStart Typing is a personal computer game intended to teach typing skills to kids aged seven to ten. The game seems to be set in the same fictional universe universe as JumpStart Adventures 3rd Grade Mystery Mountain . The game is set at Sparks Stadium, where a kind of keyboarding Olympic Games Olympics take place between the Sparks Team and the Galaxy Gladiators. When Polly Spark gets mad at Coach QWERTY Qwerty , who didn t like her untapped typing talent and consequently kicked her off the team, she locks him in the Trophy ... and recharge Polly s power cards through taking timed typing tests. At the beginning of the game ... featuring modern computer keyboard s, that teach the user about the home row keys and correct typing posture. The Test O Matic features lessons and timed typing tests. It is through taking the timed typing tests that the user attempts to reach the words per minute that activate the power cards ... typing tests in the Keyboard Training Center. Botley may have been voiced by a new person, but he still ... obstacles or the mischievous Track Trickster by typing the letters that appear on them. Keyboard ... snowboard ers make it to the bottom of a mountain by typing the letters that appear above each of them ... in Torrance was JumpStart Typing . Led by executive producer Mike Albanese and producer Michele Lichtenstein , JumpStart Typing was declared to be more JumpStart than JumpStart . This effectively ... game id jump start typing Category 1997 video games Category Typing video games Category Children s educational ... more details
Tissue typing is a procedure in which the tissues of a prospective donor and recipient are tested for compatibility prior to Organ transplant transplantation . An embryo can be tissue typed to ensure that the embryo implanted can be a cord blood stem cell donor for a sick sibling. ref Designing Donors . Shaun D. Pattinson, Faculty of Law and Sheffield Institute of Biotechnological Law and Ethics, University of Sheffield. http www.ccels.cf.ac.uk literature issue 2003 pattinson.pdf link ref One technique of tissue typing, mixed leukocyte reaction , is performed by culturing lymphocytes from the donor together with those from the recipient. ref http pathmicro.med.sc.edu ghaffar mhc2000.htm MHC Bot generated title ref Another technique, known as a micro cytotoxicity assay, utilizes serum with known anti HLA antibodies that recognize particular human leukocyte antigen HLA loci HLA A, HLA B, HLA C, HLA DP, HLA DQ, HLA DR in order to match genetically similar individuals in hopes of performing a tissue transplantation. In this technique a donor s blood cells are major histocompatibility complex MHC typed by mixing them with Blood serum serum containing the anti HLA antibodies . If the antibodies recognize their epitope on the MHC then classical complement pathway complement activation occurs and the cell will be osmotically lysis lysed . Lysis results in the cell taking up a dye trypan blue . This allows identification of cell s MHC indirectly based on the specificity of the known antibodies in the serum. See also Histocompatibility References references External links http www.hfea.gov.uk preimplantation tissue typing.html How Preimplantation tissue typing works, HFEA website MeshName Tissue typing http www.stanford.edu dept HPS transplant html tt 1.html http www.bchealthguide.org kbase topic medtest hw40261 descrip.htm Category Medical tests Category Transplantation medicine immunology stub ... more details
cleanup date December 2010 expert date December 2010 wikify date December 2010 Gender typing attempts to make distinctions made between males, females and other genders are defining characteristics of society. Though societies differ in which roles they assign to each gender, all roles as allocated on the basis of sex, and its capabilities. Males and females are expected to acquire gender sex specific ... Typing. Psychological Review 354 364 88.4 1981 . Web. 15 Dec. 2010. ref Definition Gender typing .... Print. ref Acquisition Gender typing is most typical during the formative years of developing ... or boy world. Gender typing begins as early as age 2 or 3, as children are just beginning to distinguish ... typing by the clothes they see other children wear, hairstyles and what toys are okay for boys ..., fragile, dependent and submissive. ref GENDER TYPING AND STEREOTYPING Gender Issues In Psychology ... gender typing and stereotyping . ref In many languages, words are masculine or feminine la primavera ... theory is also important in forming one s gender identity through gender typing. Through this theory ... of Sex Typing. Psychological Review 354 364 88.4 1981 . Web. 15 Dec. 2010. ref Cognitive Factors in Gender Typing Gender typing is a mental process, it is influenced by several cognitive factors ..., CSU Long Beach. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. http csulb.edu kmacd 361SEX.html . ref Problems with Gender Typing The APA defines gender typing as expectations about people s behavior that are based on their biological ... of gender typing begin to cease around 6 years old, ref Myers, David G. Psychology. New York Worth, 2008. Print ref problems can also arise with gender typing. As children gender type the roles ... develop gender identity disorder . Relation to Gender Identity and Gender Role Gender typing is seen ..., defining how those in that gender group ought to behave. While very similar to gender typing, it is the ominous ... is assumed when gender typing. ref Myers, David G. Psychology. New York Worth, 2008. Print ref References ... more details
File LambdaPlaques.jpg right thumb A culture of bacteria infected by bacteriophages, the holes are areas where the bacteria have been killed by the virus. The culture is 10cm in diameter. Phage typing is a method used for detecting single Strain biology strains of bacteria . It is used to trace the source of outbreaks of infections. ref name pmid20122382 vcite journal author Baggesen DL, S rensen G, Nielsen EM, Wegener HC title Phage typing of Salmonella Typhimurium is it still a useful tool for surveillance and outbreak investigation? journal Euro Surveillance Bulletin Europ en Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles European Communicable Disease Bulletin volume 15 issue 4 pages 19471 year 2010 pmid 20122382 doi url http www.eurosurveillance.org ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId 19471 ref The virus es that infect bacteria are called bacteriophage s phages for short and some of these can only infect a single strain of bacteria. These phages are used to identify different strains of bacteria within a single species. ref name pmid17582202 cite journal author Turbadkar SD, Ghadge DP, Patil S, Chowdhary AS, Bharadwaj R title Circulating phage type of Vibrio cholerae in Mumbai journal Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology volume 25 issue 2 pages 177 8 year 2007 month April pmid 17582202 doi url http www.ijmm.org article.asp?issn 0255 0857 year 2007 volume 25 issue 2 spage 177 epage 178 aulast Turbadkar ref References references Category Microbiology ... more details
In mathematics , weak convergence may refer to The weak convergence of random variables of a probability distribution . The Weak convergence of measures weak convergence of a sequence of probability measures. The weak convergence Hilbert space weak convergence of a sequence in a Hilbert space , or, more generally, convergence in weak topology in a Banach space or a topological vector space . mathdab ... more details
Weak verb may refer to light verb , or semantically weak verb , verb participating in complex predication that has little semantic content of its own, but provides through inflection some details on the event semantics, such as aspect, mood, or tense weak inflection , conjugation class opposed to strong inflection Germanic weak verb , weak inflection class in Germanic languages disambig br Verb gwan ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In computing , a weak symbol is a symbol definition in an object file or dynamic library that may be overridden by other symbol definitions, its value will be zero if no definition found by loader. Weak symbols are not mentioned by C or C language standards as such, inserting them into code is not portable. Some compilers can create a weak symbol with a special pragma pragma , code pragma weak code . However, the GNU Compiler Collection also supports a code attribute weak code syntax as in the example below. Example Example written for the GNU Compiler Collection Source of libfoo.so source lang c extern void foo void attribute weak void fun void if foo foo source weak test.c source lang c include < stdio.h> void fun void void foo void printf Hello n int main fun return 0 source Compile with gcc weak test.c o weak test lfoo External References http gcc.gnu.org ml gcc 1999 02n msg01219.html See also Link editor Program loader Dynamic linking Weak reference DEFAULTSORT Weak Symbol Compsci stub Category Data types Category Debugging ... more details
Weak emergence is a type of emergence in which the emergent property is reducible to its individual constituents. This is opposed to strong emergence , in which the emergent property is irreducible to its individual constituents. See also Emergence Strong and weak emergence External links http consc.net papers granada.html Emergence Category Emergence philo stub ... more details
Weak mindedness is the state of being easily impressionable or possessing a weak sense of self will, judgement or conviction. A weak minded individual s opinion may be easily swayed by propaganda or psychological manipulation emotional manipulation tactics, as they do not possess an adequate ability to judge or discern the quality of an assertion, or they may exhibit a lack of discipline . Weak mindedness can result from several factors, including but not limited to lack of education , lack of critical thinking skills, lack of interpersonal experience or understanding, or developmental disability. Category Figures of speech Category Cognition Category Critical thinking psych stub ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2007 Weak salts or weak electrolyte salts are, as the name suggests, composed of weak electrolyte s. They are generally more volatility chemistry volatile than strong salt s. They may be similar in odor to the acid or base chemistry base they are derived from. For example, sodium acetate , NaCH sub 3 sub COO, smells similar to acetic acid CH sub 3 sub COOH. Category Electrochemistry physical chemistry stub ... more details
About regular verbs regular verb weak verbs in Germanic languages Germanic weak verb semantically weak verbs light verb Unreferenced date December 2009 In grammar , the term weak originally coined in German ... feature in all the grammatical usages of the word weak is that it forms a polarity with strong there is not necessarily ... weak verb , Germanic strong verb This terminology seems to have been used first in relation to Germanic ... European ablaut ablaut the vocalic conjugations , weak those that need the addition of a dental suffix ... English. By extension, the terminology was also applied to Germanic nouns. Here too, the weak noun ... noun der Mann, des Mannes man . weak noun or n declension der Junge, des Jungen boy . Although the term weak noun is very useful in German grammar to describe this very small and distinctive group ... die M nner , but most do not. There are also strong and weak declensions of German adjectives . This differs ... the strong or the weak declension. As with the nouns, weak in this case means the declension in n . In this context, the terms strong and weak seem particularly appropriate, since the strong declension carries more information about case and gender, while the weak declension is used in situations ... Wein acc gut em Wein dat adjectives signal case with unambiguous inflections. weak der gut e Wein ... specificity. Other languages In other languages the strong weak polarity is used to express distinctions ... known as radicals. These can be strong able to carry a full syllable or weak likely to collapse under the weight of a prefix or suffix . Verbs with a weak radical are termed weak verbs, and form partially ... waw , and Nun letter nun are among those likely to make a verb weak. Regularity The terms weak and strong ... weak with irregular , but this is misleading. It is true that most English or German weak verbs ... as irregular verbs but there are also irregular weak verbs in English and German, and in Hebrew the weak ..., while the weak noun is usually taught as the anomalous form, though in fact it has its own regularity ... more details
In cryptography , a weak key is a key cryptography key , which, used with a specific cipher , makes the cipher behave in some undesirable way. Weak keys usually represent a very small fraction of the overall keyspace, which usually means that, if one generates a random key to encrypt a message, weak ... for a cipher to have no weak keys. A cipher with no weak keys is said to have a flat , or linear , key ... flaws that lead to a substantial number of weak keys being created. Some machines have more problems with weak keys than others, as modern block and stream ciphers do. The German Enigma machine ... Enigma cipher machine, in its 3 and 4 rotor implementations had the equivalent of weak keys. Certain ... also rotor machines had some of the same problems of weak keys as the more traditional rotor machines. The T52 was one such stream cipher machine that had weak key problems. The British first detected .... While the T52a b and T52c were cryptologically weak, the last two were more advanced devices the movement ... the keystream to a fixed point, which led to key reuse by undisciplined machine operators. Weak keys in DES The block cipher Data Encryption Standard DES has a few specific keys termed weak keys and semi weak keys . These are keys that cause the encryption mode of DES to act identically to the decryption ... DES rounds. DES weak keys produce sixteen identical subkeys. This occurs when the key bits are ref ... bits, the corresponding keys with the inverted parity bits may also work as weak keys all zeros 0x0000000000000000 all ones 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0xE1E1E1E1F0F0F0F0 0x1E1E1E1E0F0F0F0F Using weak ... the original plaintext. DES also has semi weak keys , which only produce two different subkeys, each ... and 0xFEE0FEE0FEF1FEF1 There are also 48 possibly weak keys that produce only four distinct ... Publication 800 67 , page 14 ref These weak and semiweak keys are not considered fatal flaws of DES ... four are weak and twelve are semiweak. This is such a tiny fraction of the possible keyspace ... more details
dablink This article discusses the weak topology on a normed vector space. For the weak topology induced by a family of maps see initial topology . For the weak topology generated by a cover of a space see coherent topology . In mathematics , weak topology is an alternative term for initial topology ... respectively, compact, etc. with respect to the weak topology. Likewise, functions are sometimes called ..., derivative differentiable , analytic function analytic , etc. with respect to the weak topology. The strong and weak topologies Let X be a topological vector space , then in particular X is a topological ... the strong topology on X . The weak topology on X is defined using the continuous dual space X ... R or C which are continuous function topology continuous with respect to the strong topology. The weak ... of X sup sup remain continuous. Explicitly, a subbase for the weak topology is the collection ... field R or C . In other words, a subset of X is open in the weak topology if and only if it can be written ... F , denoted by &sigma X , F , is sometimes also called the weak topology with respect to F . If F X is the continuous dual space of X , then the weak topology with respect to F coincides with the weak topology defined above. The weak topology &sigma X , F is induced by the family of seminorm s, math x f overset text def f x math for all f &isin F and x &isin X . In particular, weak topologies are locally convex space locally convex . In this formulation, the weak topology is the coarsest polar topology see weak topology polar topology for details. Specifically, if F is a vector space ... to the topology &sigma X , F is precisely equal to F harv Rudin 1991 loc Theorem 3.10 . Weak convergence selfref For further information, see Weak convergence Hilbert space The weak topology is characterized by the following condition a net mathematics net x sub &lambda sub in X converges in the weak ..., math x n rightharpoonup x. math Other properties If X is equipped with the weak topology, then addition ... more details
In computer programming , a weak reference is a Reference computer science reference that does not protect ... . An object referenced only by weak references is considered Unreachable memory unreachable or weakly reachable and so may be collected at any time. Weak references are used to avoid keeping memory ... feature or support various levels of weak references, such as Java programming language Java , C Sharp ... of a memory leak . Weak references may be used to solve the problem of circular references if the reference cycles are avoided by using weak references for some of the references within the group. Weak references are also used to minimize the number of unnecessary objects in memory by allowing ... Some languages have multiple levels of weak reference strength. For example, Java programming language Java has &mdash in order of decreasing strength &mdash soft reference soft , weak, and phantom ... weak references Understanding Weak References . http www.java.net about javanet java.net . published ... weak strong reference functionality as part of supporting garbage collection libraries. In the case of C , normal pointers are weak and smart pointer s are strong although pointers are not true weak references, as weak references are supposed to know when the object becomes unreachable . Examples Weak .... This list must have weak links to the objects. Otherwise, once objects are added to the list ... create a weak reference and then elsewhere in the code you can use code http java.sun.com j2se 1.4.2 docs api java lang ref Reference.html get get code to get the actual object, the weak reference ... blog 2006 05 04 understanding weak references Java Examples ref source lang java import ... Another use of weak references is in writing a cache . Using, for example, a weak hash map , one can store in the cache the various referred objects via a weak reference. When the garbage collector ... Example source lang lua weak table setmetatable , mode v weak table.item print weak table.item collectgarbage ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
