Orphan date February 2009 This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Colostethus wayuu image status VU status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Anura familia Dendrobatidae genus Colostethus species C. wayuu binomial Colostethus wayuu binomial authority Acosta, Cuentas & Coloma, 1999 synonyms Colostethus wayuu is a species of frog in the Dendrobatidae family. It is Endemism endemic to Colombia . Its natural habitat s are subtropical or tropical dry forest s, river s, and freshwater marsh es. Source Acosta Galvis, A. & Grant, T. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 55166 all Colostethus wayuu . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007. Dendrobatidae stub Category Colostethus Category Amphibians of Colombia de Allobates wayuu fr Allobates wayuu vi Colostethus wayuu ... more details
ref Less than 1 of Wayuu speakers are literate in Wayuu while 5 to 15 are literate in Spanish. There are 105,000 ..., Goajiro . Recent developments On December 2011 , the Wayuu Tay Foundation and Microsoft presented the first ever dictionary of technology terms in the wayuu language ref http universotek.com 2011 12 05 fundacin wayuu tay y microsoft venezuela presentan diccionario de computacin en wayuunaiki Fundaci n Wayuu Tay y Microsoft Venezuela presentan Diccionario de Computaci n en Wayuunaiki es ref , after ... guc Entry for Wayuu at Rosetta Project http hospitalnazareth.com cultura wayuu idioma idioma.html ... Wayuu Language Category Arawakan languages Category Indigenous languages of the South American ... way u eo Vajua lingvo fr Wayuu langue gv Wayuu hengey pms Lenga wayuu pt L ngua wayuu qu Wayuw simi ... more details
Infobox ethnic group image Image Mujer Wayuu.png center 150px group Wayuu poptime approx. 293,777 in Venezuela ... br COL and VEN langs Wayuu language rels Traditional related Arawakan languages Arawak group Wayuu ... Colombia and Venezuela . The Wayuu inhabit the arid La Guajira Desert La Guajira Peninsula straddling ... rebellion Image Map of La Guajira 1769.png thumb left 250px Map of La Guajira in 1769 The Wayuu ... had regained much territory. ref name banrep.gov.co Evangelization process Image Wayuu on horses 1928.png thumb right 250px Wayuu riding on horses. 1928 The process of evangelization of the Wayuu ... Atanasio Vicente Soler y Royo in an attempt to civilize the Wayuu people. ref name lablaa.org http ... mission and the Wayuu Culture ref The friars then created the orphanages for Wayuu children ... visited the settlements inviting to attend mass. Wayuu children in the orphanage were educated with traditional European customs. Conflicts between the Wayuu people and the Colombian government decreased ... lablaa.org Demographics According to a 1997 census in Colombia, the Wayuu population numbered approximately ... of the Department of La Guajira . The Wayuu occupy a total area of convert 4171 sqmi km2 within approximately ..., according to the 2001 census, with some 60,000 living in the city of Maracaibo. This makes the Wayuu the largest indigenous group in Venezuela, representing 57.5 of the Amerindian population. Wayuu ..., once the rainy season begins, these Wayuu tend to return to their homes on the Colombia n side. Wayuu people refer to themselves simply as Wayuu and do not acknowledge the term Indian, instead ... of Europe an ancestry. Clans Image Chinchorro wayuu en choza.png thumb right 250px Wayuu improvised hutch to hang hammocks Families in the Wayuu culture are divided into clans, some of these are ref ... Atuairuku Nurturing Language The Wayuu language , called wayuunaiki , is part of the Arawakan languages .... Their central figure is Mareiwa , god creator of the Wayuu and founder of society. Pulowi and Juya ... more details
The Festival of the Wayuu Culture lang es Festival de la Cultura Wayuu is a festival in Colombia , celebrated in the town of Uribia, La Guajira Uribia , Department of La Guajira . It takes place from May 31 through June 2 of every year. ref http www.sinic.gov.co SINIC ColombiaCultural ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID 3&SECID 8&IdDep 44&COLTEM 215 es icon National System for Cultural Information Festival of the Wayuu Culture ref It is considered the main cultural event in the Department of La Guajira and of great importance for the Wayuu ethnic group, which also travels from the Venezuela n state of Zulia . The purpose of the festival is to promote the expressions, socialization and interaction of the Wayuu culture. ref http www.sinic.gov.co SINIC ColombiaCultural ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID 3&SECID 8&IdDep 44&COLTEM 215 es icon National System for Cultural Information Festival of the Wayuu Culture ref See also Festivals in Colombia References reflist coord missing Colombia Category Festivals in La Guajira Colombia stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Huya in Wayuu language Wayuu Juy , pronounced IPA xx hu ja the name of the rain god of the Wayuu people of Venezuela and Colombia . The plutino 38628 Huya is named after this figure. Category Indigenous peoples in Venezuela Category Indigenous peoples in Colombia SouthAm myth stub ... more details
Huya is the rain god of the Wayuu people of Venezuela and Colombia. Huya may refer to Huya Noble , noble during the reign of Akhenaten, Egypt 18th dynasty. Owner of Amarna tomb 1 HUYA Bioscience International LLC, United States biotech firm founded by Mireille Gingras Disambig ... more details
Wiktionary pipe Huya Huya may refer to Huya mythology , the Wayuu rain god 38628 Huya , a plutino and dwarf planet candidate discovered in 2000 Huya Noble , an Egyptian official during the Amarna Period See also HUYA Bioscience International, a biotech consulting firm founded by Mireille Gingras disambig ... more details
Guajira may refer to Department of La Guajira , a department of Colombia which includes most of the Guajira Peninsula La Guajira Desert , a desert which covers most of the Guajira Peninsula Guajira Peninsula , a peninsula in the northernmost part of South America shared by Colombia and Venezuela Wayuu Guajiro People , Wayuu a South American ethnic group inhabiting northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela Guajira Cuban slang , a Spanish language denonym signifying a female from the Cuban countryside guajiro male Guajira music , a style of Cuban music, song or dance Guajira , Colombian telenovela disambig es Guajira gd La Guajira ka pl Guajira pt Guajira ru ... more details
The official language of Colombia is Spanish language Spanish , of which Colombian Spanish is the local variety. The indigenous languages spoken in Colombia are also official in the territories in which they are spoken. ref name constitution http pdba.georgetown.edu Constitutions Colombia col91.html Constitution of Colombia, 1991 Article 10 es icon ref Sign Languages Colombian Sign Language Providence Island Sign Language Colombian numerals Indigenous languages The many languages of the country s ethnic groups are constitutionally recognized as official languages in their territories. In places with non Spanish linguistic traditions, bilingual education is obligatory. More than 60 Indigenous peoples aboriginal languages exist today. Among others Bora language Bora Cocama Cocamilla Cocoma language Cocoma Cof n language Cof n Cuiba language Cuiba Guahibo language Guahibo Guayabero language Guayabero Kuna language Kuna Macagu n language Macagu n Minica Huitoto Murui Huitoto Paezan languages Playero language Playero P ez language P ez San Andr s Providencia Creole Ticuna language Ticuna Uw Cuwa Wayuu language Wayuu References reflist Colombia topics state collapsed South America in topic Languages of DEFAULTSORT Languages Of Colombia Category Languages of Colombia bn br Yezho Kolombia es Lenguas de Colombia ... more details
Mayabangloma Indigenous Reserve lang es Resguardo Ind gena de Mayabangloma is an indigenous reserve in the municipality of Fonseca, La Guajira Fonseca , Department of La Guajira in northern Colombia . The reserve is formed by the veredas Mayalita, Banga ita, La Gloria and La Loma, occupying a farm called El Porvenir formed by Resolution 046 of November 19, 1994 . The reserve is inhabited by ethnic groups pertaining to the Wayuu people and covers approximately some 3.8 km . ref http fonseca guajira.gov.co apc aa files 62613232343862363735333365653231 PLAN DE DESARROLLO 2004 2007 FONSECA.pdf es icon Fonseca Development Plan 2004 Indigenous development ref According to a census in 2003 the population of the reserve was of approximately 1,252 inhabitants in 286 families. The base of these indigenous families is mostly based on clans, extensive families or nucleic families. Family consanguinity is considered matrilineal. ref http fonseca guajira.gov.co apc aa files 62613232343862363735333365653231 PLAN DE DESARROLLO 2004 2007 FONSECA.pdf es icon Fonseca Development Plan 2004 Indigenous development ref See also Wayuu Indigenous peoples in Colombia References reflist coord missing Colombia Category Indigenous reserves in Colombia Guajira geo stub ... more details
Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Holmer, Nils ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1904 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1994 PLACE OF DEATH Nils Holmer 1904 1994 was a Sweden Swedish linguist who carried out significant fieldwork into the Scottish Gaelic , in particular the southern dialects of Kintyre , Isle of Arran Arran and Argyll and published several key books and articles on the topic. ref name Chelliah Chelliah, S. and de Reuse, Willem The History of Linguistic Fieldwork 2011 Springer ISBN 978 9048190256 ref He was professor for linguistics at the Lund University between 1949 1969 and is renowned to be the only Swede to have ever published three articles in the magazine Language magazine Language . ref Sigurd, Bengt Svensk spr kforskning under 1900 talet Link ping Electronic Conference Proceedings ref Unusually, he carried out fieldwork across a wide range of languages across several continents, including Irish language Irish , Basque language Basque , Siouan languages , Algonquian languages , Iroquoian languages , the Central American language Kuna language Kuna and the South American language of Choco languages Choco and Wayuu language Wayuu and Australian Aboriginal languages . ref name Chelliah References reflist Category Scottish Gaelic language Category Linguistics linguist stub gd Nils Holmer ... more details
The following is a list of festivals or celebrations in the Colombia n Department of La Guajira . Cradle of Accordions Festival Festival of the Laurels Festival of the Wayuu Culture Festival y Reinado Nacional del Carb n Festivities of Our Lady of the Remedies National Festival of the Dividivi See also Festivals in Colombia External links http www.sinic.gov.co SINIC ColombiaCultural ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID 3&SECID 8&IdDep 44&COLTEM 215 es icon National System for Cultural Information Festivals in La Guajira Category Festivals in La Guajira Category Colombia related lists Festivals ... more details
Infobox language family name Ta Arawakan altname Caribbean region Circum Caribbean familycolor American fam1 Maipurean languages Arawakan fam2 Northern fam3 Caribbean child1 I eri child2 Ta Arawakan proper sil 228 16 The Ta Arawakan languages, sc aka Ta Maipurean and Caribbean , are the indigenous languages of the Caribbean Sea parts of northern South America. They are distinguished by the use of ta rather than common Maipurean Arawakan na for the pronoun I . Languages Kaufman 1994 gives the following breakdown Taino language Ta no Guajiro sc aka Wahiro Wayuu language Wayuu sc aka Guajiro, Wahiro Paraujano language Paraujano sc aka Parauhano Arawak language Araw k sc aka Lokono I eri sc aka Inyeri Kalh phona language Kalh phona sc aka Island Carib Garifuna language Gar funa sc aka Black Carib Aikhenvald adds Shebayo language Shebayo , which Kaufman had left unclassified, and removes I eri from Ta Arawakan proper Caribbean Arawakan I eri sc aka Inyeri Kalh phona language Kalh phona sc aka Island Carib Garifuna language Gar funa sc aka Black Carib Ta Arawakan Taino language Taino Wayuu language Wayyu sc aka Guajiro Paraujano language Parauhano sc aka A un Arawak language Arawak sc aka Lokono Shebayo language Shebayo Caquetio language Caquetio Category Arawakan languages ... more details
es icon todacolombia.com La Guajira ref History Evangelization The process of evangelization s of the Wayuu ... Atanasio Vicente Soler y Royo in an attempt to civilize the Wayuu people. ref name lablaa.org http ... mission and the Wayuu Culture ref The friars the created the orphanages for Wayuu children ... visited the settlements inviting to attend mass. Wayuu children in the orphanage were educated with traditional European customs. Conflicts between the Wayuu people and the Colombian government decreased ... was named Chitki in Wayuu language . The main plaza was crated and named after Francisco de Paula ... inhabited by indigenous peoples pertaining to the Wayuu ethnic group. Cultural activities are directly related to them. The town celebrates the Festival of the Wayuu Culture from May 31 to June ... 8&IdDep 44&COLTEM 215 es icon National System for Cultural Information Festival of the Wayuu Culture ... more details
The Coal National festival and Pageant lang es Festival y Reinado Nacional del Carb n is a festival in Colombia that takes place in the town of Barrancas, La Guajira Barrancas , Department of La Guajira from October 10 to the 13. The festival is an artistic and cultural event which celebrates de municipalities Roman Catholic devotion to the Virgin of Pilar , there are art expositions showing different coal sculptures and paintings as well as local gastronomy events. There also cultural expositions showing the arts and crafts of the Wayuu indigenous ethnic group. ref http www.sinic.gov.co SINIC ColombiaCultural ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID 3&SECID 8&IdDep 44&COLTEM 215 es icon National System for Cultural Information Festival y Reinado Nacional del Carb n ref See also Festivals in Colombia Festivals in La Guajira References reflist coord missing Colombia Category Festivals in La Guajira Colombia stub ... more details
Cleanup university date August 2009 Infobox university name University of La Guajira image size 130px native name lang es Universidad de La Guajira br Wayuu language Wayuu Shikii Ekirajia Pulee Wajira image name motto established February 1977 type Public university Public , Department administrative division Department al endowment rector Carlos Arturo Robles Julio staff students undergrad postgrad doctoral city Riohacha state Department of La Guajira La Guajira country Colombia campus free label free nickname Uniguajira mascot website http www.uniguajira.edu.co logo footnotes The University of La Guajira lang es Universidad de La Guajira , Wayuu language Wayuu Shikii Ekirajia Pulee Wajira , also known as Uniguajira , is a public university public , department administrative division department al, coeducation al, university based primarily in the city of Riohacha , Department of La Guajira La Guajira , Colombia . The university was established by ordinance No. 011 and 012 of 1976, by the Department Assembly of La Guajira Departmental Assembly , and began its labor in February 1977. ref cite web url http www.mineducacion.gov.co 1621 article 93321.html title Ministerio de Educaci n Nacional Universidad de la Guajira work accessdate 2009 03 22 language Spanish ref Its main campus, known as the University Citadel lang es Ciudadela Universitaria , is located in the outskirts of the city, and it hosts the faculties of Basic Sciences, Economic and Administrative Sciences, Education Sciences, Engineering, and Social and Humanity Sciences. The university also counts with several satellite campus es across the department in the cities of Albania, La Guajira Albania , Fonseca, La Guajira Fonseca , Maicao , Manaure, La Guajira Manaure , and Villanueva, La Guajira Villanueva , and one campus in the department of C rdoba Department C rdoba in the city of Monter a . ref cite web url http www.uniguajira.edu.co unigua hermesoft portal home 1 htm cont0.jsp?rec not 1368.jsp title Un ... more details
Infobox terrorist attack title Bah a Portete massacre image caption location Bah a Portete municipality of Uribia , Department of La Guajira La Guajira br Colombia target Wayuu family date April 16, 2004 time timezone type shooting , mass murder , Wiktionary massacre massacre fatalities 12 injuries perps Wayuu Counter Insurgency Bloc of the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia AUC weapons small arms The Bah a Portete massacre lang es Masacre de Bahia Portete was a Wiktionary massacre massacre in the Colombia n town of Bah a Portete municipality of Uribia , in the Department of La Guajira on April 16, 2004. It was perpetrated by paramilitary groups of the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia AUC Wayuu Counter Insurgency Bloc led by alias Jorge 40 killing 12 people and the disappearance of one. Some 600 people were displaced against their will and took refuge in neighboring Venezuela . ref name onic.org.co http www.onic.org.co actualidad.shtml?x 2174 es icon ONIC Bahia Portete Massacre ref Jorge 40 s men, alias Pablo and Chema Bola shot the indigenous group in Bahia Portete after receiving reports that these were kidnapping and robbing in the region. Five member of the Fince Epinay family were assassinated, accused of kidnapping a Lebanese people Lebanese immigrant. ref name onic.org.co The Spanish newspaper El Mundo Spain El Mundo reported in 2004 that the motives were rivalries, aroused between paramilitary factions between Jorge 40 and another paramilitary commander known as Chema Balas for the control of the port of Bah a Portete . Calculated the death of 30 members of the Wayuu executed, 60 disappeared and some 250 forcedly displaced into Venezuela. ref http www.elmundo.es elmundo 2004 05 25 solidaridad 1085476285.html es icon elmundo.es ACNUR denuncia que cientos de ind genas colombianos se ven desplazados por los paramilitares ref Paramilitaries pertaining to the AUC demobilized in 2006, but new drug trafficking organizations arose, such as the Aguilas Neg ... more details
This article is about the language spoken in Nepal for the language of South America, see Wayuu language . Infobox language name Wayu region Janakpur Zone , Nepal speakers 1,740 date 2001 date census familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Mahakiranti languages Mahakiranti fam4 Kiranti languages Kiranti fam5 Western fam6 Sunwari iso3 vay Wayu , Vayu , or Hayu is a language spoken by about 1740 people in the Janakpur Zone of Nepal . According to Van Driem 2001 , Shafer mistakenly classified Wayu as a Chepang language , and this has carried through to Ethnologue. References George van Driem 2001 Languages of the Himalayas An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill. External links http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code vay Ethnologue report about Wayu Category Kiranti languages Category Languages of Nepal Category Subject object verb languages st lang stub ... more details
is Riohacha . Various indigenous tribes populated the vast arid plains, such as the Wayuu , Guajiros ... predominantly during the Pre Colombian era by indigenous tribes pertaining mostly to the Wayuu ... Angel Arango Library LOS APAALANCHI UNA VISI N DEL MAR ENTRE LOS WAYUU ref These groups coexisted ... peoples, predominantly the Wayuu. It was until the 18th century that the Spanish monarchy ordered capitulations ... left 250px Map of La Guajira in 1769. The Wayuu had never been subjugated by the Spanish. The two groups ... name ReferenceB The Evangelization of the Indigenous Peoples Image Wayuu on horses 1928.png thumb left 200px Wayuu riding on horses. 1928. The process of evangelizing the Wayuu people restarted in 1887 ... Royo attempted to civilize the Wayuu people. ref name lablaa.org http www.lablaa.org blaavirtual modosycostumbres gumv gumv07.htm es icon Luis Angel Arango Library The Capuchins Mission and the Wayuu ... bow weapon bow and arrow . 1928. The Capuchin Friars began building orphanages for Wayuu children .... The friars frequently visited the settlements, inviting the people to attend mass. Wayuu children in the orphanages were educated with traditional European customs. Conflicts between the Wayuu ... Venezuela. The influence in the northern Guajira was disputed with the indigenous Wayuu who since ... paramilitary groups set in La Guajira, mainly the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia AUC and the Wayuu ... of the Wayuu were executed, 60 disappeared and some 250 forcedly displaced into Venezuela. ref ... robinson wayuu by Franklin Reyes.png thumb left 200px Members of the Wayuu ethnic group in Venezuela ... and Wayuu primarily 7.5 of Afro Colombian descent, while the remaining 47,6 of the population did not consider ... populations are those in which the Wayuu people are present Uribia 95.9 , Manaure 88.2 , and Maicao ... been mostly influenced by the traditions of the Wayuu culture, European culture, mainly through Roman ... para la armonizaci n intercultural ref There is also a great influence from Venezuela, as the Wayuu ... more details
about a Colombian landform the Costa Rican cape Cabo Velas in Santa Cruz de Guanacaste Canton Nicoya Peninsula coord 12 12 27 N 72 10 22 W display title File CABO DE LA VELA.JPG thumb right 150px Cabo de la Vela. West view Cabo de la Vela Spanish for cape of sail s is a headland in the Guajira Peninsula in Colombia with an adjacent small fishing village. It is a popular ecotourism destination of the Caribbean Region of Colombia History The cape was discovered by the Spanish explorer Juan de la Cosa in 1499 during his fourth travel as pilot for the expedition of Alonso de Ojeda , making this place, together with the Gulf of Paria the first places ever visited by the Europeans on South American mainland. Its name derives from the first view of the cape from the sea, when the pale colors of the promontories and their curvaceous forms emerging from the flat desert, suggested vaguely to the Spanish the shape of a sailboat . ref catholic ref File Cabo de la Vela.JPG thumb right 150px Cabo de la Vela. South view File Mujer Wayuu.png thumb right 150px Wayuu woman. The foundation of the first settlements in the area was made by Nikolaus Federmann who founded a village near the Cabo de la Vela with the name Nuestra Se ora Santa Mar a de los Remedios del Cabo de la Vela in 1535, the first settlement in La Guajira. Pearl deposits led to constant attacks from the indigenous Wayuu and other Spanish conquerors from the neighboring Government of Santa Marta and New Andalusia Province , and the village was moved to present day Riohacha in 1544 and refounded by Nikolaus Federmann . ref http www.lablaa.org blaavirtual ayudadetareas geografia geo75.htm Luis Angel Arango Library History of La Guajira ref ref http www.lablaa.org blaavirtual ayudadetareas geografia geo75.htm es icon LABLAA La Guajira History ref The aboriginal inhabitants of the area were an ethnic group of Arawak peoples Arawak s, which remained free, defeating the Spanish Conquest . Their descendants, the Wayuu people, ... more details
Infobox IPA ipa number 181 decimal 634 ipa image Xsampa lslash.png xsampa l kirshenbaum nowiki nowiki < lat> The alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonant al sound, used in some spoken language s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is IPA , a fusion of a rotated lowercase letter r with a letter l . Some languages which are described as having a lateral flap, such as Japanese language Japanese , actually have a flap which is indeterminant as to centrality, and may surface as either central or lateral, either depending on surrounding vowels or in free variation. Features Features of the alveolar lateral flap flap alveolar voiced oral lateral pulmonic Occurrence class wikitable colspan 2 Language Word International Phonetic Alphabet IPA Meaning Notes colspan 2 align center Iwaidja language Iwaidja colspan 2 align center IPA example needed align center colspan 2 align center Japanese language Japanese ref Harvcoltxt Okada 1991 p 95 ref align center lang ja Hrkt kana Romanization of Japanese r men align center Audio IPA ramen.ogg a me align center ramen See Japanese phonology colspan 2 align center Wayuu language Wayuu align center lang guc latin alphabet p l k align center IPA p k align center pig Contrasts with IPA r See also List of phonetics topics References reflist Bibliography Citation last Okada first Hideo year 1991 title Japanese journal Journal of the International Phonetic Association volume 21 issue 2 pages 94 97 IPA navigation LetterR Category Alveolar consonants als Alveolarer lateraler Flap br Kensonenn kevig a gostez dre stlakat de Stimmhafter lateraler alveolarer Flap fr Consonne battue lat rale alv olaire vois e it Monovibrante alveolare laterale ms Tamparan sisian gusi nl Alveolaire laterale flap ja sv Alveolar lateral flapp uk ... more details
Bolivarian Missions Mission Robinson launched in July 2003 is one of the Bolivarian Missions a series of anti poverty and social welfare programs implemented by the current Venezuela n president Hugo Ch vez . The name Robinson was given to the Mission in remembrance of the pseudonym adopted during his exile from Spanish America by Venezuelan philosopher and educator Sim n Rodr guez 1769 1854 . Deleted image removed Image Mision robinson1.jpg left 100px Deleted image removed Image Mision robinson2.jpg left 100px The program uses volunteers to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic to the more than 1.5 million Venezuelan adults who were illiterate prior to Ch vez s election to the presidency in 1999. The program is military civilian in nature, and sends soldiers to, among other places, remote and dangerous locales in order to reach the most undereducated, neglected, and marginalized adult citizens to give them regular schooling and lessons. On the first anniversary of Mission Robinson s establishment, and to an audience of 50,000 formerly illiterate Venezuelans, Hugo Ch vez Fr as stated in the Teresa Carre o theater in Caracas that it was truly a world record, in a year we have graduated 1,250,000 Venezuelans . ref unesco On 28 October 2005, Venezuela declared itself a Territory Free of Illiteracy , having raised the literacy rate to 99 according to initial government statements by graduating 1.4m Venezuelans from the Mission. The standard for a country to be considered free of illiteracy being 95 . http ist socrates.berkeley.edu border list articles OPT Nov10 VenezuelaDidIt.html Image Mision robinson wayuu by Franklin Reyes.png thumb right 200px Mission Robinson of the Hugo Chavez government in Venezuela promoting the education of the Wayuu Previous reports had claimed that the eradication of illiteracy had been UNESCO verified. In October 2006, Venezuelan Education Minister Arist bulo Ist riz clarified that Venezuela had not received a UNESCO certification because t ... more details
Image Guajirapeninsula1.png thumb 250px The Guajira Peninsula satellital view. The Guajira Barranquilla xeric scrub is a deserts and xeric shrublands xeric shrubland ecoregion in Colombia , covering an estimated area of 150.000 km2. Setting Image Rancher a Way u.JPG thumb left A wayuu rancheria. The wayuu people are the native inhabitants of the Guajira xeric scrub The ecoregion occupies the Guajira Peninsula , the valley of Rancheria river and Guajira Department , covering parts of the northeastern coast of Venezuela . The valleys lie in the rain shadow of the surrounding mountain range of Serran a de Macuira Macuira that reaches 900 m over sea level that trap some of the Trade winds and cause mist . An important touristic destination in the area is Cabo de la Vela Flora Image Dividivi on aruba.jpg thumb Divi divi Caesalpinia coriaria Most of the Macuira mountain range is a protected area called National Natural Park of Macuira . Nearby there is also the 80 km Flamingos Fauna and Flora Sanctuary , which is a center of plant diversity, with over 2700 species, of which approximately 30 are endemic ecology endemic . It is a center of diversity for species of Divi divi , Hechtia , Salvia , and cactus . Fauna Image Lightmatter flamingo2.jpg thumb Caribbean Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber The ecoregion is notable for being the habitat of a large community of Caribbean Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber , besides a diversity of birds and bats. References and external links es icon Martha Ligia Castellanos, Luis Carlos Pardo L. 2000. Caracterizaci n y primera aproximaci n a la determinaci n del ndice de biodiversidad en los suelos de la cuenca del arroyo Mekijanao, Serran a de la Macuira, Alta Guajira. En Juan Carlos P rez editor X Congreso Nacional de la Ciencia del Suelo. Programa y res menes. El suelo un componente del medio natural. Medell n, Octubre 11 al 13 de 2000 es icon Edith Gonz lez, Gabriel Guillot, N stor Miranda, Diana Pombo editores . 1990. Perfil Ambiental d ... more details
italic title taxobox name Peruvian Apple Cactus image Cereus peruvians.jpg image2 Cereus repandus.jpg image2 caption Drawing of flowering stem regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Core eudicots ordo Caryophyllales familia Cactaceae subfamilia Cactoideae tribus Cereeae genus Cereus species C. repandus binomial Cereus repandus binomial authority Adrian Hardy Haworth Haw. Verify source date March 2008 synonyms Cereus peruvianus The Peruvian Apple Cactus , Cereus repandus , is a large, erect, thorny columnar cactus found in South America as well as the nearby ABC Islands of the Dutch Caribbean . It is also known as Giant Club Cactus , Hedge Cactus , cadushi , in Wayuu language Wayuunaiki ref name villalobosetal2007 Villalobos et al. 2007 ref and kayush . With an often tree like appearance, the Peruvian Apple Cactus cylindrical gray green to blue stems can reach 10 metres 33 ft in height and 10 20 cm in diameter. The nocturnal flower s remain open for only one night. The fruit s, known locally as pitaya or Peruvian Apple, are thornless and vary in skin colour from violet red to yellow. The edible flesh is white and contains small, edible, crunchy seeds. The flesh sweetens as the fruit opens out fully. Cereus repandus is an unresearched, under utilized cactus, grown mostly as an ornamental plant. As noted above, it has some local culinary importance. The Wayuu from the La Guajira Peninsula of Colombia and Venezuela also use the inner cane like wood of the plant in wattle and daub construction ref name villalobosetal2007 . br clear left Images gallery Image 042cperuvianus.jpg Small cuttings of Cereus peruvianus Image 033cperuvianus.jpg Cereus peruvianus seedling progression Image 037cperuvianus.jpg Cereus peruvianus cutting Image 044cperuvianus monstrose.JPG Cereus peruvianus var. monstrose large and dwarf varieties Image Pitaya in Israel.jpg Cereus repandus Pitaya plants in Sde Nitzan Israel gallery Footnotes Reflist Referen ... more details
website br http www.alcaldiademaicao.gov.co www.alcaldiademaicao.gov.co footnotes sup sup Maicao Wayuu ... of Magdalena in the middle of the Wayuu people territory. ref name Maicao History http ... of contraband present in the Guajira peninsula. Etymology The name of Maicao comes from the Wayuu .... The average temperature throughout the year is of 29 C. History Maicao was inhabited by the Wayuu people prior to the arrival of the Spanish people Spanish . The Wayuu gave one of the strongest ... of Magdalena in the middle of the Wayuu people territory. ref name Maicao History The indigenous Wayuu managed contraband trading routes through Maicao arriving from Aruba & Cura ao , Venezuela ... more details
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