, as with watermoleculewater H sub 2 sub O . Atoms and complexes connected by non covalent bonds ... and 2D geometric model 2D right representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane A molecule IPAc ... bond covalent chemical bond s. ref name iupac GoldBookRef title molecule url http goldbook.iupac.org ... molecule is often used less strictly and applied to polyatomic ion s. In the kinetic theory of gas es, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition ... first Sulekh publisher New Age Publishers isbn 8122415121 ref A molecule may consist of atoms ... EBchecked topic 388236 moleculeMolecule , Encyclopaedia Britannica on line ref Molecules .... Also, no typical molecule can be defined for ionic crystals salt chemistry salts and covalent ... bonds without presence of any definable molecule, but also without any of the regularity of repeating ..., however, this distinction is vague. In molecular sciences, a molecule consists of a stable ... of as electrically charged molecules. The term unstable molecule is used for very reactivity chemistry ... nucleus nuclei , such as radical chemistry radicals , molecular ion s, Rydberg molecule s, transition ... Einstein condensate History and etymology Main History of the molecule According to Merriam Webster and the Online Etymology Dictionary , the word molecule derives from the Latin Mole unit moles or small unit of mass. Molecule 1794 extremely minute particle, from Fr. mol cule 1678 , from Mod.L. ... of the molecule has evolved as knowledge of the structure of molecules has increased. Earlier definitions .... ref http antoine.frostburg.edu chem senese 101 glossary m.shtml moleculeMolecule Definition Frostburg ... molecule is the diatomic hydrogen H sub 2 sub , with a bond length of 0.74 ngstr m . ref cite ... molecule s and even the outlines of individual atoms may be traced in some circumstances by use of an atomic ... Effective molecular radius is the size a molecule displays in solution. ref cite journal author ... more details
Image Libration.gif thumb A diatomic molecule experiencing libration. Libration from the Latin verb librare to balance, to sway confer cf. Ancient Roman units of measurement libra scales is a type of reciprocating motion in which an object with a nearly fixed orientation repeatedly rotation rotates slightly back and forth. In physics and chemistry , a molecule or other group of atoms can undergo libration if it is subject to external forces or constraints that restrict its orientation. For example, in liquid water , any given watermolecule is hydrogen bond attracted to neighboring molecules, so that it has a preferred orientation and cannot freely rotate. Of course, over time, the neighboring molecules move around and the preferred orientation changes. However, it can undergo librational motions, which are measureable in an infrared spectrum infrared absorption spectrum ref For example Structure of Aqueous Solutions Infrared Spectra of the Water Librational Mode in Solutions of Monovalent Halides, David W. James and Richard F. Armishaw, http www.publish.csiro.au ?act view file&file id CH9751179.pdf Aust. J. Chem., 1975,28, 1179 86 ref and contribute to motional narrowing of other peaks, for instance the OH stretch. Another example is a molecular crystal Each molecular unit has a preferred orientation due to interactions with the nearby molecules, but they have librational modes corresponding to small rotations about this preferred orientation. ref For example Librational Motion in Diatomic Molecular Crystals, Hideaki Chihara and Takako Shinoda, http dx.doi.org 10.1143 JPSJ.17.1395 weblink ref References Reflist Category Physical chemistry Category Molecular vibration Category Infrared spectroscopy chemistry stub ... more details
diatomic molecules. Image Nitrogen 3D vdW.png thumb 150px A space filling model of the diatomic molecule ... sub is, in fact, the most abundant diatomic molecule seen in nature. The interstellar medium is, indeed ... cracking elemental phosphorus gives diphosphorus . If a diatomic molecule consists of two atoms of the same element, such as H sub 2 sub and O sub 2 sub , then it is said to be Homonuclear molecule homonuclear , but otherwise it is Heteronuclear molecule heteronuclear , such as with CO or NO. The bond in a homonuclear diatomic molecule is non polar and Covalent bond covalent . In most diatomic ... Diatomic elements played an important role in the elucidation of the concepts of element, atom, and molecule ... with respect to one another. For example, Dalton assumed that water s formula was HO, giving the atomic .... As early as 1805, Gay Lussac and von Humboldt showed that water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen ... of water s composition, based on what is now called Avogadro s law and the assumption of diatomic ... molecule as two point masses the two atoms connected by a massless spring. The energies involved in the various motions of the molecule can then be broken down into three categories. The translational ... energy of the molecule is simply given by the kinetic energy expression math E trans frac 1 2 mv 2 math where m is the mass of the molecule and v is its velocity. Rotational energies Classically ... momentum math I , math is the moment of inertia of the molecule For microscopic, atomic level systems like a molecule, angular momentum can only have specific discrete values given by math L 2 l ... . Also, for a diatomic molecule the moment of inertia is math I mu r 0 2 , math where math mu , math is the reduced mass of the molecule and math r 0 , math is the average distance between the two atoms in the molecule. So, substituting the angular momentum and moment of inertia into E sub rot sub , the rotational energy levels of a diatomic molecule are given by math style E rot frac l l 1 hbar ... more details
Heteronuclear molecules , or heteronuclear species , are molecule s composed of more than one type of Chemical element element . See also Homonuclear molecule Category Molecules Category Chemical element groups chemistry stub ... more details
Notability date June 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Molecule is a brand of fabric care products manufactured by Molecule Labs in Benicia, California. Molecule Technical Fabric Care System is designed to clean, protect, and refresh Nomex and other technical fabrics. Nomex is a flame resistant material used where protection from heat and fire is required. Molecule is sold internationally in the motor sports industry as a care system for racing suits. The product line includes Molecule Protector, Molecule Wash, Molecule Spot Cleaner, and Molecule Refresher. Molecule Protector is a fluorine based spray that protects technical fabric from absorbing fuel and other flammable liquids. The product is applied to the exterior of flame resistant clothing to create a protective coating. Because fluorine is a relatively small molecule, it creates a very thin coating that allows the fabric to breathe. Molecule Wash cleans technical fabric in standard washing machines. Molecule Spot Cleaner is a pre wash concentrate for deep stains. The products differ from common laundry detergents because they do not contain fabric softeners or other additives that can attract moisture, oils, and flammable stains. Molecule Refresher is a spray that contains an antimicrobial agent to inhibit the growth of bacterial odors. Auto racing professionals such as drivers and pit crews apply the product to the inside of flame resistant racing suits between washings. The antimicrobial agent in Molecule Refresher is also an ingredient in Molecule Wash. Molecule was first introduced in 2006 as the only fabric care system specifically formulated for Nomex and other technical fabrics. See also Nomex Fluorine Antimicrobial External links Official website http www.moleculelabs.com Category Protective gear ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 A mesonic molecule is a set of two or more meson s bound together by the strong force . Unlike atomic nucleus baryonic molecules , which form the nuclei of all elements in nature save Hydrogen atom hydrogen 1 , a mesonic molecule has yet to be definitively observed. The X 3872 discovered in 2003 and the Z 4430 discovered in 2007 by the Belle experiment are the best candidates for such an observation. See also Meson Particles DEFAULTSORT Mesonik Molecule Category Particle physics Category Subatomic particles Category Hypothetical composite particles Particle stub ca Mol cula mes nica it Molecola mesonica ja pt Mol cula mes nica ... more details
Infobox company company name Media Molecule company logo File Media Molecule Logo.png 256px caption company type Subsidiary of Sony Computer Entertainment foundation 4 January 2006 location Guildford , Surrey , United Kingdom key people Mark Healey br Alex Evans video game developer Alex Evans br David ... 40 ref cite web url http blog.eu.playstation.com 2010 03 02 media molecule officially joins the playstation ... Molecule Officially Joins The PlayStation Family accessdate 2011 01 27 ref parent Sony Computer Entertainment homepage http www.mediamolecule.com Media Molecule is a Great Britain British video game developer ..., and Kareem Ettouney. ref cite web url http mediamolecule.com Sep06Media Molecule.pdf title Media Molecule ... 21 publisher Media Molecule pages doi archiveurl archivedate quote ref Before starting the company ...?story 11653 title Q&A The Organic Chemistry Of Media Molecule accessdate 2007 12 14 last Boyer first ... 2009 1 20Jan Media Molecule 62 6.html title Media Molecule publisher Director.co.uk date accessdate ..., says Evans. Media Molecule won the Studio of the Year award at the Spike Video Game Awards 2008 .... Media Molecule also worked with SCE Studio Cambridge in the development of LittleBigPlanet PSP LittleBigPlanet ... SCE announced that it had acquired Media Molecule. ref cite web url http www.mediamolecule.com ... Computer Entertainment Acquires Media Molecule Studios accessdate 2011 01 27 last first date 2010 ... in conjunction with Media Molecule. ref cite web url http kotaku.com 5159408 littlebigplanet rock ... with Media Molecule. LittleBigPlanet 2 style text align center 2011 PlayStation 3 ... media molecule ltd Media Molecule company profile from MobyGames Sony Corp Sony Computer Entertainment ... game studios UK videogame company stub ar da Media Molecule de Media Molecule es Media Molecule fr Media Molecule it Media Molecule hu Media Molecule no Media Molecule pt Media Molecule fi Media Molecule sv Media Molecule tr Media Molecule ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Odd molecule is a term invented by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 for a molecule containing an odd number of electron s. Taking the p shell elements, such molecules are rare they are usually colored and paramagnetic , that is, attracted by a magnet . Odd molecules are Radical chemistry radicals . A fine example is nitric oxide , q.v. nitrogen dioxide is another chlorine dioxide is also an example, being a reddish yellow gas. They are all fairly reactive. When including d shell elements, i.e., the transition metals, the concept mostly doesn t apply, and this odd state is not so unusual. References The Atom and the Molecule , Gilbert N. Lewis, Journal of the American Chemical Society , volume 38 1916 , pages 762&ndash 786 received January 26, 1916. http dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us webdocs Chem History Lewis 1916 Lewis 1916.html Classic Papers online copy of 1916 paper 2005 V 17 Category Molecular physics ... more details
File Carbon dioxide 3D vdW.svg thumb right Carbon dioxide Triatomic molecules are formed by three atoms. Examples include H sub 2 sub O, CO sub 2 sub , HCN etc. Molecular vibrations The Molecular vibration vibrational modes of a triatomic molecule can be determined in specific cases. Symmetric linear molecules A symmetric linear molecule ABA can perform Antisymmetric longitudinal vibrations with frequency math omega a sqrt frac k 1M m Am B math Symmetric longitudinal vibrations with frequency math omega s1 sqrt frac k 1 m A math Symmetric transversal vibrations with frequency math omega s2 sqrt frac 2k 2M m A math In the previous formulas, M is the total mass of the molecule, m sub A sub and m sub B sub are the masses of the elements A and B, k sub 1 sub and k sub 2 sub are the spring constants of the molecule along its axis and perpendicular to it. Types File Trihydrogen cation 3D vdW.png thumb left Trihydrogen cation File Ozone elpot 3D vdW.png thumb right Ozone Ozone , O sub 3 sub is an example of a triatomic molecule with all atoms the same. Triatomic hydrogen , H sub 3 sub , is unstable and breaks up spontaneously. H sub 3 sub sup sup , the trihydrogen cation is stable by itself and is symmetric. Category Molecular vibration nl Triatomisch molecuul ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 Homonuclear molecules , or homonuclear species , are molecule s composed of only one type of Chemical element element . Homonuclear molecules may consist of various numbers of atom s, depending on the element s properties. Some elements form molecules of more than one size. Noble gas es rarely form bonds, so they only have one atom. The most familiar homonuclear molecules are diatomic , meaning they consist of two atom s, though not all diatomic molecules are homonuclear. Homonuclear diatomic molecules include hydrogen H sub 2 sub , oxygen O sub 2 sub , nitrogen N sub 2 sub and all of the halogen s. Oxygen, in addition to its diatomic form, also forms the homonuclear triatomic molecule, ozone O sub 3 sub . Homonuclear tetratomic molecules include arsenic As sub 4 sub and phosphorus P sub 4 sub . Sulfur forms diatomic element diatomic , wikt hexatomic hexatomic and octatomic element octatomic homonuclear molecules S sub 2 sub , S sub 6 sub , S sub 8 sub , though the first two are rare. The element carbon is known to have a number of homonuclear molecules, the best known being buckminsterfullerene or buckyball C sub 60 sub See also Heteronuclear molecule Allotropy DEFAULTSORT Homonuclear Molecule Category Molecules Category Chemical element groups ... more details
Superherobox Wikipedia WikiProject Comics image File Molecule Man.jpg 250px caption Molecule Man Promotional Artwork comic color background ff8080 character name Molecule Man real name Owen Reece publisher ... Molecular manipulation For other uses, see Molecule Man disambiguation keep just above first text of article Molecule Man is a fictional character , a supervillain or reluctant hero in the Marvel .... Reece named himself the Molecule Man after his power to control molecules. The tremendous forces released ..., not even knowing his name after his twelve years of work there. Angered, the Molecule Man covered ... Watcher comics Watcher whose task it is to observe Earth, recognized the dire threat that the Molecule ... Four of the threat posed by the Molecule Man. The Molecule Man transported the Baxter Building ..., claiming she had made them to honor the Molecule Man. The shock when he tried to rearrange ... transported the Molecule Man to confinement in an other dimensional world where time passes ..., known as the new Molecule Man, escaped the world and went to Earth, bringing the wand with him. In an attempt to avenge his father, the new Molecule Man battled both the Man Thing and the Thing of the Fantastic ... his existence in this dimension, the new Molecule Man disintegrated when the wand was taken from him. ref Marvel Two in One 1 ref However, the consciousness and powers of the original Molecule Man remained within the wand, and the Molecule Man could overpower the minds of whoever touched the wand and take ... Iron Man . ref Iron Man Annual 3 ref Molecule Man then took mental possession of Aaron Stankey ..., Reece joined forces with many of Earth s superhuman champions to battle him. But the Molecule Man exhausted ... have caused incredible planet wide instability if not for the The Molecule Man s power. The Molecule .... The Molecule Man and his allies found the machine, and Reece, believing they could not take the chance ... a new Universe. The injured Molecule Man and the Silver Surfer , uniting their power temporarily ... more details
A hypervalent molecule is a molecule that contains one or more main group element s formally bearing more than eight electron s in their valence shell s. Phosphorus pentachloride PCl sub 5 sub , sulfur hexafluoride SF sub 6 sub , the phosphate PO sub 4 sub sup 3 sup ion, chlorine trifluoride ClF sub 3 sub and the triiodide I sub 3 sub sup sup ion are examples of hypervalent molecules. Definitions and nomenclature Hypervalent molecules were first formally defined by Jeremy I. Musher in 1969 as molecules having central atoms of group 15 18 in any oxidation state other than the lowest. ref name Musher ... hydride counterparts e.g. phosphorane PH sub 5 sub which is an unstable molecule. Even an ionic ... account for both the octahedral symmetry of the molecule as well as observed molecular structure ... 400px center Phosphorus pentafluoride Hexacoordinated sulfur For a hexacoordinate molecule such as sulfur ... incubated with catalytic amounts of water returned a rate that is first order reaction first order in chlorosilane and second order in water. This indicated that two water molecules interacted with the silane ... in catalyst and now first order in water. Appropriately, the rates of hydrolysis also exhibited a dependence ... of the tetracoordinated silane by the nucleophile or water in which a hypervalent pentacoordinated silane is formed. This is followed by a nucleophilic attack of the intermediate by water in a rate determining ... were reacted with two equivalents of water. Following twenty four hours, almost no hydrolysis of the tetracoordinated ... volume 49 pages 298 ref and shown to be second order in water. Bel skii et al. . have proposed a prerate determining nucleophilic attack by water resulting in an equilibrium between the penta and hexacoordinated phosphorus species, which is followed by a proton transfer involving the second watermolecule in a rate determining ring opening step, leading to the hydroxlyated product. image Hydrolysis ... Molecule Category Chemical bonding Link GA zh ar de Hypervalenz es Hipervalencia ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 Molecule Island coor dm 66 28 S 66 24 W is the easternmost of the Bragg Islands , lying in Crystal Sound 7.5 nautical miles 14 km north of Cape Rey , Graham Land . Mapped from surveys by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey FIDS 1958 59 . The name arose from association with Atom Rock in the same group. See also List of antarctic and sub antarctic islands usgs gazetteer Category Islands of Graham Land Category Graham Coast GrahamCoast geo stub ... more details
In the fields of pharmacology and biochemistry , a small molecule is a low molecular weight organic compound which is by definition not a polymer . The term small molecule, especially within the field of pharmacology, is usually restricted to a molecule that also binds with high affinity to a biopolymer such as protein , nucleic acid , or polysaccharide and in addition alters the activity or function of the biopolymer. The upper molecular weight limit for a small molecule is approximately 800 Atomic mass unit Daltons which allows for the possibility to rapidly diffuse across cell membranes so that they can reach intracellular sites of action. In addition, this molecular weight cutoff is a necessary but insufficient condition for oral bioavailability . Small molecules can have a variety of biological functions, serving as cell signaling molecules, as tools in molecular biology , as drug s in medicine , as pesticide s in farming , and in many other roles. These compounds can be natural such as secondary metabolites or artificial such as antiviral drug s they may have a beneficial effect against a disease such as pharmaceuticals drugs or may be detrimental such as teratogen s and carcinogen s . Biopolymers such as nucleic acid s, protein s, and polysaccharides such as starch or cellulose ... s. Small molecules are often considered superior to large molecule biologics because they can be taken ... Hedgehog interacting protein or cyclopamine , the first two are protein and the last a small molecule ... inhibitor small molecule inhibitors or Enzyme inhibitor activators with can bind to the active ... ref There is also interest in creating small molecule artificial transcription factors to regulate gene expression , examples include wrenchnol a wrench shaped molecule . ref name pmid17894442 cite ... References reflist External links MeSH name Small Molecule Libraries Category Plant physiology Category Drugs de Small molecule id Molekul kecil ... more details
A molecule editor is a computer program for creating and modifying representations of chemical structure s. Molecule editors can manipulate chemical structure representations in either two or three dimensions. two dimensional Two Dimensional editors generate output used as illustrations or for querying chemical database s. 3 D computer graphics Three dimensional molecule editors are used to build molecular models, usually as part of molecular modelling software packages. Database molecular editors such as Leatherface, ref Kenny, P.W. Sadowski, J. 2005 http dx.doi.org 10.1002 3527603743.ch11 Structure modification in chemical databases Chemoinformatics in drug discovery editor&mdash Oprea, T.I. , 271 285 Wiley . ref RECAP ref Lewell, X.Q. Judd, D.B Watson, S.P. Hann, M.M. 1998 http dx.doi.org 10.1021 ci970429i RECAP Retrosynthetic Combinatorial Analysis Procedure A Powerful New Technique for Identifying Privileged Molecular Fragments with Useful Applications in Combinatorial Chemistry J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 38, 511 522. ref and Molecule Slicer ref Vieth, M. Siegel, M.G. Higgs, R.E. ... such as deprotonate carboxylic acids or break exocyclic bonds that can be specified by the user. Molecule .... Files generated by molecule editors can be displayed by molecular graphics tools. Standalone ... software Avogadro OpenMolecules.net GNU GPL GPL Linux, Mac OS X, Windows 3D molecule editor and visualizer ... Kosata GNU GPL GPL platform independent 2D molecule editor written in Python programming language .... http chemhack.com jsmoleditor jsMolEditor , the world s first molecule structure editor in Javascript ... Marvin molecule editor and viewer proprietary software from ChemAxon . Supports all major ... www.molinspiration.com docu webme index.html Molinspiration WebME molecule editor proprietary ... edit index.html PubChem online molecule editor , supports SMILES , Smiles arbitrary target ... for molecular diagram sketching References reflist DEFAULTSORT Molecule Editor Category Chemistry software ... more details
A signaling molecule is a chemical involved in transmitting information between cell biology cell s. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell. Hydrogen sulfide is produced in small amounts by some cells of the human body and has a number of biological signaling functions. Only two other such gases are currently known to act as signaling molecules in the human body nitric oxide and carbon monoxide . See also Neurotransmitter cell signaling Category Signal transduction nl Signaalmolecuul molecular cell biology stub ja sk Sign lna molekula tr Sinyal molek l ... more details
A Rydberg molecule is an electronically excited chemical species . Electronically excited molecular states are generally quite different in character from electronically excited atomic states. However, particularly for highly electronically excited molecular systems, the ionic core interaction with an excited electron can take on the general aspects of the interaction between the proton and the electron in the hydrogen atom. The spectroscopic assignment of these states follows the Rydberg formula , named after the Sweden Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg , and they are called Rydberg states of molecules. Rydberg series are associated with partially removing an electron from the ionic core. Each Rydberg series of energies converges on an ionization energy threshold associated with a particular ionic core configuration. These quantized Rydberg energy levels can be associated with the quasiclassical Bohr atomic picture. The closer you get to the ionization threshold energy, the higher the principal quantum number, and the smaller the energy difference between near threshold Rydberg states. As the electron is promoted to higher energy levels in a Rydberg series, the spatial excursion of the electron from the ionic core increases and the system is more like the Bohr quasiclassical picture. The Rydberg states of molecules with low principal quantum numbers can interact with the other excited electronic states of the molecule. This can cause shifts in energy. The assignment of molecular Rydberg states often involves following a Rydberg series from intermediate to high principal quantum numbers. The energy of Rydberg states can be refined by including a correction called the quantum ... types of Rydberg molecules In 2009, a different kind of Rydberg molecule was finally created by researchers ... the molecule which survived for 18 microseconds. ref cite web last Gill first Victoria title World first for strange molecule url http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi sci tech 8013343.stm date 23 April 2009 publisher ... more details
This page describes Data mining mining for molecule s . Since molecules may be represented by molecular graph s this is strongly related to graph mining and structured data mining . The main problem is how to represent molecules while discriminating the data instances. One way to do this is chemical similarity Metric mathematics metrics , which has a long tradition in the field of cheminformatics . Typical approaches to calculate chemical similarities use chemical fingerprints, but this loses the underlying information about the topology chemistry molecule topology . Mining the molecular graphs directly avoids this problem. So does the inverse QSAR problem which is preferable for vectorial mappings. Coding Molecule sub i sub ,Molecule sub j math neq math i sub Kernel methods Marginalized graph kernel ref name kti03 H. Kashima, K. Tsuda, A. Inokuchi, Marginalized Kernels Between Labeled Graphs, The 20th International Conference on Machine Learning ICML2003 , 2003. PDF ref Optimal assignment kernel ref name fwz05b H. Fr hlich, J. K. Wegner, A. Zell, Optimal Assignment Kernels For Attributed Molecular Graphs , The 22nd International Conference on Machine Learning ICML 2005 , Omnipress ... Scoring Common Substructure HSCS ranking strategy for single MCS Small Molecule Subgraph Detector Small Molecule Subgraph Detector SMSD ref name SMSD09 S. A. Rahman, M. Bashton, G. L. Holliday, R. Schrader and J. M. Thornton, Small Molecule Subgraph Detector SMSD toolkit, Journal of Cheminformatics ... Coding Molecule sub i sub Molecular query methods Warmr ref name ksd01 R. D. King, A. Srinivasan, L ... ADME partition coefficient External links http www.ebi.ac.uk thornton srv software SMSD Small Molecule ... with Graphs, 2007 http miningdrugs.blogspot.com 2007 01 molecule mining review 2006.html Overview for 2006 http hms.liacs.nl molecules.html Molecule mining basic chemical expert systems http www2.informatik.uni ... http joelib.sourceforge.net wiki index.php Structured Data Mining Molecule mining advanced chemical ... more details
Fluxional molecules are molecule s that undergo dynamics such that some or all of their atom s interchange between symmetry equivalent positions. Because virtually all molecules are fluxional in some respects, e.g. bond rotations in most organic compound s, the term fluxional depends on the context and the method used to assess the dynamics. Often, a molecule is considered fluxional if its spectroscopic signature exhibits line broadening beyond that dictated by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle due to chemical exchange . In some cases, where the rates are slow, fluxionality is not detected spectroscopically, but by isotopic labeling . Carbonium ion The prototypical fluxional molecule is the carbonium ion , which is protonated methane, CH sub 5 sub sup sup . ref cite journal author Kramer, G. M. journal Science year 1999 volume 286 pages 1051 ref ref cite journal author Oka, T. White, E. T. journal Science year 1999 volume 286 pages 1051 ref ref cite journal author1 Marx, D. author2 Parrinello, M. journal Science volume 286 pages 1051 year 1999 ref In this unusual species, whose IR spectrum was recently experimentally observed ref cite journal author D. W. Boo, Z. F. Liu, A. G. Suits, J. S. Tse, Y. T. Lee journal Science volume 269 pages 57 9 year 1995 doi 10.1126 science.269.5220.57 pmid 17787703 title Dynamics of Carbonium Ions Solvated by Molecular Hydrogen CH5 H2 n n 1, 2, 3 issue 5220 ref ref cite journal author E. T. White, J. Tang, T. Oka journal Science volume 284 pages 135 7 year 1999 doi 10.1126 science.284.5411.135 pmid 10102811 title CH5 The infrared spectrum observed issue 5411 ref and more recently understood, ref cite journal journal Science journal Science volume 309 issue 5738 pages 1219 1222 title Understanding the Infrared Spectrum of Bare CH sub 5 sub ... distribution of protons in CH sub 5 sub sup sup is many times broader than its parent molecule ... ref NMR spectroscopy A classic example of a fluxional molecule is dimethylformamide . ref cite ... more details
ref . Cross linked variants have been produced as well. Properties An Affibody molecule consists ... expressing tumors with a site specifically 99mTc labeled recombinant affibody molecule, ZHER2 ... , an Affibody molecule based tracer for the detection of HER2 expression in malignant tumors journal ... HER2 binding affibody molecule journal Cancer Res. volume 66 issue 8 pages 4339 48 pmid 16618759 ... labeled HER2 specific Affibody molecule journal Cancer Res. volume 67 issue 6 pages 2773 82 pmid ... Molecule Category Molecular biology Category Proteins de Affibody ... more details
other uses Rhein disambiguation chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 400498997 Name Rhein ImageFile Cassic acid.svg ImageSize 200px ImageName Chemical structure of rhein ImageFile1 Cassic acid 3D balls.png ImageSize1 210px ImageName1 Ball and stick model of rhein ImageAlt Chemical structure of rhein IUPACName 4,5 dihydroxy 9,10 dioxoanthracene 2 carboxylic acid OtherNames Rhubarb Yellow br Monorhein br Cassic acid br Rheic acid br Chrysazin 3 carboxylic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 478 43 3 CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASOther PubChem 10168 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 418068 SMILES C1 CC2 C C C1 O C O C3 C C C C C3C2 O C O O O InChI MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 15 sub H sub 8 sub O sub 6 sub MolarMass 284.22 g mol ExactMass 284.032088 u Appearance Orange crystals ref name naturestandard http www.naturestandard.com Product Productdetail.aspx?PID 142 Cassic acid on www.naturestandard.com ref Density MeltingPt 350 352 C ref name naturestandard BoilingPt C Solubility Insoluble in water Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS EUClass Xi EUIndex MainHazards Irritant NFPA H NFPA F NFPA R NFPA O RPhrases R36 R37 R38 SPhrases S26 37 S39 RSPhrases FlashPt Autoignition ExploLimits LD50 PEL Rhein , also known as cassic acid , is a substance in the anthraquinone group found in rhubarb species like Rheum undulatum ref Pharmacokinetic analysis of rhein in Rheum undulatum L. Je Hyun Lee, Jong Moon Kim and Chungsook Kim, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 84, Issue 1, January 2003, Pages 5 9, doi 10.1016 S0378 8741 02 00222 2 ref or Rheum palmatum ref name naturestandard or in Cassia reticulata . ref http www.jbc.org content 177 1 169.full.pdf Identification of the antibiotic substance from Cassia reticulata as 4,5 Dihydroxyanthraquinone 2 carboxylic acid. Marjorie Anchel, 1948 ref Rhein has been reevaluated as a new antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus in 2008. ref Global transcriptional res ... more details
Molecule Man may refer to Molecule Man , a Marvel Comics superhero Molecule Man sculpture , a sculpture by Jonathan Borofsky Molecule Man video game , a computer game released by Mastertronic in 1986 disambig ... more details
Image Single Molecule Under Water AFM Tapping Mode.jpg right thumb 200px Single polymer molecules 0.4 ..., http dx.doi.org 10.1021 ja0558239 AFM Single Molecule Experiments at the Solid Liquid Interface ... Society, vol. 127, iss. 45, pp. 15688 15689 2005 ref . A single molecule experiment investigates the properties of an individual molecule that can be distinguished for the purpose of an experiment or analysis. Single molecule studies may be contrasted with measurements on an ensemble or bulk collection ... and cannot observe single molecules, single molecule fluorescence techniques that have ... channels patch clamp experiments were the first example for single molecule experiments these were performed ... In the gas phase at ultralow pressures, single molecule experiments have been around for decades, but in the condensed .... Lett. 65, 2716 2719 1990 ref . Many techniques have the ability to observe one molecule at a time ... means of observing one molecule at a time, mostly due to the sensitivity of commercial optical ... molecule requires that the molecule is in an isolated environment and that it emits photons upon excitation ... and time resolution. More recently, single molecule fluorescence is the subject of intense interest ... of myosin actin enzymes found in muscle tissues. Through single molecule techniques the step mechanism ... force microscope are also suited to single molecule experiments of biological significance, since ... . Optical tweezers have also been used with success. About the experiments Concept Single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy uses the fluorescence of a molecule for obtaining information on its environment ... at the same time represents an average property of the molecule s dynamics . The results in many ... often indicate changes in local environment. For instance, single molecule labeling has yielded a vast .... Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer Here, the molecule is labeled in at least two .... Since the distance changes with time, this experiemnt probes the internal dynamics of the molecule ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A Janus molecule or Janus faced molecule is a molecule which can represent both beneficial and toxic effects. Examples are nitrous oxide ref Vittorio Calabrese, Cesare Mancuso, Menotti Calvani, Enrico Rizzarelli, D. Allan Butterfield & Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella. http www.nature.com nrn journal v8 n10 abs nrn2214.html Nitric oxide in the central nervous system neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity . Nature Reviews Neuroscience 8, 766 775 October 2007 ref and cholesterol . ref A RECEPTOR MEDIATED PATHWAY FOR CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS, Nobel lecture, December 9, 1985 by Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein http nobelprize.virtual.museum nobel prizes medicine laureates 1985 brown goldstein lecture.pdf. ref In the case of cholesterol, the property that makes cholesterol useful in cell membranes, namely its absolute insolubility in water, also makes it lethal. When cholesterol accumulates in the wrong place, for example within the wall of an artery, it cannot be readily mobilized, and its presence eventually leads to the development of an atherosclerotic plaque. See also Toxicity References references Category Molecules biochem stub ... more details
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