Technical date February 2008 Image Gluten Flour.PNG thumb right 250px Wheat gluten flour Triticeaeglutens are seed storage protein s found in mature seeds of grass tribe Triticeae . Seed gluten s of non Triticeae plants have varieties of similar properties, but none singly can perform on a par with those of the Triticeae taxa, particularly the triticum species bread wheat, durum wheat, etc . By its strictest definition gluten means the factors in bread wheat Triticeae Triticum aestivum that give ... the designation of Gluten free applies to foods bearing the seed storage proteins derived from Triticeae. Triticeae seed proteins fall into four groups ref It is the sticky, glue like properties of glutens ... in wheat glutenin form the classically defined gluten components in wheat. Triticeaeglutens ... of Triticeaeglutens The Gluten sensitivity Immunochemistry of glutens immunochemistry ... lymphocytes appears to be the primary process involved in Coeliac Disease . Triticeaeglutens ... proteins or very similar proteins are also found in other triticeae genera and species. What distinguishes ... triticum monococcum . Because of the sequence similarity of these glutens, gluten sensitivity most ... sensitive to oats , but it is not clear how much of this is due to contamination of triticeae seeds ... www.friedli.com research PhD gluten chap2.html the Glutens ref albumin s soluble in hypotonic solutions ... namely coeliac disease . The poisonous motifs appear to be spread widely in Triticeae , but not other ... and Glutelins Proteins of the Triticeae endosperm that are generally rich in arginine, proline ... Genetics of Prolamins and Glutelins Because of the usefulness of wheat glutens genetic studies have .... Biochemistry of Triticeae prolamins and glutelins Chemical behavior Gliadins , an example of the prolamin s in Triticeae , are separated on the basis of electrophoretic mobility and isolelectric focusing ... acetonitrile . Cultivar glutelin s in Triticeae Glutenin is 35 40 of wheat Triticum aestivum protein ... more details
of three species, only one of them originally a wheat Triticum species. Triticeaeglutens Seed storage proteins in Triticeae are implicated in various Food allergy food allergies and intolerances. Genera of Triticeae This list of tribes broadly follows that in http delta intkey.com grass Grass Genera ... old world species. Triticeae and health Glutens storage proteins in the Triticeae tribe have been ... sensitivity is the result of contamination. Triticeaeglutens examines of the proteins of Triticeae ... tolerance to Triticeaeglutens reflects early childhood environment and genetic predisposition ... See text. Triticeae is a tribe biology tribe within the Pooideae subfamily of grasses that includes ... ref http herbarium.usu.edu triticeae agropyron.htm ref http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ... java profile?symbol AMBLY5 amblyopyrum Australopyrum ref http herbarium.usu.edu triticeae australopyrum.htm ... delileana grass Dasypyrum ref http herbarium.usu.edu triticeae dasypyrum.htm ref http plants.usda.gov ... triticeae elymus.htm ref http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ELYMU Elymus wild ryes http plants.usda.gov ... ref http herbarium.usu.edu triticeae eremopyrum.htm ref http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol EREMO5 ... species of the Triticeae rye, wheat, and barley journal Biochem. Genet. volume 25 issue 3 4 pages ... profile?symbol PASM western wheatgrass http herbarium.usu.edu Triticeae peridictyon.html Peridictyon ... Triticeae Pseudoroegneria.htm Pseudoroegneria http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol PSEUD22 ... thumb 350px right 4 different commercial forms of Triticeae cultivars. Clockwise from top wheat ... feb solid background fff7f8 style font size 90 Genomes of some Triticeae genera and species style background ... NsNs XmXm Triticeae and its sister tribe Bromeae possible cultivars http www.pfaf.org database ... and Aveneae share a genetic marker with barley and 10 other members of Triticeae, whereas all 19 genera of Triticeae bear a wheat marker along with Bromeae. ref name Kubo et al cite journal author ... more details
Prolamins are a group of plant storage glyco proteins having a high proline content and found in the seeds of cereal grains wheat gliadin , barley hordein , rye secalin , maize corn zein , sorghum kafirin and as a minor protein, avenin in oats . They are characterised by a high glutamine and proline content and are generally soluble only in strong alcohol solutions. Some prolamins, notably gliadin , and similar proteins found in the tribe Triticeae see Triticeae glutens may induce coeliac disease in genetically predisposed individuals. ref Shewry PR, Halford NG. Cereal seed storage proteins structures, properties and role in grain utilization. J Exp Bot 2002 53 947 58. PMID 11912237. ref References reflist Category Proteins Category Glycoproteins Category Seed storage proteins P protein stub de Prolamine eo Prolamino fr Prolamine it Prolammina ru uk zh ... more details
. Triticeaeglutens As substrates for enzymes Deamidated gliadin is soluble in water. The cellular immunity ... Gliadin Category Glutens Category Glycoproteins Category Seed storage proteins ar ca Gliadina ... more details
Glutelins proteins are soluble in dilute acid s or Base chemistry base s, detergent s, chaotropic agent chaotropic , or reducing agent s. In general, they are prolamin like protein s in certain grass seeds. Glutenin is the most common glutelin, as it is found in wheat and is responsible for some of the refined baking properties in common wheat bread wheat . The glutelins of barley and rye ref name LMWGlt Ssyl cite journal author Shang H, Wei Y, Long H, Yan Z, Zheng Y title Identification of LMW glutenin like genes from Secale sylvestre host. journal Genetika volume 41 issue 12 pages 1656 64 year 2005 pmid 16396452 ref have also been identified. Glutelins are also used as the primary energy storage in the endosperm of rice. There are typically high molecular weight HMW and low molecular weight LMW glutelins in these species. They crosslink with themselves and other proteins during baking via Disulfide bond disulfide bonds . A HMW glutelin glutenin of the grass tribe Triticeae can be sensitizing agent s for coeliac disease in individuals possessing the HLA DQ8 MHC Class II class II antigen Immune receptor receptor gene . ref name PMD16607142 cite journal author Dewar D, Amato M, Ellis H, Pollock E, Gonzalez Cinca N, Wieser H, Ciclitira P title The toxicity of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat to patients with coeliac disease. journal Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol volume 18 issue 5 pages 483 91 year 2006 pmid 16607142 doi 10.1097 00042737 200605000 00005 ref not yet characterized to the epitope level References div class references small references div External links http www.friedli.com research PhD gluten chap2.html the Glutens Category Glutens Category Seed storage proteins Category Glycoproteins fr Glut line it Glutelina pl Gluteliny zh ... more details
. The target of the most allergenic antibodies is Triticeaeglutens Chemical behavior 5 gliadin ... ref which is encoded by the Triticeaeglutens Genetics of Prolamins and Glutelins Gli 1B gene found on the Triticeae Genetics B haplome Aegilops speltoides derived of wheat. ref name pmid17263477 cite ... more details
mediated by Triticeaeglutens Chemical behavior 5 gliadin which is encoded by the Gli 1B gene derived from the Triticeae Aegilops Aegilops speltoides B genome within wheat. Glutelin allergies Glutenin wheat glutelin is a predominant allergen in wheat. ref name pmid17655322 Nine subunits of Triticeaeglutens Chemical behavior LMW glutinen have been linked in connection with wheat allergies. Albumin ... proteins. Alternative cereals TriticeaeglutensTriticeae gluten free oats free of wheat, rye or barley ... glutenin s. These two protein groups form the classic glutens. While gluten is a causative ... Triticeae genera enter the blood stream during exercise where they cause acute asthmatic or allergic ... or from a small number of cultivated triticeae species. ref name pmid17263477 cite journal author ... the cause of which is generally believed to be the hydrophobic prolamin components of certain Triticeae ... more details
Immunochemistry of glutens Main Gluten immunochemistry TriticeaeglutensTriticeaeglutens are important ... cause of GSE is not limited to wheat gluten Triticeaeglutensglutens from all known edible cultivar s of Triticeae can induce GSE in susceptible individuals see Gluten immunochemistry . class wikitable ... sensitive gut. br Triticeae and the potential role of selective evolution in gluten sensitivities The fruiting ... defines all potentially pathogenic glutens. With wheat allergies, there can be a wide spectrum of species ... sequenced within the tribe Triticeae . ref name Kupper cite journal author Kupper C title Dietary guidelines ... related to wheat, but carries pathogenic epitopes it can be assumed that all members of Triticeae should carry T cell sites capable of sustaining disease see also Triticeae Genetics Genetics of Triticeae . While often not explicitly stated in some standards, pathogenic glutens found in wheat are also found in Spelt and Kamut both types of wheat , Triticale a trans species Triticeae hybrid . Image ... within the grass tribe Aveneae , which is in the Pooideae subfamily along with Triticeae ... to Triticeae cereals. Some, but not all, cultivars of oat contain the pathogenic proteins that provoke ... Triticeae contaminated oats in the study came from many countries indicating that most sources of oats ... from Triticeae derived gluten to 20 PPM 20 mg per kg . US states are free to deny the GF ... more details
The immunochemistry of triticeaeglutensTriticeaeglutens is important in several inflammatory diseases. It can be subdivided into innate responses direct stimulation of immune system , MHC class II class II mediated presentation HLA DQ , MHC class I class I meditiated stimulation of killer cells , and antibody recognition. The responses to gluten protein s and polypeptide regions differs according to the type of gluten sensitivity. The response is also dependent on the genetic makeup of the human leukocyte antigen genes. In gluten sensitive enteropathy, there are 4 types of recognition, innate immunity a form of cellular immunity priming , HLA DQ , and antibody recognition of gliadin and transglutaminase. With idiopathic gluten sensitivity only antibody recognition to gliadin has been resolved ... wikt tribe tribe Triticeae have been found to carry motifs presented by HLA DQ2.5 and DQ8. Wheat ... is found in wheat and other Triticeae genera. see also Talk Gluten sensitivity Alpha gliadin .22.CE.B1 ... 4 epitopes was 68 amino acids in length. DQ2 and glutelins Triticeae glutelins presented by DQ2 ... with the prolamins of the similar species of Triticeae. Two motifs, K1 like 46 60 , pGH3 like 41 59 ... s of other Triticeae wikt genera genera , a gliadin that appears to similar to ancestral. Antigen ... bbrc.1996.0225 ref Taming Triticeae Immunochemistry New immunogenic motifs appear in the literature almost monthly and new gliadin and Triticeae protein sequences appear that contain these motifs. The HLA ... fraction of Triticeae gluten variants have been examined. For this reason the immunochemistry is best discussed at the level of Triticeae , because it is clear that the special immunological properties ..., and there are many motifs, some still not known. Different strains of triticeae exist for different ... of people that could have Triticeae sensitivity from the 1 that, in their lifetime, will have some ... 2 gluten sensitivity DEFAULTSORT Gluten Immunochemistry Category Immune system Category Glutens ... more details
1999 pmid 10441179 doi 10.1006 jaut.1999.0303 ref along with increased numbers of Triticeaeglutens ... made by a class of grasses called Triticeae , which includes wheat See Wheat taxonomy , barley , and rye ... more details
Refimprove date November 2008 The word gluteomics describes the systematic study on the T cell stimulatory peptides in celiac disease . These peptides are derived from gluten or gluten like proteins. Usually the term gluteomics is used in the context of global approach to identify, target or detect large sets of the disease related sequences. The scientific methods usually employed by gluteomic studies include novel epitope identification by means of database searching with dedicated algorithms, studies on toxicity of fractions of gluten and or gluten like proteins, degradation of multiple T cell stimulatory sequences with the specific enzymes, and development of protocols for the detection of peptides implicated in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. See also gluteome Category Glutens ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Secalin is a prolamin glyco protein found in the grain rye , Secale cereale . Secalin is one of the forms of gluten proteins that people with coeliac disease cannot tolerate, and thus rye should be avoided by people with this disease. It is generally recommended that such people follow a gluten free diet . In bread making with rye flour, this protein requires exposure to an acid such as lactic acid so that the bread will rise. This is usually achieved with a sourdough fermentation food ferment . Category Glutens S Category Seed storage proteins S Category Glycoproteins Category Food science Biochemistry stub sv Sekalin ... more details
italic title Taxobox image Wild rye.jpg image caption rye regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Poales familia Poaceae subfamilia Pooideae tribus Triticeae genus Secale genus authority L. subdivision ranks Species subdivision About 3, ref http herbarium.usu.edu webmanual info2.asp?name Secale&type treatment Grass Manual Treatment ref see text Secale is a genus of grass es in the Triticeae tribe. The most known member is rye Secale cereale . Other species include Secale montanum Guss. Secale sylvestre Host. References reflist Category Poaceae genera Poaceae stub az ovdar bitki be be x old ca Secale cs ito da Rug de Roggen Gattung es Secale fr Secale hsb Ro ka kk lt Rugys nl Secale no Rug pl yto pt Secale sk Ra uk ... more details
taxobox image Elymus virginicus.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Poales familia Poaceae subfamilia Pooideae tribus Triticeae genus Elymus genus Elymus species E. virginicus binomial Elymus virginicus binomial authority Elymus virginicus , or Virginia wildrye , is a perennial bunchgrass located in Virginia and the eastern United States . Category Poaceae Category Bunchgrasses of North America Category Grasses of the United States Category Flora of Delaware Category Flora of the Eastern United States Category Flora of Maryland Category Flora of Pennsylvania Category Flora of Virginia Category Flora of Washington, D.C. Category Flora of West Virginia ... more details
Refimprove date November 2008 The term gluteome is used to describe the entire set of all gluten like proteins in grains, which consumption causes occurrence of clinical manifestations in celiac patients. These proteins include gliadin s and glutenin s from wheat, secalins from rye, hordein s from barley, avenins from oats and potentially homologues from other related grain species. Since not all grain storage proteins have been identified yet, the term gluteome often refers to the complete set of the known sequences of gluten and gluten like molecules. Alternatively, the word gluteome can depict the entire complement of grain storage proteins in a single grain species at a given time. The discipline of science dedicated to study gluteome is referred to as gluteomics . Category Glutens ... more details
taxobox image polonicum.jpg image caption regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Poales familia Poaceae subfamilia Pooideae tribus Triticeae genus Triticum species T. polonicum binomial Triticum polonicum binomial authority Carl Linnaeus L. Triticum polonicum , also known as the Polish wheat , is an ordinary variant of wheat . It s a tetraploid species with 28 chromosomes. It can be found in small areas of the Mediterranean region, Ethiopia , Russia and in other regions of Asia . It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1762. ref name IPNI IPNI id 425856 1 accessdate 12 March 2009 ref References Reflist Category Plants described in 1762 Category Wheat Pooideae stub es Triticum polonicum hsb P lska p e ca pa pl Pszenica polska ru ... more details
url ref However recently it has been found that AVA drop as soon as TriticeaeglutensTriticeaeglutens are removed from the diet. ref name pmid18224563 cite journal author Guttormsen V, L vik A, Bye ... more details
Glutenin or glutenine is the glutelin derived from wheat. Glutenin is a protein best known for its role, along with gliadin , in the creation of gluten with its disulfide inter and intra molecule links. Glutenin consists of 20 HMW High Molecular Weight subunits, which are relatively low in sulfur. The other 80 are LMW Low Molecular Weight subunits and are high in sulfur. It is soluble in dilution diluted acid s and base chemistry bases . Glutenin is responsible for the firmness of dough in baking bread because it increases the stability through a 3 dimensional network that forms when disulfide bond sulfur cross linkages develop between protein molecules during the kneading process. ref Pfluger, Laura. Wheat Applied Genomics. Gluten Strength , Coordinated Agricultural Project USDA CSREES funded , http maswheat.ucdavis.edu protocols gluten index.htm Accessed 21 Aug 2007 ref References reflist protein stub DEFAULTSORT G Category Glutens Category Glycoproteins Category Seed storage proteins ca Glutenina de Glutenin es Glutenina fr Glut nine id Glutenin it Glutenina nl Glutenine ja pt Glutenina ... more details
Hordein is a prolamin glycoprotein , present in barley and some other cereal s, together with gliadin and other glycoproteins such as glutelins coming under the general name of gluten . Some people are sensitive to hordein due to disorders such as celiac disease or gluten intolerance. Along with gliadin the prolamin gluten found in wheat , hordein is present in many foods and also may be found in beer. Hordein is usually the main problem for coeliacs wishing to drink beer. Coeliacs are able to find specialist breads that are low in hordein, gliadin and other problematic glycoproteins, just as they can find gluten free beer which either uses ingredients that do not contain gluten, or otherwise has the amounts of gliadin or hordein present controlled to stated limits. References http www.coeliac.co.uk Coelic.co.uk http www.celiac.org The Celiac Disease Foundation http www.celiac.com Celiac.com http www.celiaccenter.org University of Maryland Center for Celiac Research http www.glutenfreebeerfestival.com www.glutenfreebeerfestival.com a site specialising in reviewing beer without hordein, or with low gluten levels, generally Category Glutens Category Seed storage proteins Category Glycoproteins Category Food science biochem stub de Gliadin ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Elymus genus Taxobox name Elymus image Elymus canadensis.jpg image caption Elymus canadensis regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Poales familia Poaceae subfamilia Pooideae tribus Triticeae genus Elymus genus authority Carolus Linnaeus L. subdivision ranks Species subdivision 150 See text synonyms Hystrix Conrad Moench Moench synonyms ref ref name GRIN http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html genus.pl?14932 Germplasm Resources Information Network entry for Hystrix ref Elymus is a genus of perennial Poaceae grasses in the Triticeae tribe which contains many of the main cereal grains. Plants of this genus are known generally as wildrye or wheatgrass . There are at least 150 species in this genus. Selected species Elymus alaskanus Alaskan wheatgrass Elymus albicans Montana wheatgrass Elymus californicus California bottlebrush grass Elymus canadensis Canada wildrye Elymus cinereus Giant wild rye, Basin wildrye Elymus elymoides squirreltail Elymus glaucus blue wildrye Elymus hirsutus northern ryegrass Elymus hystrix eastern bottlebrush grass Elymus lanceolatus thickspike wheatgrass Elymus macrourus tufted wheatgrass Elymus magellanicus Magellan wheatgrass Elymus mollis American dunegrass, dune wildrye Elymus multisetus big squirrelgrass Elymus repens syn. Elytrigia repens quackgrass, couchgrass Elymus scribneri spreading wheatgrass Elymus sibericus Siberian ryegrass Elymus sierrae Sierra wildrye Elymus stebbinsii Parish wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus slender wheatgrass Elymus virginicus Virginia wildrye References reflist External links wikispecies Elymus The genus Elymus http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ELYMU USDA Plants Profile http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?8738,8964 Jepson Manual Treatment http utc.usu.edu factsheets GrassGeneraFSF Elymus.htm Factsheet from The Intermountain Herbarium Utah State University DEFAULTSORT Elymus Genus Category Pooideae Category Poace ... more details
classification of the barley genus Hordeum Poaceae Triticeae journal Breeding Science volume ... implications of an AFLP phylogeny of the American diploid Hordeum species Poaceae Triticeae ... more details
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