Taxobox name Triticale image Triticale.jpg image caption Triticale regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms ... genus Triticosecale binomial Triticosecale binomial authority Wittm. ex A. Camus. synonyms Triticale small Erich von Tschermak Tscherm. Seys. ex M ntzing small Triticale Triticosecale , IPAc en ... . Commercially available triticale is almost always a second generation hybrid, i.e., a cross between two kinds of primary first cross triticales. As a rule, triticale combines the high yield ... on the cultivar , triticale can more or less resemble either of its parents. It is grown mostly for forage or fodder , although some triticale based foods can be purchased at health food stores or are to be found ... producers of triticale are Poland , Germany , France , Belarus and Australia . In 2009, according ... 25 ref The triticale hybrids are all amphidiploid , which means the plant is diploid for two genomes derived from different species . In other words, triticale is an allotetraploid . In earlier years, most work was done on octoploid triticale. Different ploidy levels have been created and evaluated over time. The tetraploids showed little promise, but hexaploid triticale was successful enough to find ... 009 y5553e y5553e.pdf title Triticale improvement and production first1 Mohamed last1 Mergoum first2 ... triticale improvement program wanted to improve food production and nutrition in developing countries . Triticale has potential in the production of bread and other food products, such as cookie ... index.cfm?PgNm TCE&Params A1ARTA0008131 title Triticale work Agriculture publisher The Canadian ..., the Gristmill milling industry will have to adapt to triticale, as the milling techniques employed for wheat are unsuited to triticale. Sell et al. ref name sell et al Sell, J.L. Hodgson, G.C. Shebeski, L.H. 1962 http pubservices.nrc cnrc.ca rp ps absres.jsp?jcode cjas&ftl cjas62 026&lang eng Triticale ... 2 ref found triticale could be used as a feed grain , and later research found its starch was particularly ... more details
Image Winter wheat.jpg thumb right 300px Winter wheat, early spring Winter cereals , also called winter grains , fall cereals grains , autumn sown grains , etc. are the cereals which are sown in the autumn . They germinate before the winter comes, may partially grow during mild winters or simply persevere under a sufficiently thick snow cover to continue their life cycle in spring. They are harvested earlier than the spring sown grains of the same type. Winter forms are known for rye winter rye fall rye , wheat winter wheat fall wheat , barley winter barley fall barley and triticale winter triticale . References reflist Category Cereals Category Developmental biology agriculture stub pl Ro liny ozime ru uk ... more details
Grazed acreage Under the 2002 farm bill P.L. 101 171, Sec. 1206 , a producer that would be eligible for loan deficiency payments LDPs for wheat, barley, or oats, but agrees to graze livestock and forgo harvesting the crops is eligible for a payment equal to the LDP on the date of the agreement. Grazed triticale acreage is eligible for a payment equal to a wheat payment. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture Category Agricultural subsidies ... more details
The word broadacre is an Australian term used to describe land suitable for farms practicing large scale crop agriculture operations. The key crop segments in this category are as follows Oilseeds Canola , sunflowers Winter and summer cereals Wheat , barley , oats , triticale , sorghum , maize , millets Pulses Lupins , chickpeas , faba bean s, field peas, mung beans , soybeans , lentils Sugar cane Rice Within Australia today, these crops are farmed across more than 200,000 km . Broadacre is defined also as land parcels greater than 4,000 m and certain land use criteria for all government land designated for release and future urban zoned land. References http www.asdd.sa.gov.au asdd ANZSA1032000096.html Advances in broadacre. Baulkham Hills, N.S.W. Rhone Poulenc, 1999 . http www.planning.sa.gov.au go maps and data information by themes land monitoring broadacre land monitoring Analysis of broadacre land in the Adelaide and Outer Adelaide Statistical Divisions . External links http www.wantfa.com.au Sustainable Broadacre Cropping. Western Australian No Tillage Farmers Association WANTFA Category Agriculture in Australia ... more details
Dynamic accumulators are plants that mine nutrient s from the soil through their roots. These plants can then be used as a fertiliser , or as part of a fertiliser mix, for other plants that may be deficient in those particular nutrients. They play an important role in many permaculture guilds. Here is a list of plants that work as dynamic accumulators Arrowroot Borage Bracken Buckwheat Carrot leaves Chicory Clovers Comfrey Daikon Groundsel Kelp Lemon Balm Tagetes Marigold Mentha Mint Stinging Nettle Strawberry leaves Yarrow Microbiologist Kristine Nicholas ref University of Maryland, 2003 USDA ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND Research Area Activity Soil Microbiology and Aggregate Stability ref showed that native grasses like switchgrass , blue gama , bluestem , Indian grass not only send down deep roots but increase glomalin levels and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that help glue the soil together, make it coherent, and most importantly, shuttle biologically available nutrients from soil to plant. Some land reclamation companies are now using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and triticale to accomplish a similar end, and most likely Orchard grass especially in combination with chicory and clover , and yacon , Jerusalem artichoke , chicory and many other plants will also eventually be shown to increase glomalin. Whatever that mysterious quality of fertile and fertility turns out to be in the soil, it must have something to do with these processes. It seems that you can hardly do better than plant lots of chicory and stinging nettle . These are very tolerant of other plants, stable, persistent but not invasive, and seem to bring out the best of whatever they are planted next to. Notes references Category Organic gardening botany stub ... more details
unreferenced date August 2009 Infobox Australian place type town name Hopeland state qld image caption postcode 4413 pop pop footnotes est elevation coordinates Coord 26 53 S 150 36 E display title,inline region AU QLD type city pushpin label position left latd 26 latm 53 lats longd 150 longm 36 longs maxtemp mintemp rainfall lga Dalby Regional Council stategov Electoral district of Warrego Warrego fedgov Division of Maranoa Maranoa dist1 dir1 location1 timezone utc timezone dst utc dst Hopeland is a farming district south east of Chinchilla, Queensland , on the Darling Downs famous for its rich black, fertile soils. The district is situated on the Southern Brigalow Belt bioregion of Queensland . The heavy black soil on which the district sits is considered in the top 3 of Australia for broad acrea agriculture mainly due to its high field capacity and yield potential. The area uses both dryland farming and irrigation to produce sorghum , cotton , maize corn , wheat , millet , chick pea , mung bean , barley , triticale and oats . Given the high nutrient value of the soil, the district continually wins both state and national cropping competitions, most recently with a dryland sorghum crop yielding over 10 tonnes per hectare or over 4 tonnes per acre . References reflist Queensland geo stub Category Towns in Queensland Category Darling Downs ... more details
Infobox journal title Journal of the Entomological Research Society cover editor Metin Aktas discipline Entomology peer reviewed language English language English formernames abbreviation J. Ent. Res. Soc. publisher Gazi Entomological Research Society country Turkey frequency 3 year history 1999 present openaccess No license impact impact year website http www.entomol.org journal index.php?journal JERS&page index link1 http www.entomol.org journal index.php?journal JERS&page issue&op archive link1 name Archives link2 http www.entomol.org issues.html link2 name Abstracts RSS atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1302 0250 eISSN boxwidth The Journal of the Entomological Research Society is a peer review ed scientific journal published by the Gazi Entomological Research Society . It focus on several aspects of entomology , particularly those related to taxonomy , phylogeny , biodiversity , ecology , aquaculture and morphology biology morphology . Indexing The journal is indexed in ref http www.entomol.org journal index.php?journal JERS&page information&op authors ref columns list 2 Biological Abstracts Zoological Record Entomology Abstracts CAB Abstracts Field Crop Abstracts Organic Research Database Wheat, Barley and Triticale Abstracts Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology Veterinary Bulletin Review of Agricultural Entomology Forestry Abstracts Agroforestry Abstracts EBSCO Databases Science Citation Index Expanded References reflist External links http www.entomol.org journal index.php?journal JERS Journal of the Entomological Research Society website journal stub Category Entomology journals and magazines Category Publications established in 1999 ... more details
The Falling Number Method is the internationally standardized ICC 107 1, ISO 3093 2004, AACC 56 81B and most popular method for determining sprout damage. With the Falling Number test, so called weather or sprout damaged wheat or rye, which is disastrous for bread making quality, could be detected at the grain silo intake within 10 minutes. Sprouting or pre harvest germination is caused by damp or rainy weather conditions during the final stage of maturation of the new crop. The germination causes an accelerated production of the starch degrading enzyme alpha amylase. Severely sprouted grain kernels can contain several thousand times the amount of enzyme of sound unsprouted kernels. Because of this, very low levels of severely sprouted kernels mixed into sound wheat can cause the entire lot to exhibit significant amylase activity. Since the introduction in the early 60 s the FN method has become a world standard in the grain and flour milling industries for measuring alpha amylase activity in wheat, durum wheat, triticale and rye as well as milled products made from these grains. The Falling Number method is uncomplicated, but requires an apparatus which follows the international standards. Such an apparatus consists of a water bath, a test tube, a stirring rod, and a stirring device. Whereas the method was quite manual when it was first invented, instruments today are quite automated in their operation. To analyze a grain sample it first needs to be ground to a powder, whereas a flour sample can be analyzed as it is. The sample is put into the test tube distilled water is added, and the tube is then shaken vigorously to achieve a homogeneous mix. The tube is then placed in the boiling water bath, and the Falling Number instrument starts to stir the sample. Simultaneously the starch begins to gelatinize and the slurry becomes more viscous. The mixing makes sure the gelatinization is homogeneous in the slurry. What also happens at this elevated temperature is that th ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove July 2009 cleanup July 2009 Yellow rust, also known as stripe rust, is one of the three wheat rust diseases principally found in wheat grown in cooler environments. Such locations are generally associated with northern latitudes or cooler seasons. History This disease was first discovered by Gadd in 1977, but proper identification as another rust type disease was done by Eriksson and Henning in 1986. They named it Puccinia glumarum . At present, Puccinia striiformis is the name used by Hylander et al. 1953 . Symptoms Yellow rust takes its name from the appearance of yellow colored stripes produced parallel along the venations of each leaf blade. These yellow stripes are actually characteristic of Urediniomycetes uredinia that produce yellow colored urediniospore s. Primary hosts of yellow rust are Triticum aestivum bread wheat , Triticum turgidum durum wheat , triticale , and a few Hordeum vulgare barley cultivars the secondary host is still unknown. The disease usually occurs early in the growth season, when temperature ranges between 2 and 15 C but it may occur to a maximum of 23 C. High humidity and rainfall are favorable conditions for increasing the infection on both leaf blade and leaf sheath, even on spikes when in epidemic form. Symptoms are stunted and weakened plants, shriveled grains, fewer spikes, loss in number of grains per spike and grain weight. Losses can be 50 , but in severe situation 100 is vulnerable. In countries where wheat is grown in winters or at high elevations, yellow rust is a common threat, but not more significant than wheat leaf rust and stem rust , which are continuous threats in all wheat growing countries. Control Breeding resistant varieties is the only known method to control this rust. References Doodson, J.K., Manners, J.G. and Myers, A. 1964 . Some effects of yellow rust Puccinia striiformis on the growth and yield of spring wheat. Ann. Bot. 28 459 472. Eriksson, J. and E. Henning. 1896. Die Getreide ... more details
Globalize USA date November 2010 Image Wheat kernel nutrition.svg right Whole grains are cereal cereal grains that contain cereal germ , endosperm , and bran , in contrast to refined grains , which retain only the endosperm. Whole grains can generally be Sprouting sprouted while refined grains generally will not sprout. Whole meal products are made by grinding whole grains in order to make whole grain flour . Whole grains are a natural source of protein as well as a source of carbohydrates and are made into many different kinds of foods. Common whole grains include Wheat Oat Barley Hulled and Dehulled not Pearl Maize Brown rice Farro Spelt Emmer Einkorn Kamut Rye Millet Quinoa Amaranth Triticale Teff Sprouting Sprouted Grains Buckwheat Common whole grain products include Whole wheat flour Whole wheat Bread Whole wheat Pasta Rolled oats or oat groats Triticale Triticale flour Popcorn Teff Teff flour Common refined grain products include White rice White flour White bread Hominy Pasta non wholewheat varieties Identifying whole grain products Whole grain products can be identified by the ingredients list. Typically, if the ingredient lists whole wheat, whole meal, or whole corn as the first ingredient, the product is a whole grain food item. Wheat flour as opposed to whole grain wheat flour or whole wheat flour as the first ingredient is not a clear indicator of the product s whole grain content. If two ingredients are listed as grain products but only the second is listed as whole grain, the entire product may contain between 1 and 49 whole grain. ref name aredaval cite web url http www.wholegrainscouncil.org whole grains 101 title Whole Grains Council Intro to Whole Grains accessdate 2007 10 10 ref Many breads are colored brown often with molasses or caramel color and made to look like whole grain when they are not. In addition, some food manufacturers make foods with whole grain ingredients, but, because whole grain ingredients are not the dominant ingredient, they ... more details
Taxobox name Tilletia indica image Karnal bunt spore.jpg image width 200px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota subdivisio Ustilaginomycotina classis Ustilaginomycetes ordo Ustilaginales familia Tilletiaceae genus Tilletia species T. indica binomial Tilletia indica binomial authority Mitra, 1931 synonyms Neovossia indica Karnal bunt also known as partial bunt is a fungal disease of wheat , durum wheat , and triticale . The Smut fungus smut fungus Tilletia indica invades the seed kernels and obtains its nutrition from the endosperm , leaving behind waste products with a disagreeable odor that makes bunted kernels too unpalatable for use in flour . Origin and Spread Karnal bunt was named after Karnal , the district in the India n state of Haryana where it was first reported in 1931. It was soon discovered in other nearby wheat producing regions, including Iraq , Nepal , Pakistan , and Afghanistan . ref http www.nda.agric.za docs Karnalbunt.pdf Karnal Bunt of Wheat Technical Manual . South Africa Department of Agriculture, 2001. Retrieved on 2008 10 26. ref It was introduced to Mexico in the 1960s, and it was first discovered in the United States in 1996 in Arizona. Since then, it has also been found in California , New Mexico , and Texas . ref name aphisfact Quarantine s, some of them controversial, were imposed there. A few of them have since been lifted, but the United States Department of Agriculture USDA continues to monitor the disease in the United States. Disease Cycle The disease is primarily spread through contaminated seed or farm equipment, although it may also be carried short distances by the wind. The fungal spores can then remain viable for several years, germinating when weather conditions become favorable for development. Once the spores germinate, they infest the wheat flowers and develop large masses of spores on the embryo end of the kernels the entire kernel is not usually affected . ref http www.agr.state.tx.us agr program render 0,1987,1848 ... more details
Duddenhausen is a village in the municipality of B cken , Nienburg district district of Nienburg , in Lower Saxony , Germany . Duddenhausen has an area of 705 hectares 7,72 square miles . History Duddenhausen was first mentioned 987 in a document of the Archdiocese of Bremen . Tenors were possessions of the chapter of B cken, which was found 882. The four oldest farms in Duddenhausen were always property of this cloister, so the village may be already existed 882 minimum. There are two other references for a greater age 1 In Duddenhausen are rests of hill graves from the bronze age. 2 The Saxon place name Duddenhausen means Dudo s house Dudden Dudo, a Saxons Saxon first name. hausen house or houses . In Lower Saxony are these place names formations a reference for villages existing before 1000. In the 13th century a knight family was domiciled in Duddenhausen. Duddenhausen was situated in the County of Hoya . When the last count of Hoya died 1582, the new dominion duchy Brunswick L neburg ordered a Ratslagerbuch , a book with declarations of the farms, the farmers names, taxes and the size of arable land. At his time there were 14 farms in Duddenhausen. In the Thirty Years War some farms were destroyed. Since 1706 there existed a school in Duddenhausen closed 1969 . In 1793 there were 32 farms in Duddenhausen mentioned. In 1840 in the Kingdom of Hanover the serfdom was abolished. In 1940 there were 50 farms in Duddenhausen. Until 1974, Duddenhausen was an independent municipality . Since 1974 Duddenhausen has been a district of the market town B cken. Official population numbers for Duddenhausen 1821 278 1848 315 1871 317 1905 298 1910 311 1939 254 1946 439 1950 421 1980 250 2008 300 Economy For centuries the people were farmers. Today there are six families which are still farmers and cultivate wheat, rye, barley, avena, triticale, maize, rapeseed, sugar beet, potatoes, asparagus and bilberries. This district is very famous for asparagus. The main animals here are ... more details
citations missing date July 2010 image Fagopyrum .jpg thumb right 150px buckwheat image Gerstenkoerner.jpg thumb right 150px barley image Lens culirnaris.jpg thumb right 150px lentil Grains are small, hard, dry seeds with or without hull or fruit layers attached harvested for human food or animal feed ref Babcock, PG., ed. 1976. Webster s Third New International Dictionary. G. & C. Merriam Co. Springfield Massachusetts. ref Agronomists also call the plants producing such seeds grains or grain crops . In botany, the term is synonymous with caryopsis caryopses , the fruits of members of the grass family, but in agronomy seeds or fruits from other families are also called grains if they resemble caryopses. Classification Cereal grains cereal crops are all members of the grass family ref JG Vaughan, C Geissler, B Nicholson, E Dowle, E Rice. 1997. The new Oxford book of food plants. Oxford University Press. ref Cereal grains contain much starch, a carbohydrate that provides dietary energy. Warm season C4 carbon fixation C4 cereals maize or corn sorghum pearl millet proso millet finger millet foxtail millet fonio Cool season C3 carbon fixation C3 cereals wheat rice rye barley oat triticale Pseudocereal grains starchy grains from broadleaf dicot plant families amaranth Amaranth family Amaranthaceae quinoa Goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae buckwheat Smartweed family Polygonaceae Grain legumes or Pulse legume pulses members of the pea family Fabaceae . Pulses have higher protein than most other plant foods. They may also contain starch or oil. Most widely grown include soybean could also be classified as an oilseed Common bean many types, including pinto, black bean, etc. Chickpea Lima bean Runner bean Pigeon pea Lentil Field pea or Garden pea Lupin Oilseeds grains grown primarily for the extraction of their vegetable oil edible oil . Vegetable oils provide dietary energy and some essential fatty acids. They can be used as fuel or lubricants. Mustard Family Brassicaceae ... more details
Image Research alternative crops.jpg thumb An agronomist field sampling a trial plot of flax. Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, feed, fiber, and reclamation. Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences like biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Agronomist s today are involved with many issues including producing food, creating healthier food, managing environmental impact of agriculture, and creating energy from plants. ref http www.ImAnAgronomist.net I m An Agronomist Bot generated title ref Agronomists often specialize in areas such as crop rotation , irrigation and drainage , plant breeding , plant physiology , soil classification , fertility soil soil fertility , weed control , insect and pest control . Plant breeding Main Plant breeding This area of agronomy involves selective breeding of plants to produce the best crops under various conditions. Plant breeding has increased crop yields and has improved the nutritional value of numerous crops, including maize corn , soybeans , and wheat . It has also led to the development of new types of plants. For example, a Hybrid biology hybrid grain called triticale was produced by crossbreeding rye and wheat. Triticale contains more usable protein than does either rye or wheat. Agronomy has also been instrumental in fruit and vegetable production research. It is understood that the role of agronomist includes seeing whether produce from a field of x meets the following conditions 1. Land and water access, 2. Commercialization market , 3. Quality and quantity of inputs, 4. Risk protection insurance , 5. Agricultural credit. Citation needed date November 2008 Biotechnology Image Research mapping plant genomes.jpg thumb An agronomist mapping a plant genome . Agronomists use biotechnology to extend and expedite the development ... more details
Taxobox virus group iv familia Luteoviridae genus Luteovirus species Barley yellow dwarf virus Barley yellow dwarf is a plant disease caused by the barley yellow dwarf virus , and is the most widely distributed viral disease of cereals. It affects the economically important crop species barley , oat s, wheat , maize , triticale and rice . Biology Barley yellow dwarf virus BYDV is a positive sense single stranded RNA virus the viron is not enveloped in a lipid coating. ref name ictvdb International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. 2002. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ICTVdb ICTVdB 39011002.htm Barley yellow dwarf virus br ref The virus is transmitted by aphids , and the taxonomy of the virus is based on genome organisation, serotype differences and on the primary aphid vector of each isolate. The isolates and their major vectors in parentheses are ref name miller1997 Miller, W.A. and Rasochova, L. 1997. Barley yellow dwarf viruses. Annual Review of Phytopathology 35 167 190 br ref Subgroup I MAV, a less severe strain carried by aphids Grain aphid , Sitobion avenae , SGV Schizaphis graminum , and PAV, a less severe strain carried by aphids bird cherry aphid , Rhopalosiphum padi , grain aphid, S. avenae , and others including Rose grain aphid , Metopolophium dirhodum . Subgroup II, called Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus, however CYDV is now recognised as a separate species belonging to the Polerovirus genus of the Luteoviridae family RPV, the most severe strain carried by aphids Bird cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi , RMV Rhopalosiphum maidis Pathology Image BDDV symptoms in wheat.jpg right thumb 160px Wheat plants dwarfed after infection with BYDV. When aphids feed on the phloem of the leaf, the virus is transmitted to the phloem cells. Once inside the plant, the virus begins to replicate and assemble new virons. This process requires significant metabolic input from the plant, and causes the symptoms of barley yellow dwarf disease. The symptoms of barley yellow dwarf vary ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 444042332 Reference ref http pmep.cce.cornell.edu profiles extoxnet metiram propoxur pendimethalin ext.html EXTOXNET ref ImageFile pendimethalin.png ImageSize IUPACName 3,4 Dimethyl 2,6 dinitro N pentan 3 yl aniline OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 40487 42 1 PubChem 38479 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C11019 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII VL6L14C06U SMILES CCC CC NC1 C C C C C1 N O O C C N O O Section2 Chembox Properties C 13 H 19 N 3 O 4 Appearance Density 1.17 g cm MeltingPt 47 58 C BoilingPtC 330 Solubility 0.275 ppm Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Pendimethalin is an herbicide used in premergence and postemergence applications to control annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. It inhibits cell division and cell elongation. Pendimethalin is listed in the K1 group according to the HRAC classification and is approved in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Oceania for different crops including cereals wheat, barley, rye, triticale , corn, soybeans, rice, potato, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts as well as lawns and ornamental plants. Use Pendimethalin protects crops like wheat, corn, soybeans potatoes, cabbage, peas, carrots and asparagus. It is used to control annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds which interfere with growth, development, yield and quality of agricultural and horticultural crops by competing on nutrients, water and light. In areas where weed infestation is particularly high, yield losses can render wheat production economically unviable. ref Clarke, Wynn, Twinning, Berry, Cook, Ellis and Gladders Pesticide availability for cereals and oilseeds following revision of Directive 91 414 EEC effects of losses and new research priorities. In HGCA Research Review. Nr. 70, 2009. ref In addition to wheat, a large number of crops are grown in Europe that are a relatively small percentage of total agricultural output. Herbicide opti ... more details
This is a list of annual world production . Bold number is a list of countries producing commodity Cement List of countries by cement production 3,325,000,000 tons in 2010 Motor vehicle List of countries by motor vehicle production 77,609,901 in 2010 Plant Aquatic plants Fishing by country Aquatic plants 16,095,775 tons in 2005 Cork material Cork material Sources 300,000 tons Cereal class wikitable sortable collapsible border 1 Production in ton s. Name Production Year Note Maize Maize Quantity 817,110,509 2008 Rice Rice Production 685,000,000 2008 Wheat International wheat production statistics 681,900,000 2009 Barley Barley Production 136,000,000 2007 Sorghum Cereal Production 63,000,000 2007 Millet Millet Production 31,875,597 2007 Oat Oat Cultivation 24,600,000 2005 Rye Rye Production and consumption statistics 13,300,000 2005 Triticale Triticale Conventional breeding approaches 13,500,000 2005 Buckwheat Buckwheat Present day production 2,083,925 2007 Fonio Cereal Production 370,000 2007 Quinoa Quinoa History and culture 58,400 2005 Vegetable class wikitable sortable collapsible border 1 Production in ton s. Name Production Year Note Potato Potato Role in world food supply 315,000,000 2006 Soybean Soybean Cultivation 230,900,000 2008 Tomatoes Tomatoes Cultivation 129,649,883 2008 Sweet potato Sweet potato Cultivation 106,500,000 2009 Onion Onion Production trends 72,348,213 2008 Yam vegetable Yam Yam vegetable 50,000,000 2008 Eggplant Eggplant Statistics 35,326,379 2009 Beans Beans Production 25,660,564 2008 Dry Bean and green bean Lettuce Lettuce Production 23,550,943 2007 Broccoli Broccoli Production 19,107,751 2008 Garlic Garlic Production trends 15,686,310 2008 Ginger Ginger Production trends 1,387,445 2008 List of culinary fruits Fruit class wikitable sortable collapsible border 1 Production in ton s. Name Production Year Note Orange fruit Orange fruit Production 68,500,000 2008 Grape Grape Distribution and production 67,221,000 2009 Apple Apple Commerce 64 ... more details
plant breeding. For example, Triticale is the hybrid of wheat Triticum turgidum and rye Secale cereale ... polyploidization, the hybrid becomes fertile and can thus be further propagated to become triticale ... , Pelargonium Hexaploid crops chrysanthemum , bread wheat , triticale , oat , kiwifruit ref name ... species. Precisely it is the result of multiplying the chromosome number in an F1 hybrid. Triticale ... more details
to render infertile hybrids fertile, for example in breeding triticaletriticale Triticosecale ... diploid, with their triploid hybrid infertile treatment of triploid triticale with colchicine gives fertile hexaploid triticale. When used to induce polyploidy in plants, colchicine cream is usually applied ... more details
Rye date year 2006 url http www.agr.gov.sk.ca level 4.asp?lev 4&cat 77 accessdate 2007 05 20 ref TriticaleTriticale is a manmade crop for growing in tolerate drought prone areas. It was produced by breeding ... first author link last2 first2 author2 link title Triticale date year url http www1.agric.gov.ab.ca ... first author link last2 first2 author2 link title Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food Triticale ... more details
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