lowercase two other uses the Unix command Unix s means of representing points in timeUnixtime the Unix function call time.h code time code is a command in the Unix operating systems. It is used to determine the duration of execution of a particular command computing command . Usage To use the command, simply precede any command by the word code time code , such as source lang bash time ls source When the command completes, code time code will report how long it took to execute the code ls code command in terms of user CPU time , system CPU time, and real time. The output format varies between .... See also List of Unix programs System timeUnixtime Cron process for scheduling jobs to run at a particular time. References man cu time SUS time a simple command man 1 time Linux time a simple command or give resource usage GNU unix commands unix stub Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ar ca TimeUnix de TimeUnix it TimeUnix la Time programma hu TimeUnix ja TimeUNIX pl TimeUnix pt TimeUnix ru TimeUnix tr Timeunix ... bash time host wikipedia.org wikipedia.org has address 207.142.131.235 0.000u 0.000s 0 00.17 0.0 0 0k 0 0io 0pf 0w source time 1 can exist as a standalone program such as GNU time or as a Unix shell shell builtin e.g. in tcsh or in zsh . User Time vs System Time The term user CPU time can be a bit misleading at first. To be clear, the total time real CPU time is the combination of the amount of time the CPU spends performing some action for a program and the amount of time the CPU spends performing ... loops through an array, it is accumulating user CPU time. Conversely, when a program executes a system call such as code exec code or code fork code , it is accumulating system CPU time. Method of operation According to the source code of the GNU implementation of code time code , most information shown by code time code is derived from the code wait3 code system call. On systems that do not have ... more details
Image 1000000000seconds.jpg right thumb 220px Unixtime passed 1,000,000,000 seconds in 2001 09 09T01 ... 46 40 local time . Unixtime , or POSIX time , is a system for describing points in time , defined ... are Coordinated Universal Time UTC . Unixtime may be checked on some Unix systems by typing tt date ... time U ISO 8601 time Y m d H i s Z br small Above, the Unixtime when this page was last generated small On September 9, 2001, at exactly 01 46 40 UTC the decimal representation of Unixtime was equal ... web title Unixtime facts & trivia UnixTime . Info url http unixtime.info facts.html 100503 unixtime.info ref On February 13, 2009, at exactly 23 31 30 UTC the decimal representation of Unixtime ... tol news tech and web article5727189.ece title At the third stroke, the Unixtime ... Two layers of encoding make up Unixtime. These can usefully be separated. The first layer encodes ... or in another form. Encoding time as a number Modern Unixtime is based strictly on Coordinated Universal ... with the Earth s rotation. The Unix Epoch reference date epoch is the time 00 00 00 UTC on 1 January ... time number is zero at the Unix epoch, and increases by exactly 86 400 per day since the epoch. Thus 2004 09 16T00 00 00Z, 12 677 days after the epoch, is represented by the Unixtime number ... by the Unixtime number 4 472 86 400 386 380 800. Within each day, the Unix ... midnight on the day in the example above, is represented by the Unixtime number 1 095 292 ... UTC day, of duration 86 400 s, the Unixtime number changes in a continuous function ... representations progress like this class wikitable style text align left Unixtime across midnight on a normal UTC day International Atomic Time TAI Coordinated Universal Time UTC Unixtime 2004 ... time number. The Unixtime number increases by exactly 86 400 each day, regardless of how ... a leap second is inserted which has occurred on average once every year and a half , the Unixtime number ... more details
of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ...Other uses AT disambiguation lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system timetime in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31 sup st sup and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software daemon , code atd code ... at their scheduled time on behalf of code at code . Using the code batch code command instead of code ... more details
to other hardware. Today s Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T ... . Unix was designed to be porting portable , computer multitasking multi tasking and multi user in a time ... web first Dennis M. last Ritchie title The Evolution of the UnixTime sharing System url http cm.bell ... 20 machine. This led to some financial support from Bell. For the first time in 1970, the Unix operating ... accessdate 2009 04 09 page 9 ref In May 1975 DARPA ARPA documented the benefits of the Unixtime sharing ... VAX system. By this time, over 600 machines were running Unix in some form. Version 7 Unix , the last ... problem Unix stores system time values as the number of seconds from midnight January 1, 1970 the Unix ... 19, 2038 on 32 bit Unix systems, the current time will roll over from a zero followed by 31 ... before 1970 are rarely represented in Unixtime , one possible solution that is compatible with existing ... that computes time differences. Some Unix versions have already addressed this. For example, in Solaris ... 1993, Novell , the company that owned the rights to the Unix System V source at the time, transferred ... Reflist 2 Refbegin Ritchie, D.M. Thompson, K., The UNIXTime Sharing System The Bell System ... Unix.org http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr hist.html The Evolution of the UnixTime sharing System ...Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software Distribution BSD family ... & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 programmed in C programming ... Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer multitasking multitasking ... , Dennis Ritchie , Brian Kernighan , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . The Unix operating system ... consortium, owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub ru As ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 lowercase timex is a Unix utility tool, most commonly used in the measurement of duration of shell processes. It is also used to measure process data and system activity. The tool appears in IBM s AIX operating system AIX version of Unix and the Solaris Operating System from Sun Microsystems. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.llnl.gov computing tutorials performance tools man timex.txt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory s copy of the AIX timex man page. http docs.sun.com app docs doc 816 5165 timex 1?l en&a view&q timex timex time a command report process data and system activity Solaris Operating System Solaris Manual page Unix man page unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software unix stub pl Timex Unix ... more details
Labs such as PWB UNIX and Multi Environment Real Time MERT whose code base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little used until Version 8 Unix , but has been retcon retroactively ... called simply UNIX in caps or the UNIXTime Sharing System. Because both the early versions and the last ... Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the Unix manual manual that describes them. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x or V x Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix excepting implementations from scratch like Coherent operating system Coherent , Minix , and Linux , usually referred to as Unix like derive from the 7th Edition. Versions class wikitable Manual Edition Release date Description 1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time. Unix was actually 2 years old at the time and had ... http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr hist.html The Evolution of the UnixTime sharing System by Dennis ...Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Bell Unix Research Unix is a term used to refer to versions of the Unix ... to as Department 1127 . History The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical ... at the time was 10, according to the preface of the manual. 3rd Edition Feb. 1973 Introduced the C programming language C programming language and Unix pipe pipes total number of installations was 16. 4th Edition Nov. 1973 First Unix written in C programming language C . It also introduced Group identifier Unix groups . Number of installations was listed as above 20 . The manual was formatted with troff for the first time. 5th Edition Jun. 1974 Introduced the sticky bit installations above 50 . Version 6 Unix 6th Edition May 1975 First Unix to see widespread distribution outside ... UNIX, a cut down v6 for the low end PDP 11 10. Version 7 Unix 7th Edition Jan. 1979 The ancestor of all ... more details
Infobox OS name INTERACTIVE UNIX developer INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation family Unix source model Closed source latest release version 4.1.1 kernel type Monolithic kernel working state End of life product End of life website http www.sun.com software ius Interactive UNIX Systems INTERACTIVE UNIX System V 386 is a porting port of the UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 processors. The system was first released by INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation ISC as 386 ix in 1985. At that time it was based on System V.3.0. Later versions were based on System V.3.2. Sun Microsystems acquired ISC in 1992 from its parent Eastman Kodak the last version was System V 386 Release 3.2 Version 4.1.1 released in July 1998. Official support ended in July 2006, 5 years after Sun withdrew the product from sale. Image Iusdisk.jpg 200px thumb left INTERACTIVE UNIX 5 inch floppy disk s Until version ISA 3.0.1, INTERACTIVE UNIX supported only 16 megabyte MB of random access memory RAM . In the next versions, it supported 256MB RAM and Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI bus. EISA versions always support 256MB RAM. Unix like Category System V de Interactive Unix pt Interactive Unix ru Interactive Unix ... more details
Unix International or UI was an association created in 1988 to promote open standards, especially the Unix operating system . Its most notable members were AT&T and Sun Microsystems , and in fact the commonly accepted reason for its existence was as a counterbalance to the Open Software Foundation OSF , itself created in response to AT&T s and Sun s Unix partnership of that time. UI and OSF thus represented the two sides of the Unix Wars in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In May 1993, the major members of both UI and OSF announced the Common Open Software Environment COSE initiative. This was followed by the merging of UI and OSF into a new OSF in March 1994, which in turn merged with X Open in 1996, forming The Open Group . References http www.groklaw.net article.php?story 20050601125916588 Chapter 11. OSF and UNIX International Peter H. Salus , The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin http groups.google.com group comp.unix.osf.misc msg 4ebc895ff10823f1 UI OSF merger announcements org stub Category Standards organizations Category Unix history cs Unix International es Unix International ko ja UNIX International pt Unix International ru Unix International ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Image Unix history.svg thumb 450px Unix genealogy tree The Unix wars were the struggles between vendor s of the Unix computer operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s to set the standard for Unix thenceforth. Origins In the mid 1980s, the two common versions of Unix were BSD , from the University of California, Berkeley , and UNIX System V System V , from AT&T . Both were derived from the earlier Version 7 Unix , but had diverged considerably. Further, each vendor s version of Unix was different to some degree. A group of vendors formed the X Open open standard ... s. They chose to base their system on Unix. X Open caught AT&T s attention. To increase the uniformity of Unix, AT&T and leading BSD Unix vendor Sun Microsystems started work in 1987 on a unified system ... Laboratory s System V environment for BSD Unix. This was eventually released as System V Release 4 SVR4 . While this decision was applauded by customers and the trade press, certain other Unix licensees .... The same year, AT&T and another group of licensees responded by forming UNIX International . Technical ... versions of Unix, with X Open holding the middle ground. The move towards open source code In March ..., effectively marking the end of the most significant era of the Unix wars. In June, AT&T sold its UNIX assets to Novell , and in October Novell transferred the Unix brand to X Open. In 1996, X Open and the new OSF merged to form the Open Group . COSE work such as the Single UNIX Specification , the current standard for branded Unix, is now the responsibility of the Open Group. However, the damage to Unix s market reputation had been done. Since then, occasional bursts of Unix factionalism have broken ... Caldera . The Berkeley Software Distribution emerged as an independent Unix like operating system, with the purging of code copyrighted by AT&T, in the period 1989 1994. During this time various open ... based on this combination. Linux derivatives are not compatible enough to qualify for the Unix ... more details
by The Linux Information Project LINFO http www.levenez.com unixUNIX history a history time ...Image Unix history simple.svg thumb Diagram of the relationships between the major Unix like systems A Unix like sometimes shortened to UN X or nix to circumvent Unix Branding trademark issues operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification . There is no Technical standard ... a given OS is Unix like . The term can include free and open source software free and open source operating systems inspired by Bell Labs Unix or designed to emulate its features, commercial and proprietary work alikes, and even versions based on the software license licensed UNIX source code which may be sufficiently Unix like to pass certification and bear the UNIX trademark . Free and open ... Unix like and the UNIX trademark The Open Group owns the UNIX trademark and administers the Single UNIX Specification, with the UNIX name being used as a certification mark . They do not approve of the construction Unix like , and consider it a misuse of their trademark. Their guidelines require UNIX to be presented in uppercase or otherwise distinguished from the surrounding text, strongly encourage ... Group. ref Other parties frequently treat Unix as a genericized trademark . Some add a wildcard ... 22 author Eric S. Raymond coauthors Guy L. Steele Jr. work The Jargon File ref or nix , since Unix like systems often have Unix like names such as AIX operating system AIX , HP UX , IRIX , Linux , Minix ... recognized to refer to any UNIX descendant or work alike system, even those with completely ... legal battle between Wayne R. Gray and Open Group that centers on the use of UNIX as a trademark ... ref Categories Dennis Ritchie , one of the original creators of Unix, has expressed his opinion that Unix like systems such as Linux are de facto Unix systems. ref http www.linuxfocus.org English July1999 ... more details
lowercase esh Unix Infobox Software name easy shell logo screenshot caption collapsible author developer released latest release version latest release date latest preview version latest preview date programming language Lisp programming language Lisp like operating system Unix like platform size language English status genre Unix shell license website The easy shell esh is a simple and lightweight Unix shell for Unix like computer operating systems . Its syntax deviates completely from that of traditional shells, using instead a Lisp programming language Lisp like syntax. Shell script s written for the easy shell tend to have a smaller code size than their traditional shell equivalents, and at the same time provides for a small memory footprint while remaining flexible and programmable. ref http olympus.het.brown.edu cgi bin dwww?type file&location usr share doc esh esh.html SEC1 esh documentation ref See also Scsh Comparison of command shells Command line interface References reflist Unix stub Unix Shells Category Unix shells Category Lisp programming language family el Esh Unix ... more details
lowercase In most Unix like operating systems , the code ps code program displays the currently running process computing processes . A related Unix utility named Top Unix top provides a real time view of the running processes. The code ps code command is analogous to the Microsoft Windows code tasklist code command. In Windows PowerShell , code ps code is a predefined Alias command command alias for the code Get Process code cmdlet which basically serves the same purpose. Examples For example source lang bash ps PID TTY TIME CMD 7431 pts 0 00 00 00 su 7434 pts 0 00 00 00 bash 18585 pts 0 00 00 00 ps source Users can also utilize the tt ps tt command in conjunction with the code grep code see the tt pgrep tt and tt pkill tt commands command to find information about one process, such as its process id source lang bash Trying to find the PID of firefox bin which is 2701 ps A grep firefox bin 2701 ? 22 16 04 firefox bin source and the easier version with tt pgrep tt source lang bash pgrep l firefox bin 2701 firefox bin source To see every process running as root real & effective ID in user format source lang bash ps U root u root u USER PID CPU MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND ... s that support the Single UNIX Specification SUS and POSIX standards, ps commonly runs with the options ... about the process including all parameters. See also code top Unix top code code pstree Unix pstree code code pgrep code code kill command kill code List of Unix programs External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 009695399 utilities ps.html ps Specification from the Single Unix Specification ... using ps command man 1 ps report a snapshot of the current processes unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software bg Ps Unix ca Ps UNIX cs Ps Unix de Ps Unix el Ps Unix es Ps Unix fa Ps fr Ps Unix ko Ps it Ps Unix ka Ps hu Ps Unix nl Ps Unix ja Ps UNIX pl Ps Unix pt Ps Unix ru Ps uk Ps ... more details
competitive Unix workstation market of the early 1990s. The A3000UX s price tag of approximately 7,000 Fact date August 2008 was also not very attractive compared to other Unix workstations at the time ... of its RISC based competitors. Fact date August 2008 Unlike typical commercial Unix distributions of the time, Amiga Unix included the source code to the vendor specific enhancements and platform ...Original research date August 2008 Infobox OS name Amiga UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. family UNIXUnix System V System V R4 source model primarily closed source latest release version 2.01 latest release date 1992 kernel type Monolithic kernel Monolithic ... Motorola 68030 Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. , in 1990, did a full port of AT&T Unix System V Unix System V Release 4 for the Amiga computer family in addition to the proprietary AmigaOS ... 3000UX , Commodore s Unix was one of the first ports of SVR4 to the 68k architecture. The Amiga ... date June 2007 Unlike Apple Computer Apple s A UX , Amiga Unix contained no compatibility layer to allow AmigaOS applications to run under Unix. With few native applications available to take ... license terms as the binary part of the system it was open source but not free software . Amiga Unix ... Window System , and included their source code. Like many other Unix variants with small market shares, Amiga Unix vanished into the mists of computer history when its vendor, Commodore, went out of business. Today, Unix like operating systems such as Minix , NetBSD , and Linux are available for the Amiga platform, but the commercial and AT&T licensed Amiga Unix has not been revived. External links ... The Very Unofficial Commodore Amiga Unix AMIX Wiki Unix like AmigaOS Amiga hardware Category Amiga Category System V Category Discontinued operating systems unix stub de AMIX es Amiga Unix it Amiga Unix pl Amiga Unix ru Amiga UNIX ... more details
lowercase Infobox Software name most logo screenshot caption developer John E. Davis latest release version 5.0.0a latest release date 9 September 2007 operating system Cross platform genre system utility license GNU General Public License GPL website http www.jedsoft.org most http www.jedsoft.org most code most code is a terminal pager Computer program program on Unix , OpenVMS , Microsoft Windows Windows and Unix like systems used to view but not change the contents of a text file one screen at a time. Programs of this sort are called Terminal pager pagers ref http foldoc.org ?pager foldoc.org ?pager ref . It is similar to code more command more code , but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file. Unlike most Unix pagers, code most code can scroll left and right and supports multiple windows ref http www.jedsoft.org most index.html ref . See also pg Unix more Unix less Unix References reflist External links http www.jedsoft.org most index.html The MOST pager Home Page http linux.die.net man 1 most manpage for most unix stub unix commands Category Terminal pagers ... more details
The Unix philosophy is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to developing computer software software based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system . McIlroy A Quarter Century of Unix Douglas McIlroy Doug McIlroy , the inventor of Pipeline UnixUnix pipes and one of the founders of the Unix tradition, summarized the philosophy as follows ref http www.faqs.org docs artu ch01s06.html Basics of the Unix Philosophy ref quote This is the Unix philosophy Write ... book The Art of Unix Programming , ref cite book title The Art of Unix Programming first Eric ... url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html accessdate 2009 02 09 ref summarizes the Unix philosophy as the widely used KISS Principle of Keep it Simple, Stupid . ref cite book title The Art of Unix ... publisher Addison Wesley url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html chapter The Unix Philosophy in One ... of Unix Programming first Eric last Raymond authorlink Eric S. Raymond date 19 September 2003 isbn ... of the Unix Philosophy chapterurl http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html ch01s06.html id2878263 ... of Repair When you must fail, fail noisily and as soon as possible. Rule of Economy Programmer time is expensive conserve it in preference to machine time. Rule of Generative programming Generation Avoid ... sooner than you think. Mike Gancarz The UNIX Philosophy In 1994 Mike Gancarz a member of the team that designed the X Window System , drew on his own experience with Unix, as well as discussions with fellow programmers and people in other fields who depended on Unix, to produce The UNIX Philosophy .... Avoid captive user interfaces. Make every program a Filter Unix filter . Worse is better Main Worse is better Richard P. Gabriel suggests that a key advantage of Unix was that it embodied a design ... he questions the quality of some results. For example, in the early days Unix was a monolithic ..., then what should be done? Should the signal be delayed, possibly for a long time maybe indefinitely ... more details
Refimprove date July 2008 A Unix architecture is a computer operating system system architecture that embodies the Unix philosophy . It may adhere to standards such as the Single UNIX Specification SUS or similar POSIX Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE standard. No single published standard describes all Unix architecture computer operating systems this is in part a legacy of the Unix wars . Description There are many systems which are Unix like in their architecture. Notable among these are the Linux GNU Linux distributions. The distinctions between Unix and Unix like systems have been the subject of heated Timeline of SCO Linux controversies legal battles , and the holders of the UNIX brand, The Open Group , object to Unix like and similar terms. For distinctions between SUS branded UNIX architectures and other similar architectures, see Unix like . Kernel A Unix kernel computer science kernel &mdash the core or key components of the operating system &mdash consists of many kernel subsystems like Process management computing process management , memory management , file management, device management and network management . Each of the subsystems has some features Concurrency computer science Concurrency As Unix is a multiprocessing OS, many processes run concurrently to improve the performance of the system. Virtual memory VM Memory management subsystem implements ... of the Unix architecture concept are Unix systems use a centralized operating system Kernel ... into separate, kernel managed processes. Unix systems are preemptively multitasking multiple processes can run at the same time, or within small time slices and nearly at the same time, and any ... as everything s a file . The UNIX operating system supports the following features and capabilities ref http technet.microsoft.com en us library bb496993.aspx Functional Comparison of UNIX ... or inetd. See also Architecture of Windows NT References reflist Category UnixUnix stub ... more details
lowercase The tt lp tt command is used on many Unix like systems to assign jobs to printer queues. The name derives from lineprinter l ine p rinter , though it has become the commonly used command for any sort of printer. The command originally appeared as part of the System V printing system , and for some time served as a shibboleth to distinguish between SysV and Berkeley Software Distribution BSD systems. tt lp tt is the standard name for the UNIX System V System V printing system printer command. The Common Unix Printing System , used on Linux and Mac OS X among other systems, uses tt lp tt as the primary program for job assignment. The LPRng project provides tt lp tt as a simple wrapper to the tt lpr tt command. Plan 9 from Bell Labs uses a command called tt lp tt for printing, though its functionality is somewhat different and simplified from the System V version. It is actually written as an rc shell script. See also lpr print command External links http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 lp.1.php The program s manpage as implemented on CUPS systems unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities hu Lp Unix pl Lp Unix ru Lp ... more details
Infobox OS name Tru64 UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , Hewlett ... DEC Alpha ui Command line interface family Unix released release date and age 1992 1 latest release ... Proprietary website http h30097.www3.hp.com Tru64 UNIX Software Tru64 UNIX is a 64 bit UNIX operating ... HP . Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq , and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , where it was known as Digital UNIX formerly DEC OSF 1 AXP . As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF 1 operating system. DEC s previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD . It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University . Other UNIX implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are NeXTSTEP , MkLinux , and Mac OS X . Tru64 UNIX requires the System Reference ... right A Digital UNIX key chain. The other side says, CALIFORNIA Y W8 4 HP The Migration State In 1988, during the so called Unix wars , DEC joined with IBM , Hewlett Packard , and others to form the Open Software Foundation OSF to develop a version of Unix. Dubbed OSF 1, the aim was to compete with UNIX System V System V Release 4 from AT&T and Sun Microsystems , and it has been argued that a primary ... Salus, Peter H. title A Quarter Century of UNIX publisher Addison Wesley Pub. Co location Reading ... 2008 . Digital also strongly promoted OSF 1 for real time computing real time applications Citation needed date April 2008 , and with traditional UNIX implementations at the time providing poor real time support at best, the real time and Thread computer science multi threading support was heavily dependent ... release to provide Unix compatibility. OSF 1 was envisaged to be the third major branch of the Unix ... 64 bit operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. From OSF 1 AXP V2.0 onwards, UNIX System V compatibility was also integrated into the system. Other vendors HP ... more details
Bell Unix PWB UNIX for Programmer s Workbench was an early version of the Unix operating system . Prior to 1976 Unix development at AT&T was done by a small group of researchers in the Bell Labs Computer Science Research Group Department 1127 . But as word of the usefulness of Unix spread throughout the company the decision was made to develop a version of Unix tailored to support programmer s doing production work, not research. The Programmer s Workbench was started in 1973 ref name Mashey John R. Mashey 2004 . http queue.acm.org detail.cfm?id 1039532 Languages, Levels, Libraries, and Longevity . ACM Queue 2 9 . ref by Evan Ivie and Rudd Canaday to support a computer center for a 1000 employee Bell Labs division, which would be the largest Unix site for several years to come. PWB UNIX was to provide tools for teams of programmers to manage their source code and collaborate on projects with other team members. While the PWB group managed their source on Unix systems, programs were often written to run on other legacy operating systems. For this reason, PWB included software for Batch processing submitting jobs to IBM System 370 , UNIVAC 1100 series, and XDS SDS Sigma 5 Sigma 5 computers. In 1978 it was documented that PWB supported a user community of about 1,100 users in the Business Information Systems Programs BISP group in Bell Labs. There were two major releases of Programmer s Workbench. PWB UNIX 1.0, released July 1, 1977 was based on Version 6 Unix PWB 2.0 was based on Version 7 Unix . Most of PWB UNIX was later incorporated in the commercial UNIX System III and UNIX ... not written specifically for PWB, were available outside of Bell Labs for the first time in the PWB ... CACM article about PWB PDF file http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr unixad.html Unix ad mentioning ... Distributions usdl PWB distributions , from the Ancient UNIX Archive Unix like Category Unix ja PWB UNIX ... more details
Image 1000000000seconds.jpg right thumb 220px 1000000000 seconds parties were held around the world on the day in question. The Unix billennium is the point in time represented by a Unix time value of 10 sup 9 sup 01 46 40 UTC on September 9, 2001. Some programs which stored timestamps using a text representation encountered sorting errors, as in a text sort times after the turnover, starting with a 1 digit, erroneously sorted before earlier times starting with a 9 digit. Affected programs included the popular usenet reader KNode and e mail client KMail , part of the KDE desktop environment. Such bugs were generally cosmetic in nature and quickly fixed once problems became apparent. The problem also affected many Filtrix document format filters provided with Linux versions of WordPerfect a patch was created by the user community to solve this problem, since Corel no longer sold or supported that version of the program. http linuxmafia.com wpfaq problems.html FITRIX that link looks like a typo, but FITRIX is correct copy and pasted The Unix Billennium is sometimes described as 10 sup 9 sup seconds after the Unix epoch . This is not quite correct, because Unix time is not a purely linear count of seconds 10 sup 9 sup non leap seconds after the Unix epoch would be a more accurate description. The name is a portmanteau of Billion word billion and millennium , recalling the year 2000 bug . External links http www.electromagnetic.net press releases unixonebln.php UNIX Approaches its One Billion Second Milestone http catless.ncl.ac.uk Risks 21.69.html subj7 Billion seconds bug report on Risks Digest DEFAULTSORT Unix Billennium Category Unix Category 2001 in computer science Category Time formatting and storage bugs ko 10 ja 2001 9 9 ... more details
of the init Unix init process. tt s tt , default show only name, terminal, and time details tt ...lowercase title who Unix The standard Unix command tt who tt displays a list of users who are currently logged into a computer. The tt who tt command is related to the command tt W Unix w tt , which provides the same information but also displays additional data and statistics. Specification The Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that tt who tt should list information about accessible users. The X Open System Interfaces Extension XSI extension also specifies that the data of the username, terminal, login time, process ID, and time since last activity occurred on the terminal, furthermore, an alternate system database used for user information can be specified as an optional argument to tt who tt . The command can be invoked with the arguments tt am i tt or tt am I tt so it is invoked as tt who am i tt or tt am I tt , showing information about the current terminal only see the command tt tty Unix tty tt and the tt m tt option below, of which this invocation is equivalent . Usage The SUS ... information with the b, d, l, p, r, t, T and u. tt b tt , show time when system was last rebooted tt ... format see note in Examples section tt u tt , show idle time XSI shows users logged in and displays information whether the terminal has been used recently or not Other Unix and Unix like operating ... considerably among Unix implementations. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 009695399 utilities who.html who specification from the Single Unix Specification ... GNU coreutils http www.openbsd.org cgi bin man.cgi?query who who manual page from OpenBSD unix commands Category Unix user management and support related utilities Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Who Unix de Who Unix el Who Unix es Who Unix fr Who Unix ko Who hu Who Unix ja Who UNIX pl Who Unix ro Who Unix ru Who wuu WHO ... more details
lowercase sleep is a Unix command line program that sleep operating system suspends program execution for a specified period of time. The sleep instruction suspends the calling process computing process for at least the specified number of seconds the default , minutes, hours or days. Usage source lang bash sleep number suffix ... or sleep option source Where number is a required floating point number, and suffix is an optional suffix to indicate the time period. Suffix s seconds m minutes h hours d days Options help display this help and exit version output version information and exit Examples source lang bash sleep 5 source Causes the current terminal session to wait 5 seconds. The default unit is seconds. source lang bash sleep 5h source Causes the current terminal session to wait 5 hours source lang bash sleep 3h mplayer foo.mp3 source Wait 3 hours then play foo.mp3 Note that tt sleep 5h30m tt and tt sleep 5h 30m tt are illegal since sleep takes only one value and unit as argument. However, tt sleep 5.5h tt is allowed. Consecutive executions of sleep can also be used. source lang bash sleep 5h sleep 30m source Sleep 5 hours, then sleep another 30 minutes. Linux implementation of sleep allows to pass multiple arguments, therefore tt sleep 5h 30m tt will work on this system note that a space separating hours and minutes is needed . Possible uses for tt sleep tt include scheduling tasks and delaying execution to allow a process to start. See also Sleep operating system External links man 1 sleep delay for a specified amount of timeunix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software cs Sleep fr Sleep Unix hu Sleep Unix ja Sleep UNIX pl Sleep Unix pt Sleep Unix ru Sleep uk Sleep ... more details
. See also System time List of Unix programs External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 009695399 utilities touch.html touch specification from the Single Unix Specification http www.flos freeware.ch ...lowercase title touch Unix touch is a standard Unix computer program program used to change a computer file file s access and modification system time timestamps . It is also used to create a new empty file. History A touch utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. The version of tt touch tt bundled in GNU ... David MacKenzie Specification The Single Unix Specification SUS specifies that tt touch tt should ..., tt touch tt uses the current time. Usage The SUS mandates the following options tt a tt , change the access time only tt c tt , if the file does not exist, do not create it and do not report this condition tt m tt , change the modification time only tt r file tt , use the access and modification times of tt file tt tt t time tt , use the time specified in the format below to update the access and modification times The time is specified in the format cc yy MMDDhhmm .ss where MM specifies .... Note that if invoked without these options, the standard specifies that the current date and time ... Unix and Unix like operating systems may add extra options. For example, GNU tt touch tt adds a tt d tt option, which enables time input in formats other than that specified. Examples The simplest ... of myfile.txt it just updates the timestamp of the file to the computer s current date and time, whatever ... succeeds. Here s how to change the date and time of a file. source lang bash touch t 200701310846.26 ... The above three are equivalent they will change the date and time of index.html to January 31, 2007 ... operating systems Programs that perform similar operations as the Unix code touch code utility ... GNU coreutils http www.openbsd.org cgi bin man.cgi?query touch touch manual page from OpenBSD unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Touch Unix de Touch Unix ... more details
lowercase title watch Unix watch is a GNU command line tool that runs the specified command computing command repeatedly and displays the output on stdout so you can watch it change over time. By default, the command is run every 2 seconds, although this is adjustable with the code n secs code argument. Since the command is passed to code sh c code , you may need to encase it in quotes for it to run correctly. Syntax watch options command command options Example watch ps Unix ps aux grep php This will generate a list of process computing process es every 2 seconds, filter for all lines that contain the word php , and display the results on the screen. The output might look something like this Every 2s ps aux grep php Tue Jan 30 14 56 33 2007 reconst 30028 0.0 0.0 7044 2596 ? S Jan23 0 00 vim r core html api.php cinonet 28009 0.0 0.2 20708 11064 ? SN Jan25 0 30 php5.cgi donoiz 23810 0.0 0.2 22740 10996 ? SN Jan27 0 30 php.cgi 43 pdf The watch command is useful for viewing changes over time, like repeatedly running the code ls l code command to watch a file s size change, or running code ps code as in the above example to monitor certain processes continuously. Arguments code d code Highlights differences between iterations code h code Displays a help message, then exits code n secs code Specifies the interval between executions of the command in seconds code t code Tells watch not to display the header code v code Prints version information, then exits See also List of Unix commands External links man 1 watch execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen Unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software Category Standard Unix programs ca Watch Unix pl Watch Unix ru Watch uk Watch ... more details
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