Citations missing date September 2007 In theoretical computer science , the theory of computation is the branch that deals with whether and how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation , using an algorithm . The field is divided into three major branches automata theory , computability theory and computational complexity theory . ref Sipser ref In order to perform a rigorous study of computation, computer scientists work with a mathematical abstraction of computers called a model of computation. There are several models in use, but the most commonly examined is the Turing machine ... amount of memory. History main History of theory of computation The theory of computation can ... from mathematics. Some pioneers of the theory of computation were Alonzo Church , Alan Turing , Stephen Kleene , John von Neumann , Claude Shannon , and Noam Chomsky . Branches Automata theory main Automata theory Expand section date February 2011 Computability theory main Computability theory Computability theory deals primarily with the question of the extent to which a problem is solvable ... of Computation publisher Computer Science Press isbn 0 7167 8182 4 Hein, James L. 1996 Theory of Computation ... 58488 237 9 . Carl H. Smith, A recursive introduction to the theory of computation , Springer, 1994 ... giorgi cl.html Computability Logic A theory of interactive computation. The main web source on this subject. Category Theory of computation ar bs Teorija ra unanja ca Teoria ... reasonable model of computation. Citation needed date September 2010 It might seem that the potentially ... of the most important results in computability theory, as it is an example of a concrete problem ... theory builds on the halting problem result. Another important step in computability theory was Rice ... whether a Turing machine computes a partial function with that property. Computability theory is closely related to the branch of mathematical logic called recursion theory , which removes the restriction ... more details
Introduction to the Theory of Computation ISBN 0 534 95097 3 is a standard textbook in theoretical computer science , written by Michael Sipser . See also Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullman , another standard textbook in the field External links http www math.mit.edu sipser book.html Information on Introduction to the Theory of Computation by Michael Sisper Category Computer science books Category Computational complexity theory Category Theory of computation compu book stub ... more details
Multiple issues original research December 2009 unreferenced December 2009 History of computer theory basically starts with in a pure sense by Alan Turing , who devised notion of Turing machine , Turing thesis , Church Turing hypothesis . Earlier form of computer theory might ve existed before Alan Turing and others, but Turing is considered by substantial number of people today to be an important figure in pure computer theory Can it be computed or not? , but not necessarly in computing something for practical purposes Can it be computed quickly? . The goal of computer theory is to answer the question, What is computable? There are many different ways to answer the question taking into account space and time needed to compute the problem, but the central question in computer theory is What can be computed efficiently within a certain and time constraints? This tries to focus computer theory to practical purposes and applications, instead of studying about a Turing machine that takes 200 years to compute something, which isn t practical in real world. The ultimate answer from the Turing machine test is that anything can be computed by ignoring time and space. From this the area of algorithm design came about to give solutions and basically to create faster and efficient algorithm to compute a real world problem. See also Computer theory Algorithm DEFAULTSORT History Of Theory Of Computation Category Theory of computation Category History of computer science Theory Of Computation ... more details
italictitle Infobox Journal title Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation cover File Jctc cover.jpg 150 px editor William L. Jorgensen, Gustavo E. Scuseria discipline Chemistry abbreviation J. Chem. Theory Comput. publisher American Chemical Society country Flag USA frequency Monthly history 2005 present impact 4.804 impact year 2009 website http pubs.acs.org journal jctcce RSS http pubs.acs.org action showFeed?ui 0&mi qjmolc&ai 53h&jc jctcce&type etoc&feed rss CODEN jctcce ISSN 1549 9618 eISSN 1549 9626 The Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal , published since 2005 by the American Chemical Society . ref http pubs.acs.org American Chemical Society ref It is indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service CAS , Scopus , British Library , and Web of Science . The current editors are William L. Jorgensen ref http pubs.acs.org page jctcce profile.html William L. Jorgensen Editor profile ref and Gustavo E. Scuseria. ref http pubs.acs.org page jctcce profile1.html Gustavo E. Scuseria Editor profile ref According to the 2008 Journal Citation Reports , the journal has an impact factor of 4.804. ref http www.thomsonreuters.com products services scientific Journal Citation Reports Journal Citation Reports ref References Reflist Category American Chemical Society academic journals Category Chemistry journals Category Monthly journals Category English language journals Category Publications established in 2005 Category Computational chemistry Category Quantum chemistry Category Theoretical chemistry es Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation fr Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation it Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation ... more details
Infobox Book name Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation title orig translator image File Hopcroft ullman 79 cover.jpg thumb image caption Cover of the Cinderella Book 1979 edition author John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullman illustrator cover artist country USA language English language English series subject Computer science publisher Addison Wesley pub date 1979 media type Print ... to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation , among experts also known as the Cinderella Book , is an influential computer science textbook by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullman on formal language s and the theory of computation . The forerunner of this book appeared under the title Formal Languages ... D. title Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation publisher Addison Wesley edition ... last3 Ullman first3 Jeffrey D. title Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation publisher ... cover. The first edition of Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation was published ... Shallit title A Second Course in Formal Languages and Automata Theory publisher Cambridge University Press date 2008 page ix isbn 978 0 521 86572 2 See also Introduction to the Theory of Computation by Michael ... Computer science books Category Formal languages Category Automata theory Category 1979 books Category 2000 books Category 2006 books hr Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation ..., as well as for further research, that book shaped the field of automata theory for over a decade ... Motwani first2 Rajeev last3 Ullman first3 Jeffrey D. title Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation publisher Addison Wesley date 2006 edition 3rd isbn 8178083477 File Hopcroft ... with the second edition, the book features extended coverage of examples where automata theory is applied, whereas large parts of more advanced theory were taken out. While this makes the second .... The new bias away from theory is not seen positive by all As Jeffrey Shallit Shallit quotes one professor ... more details
Portal Computer Science Computing Physical information Real computation Reversible computationTheory of computation Hypercomputation Category Theoretical computer science Category Computability theory ...Computation is a general term for any type of information processing process , algorithm or measurement this often includes but is not limited to digital data. This includes phenomena ranging from human thinking to calculations with a more narrow meaning. Computation is a process following a well defined Model abstract model that is understood and can be expressed in an algorithm , Protocol computing protocol , network topology , etc. Computation is also a major subject matter of computer science it investigates what can or cannot be done in a computational manner. Wiktionary computation Classes of computationComputation can be classified by at least three orthogonal criteria digital vs analog electronics analog , sequential vs parallel computation parallel vs Concurrency computer science concurrent , batch processing batch vs interactive computation interactive . In practice, digital computation is often used to simulate natural processes for example, Evolutionary computation , including those that are more naturally described by analog models of computation for example, Artificial neural network . In this situation, it is important to distinguish between the mechanism of computation and the simulated model. Computations as a physical phenomenon A computation can be seen as a purely ... adopted by the branch of theoretical physics called the physics of computation . An even more radical point of view is the postulate of digital physics that the evolution of the universe itself is a computation Pancomputationalism. Mathematical models of computation In the theory of computation , a diversity of mathematical models of computers have been developed. Typical mathematical Model of computation ... computation has an archaic meaning from its Latin language Latin etymological roots , but the word ... more details
The study of the physics of computation relates to understanding the fundamental physical limits of computer s. This field has led to the investigation of how thermodynamics limits information processing, the understanding of chaos and dynamical systems , and a rapidly growing effort to invent new quantum computer s. See also list of publications in physics Physics of computation important publications in physics of computation See also Digital physics ComputationTheory of computation Reversible computation Hypercomputation Physical information Limits to computation Bremermann s limit References Lloyd, S., 2000, Ultimate physical limits of computation, Nature journal Nature , 406 1047 1054. Category Computational physics physics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A computation tree is a representation for the computation steps of a non deterministic Turing machine on a specified input. A computation tree graph theory tree is an acyclic graph of nodes and edges. Each node in the tree represents a single computational state, while each edge represents a transition to the next possible computation. The number of nodes of the tree is the size of the tree and the length of the path from the root to a given node is the depth of the node. The largest depth of an output node is the depth of the tree. The output nodes of the tree are called leaves. In a computation tree each output node is labeled Yes or No. If a tree, T, with an input space X, if math x in X math and the path for x ends in node labeled yes, then the input x is accepted. Else it is rejected. The depth of the computation tree for a given input is the computation time for the Turing machine on that input. One of the primary methods of showing that a computational problem L is complete complexity complete for a given complexity class C is to show that the computation tree of any algorithm in C can be directly analyzed in terms of L . DEFAULTSORT Computation Tree Category Computational complexity theory ... more details
. Theoretical Computer Science 192 1998 , pp. 315 351. Category Theory of computation Category ...In computer science , interactive computation is a mathematical model for computation that involves communication with the external world during the computation. This is in contrast to the traditional understanding of computation which assumes a simple interface between a computing agent and its environment, consisting in asking a question input and generating an answer output . The famous Church Turing thesis attempts to define computation and computability in terms of Turing machines . However the Turing machine model only provides an answer to the question of what computability of functions means and, with interactive tasks not always being reducible to functions, it fails to capture our broader intuition of computation and computability. While this fact was admitted by Alan Turing himself, it was not until recently that the theoretical computer science community realized the necessity to define adequate mathematical models of interactive computation. Among the currently studied mathematical models of computation that attempt to capture interaction are http www.csc.villanova.edu japaridz Japaridze s hard and easy play machines elaborated within the framework of computability logic , http www.cse.uconn.edu dqg Goldin s persistent Turing machines, and http research.microsoft.com gurevich Gurevich s abstract state machines. Peter Wegner has additionally done a great deal of work on this area of computer science. See also Human based computation Computability logic Game semantics Interactive programming Quasi empiricism in mathematics Quasi empiricism References and external web sources Interactive Computation The New Paradigm ISBN 354034666X. Edited by D.Goldin, S.Smolka and P.Wegner. ... dqg D.Q.Goldin , Persistent Turing Machines as a model of interactive computation . Lecture Notes ... Machines, Transition Systems, and Interaction . J. Information and Computation 194 2 2004 , pp. ... more details
lower bounds for problems are often given for a model of computation that is more restricted ... book first Maribel last Fern ndez authorlink Maribel Fern ndez title Models of Computation An Introduction to Computability Theory publisher Springer year 2009 series Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science isbn 978 1 84882 422 1 DEFAULTSORT Model Of Computation Category Theory of computation Category Models of computation Comp sci stub bg es Modelo de computaci n hr Model ra unanja ... more details
In computability theory , the theory of real computation deals with hypothetical computing machines using infinite precision real number s. They are given this name because they operate on the set of real number s. Within this theory, it is possible to prove interesting statements such as the complement of the Mandelbrot set is only partially decidable . These hypothetical computing machines can be viewed as idealised analog computer s which operate on real numbers and are differential mathematics differential , whereas digital computer s are limited to computable numbers and are algebraic . Depending on the model chosen, this may enable real computers to solve problems that are inextricable on digital computers for example, Hava Siegelmann s neural nets can have noncomputable real weights, making them able to compute nonrecursive languages , or vice versa Claude Shannon s idealized analog computer can only solve algebraic differential equations, while a digital computer can solve some transcendental equations as well. However this comparison is not entirely fair since in Claude Shannon s idealized analog computer computations are immediately done, i.e. computation is done in real time. Shannon s model can be adapted to cope with this problem . ref cite journal author O. Bournez, M. L. Campagnolo, D. S. Gra a, and E. Hainry title Polynomial differential equations compute all real computable functions on computable compact intervals journal Journal of Complexity volume 23 issue 3 pages 317 335 month Jun year 2007 doi 10.1016 j.jco.2006.12.005 ref A canonical model of computation over the reals is Blum Shub Smale machine BSS . Using real computation one can solve NP complete ... Nets url ftp ftp.cs.cuhk.hk pub neuro papers jcss1.ps.Z Category Theory of computation Category ... Computation isbn 0387982817 cite book last Campagnolo first Manuel Lameiras title Computational ... Networks and Analog Computation Beyond the Turing Limit isbn 0 8176 3949 7 authorlink Hava Siegelmann ... more details
Morphological computation may refer to Morphological computation robotics Computational linguistics disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Category Theory of computation ...There are several physical and practical limits to the amount of computation or data storage device data storage that can be performed with a given amount of mass, volume, or energy The Bekenstein bound limits the amount of information that can be stored within a spherical volume to the entropy of a black hole with the same surface area. The temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation gives a practical lower limit to the energy consumed to perform computation of approximately 4 kT per state change, where T is the temperature of the background about 3 kelvin s , and k is the Boltzmann constant . While a device could be cooled to operate below this temperature, the energy expended by the cooling would offset the benefit of the lower operating temperature . Bremermann s limit is the maximum computational speed of a self contained system in the material universe, and is based on mass energy versus quantum uncertainty constraints. Several methods have been proposed for producing computing devices or data storage devices that approach physical and practical limits A cold degenerate star could conceivably be used as a giant data storage device, by carefully perturbing it to various excited states, in the same manner as an atom or quantum well used for these purposes. Such a star would have to be artificially constructed, as no natural degenerate stars will cool to this temperature for an extremely long time. It is also possible that nucleon s on the surface of neutron star s could form complex molecules ref cite encyclopedia year title Life on neutron stars encyclopedia ... and Computation date 20041025030505 ref creating a type of computronium based on femtotechnology ... this hypothetical computation is performed at ultra high densities and speeds, the total number ... 2000 month title Ultimate physical limits to computation journal Nature journal Nature volume 406 ... more details
Indeterminancy in computation may refer to Quantum indeterminacy in quantum computer s Nondeterministic finite state machine s Nondeterministic algorithm In concurrency Indeterminacy in concurrent computation Unbounded nondeterminism disambig ... more details
computation histories for math M math on math w math this would allow us to decide math A TM math , which we know to be undecidable. Category Theory of computation ...unreferenced date October 2006 In computer science , a computation history is a sequence of steps taken by an abstract machine in the process of computing its result. Computation histories are frequently used in Mathematical proof proofs about the capabilities of certain machines, and particularly about the undecidability of various formal languages . Formally, a computation history is a normally Finite set finite sequence of configurations of a formal automaton . Each configuration fully describes the status of the machine at a particular point. To be valid, certain conditions must hold the first configuration must be a valid initial configuration of the automaton and each transition between adjacent configurations must be valid according to the transition rules of the automaton. In addition, to be complete , a computation history must be finite and the final configuration must be a valid terminal configuration of the automaton. The definitions of valid initial configuration , valid transition ... automaton has exactly one computation history for a given initial configuration, though the history ... state is an accepting state. Turing Machines Computation histories are more commonly used in reference ... results Computation histories can be used to show that certain problems for pushdown automata are undecidable . This is because the language of non accepting computation histories of a Turing ... pushdown automaton. We encode a Turing computation history math c 0,c 1,...,c n math as the string ..., and reject if not. This same trick cannot be used to recognize accepting computation histories with an NPDA ... bounded Turing machine is sufficient to recognize accepting computation histories. This result allows ... math w math , we can form the pushdown automaton math P math which accepts non accepting computation ... more details
Reverse computation is a computer software software application of the concept of reversible computing ... cite book author Von Neumann, John year 1966 title Theory of Self Reproducing Automata url http portal.acm.org ... cite journal last Bennett first Charles H. coauthors date 1982 title The thermodynamics of computation ... and Computer Science accessdate 2009 04 06 ref . The concept of reverse computation is somewhat simpler than reversible computing in that reverse computation is only required to restore the equivalent ... instructions. Reversible computing concepts have been successfully applied as reverse computation ... en Informatique et en Automatique INRIA accessdate ref Reverse Computation for Parallel Discrete .... Based on the successful application of Reverse Computation concepts in other software ... parallel simulations using reverse computation url http www.cs.uga.edu maria classes CSCI8220 ... accessdate 2009 04 06 ref suggest the application of reverse computation to reduce state saving overheads ... traditional state saving for fine grained applications those with a small amount of computation per event . The key property that reverse computation exploits is that a majority of the operations ... reversible. History of Reverse Computation as applied to Parallel Discrete Event Simulation File ... Machinery accessdate 2009 04 06 ref To date, the technique known as Reverse Computation has ... on reverse computation at the hardware level, but included descriptions of both an instruction set architecture and a high level programming language R for a processor based on reverse computation. ref ... websites of his publications on http www.cise.ufl.edu research revcomp writing.html reverse computation ... of Reverse Computation as an alternative rollback mechanism in optimistically synchronized parallel ... supported only reverse computation as the rollback mechanism. Carothers also constructed RC models ... to each event. This was the first implementation of PDES on Blue Gene using reverse computation. From ... more details
Italic title Mathematics of Computation ref http www.ams.org mcom aboutmcom.html Mathematics of Computation Journal overview , retrieved April 2007 ref is a quarterly mathematics journal focused on computational mathematics that is published by the American Mathematical Society . It was established in 1943. The articles in all volumes older than five years are available electronically free of charge. ref http www.ams.org jourcgi jrnl toolbar nav mcom all Mathematics of Computation Archive ref References reflist Category Mathematics journals Category Quarterly journals sci journal stub ... more details
Verlag 1987. Category Computability theory Category Theory of computation ...In computability theory , a function is called limit computable if it is the limit of a uniformly computable sequence of functions. The terms computable in the limit and limit recursive are also used. One can think of limit computable functions as those admitting an eventually correct computable guessing procedure at their true value. A set is limit computable just when it s characteristic function is limit computable. If the sequence is uniformly computable relative to D then the function is limit computable in D . Formal definition A total function function math r x math is limit computable if there is a total computable function math hat r x,s math such that math displaystyle hat r lim s to infty hat r x,s math The total function function math r x math is limit computable in D if there is a total function function math hat r x,s math Computable Relative Computability computable in D also satisfying math displaystyle hat r lim s to infty hat r x,s math A set of natural numbers is defined to be computable in the limit if and only if its characteristic function is computable in the limit. In contrast, the set is computable set computable if and only if it is computable in the limit by a function math phi t,i math and there is a second computable function that takes input i and returns a value of t large enough the math phi t,i math has stabilized. Limit Lemma The limit lemma states that a set of natural numbers is limit computable if and only if the set is computable from math 0 math the Turing jump of the empty set . The relativized limit lemma states that a set is limit computable in math D math if and only if it is computable from math D math . Note that the limit lemma ... cases math Now suppose that the computation math phi X z math converges in math s math steps and only ... z s 1 math math X s z X z math . If math t s math then the computation math phi X t z math converges ... more details
Pulse computation is a hybrid of digital computer digital and analog computer analog computation that uses aperiodic electrical spikes, as opposed to the Periodic function periodic voltages in a digital computer or the continuously varying voltages in on analog computer. Pulse streams are unlocked, so they can arrive at arbitrary times and can be generated by analog processes, although each spike is allocated a binary value, as it would be in a digital computer. ref citation first1 Jeffrey last1 Miller first2 Woodward last2 Young title Simple Pulse Asynchronous State Machines url http vlsi.eecs.harvard.edu techreports iscas96m.ps accessdate 2009 08 25 ref Pulse computation is primarily studied as part of the field of neural network s. The processing unit in such a network is called a neuron . References reflist Category Computational neuroscience comp sci stub ... more details
Infobox Company name Parabon Computation, Inc. company logo type Private foundation 1999 location city Reston, Virginia location country USA key people area served industry grid computing products Frontier grid computing platform Frontier Grid Platform services revenue operating income net income num employees parent divisions subsid slogan homepage http www.parabon.com Parabon Computation, Inc. is a commercial grid computing provider of platforms, tools, and services to deliver computation as a utility product. A year after its 1999 founding, the company launched its flagship product, the Frontier grid computing platform Frontier Grid Platform the first commercially available grid computing solution. Frontier grid computing platform Frontier powers some of the largest public grids including the Global Grid Exchange and the Compute Against Cancer network and is also used privately by enterprise customers in the government, commercial, academic, and non profit sectors. The company is headquartered in Reston, Virginia . External links http www.parabon.com Parabon Computation http www.globalgridexchange.com Global Grid Exchange http www.computeagainstcancer.org Compute Against Cancer Category Grid computing products Category Software companies of the United States Category Companies established in 1999 ... more details
italictitle Infobox Journal title Neural Computation cover Image neuralcomputationlowres.jpg editor Terrence J. Sejnowski discipline Neuroscience language English abbreviation Neural Comput. publisher MIT Press country United States frequency Monthly history 1989 present openaccess impact 2.175 impact year 2009 website http www.mitpressjournals.org loi neco link1 http www.mitpressjournals.org toc neco current link1 name Online access link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC 39265996 LCCN CODEN ISSN 0899 7667 eISSN 1530 888X Neural Computation is a peer reviewed academic journal covering aspects of neural computation . Articles highlight problems and techniques in modeling the brain, and in the design and construction of neurally inspired information processing systems. Neural Computation was founded in 1989 and is published online and in hard copy by the MIT Press . External links http www.mitpressjournals.org loi neco Official website sci journal stub Portal Neuroscience Category Neuroscience journals Category MIT Press academic journals Category Monthly journals Category English language journals Category Publications established in 1989 Category Academic journal stubs ... more details
about accurate manipulation of mathematical expressions simultaneous exploration of the many paths computer execution can take symbolic execution Symbolic computation or algebraic computation , relates to the use of machines , such as computers , to manipulate mathematics mathematical equation s and expressions in symbol symbolic form, as opposed to manipulating the approximations of specific numerical analysis numerical quantities represented by those symbols. Such a system might be used for symbolic symbolic integration integration or derivative differentiation , substitution of one expression into another, simplification of an expression, etc. Symbolic computation is also sometimes referred to as symbolic manipulation , symbolic processing , symbolic mathematics , or symbolic algebra , but these terms also refer to non computational manipulation. Software applications that perform symbolic calculations are called computer algebra system s. See also Automated theorem prover Computer assisted proof Proof checker Model checker Symbolic numeric computation Symbolic simulation Symbolic execution References reflist http www.risc.jku.at about editorial editorial.pdf Symbolic Computation An Editorial , Bruno Buchberger, Journal of Symbolic Computation 1985 1, pp. 1 6. http www.csd.uwo.ca watt pub reprints 2006 tc sympoly.pdf Making Computer Algebra More Symbolic Invited , Stephen M. Watt, pp. 43 49, Proc. Transgressive Computing 2006 A conference in honor or Jean Della Dora , TC 2006 , April 24 26 2006, Granada Spain. External links http www.cs.mu.oz.au schachte lpanalysis.html A Gentle Introduction to Static Analysis and Logic Programming showing an example of application of symbolic computation to perform static program analysis. http www.symbolicnet.org toc.html Information on Symbolic Computing A good site for beginners http integrals.wolfram.com Wolfram Integrator Free online symbolic integration with Mathematica http user.mendelu.cz marik maw index.php?lang en&form ... more details
for the journal Evolutionary Computation journal In computer science , evolutionary computation is a subfield of artificial intelligence more particularly computational intelligence that involves combinatorial optimization problems. Evolutionary computation uses iterative progress, such as growth or development in a population . This population is then artificial selection selected in a guided random search using parallel processing to achieve the desired end. Such processes are often inspired by biological mechanisms of evolution . As evolution can produce highly optimised processes and networks, it has many applications in computer science . Here, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithm s and artificial life started with the work of Nils Aall Barricelli in the 1960s, and was extended by Alex Fraser scientist Alex Fraser , who published a series of papers on simulation of artificial ... computation in that they generally only involve techniques implementing mechanisms inspired by biological ... have a chance to become a parent or to survive. Evolutionary computation practitioners Kalyanmoy ... Major conferences and workshops IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation CEC See also Portal box ... Fitness approximation Grammatical evolution Human based evolutionary computation Interactive evolutionary computation Mutation testing No free lunch in search and optimization Bibliography More footnotes date March 2011 K. A. De Jong, Evolutionary computation a unified approach. MIT Press , Cambridge .... Evolutionary Computation. Toward a New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence. IEEE Press, Piscataway ... optimization. Evolutionary Computation, 1 1 1 23, 1993. J. R. Koza. Genetic Programming On the Programming ... stuttgart.de fk evolalg Evolutionary Computation Repository http www.cse.dmu.ac.uk rij gafaq top.htm Hitch Hiker s Guide to Evolutionary Computation FAQ for comp.ai.genetic http www.vita sciences.org VitaSCIENCES DEFAULTSORT Evolutionary Computation Category Evolutionary computation ca Computaci ... more details
Primary sources date January 2010 italictitle Infobox journal title Information and Computation cover File Journalcover Ic.gif editor Albert R. Meyer discipline Computer Science peer reviewed language abbreviation publisher Academic Press country United States USA frequency monthly history 1957 present formerly named Information and Control openaccess license impact 1.504 impact year 2008 website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 622844 description description link1 http www.sciencedirect.com science journal 08905401 link1 name online access link2 http projects.csail.mit.edu iandc link2 name Journal homepage at Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT RSS http rss.sciencedirect.com publication science 6825 atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 0890 5401 eISSN boxwidth Information and Computation is a computer science scientific journal journal published by Elsevier Academic Press . The journal was founded in 1957 under its former name Information and Control . The editor in chief is A.R. Meyer Lab. for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA . This particular journal publishes 12 issues a year. All articles from the Information and Computation journal can be viewed on indexing services like Scopus and Science Citation Index . The 2008 Impact Factor for this journal is 1.504 and the 5 Year Impact Factor is 1.600 Journal Citiation Reports 2009, Published by Thomson Reuters . Category Computer science journals Category Elsevier academic journals Category Publications established in 1957 sci journal stub ... more details
refimprove date February 2008 Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of Mathematics of CRC polynomial division, modulo two . In practice it resembles long division of the Binary code binary message string, with a fixed number of zeroes appended, by the generator polynomial string except that exclusive OR operations replace subtractions. Division of this type is efficiently realised in hardware by a modified shift register , and in software by a series of equivalent algorithm s, starting with simple code close to the mathematics and becoming faster and arguably more obfuscated code obfuscated ref name williams93 cite web url http www.repairfaq.org filipg LINK F crc v3.html title A Painless Guide to CRC Error Detection Algorithms V3.00 accessdate 2008 02 07 last Williams first Ross N. date 1996 09 24 format HTML ref through byte wise parallelism and space time tradeoff s. Image CRC8 gen.gif thumb right 380 px Example of generating an 8 bit CRC . The generator is a Galois type LFSR shift register with xor xor gates placed according to powers white numbers of x in the generator polynomial. The message stream may be any length. After it has been shifted through the register, followed by 8 zeroes, the result in the register is the checksum. Image CRC8 rx.gif thumb 380 px Checking received data with checksum. The received message is shifted through the same register as used in the generator, but the received checksum is attached to it instead of zeroes ... convention. Parallel computation Another common optimization uses a lookup table indexed by highest ..., and the table is generated using the bit at a time code. Parallel computation without table Parallel ..., e, p uint16 t c, r, f e c d p e e 4 p p p 2 p p p 1 p p & 1 f e p 8 r c 8 f 6 f 7 f 8 Two step computation ... . To maximise computation speed an intermediate remainder can be calculated by passing the message ... 1997 01 20 title A two step computation of cyclic redundancy code CRC 32 for ATM networks journal ... more details
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