Usefularts also called technics are concerned with the skills and methods of practical subjects such as manufacture and craftsmanship. The word has now gone out of fashion, but it was used during the Victorian era and earlier as an antonym to the performing arts and the fine arts . ref George Washington used the term in a letter to Lafayette Jan. 29, 1798 . Washington distinguished commerce from usefularts by stating, While our commerce has been considerably curtailed for want of that extensive credit formerly given in Europe, and for default of remittance the usefularts have been almost imperceptibly pushed to a considerable degree of perfection. THE WRITINGS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT SOURCES, 1732 1799 Fitzpatrick ed. . Other literary sources are collected in the PTO Supp. Br., In re Bilski , p. 11 n.4 usefularts are manufacturing processes . ref The term usefulArts is used in the United States Constitution , Article One of the United States Constitution Section 8 Powers of Congress Article One, Section 8, Clause 8 which is the basis of United States patent and copyright law blockquote To promote the Progress of Science and usefulArts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries blockquote In the clause, the phrase usefulArts is meant to reference inventions, while Science ... issue of whether the claimed invention was within the usefularts. In Mayer s view this should have been dispositive, because he considered the claimed business method not to be within the usefularts. In the same case, Timothy Dyk Judge Dyk filed a concurring opinion to similar effect. ref ... for Patents? Part II The UsefulArts Requirement, IEEE MICRO Sept. Oct. 2008 available at http ... arts . In his dissenting opinion in In re Bilski , ref In re Bilski, 545 F.3d 943, 88 U.S.P.Q.2d ... 4659278&isnumber 4659262.pdf . ref References Reflist Category Arts Category Manufacturing Law term ... more details
of UsefulArts , 1854 Authors and illustrators are not credited, however Tomlinson appears ..., Charles, ed., A New Edition of Tomlinson s Cyclopaedia of UsefulArts, London & New York circa 1866 . External links http www.archive.org details cyclopdiaofuse02tomlrich Tomlinson s Cyclopaedia of UsefulArts at the internet archive. Accessed December 2011. http www.archive.org details cyclopaediaofuse01tomluoft mirror http www.amazon.co.uk Tomlinsons Cyclopaedia of UsefulArts dp 6133199687 Tomlinson s Cyclopaedia of UsefulArts published in facsimile at the Amazon.com. Accessed December 2011 ... before the days of photography, this is a useful source for images not otherwise available. Neither ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 A useful man or houseman is a male domestic worker servant ranking below a footman but above a hall boy . Unlike the footman, the useful man never enters the dining room or waits personally on the Master form of address master of the house. The term houseman should be distinguished from houseboy a male servant of lower rank. See also great house Category Domestic work job stub ... more details
The term useful Jew was used in various historical contexts, typically describing a Jew ish person useful in implementing an official authorities policy, sometimes by oppressing other Jews. In 1744, Frederick II of Prussia introduced the practice of limiting Jewish population to a small number of the most wealthy families, known as protected Jew s . ref http germanhistorydocs.ghi dc.org sub image.cfm?image id 571 Certificate Confirming Payment of Protection Money Schutzgeld for a Jewish Resident 1833 ref The first born son in such families inherited this privilege other children were considered useless by the authorities and had an alternative to either abstain from marriage or leave. ref Simon Dubnow The newest history of the Jewish people, 1789 1914 ref Following the establishment of the Pale of Settlement by Imperial Russia , only useful Jews lang ru were allowed to live outside the Pale these included Jews such as wealthy first guild merchants lang ru , persons who received higher education , cantonist s, after serving their full term in the army, and some other categories. ref How Russia Shaped the Modern World From Art to Anti Semitism, Ballet to Bolshevism by Steven G. Marks, p.142 ISBN 0691118450 ref ref http www.axt.org.uk antisem archive archive4 russia russia.htm Russia at Institute for Jewish Policy Research ref During the Holocaust in Nazism Nazi occupied Europe, the Jews who helped implement the Final Solution , such as members of Judenrat or the Judendienstordnung Jewish Police , were considered valuable Jews lang de Wertvolle Juden . They, and sometimes members of their families as well, were immune from deportation for extermination ... plan the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin were considered useful and were spared deportation. Fact date ... were colloquially known as useful Jews or pocket Jews lang ru , implying their corruption ... Useful idiot Category Antisemitism in Europe Category Social groups bg ru ... more details
Infobox film name A Useful Life image A Useful Life.jpg caption director Federico Veiroj producer Federico Veiroj writer Federico Veiroj starring Jorge Jellinek music cinematography Arauco Hern ndez Holz editing Arauco Hern ndez Holz distributor released Film date df y 2010 8 13 runtime 63 minutes country Film Uruguay language Spanish budget A Useful Life lang es La vida til is a 2010 cinema of Uruguay Uruguayan drama film directed by Federico Veiroj and shot in black and white . ref name telegraph cite web url http www.telegraph.co.uk culture 8028207 San Sebastian Film Festival.html title San Sebasti n Film Festival accessdate 2011 08 10 work Telegraph ref The film was selected as the Uruguayan entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards ref name thewrap Uruguary cite web url http www.thewrap.com awards column post oscars foreign language deadline looms 21212?page 0,10 title And the Hopefuls for Best Foreign Oscar Are ... accessdate 2010 10 10 work thewrap ref but it didn t make the final shortlist. ref name Oscar Shortlist cite web url http www.oscars.org press pressreleases 2011 20110119.html title 9 Foreign Language Films Continue to Oscar Race accessdate 2011 01 19 work oscars.org ref Cast Jorge Jellinek as Jorge Manuel Martinez Carril as Mart nez Paola Venditto as Paola Awards Istanbul Film Festival Special Jury Prize ex aequo ref name ftnnews cite web url http www.ftnnews.com news from turkey 12244 the 30th istanbul film festival concludes.html title The 30th Istanbul Film Festival Concludes accessdate 2011 08 10 work ftnnews ref Havana Film Festival New Latin American Cinema of La Havana Coral Grand Prize, Best Film ref name businessinsider cite web url http www.businessinsider.com a useful life wins 32nd havana film festival 2010 12 title A Useful Life Wins 32nd Havana Film Festival accessdate ... Useful Life Category 2010 films Category Uruguayan films Category Spanish language films Category ... more details
Other uses In political jargon , useful idiot is a pejorative term used to describe people perceived as propagandists for a cause whose goals they do not understand, who are used cynically by the leaders of the cause. The term was originally used to describe Soviet Union Soviet fellow traveller sympathizers in Western world Western countries . The implication is that although the people in question na vely thought of themselves as an ally of the Soviet Union, they were actually held in contempt and were being cynically used. The use of the term in political discourse has since been extended to other propagandists, especially those who are seen to unwittingly support a malignant cause which they naively believe to be a force for good. Origins The earliest known usage in Western media is in a 1948 article in the social democratic Italian paper L Umanita as cited in a New York Times article on Italy Italian politics of the same year. ref COMMUNIST SHIFT IS SEEN IN EUROPE Tour of Two Italian Leaders Behind Iron Curtain Held to Doom Popular Fronts , Arnold Cortesi, New York Times , June 21 ... non fiction 2798 useful idiots.html The term useful idiots has been attributed to Lenin, as a description ... University Press location New York isbn 0 19 505541 1 ref A similar term, useful innocents , is used ... usage Useful idiot is often used as a pejorative term for those who are seen to unwittingly support ... London title Fundamentally, we re useful idiots first Anthony last Browne date August 1, 2005 accessdate ... for the Soviet Union useful idiots. A 2010 BBC radio documentary lists among useful idiots of Joseph ... http www.bbc.co.uk worldservice documentaries 2010 08 100803 doc useful idiots tx 1.shtml Useful ... External links http www.bbc.co.uk worldservice documentaries 2010 07 100624 doc useful idiots lenin.shtml The BBC on the term http www.capitalismmagazine.com books non fiction 2798 useful idiots.html ... 1 William Safire on the term DEFAULTSORT Useful Idiot Category Political terms Category Communist ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Useful Music Type studio Artist Josh Joplin Band Cover JoshJoplin Useful.jpg Released May 25, 1999 small original small br January 23, 2001 small re release small Recorded Orphan Studios and Southern Living At Its Finest, Atlanta , Georgia U.S. state GA br NG Studios, New York City , New York NY br New Reflections, Nashville , Tennessee TN br Chicky World, Austin , Texas TX Genre Folk rock , Americana music Americana Length Label SMG, Artemis Records Artemis Producer Shawn Mullins Last album Boxing Nostalgic br 1997 This album Useful Music br 1999 Next album Misc Extra chronology Artist Josh Joplin Group Type studio Last album This album Useful Music br 2001 Next album The Future That Was br 2002 Singles Name Useful Music Type studio Single 1 Camera One Single 1 date February 6, 2001 Single 2 Gravity Single 2 date June 19, 2001 Single 3 I ve Changed Single 3 date December 11, 2001 Useful Music is a studio album initially released in May 1999 under the SMG Records label by Josh Joplin Band , and again in January 2001 through Artemis Records after the band had re named itself Josh Joplin Group following a change in its line up. While the album did not enjoy widespread commercial success, it peaked at 22 on the Billboard magazine Billboard ... friendly sound than most of the other material on Useful Music, the song was also featured in an episode ... Joplin Group Serves Up Useful Music on Artemis Set journal Billboard Magazine Billboard volume 112 ... features josh joplin group serves up useful music 1314583.story issn 0006 2510 Cite journal ... Thelen first Christopher title Album Reviews Useful Music publisher The Daily Vault date March 14, 2001 ... first Jason title Album Reviews Useful Music publisher The Daily Vault date February 15, 2002 url http ... Josh Joplin Group Useful Music release 1574057 Useful Music at Discogs http m.billboard.com album josh joplin group useful music 362472 Useful Music at Billboard.com Category Josh Joplin albums Category ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Useful Island coord 64 43 S 62 52 W is an island 2 miles 3.2 km west of Rong Island , with a string of rocks between, lying in Gerlache Strait off the west coast of Graham Land . It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition , 1897 99, under Adrien de Gerlache . The name appears on a chart based upon a 1927 survey by Deception Island personnel on the Discovery . See also List of antarctic and sub antarctic islands usgs gazetteer Category Islands of Graham Land Category Danco Coast DancoCoast geo stub ... more details
Useful idiot may refer to Entertainment Useful Idiot , a song by progressive rock band Tool band Tool from their 1996 album nima Useful Idiots , a novel by Jan Mark Politics Useful idiot , a political term used during the Cold War disambig ... more details
Summary Logo for Really Useful Theatres Fair Use Rationale for Really Useful Group Company logo Publicly available Licensing Non free logo ... more details
Summary Logo for Really Useful Group Fair Use Rationale for Really Useful Group Company logo Publicly available Licensing Non free logo History of File Really Useful Group.jpg 2007 05 29T19 50 12Z User Dafyd Dafyd User talk Dafyd Talk Special Contributions Dafyd contribs 166 bytes nowiki Logo for Really Useful Group Fair Use Rationale for Really Useful Group Company logo Publicly available nowiki 2007 05 29T19 50 12Z User Dafyd Dafyd User talk Dafyd Talk Special Contributions Dafyd contribs 151x80 8281 bytes ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale poster Media film Article A Useful Life Use Infobox ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Name Distributor Publisher Website http www.movieposterdb.com poster 80e0cba5 Licensing Non free poster ... more details
Infobox company name Really Useful Group Ltd. logo Image Really Useful Group.png 200px caption RUG logo ... URL http www.reallyuseful.com The Really Useful Group Ltd. RUG is an international company law ... Thomas the Tank Engine and other trains are referred to as Really Useful Engines . Andre Ptaszynski Andr Ptaszynski , formerly chief executive of Really Useful Theatres, was appointed chief executive ... from that point have been owned by the company. The Really Useful Group was floated on the stock market ... conglomerate Seagram , with the Really Useful stake being passed to its own film and music subsidiary ..., giving the Really Useful Group 100 ownership of all the composer s works. ref Cite news title Universal sells 30 stake in Really Useful back to Lloyd Webber date 1999 04 18 publisher Universal Music Group url http new.umusic.com News.aspx?NewsId 27 accessdate 2007 05 29 ref Divisions Really Useful Theatre Company The Really Useful Theatre Company produces and manages plays and musicals, mainly, but not limited ..., London Really Useful Films Image Really Useful Films.png 200px thumb right Really Useful Films logo Really Useful Films is responsible for the production of film versions of Andrew Lloyd Webber s catalogue ... Joseph , but 2004 saw Really Useful Films complete the major motion picture The Phantom of the Opera ... involved with the films division. Really Useful Records Really Useful Records produces cast albums ... in 1999, Really Useful Records had an exclusive deal with PolyGram to release albums through its Polydor Records Polydor label. Really Useful continues to release its albums and DVDs through Universal ... Nigel Wright record producer Nigel Wright has served as producer on most Really Useful Records ... joined him on Close Every Door To Me . Really Useful released the double A side single to raise ... dead link date November 2010 ref Really Useful Group Theatres Image Really Useful Theatres.png 200px thumb right Really Useful Theatres logo Really Useful Group Theatres owns and manages seven West ... more details
The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge SDUK , founded in 1826, and wound up in 1848, was a British Whig Party Whiggish London organisation that published inexpensive texts intended to adapt scientific and similarly high minded material for the rapidly expanding reading public. It was established mainly at the instigation of Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux Lord Brougham with the objects of publishing information to people who were unable to obtain formal teaching, or who preferred self education . An American group of the same name was founded as part of the Lyceum movement in the United States around the same period. Its Boston Society for the Diffusion of Useful ... essay Walking, in which he jestingly proposes a Society for the Diffusion of Useful Ignorance. ref ... Few persons are aware that the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge have done, and are still ...?id wm8EAAAAQAAJ&pg PA77&dq Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge charity&hl en&ei VGQnTraqPMyr8AOL8LnsCg ... Publications Library of Useful Knowledge One significant set of publications by the SDUK was the Library of Useful Knowledge sold for a British sixpence coin sixpence and published biweekly, its books ... Treatises and Humphry Davy s Consolations in Travel &mdash the books of the Library of Useful ... Technology in Los Angeles is called the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Information . References reflist 2 Other sources Mead T. Cain, The Maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful ... for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 1826 1848 A handlist of the Society s correspondence ... titlepage Mathematics I. , a volume in the Library of Useful Knowledge digitized by Google Book Search . See an 1842 map distributed by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge and published ... 1826 establishments in the United Kingdom de Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge es Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge it Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ... more details
Commercially useful enzymes CUEs are enzyme s which have commercial uses. Microorganism Microbial enzymes have well known applications as biocatalyst s in several areas of industry, such as biotechnology , agriculture , pharmaceuticals , etc. Metagenomic data provide a unique resource for discovering novel commercially useful enzymes CUEs from yet unidentified microbes belonging to complex microbial communities in diverse ecosystem s. Classification A set of 510 CUEs was manually curated using publicly available information and classified into nine broad application categories based on their function. By comprehensive Homology biology homology based mining of ten diverse publicly available metagenomic data sources, several novel CUEs, homologous to those in the set of known CUEs, were identified. Using this strategy, a comprehensive Metagenomic BioMining Engine MetaBioME platform to facilitate homology based computational identification of homologs for known CUEs from metagenomic datasets is developed. This is a useful resource to identify novel homologs to the existing known CUEs and to also identify new ones, both of which can be used as leads for further experimental verification. This is available at MetaBioME ref http metasystems.riken.jp metabiome ref . References Reflist MetaBioME a database to explore commercially useful enzymes in metagenomic datasets. Sharma VK, Kumar N, Prakash T, Taylor TD November 11, 2009 . Nucleic Acids Research doi 10.1093 nar gkp1001 Database Advanced access. PMID 19906710. Category Enzymes microbiology stub ... more details
For the upcoming film based on the novel Someday This Pain Will Be Useful to You film Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Someday This Pain Will Be Useful to You title orig translator image author Peter Cameron writer Peter Cameron cover artist country United States of America United States language English language English series genre publisher Frances Foster Books release date 2007 media type Print pages 229 isbn 0 374 30989 2 oclc preceded by followed by Someday This Pain Will Be Useful to You is a fiction young adult novel by Peter Cameron writer Peter Cameron . James Sveck, the protagonist , tells the reader about his life, including the reasons he became the Missing Misfit and is seeing the psychiatrist. Plot James Sveck is an isolated young adult caught in the summer before he is to begin college at Brown University. The only person in his life with whom he is able to successfully relate is his grandmother otherwise, James prefers solitude. Cameron s use of first person narration allows for the reader to create an intimate relationship with James as he works through his life and through the therapy sessions to which his parents have made him go. The reader learns about James s present as he tells the events of his days, but the reader learns about his past when James s reflects on his therapy sessions. Characters James Sveck 18 years old lives with his mother emotionally close to his grandmother Gillian Sveck James s older sister going into her fourth year at Barnard College dating Rainer Maria Schultz Paul Sveck James father questions James about his sexuality Marjorie Dunfour James mother owns gallery and is divorced from Paul Sveck 169 Rainer Maria Schultz language theory professor at Brown College Barry Rogers the man ... ref Film In 2010, Jean Vigo Italia announced a Someday This Pain Will Be Useful to You film ... movies.broadwayworld.com article Marcia Gay Harden Set for Someday This Pain Will Be Useful To You ... more details
The Useful work growth theory , also called the Ayres Warr model, states that physical and chemical Work thermodynamics work performed by energy, or more correctly exergy , has historically been the most important driver of economic growth. ref name Ayres Warr2004 Cite journal last1 Ayres last2 Warr first1 Robert U. first2 Benjamin author1 link title Accounting for Growth The Role of Physical Work year 2004 url http www.fraw.org.uk files economics ayres 2005.pdf postscript None ref ref Cite journal last1 Ayres last2 Warr first1 Robert U. first2 Benjamin author1 link title Economic growth, technological progress and energy use in the U.S. over the last century Identifying common trends and structural change in macroeconomic time series, INSEAD year 2006 url http www.helsinki.fi iehc2006 papers2 Warr.pdf postscript None ref See Robert Ayres scientist Robert Ayres Support for this theory is a mathematical model showing that the efficiency of conversion of primary energy exergy into useful work for example, mechanical drive, heat and light is a good proxy for the Solow residual , or technological ... 1849804354 pages url ref Useful work is an extension of neo classical models that use a production ... approaches thermodynamic limits while at the same time resource depletion requires more useful work ... also criticize orthodox economics for neglecting the role non renewable natural resources. Origins of the useful ... of Nicholas Georgescu Roegen in the development of the useful work theory. ref name Ayres Warr2004 ... in discovering those which are useful and commercially practicable.... blockquote Jevons observed that improvements ... postulate treats economic output as a function of capital, labor and energy. Useful work improves model Useful work is an improvement over earlier mathematical treatments in that in addition to output being deterimied by capital, labor, materials and energy, useful work, that is, energy times conversion ... tv.insead.edu video EconomicsPolitics 2 7544 Interview Ayres Warr Categories DEFAULTSORT Useful ... more details
This page contains a list of useful plants , meaning a plant that has been or can be co opted by humans to fulfill a particular need. Rather than listing all plants on one page, this page instead collects the lists and categories for the different ways in which a plant can be used some plants may fall into several of the categories or lists below, and some lists overlap for example, the term crop covers both edible and non edible agricultural products . Edible plants Category Edible plants Category Cereals List of edible flowers Category Forages Category Grains Category Spices Fruits and Vegetables Category Fruit Category Accessory fruit Category Edible nuts and seeds Category Legumes Category Vegetables Category Inflorescence vegetables Category Leaf vegetables Category Root vegetables Category Sea vegetables Category Stem vegetables Forestry Category Wood Category Shrubs Category Trees Medicine, Drugs, Psychoactives, etc. Category Medicinal plants Category Medicinal herbs and fungi List of Plants Used for Smoking Other Economic Purposes Category Crops Category Energy crops External links http www.pfaf.org Plants For A Future http www.permaculture.info Permaculture Information Web http www.prota.org Plant Resources of Tropical Africa PROTA http www.hort.purdue.edu newcrop duke energy dukeindex.html Handbook of Energy Crops http www.nap.edu books 0309049903 html Lost Crops of Africa Volume 1 Grains http fermat.nap.edu books 030904264X html Lost Crops of the Incas http www.ipgri.cgiar.org publications pubfile.asp?ID PUB 624 Bibliography on underutilized roots and tubers crops http www.newcrops.uq.edu.au Australian New Crops Web Site http www.proseanet.org Plant Resources of South East Asia PROSEA http www.underutilized species.org Default.htm Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species http www.uncapsa.org UN Centre for the Alleviation of Poverty through Secondary ... Organization Category Lists of plants Useful plants Category Garden plants Category Agriculture ... more details
Time of useful consciousness TUC is defined as the amount of time an individual is able to perform aviation flying duties efficiently in an environment of inadequate oxygen supply. ref name Dehart cite book title Fundamentals Of Aerospace Medicine Translating Research Into Clinical Applications, 3rd Rev Ed. last Dehart first R. L. coauthors J. R. Davis year 2002 publisher Lippincott Williams And Wilkins location United States isbn 9780781728980 page 720 ref It is the period of time from the interruption of the oxygen supply or exposure to an oxygen poor environment to the time when useful function is lost, and the individual is no longer capable of taking proper corrective and protective action. It is not the time to total unconsciousness . The TUC has also been called Effective Performance Time EPT . At the higher altitudes, the TUC becomes very short considering this danger, the emphasis is on prevention rather than cure. Medical analysis and variations There are many individual variations of hypoxia medical hypoxia , even within the same person. Generally, old age tends to reduce the efficiency of the pulmonary system, and can cause the onset of hypoxia symptoms sooner. ref cite journal author Yoneda I, Tomoda M, Tokumaru O, Sato T, Watanabe Y title Time of useful consciousness determination in aircrew members with reference to prior altitude chamber experience and age journal Aviat Space Environ Med volume 71 issue 1 pages 72 6 year 2000 month January pmid 10632134 doi url accessdate ref Tobacco smoking Smoking drastically reduces oxygen intake efficiency, and can have the effect of reducing tolerance by 1,000 2,000 meters ref cite journal author Yoneda I, Watanabe Y title Comparisons of altitude tolerance and hypoxia symptoms between nonsmokers and habitual smokers ... . This can be useful for identifying individual symptoms of hypoxia, along with rough estimates of the altitude ... ref class wikitable Altitude in Flight level Time of Useful Consciousness Altitude in meters ... more details
with Historic Places TwHP lesson plan DEFAULTSORT Society For The Establishment Of Useful Manufactures ... for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures ... more details
In human vision, the useful field of view or UFOV is the visual area over which information can be extracted at a brief glance without eye or head movements. ref Ball, K., V.G. Wadley, and J.D. Edwards, Advances in technology used to assess and retrain older drivers. Gerontechnology, 2002. 1 4 p. 251 261. ref Generally UFOV size decreases with age, ref Sekuler, A.B., P.J. Bennett, and M. Mamelak, Effects of aging on the useful field of view. Exp Aging Res, 2000. 26 2 p. 103 20. ref most likely due to decreases in visual processing speed, reduced attentional resources, and less ability to ignore distracting information. ref Ball, K., V.G. Wadley, and J.D. Edwards, Advances in technology used to assess and retrain older drivers. Gerontechnology, 2002. 1 4 p. 251 261. ref UFOV performance is correlated with a number of important real world functions including risk of an automobile crash. Performance can be improved by computer based training. History UFOV assessment and training programs were primarily developed by Dr. Karlene Ball of the University of Birmingham, Alabama, and Dr. Daniel Roenker of Western Kentucky University. The first versions of the assessment and training programs were produced more than 20 years ago. ref Sekuler, R. and K. Ball, Visual localization age and practice. J Opt Soc Am A, 1986. 3 6 p. 864 7 Ball, K.K., et al., Age and visual search expanding the useful field of view. J Opt Soc Am A, 1988. 5 12 p. 2210 9. ref These programs were originally made available through Visual Awareness Inc. In 2008, Posit Science acquired Visual Awareness and worked with Dr. Ball and Dr. Roenker to produce an updated version of UFOV training. The latest version is known as Road Tour and is incorporated into Posit Science s DriveSharp and InSight visual training programs. UFOV assessment The traditional UFOV assessment is a computer based visual test containing three .... Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1993. 34 11 p. 3110 23. Goode, K.T., et al., Useful Field of View ... more details
The Useful Space Principle , or USP , was first articulated in a series of six articles in The Bridge World , from November 1980 through April 1981. The International Bridge Press Association awarded its 1981 1982 award for Best Article or Series on a System or Convention to Jeff Rubens for this series. The USP is expressed succinctly in http www.bridgeworld.com default.asp?d bridge glossary&f glossu.html The Bridge World glossary as a partnership s assigning meanings to actions so that the remaining bidding space matches the needs of the auction. The articles on the USP were the genesis of widely used conventional methods such as Kickback and Rubens advances transfer advances of overcalls . The USP tells bidding theorists that bidding space should be allocated where it is most needed. A USP Example Kickback The Blackwood convention , as originally formulated, violates the USP. Suppose that the agreed trump suit is spades. After the Blackwood asker bids 4NT, teller can convey four separate messages without bypassing the safety level of 5 Spades &ndash four aces or none with 5 Clubs , one ace with 5 Diams , two aces with 5 Hearts and three aces with 5 Spades . But what if the agreed trump suit is clubs? Suppose that asker and teller each have one ace. Then, after 4NT, teller bids 5 Diams to show his ace, and the partnership has to play 6 Clubs off two aces or possibly 5NT, which could be worse than 6 Clubs , if it has the machinery . The problem can also occur when the agreed trump suit is diamonds, although it s less likely because there s more space available for responses than when the agreed trump suit is clubs. But if the partnership is using Blackwood convention Roman Key Card Blackwood RKCB Roman Key Card Blackwood there can be similar problems. Suppose that hearts ... useful in the context of the convention. If clubs is agreed and each partner has one ace, asker ... for responding to overcalls. References The Useful Space Principle , The Bridge World , November 1980 ... more details
ARTS , a four letter abbreviation, may refer to one of the following Accelerated Ray Tracing System, software developed by Akira Fujimoto Alpha Repertory Television Service , one of the predecessors that formed the A&E Network aRts , analog real time synthesizer, an audio component of the KDE desktop environment National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts , their program known formerly as the Arts Recognition and Talent Search Association for Retail Technology Standards program Pasadena Area Rapid Transit System , the Pasadena, CA bus system known as Pasadena ARTSARTS Dance , the Alliance of Round, Traditional and Square Dance, Inc. Automated Radar Terminal System, also known as Common ARTS , an air traffic control computer system See also ART disambiguation , the three letter acronym Art disambiguation , the word Art given name , the name disambig ja ARTS ... more details
Refimprove date July 2008 lowercase title aRts Infobox software name aRts logo Image arts icon.png 48px screenshot caption developer Stefan Westerfeld latest release version 1.5.9 latest release date release date and age 2008 02 19 status inactive operating system Unix like genre Soundserver Sound Server license GNU General Public License website http www.arts project.org aRts http kde.org KDE aRts , which stands for a nalog R eal t ime s ynthesizer, is an audio framework that is no longer under development. It is best known for previously being used in KDE series KDE 2 2 and KDE 3 3 to simulate an analog synthesizer . A key component of aRts is the sound server which mixes several streaming media sound stream s in Real time computing realtime . The sound server , called artsd d for daemon computer software daemon , is also utilized as the standard sound server for KDE2 3. However, the sound server is not dependent on KDE and can be used in other projects. It is a direct competitor to JACK Audio Connection Kit , another real time sound server, and an indirect competitor to the Enlightened ... instead of artsd. The aRts Platform computing platform also includes aRts Builder an application ... user interface . aRts is free software , distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License . End of project On December 2, 2004 aRts creator and primary developer Stefan Westerfeld announced he was leaving the project due to a variety of fundamental development and technical issues with aRts. In KDE 4 developers chose to replace aRts with a new multimedia API known as Phonon KDE Phonon ... References Reflist External links http www.arts project.org The aRts project website wayback http www.arts project.org The aRts project website KDE DEFAULTSORT Arts Category KDE Platform Category Free audio software Category Audio libraries Category Software that uses Qt KDE stub ca ARts cs ARts de ARts es ARts fr ARts it ARts ja ARts pl ARts pt ARts ru ARts tr ARts ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
