Infobox book name The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex title orig translator image File Darwin Descent of Man 1871 .jpg 250px image caption Title page of the first edition of The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex author Charles Darwin illustrator cover artist country United ... by followed by The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex is a book on evolution ary ... simple The Descent of Man fi The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex sv M nniskans h rledning ... of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex edition 1st publication place London publisher John Murray ... of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex , 2nd edn. London Penguin Classics, 2004 . ISBN ... essay on ape ancestry, sexual selection and human expression, which became The Descent of Man . Darwin s writing on the subject in The Descent of Man came twelve years after his work on Origin , and was by no means ... . In The Descent of Man , Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution , and details ... Descent of Man to Emotions File Darwin restored2.jpg left thumb upright Charles Darwin s second book .... Darwin was deeply distressed by Wallace s change of heart, and much of the Descent of Man is in response ... sections of Descent of Man to discussion of Galton s theories. Neither Galton nor Darwin, though ... of his as was his natural selection, and a substantial amount of Descent is devoted exclusively to this topic. Part I The evolution of man Evolution of physical traits File Darwin Descent embryology.jpg ... rule. Towards the end of Descent of Man , Darwin said that he believed man would sink into indolence ... which are commonly thus received. ref The Descent of Man, 1st edition. http darwin online.org.uk content ... will die a silent and unobserved death. ref The Descent of Man, 2d ed. http darwin online.org.uk ... . ref harvnb Blackwell 1976 pp 117 118 ref In the Descent of Man , Darwin wrote that by choosing tools and weapons over the years, man has ultimately become superior to woman ref Darwin, Descent ... more details
About the selection of the sex of offspring the evolutionary concept sexual selectionSexselection is the attempt ... implantation methods can be used for social sexselection. Both of them are based on actively rendering ... first3 ES title Efficiency of sex pre selection of spermatozoa by albumin separation method evaluated ... family planning and sexselection fact or fiction? journal American journal of obstetrics and gynecology ... 13, 2011 ref ref cite journal author Mayor S title Specialists question effectiveness of sexselection ... sex up for adoption. Less commonly viewed as a method of social sexselection, adoption ... by others. In contrast, in an interview study, sexselection technology providers generally argued that sex ... title The ethics of sexselection a comparison of the attitudes and experiences of primary care physicians and physician providers of clinical sexselection services journal Fertil. Steril. volume 93 ... that sexselection led to invasive medical interventions in the absence of therapeutic indications ... sex, and was not a solution to domestic violence. ref name puri Post conceptual selection by preimplantation ... in societies where social sexselection is common. A society may exhibit a widespread bias towards ... with frequent social sexselection, this bias may produce a gender imbalance that has undesirable ... , where social sexselection has produced unnaturally high male female ratios in the population ... demographic changes have occurred in China because of sexselection. Chinese government reports show ... used for family balancing indications in such countries as the United States, pre conceptual sexselection ... Sexselection is officially prohibited in China , but the Chinese government admits that the practice ... ref http fsi.stanford.edu news gender imbalance in china 20081027 ref Social sexselection ..., sex selective abortion continues to be widely practiced there. Sexselection is legal in most of the world ... for sexselection, because preimplantation genetic diagnosis PGD, a potential expansion of IVF ... more details
features could have evolved in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex . After ... of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex The Descent of Man . Sources Darwin found many ideas in the quality ... pp 373 379 ref The two 450 page volumes of The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex went ... The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex edition 1st publication place London publisher ... sought to trump Frances Power Cobbe by writing in the The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to SexDescent of Man that that though women tended to be more intuitive, this was shared by less advanced ... of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex , 2nd edn. London Penguin Classics, 2004 . ISBN ...The life and work of Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions during the period from 1868 to 1872 continued with aspects of Charles Darwin s intended Big Book on evolution through natural selection . He ... & difficulties.. first excited by attending Prof. Huxley s lectures . Descent of Man The book ... of Women was an ideal source for his study of man s origins and sexual selection. When ... didn t think of sexual selection. When he returned home, Darwin added his notes to Descent ... to slog away at the Descent of Man , feeling as dull as a duck . He dreaded publication, telling ... Scientific Series , told Darwin about lecturing on the Descent of Man to a clerical club ... article claimed that the Descent of Man would unsettle our half educated classes and talked of people ... errors in the Descent of Man . This time Darwin ended the correspondence. The Index Darwin reacted positively ... up his will. New edition of The Descent of Man Darwin recovered and pressed on with several projects. He subsequently tackled a new edition of the Descent of Man , incorporating ideas from Galton and new ... in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals . This period was followed by the life and work ... a science mastership at Eton College but choosing to make his career in law. Sexual selection Darwin ... more details
about the The Spectacular Spider Man TV series The Spectacular Spider Man episode natural selection disambiguation Infobox Television episode Title Natural Selection Series The Spectacular Spider Man TV series The Spectacular Spider Man Image File Natural Selection Spider Man.jpg 230px Caption Lizard comics Lizard and Spider Man fight. Lizard s new design and personality, as well as the fast paced ... Spider Man. David Bullock directed it. Natural Selection originally aired on March 15 ... Review Spectacular Spider Man, Natural Selection work Mozilla Firefox Firefox News date 2008 03 16 ... Spider Man on March 23, 2009 in American television 2009 , it aired Natural Selection after the previous ... The Spectacular Spider Man Season One Natural Selection work iF Magazine author Elliot, Sean date ... articles 866 866991p1.html title Spectacular Spider Man Natural Selection Review work IGN ... IMDb title 1196310 Natural Selection TV.com episode the spectacular spider man natural selection episode 1181672 Natural Selection http marvel.com movies Spider Man.The Spectacular Spider Man episodes 174.Natural Selection Natural Selection on Marvel.com Spectacular Spider Man TV series Good article ... ref name official Cite web url http marvel.com movies Spider Man.The Spectacular Spider Man episodes 174.Natural Selection title Natural Selection work Marvel.com accessdate 2009 08 21 ref Writer Matt ... Man episodes List of The Spectacular Spider Man episodes Season list Infobox Spectacular Spider Man season 1 episode list Prev Next Natural Selection is the third episode of the animated cartoon animated television series The Spectacular Spider Man TV series The Spectacular Spider Man , which is based on the comic book character Spider Man , created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko . In the episode, Spider Man must face Lizard comics The Lizard , who was a lab professor he was interning for until he was mutated by a serum designed to regrow his missing arm. Natural Selection was written by Matt Wayne ... more details
wiktionary Relationrelation relations Relation or Relations may refer to tocright General use Kinship , relationship by genealogical origin Social relation s, in social science, social interaction between two or more individuals International relations , strategies chosen by a state to safeguard its national interests and achieve its foreign policy objectives Logic and philosophy Relation philosophy , links between properties of an object Relation logic , term in set theory and logic, for a property that assigns truth values to k tuples of individuals Relation of Ideas , in the Human sense, is the type of knowledge that can be characterized as arising out of pure conceptual thought and logical operations in contrast to a Matter of Fact Relational theory , framework to understand reality or a physical system in such a way that the positions and other properties of objects are only meaningful relative to other objects Computers and technology Relation database , in the relational model of databases ... Relationships Ontology components relation , a component of an ontology Binary relation , a synonym for dyadic relation and 2 place relation Mathematics Relational algebra , an offshoot of first order logic and of algebra of sets , deals with a set of finitary relations see also relation database which is closed under certain operators Relation mathematics , a generalization of arithmetic relations, such as and , that occur in statements, such as 5 6 and 2 2 4 Ternary relation ,finitary relation in which the number of places in the relation is three. Ternary relations may also be referred ... as being observer dependent, that is, the state is the relation between the observer and the system Relation journal Relation journal , the first newspaper Sexual relations, euphemistic term for human ... Relativity disambiguation disambig bs Relacija vor cs Relace de Relation Begriffskl rung es Relaci n eo Rilato fr Relation io Relato it Relazione ja pl Relacja pt Rela o ro Rela ie simple Relation ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Mark Emerson s Guide To Safer Sex Type video Artist David Lewis dn date October 2011 Cover Gay Man 27s Guide to Safer Sex cover.jpg Recorded 1992 Genre Experimental music Experimental , Dark ambient Length Producer Coil band Coil Reviews This album Mark Emerson s Guide To Safer Sex br 1992 Gay Man s Guide To Safer Sex is the name of a safer sex instructional documentary produced by Mike Esser and Tony Carne of Pride Video in association with the Terrence Higgins Trust in 1992. The film was directed by David Lewis and featured a soundtrack by John Balance and Peter Christopherson of Coil band Coil . The medical information included in the film is presented by Mike Youle , a British doctor specializing in HIV treatment. The film won in the Best Special Interest Category in 1992 s British Video Association British Videogramme Association awards Citation needed date August 2011 . Soundtrack Coil provided the music. Some of the material is reworked, some is exclusive to the movie. The tracks timings given represent the demo version and are in order of their chronological appearance in the film. Theme from Gay Man s Guide To Safer Sex 8 13 Exploding Frogs 8 40 Nasa Arab 2 4 12 Theme From Gay Man s Guide To Safer Sex Reconstruction 7 49 Exploding Frogs is a radically remixed version of Omlagus Garfungiloops from Stolen & Contaminated Songs . References IMDb title 0406800 Gay Man s Guide to Safer Sex Coil DEFAULTSORT Gay Man s Guide To Safer Sex Category HIV AIDS in film and television Category Films about sexually transmitted diseases ... more details
wiktionary descent distinguish Dissent Descent may refer to In genealogy and inheritance Common descent , concept in evolutionary biology Kinship and descent , one of the major concepts of cultural anthropology ... diagram disambiguation Inheritance law and property In mathematics Infinite descent , a method going back to Fermat to solve Diophantine equations Descent category theory , an idea extending the notion of gluing in topology Hadamard s method of descent , a technique for solving partial differential equations Gradient descent , a first order optimization algorithm going back to Newton Other uses Descent aircraft , the decrease of an aircraft in altitude during flight Descent font , the distance that a typeface descends below the baseline in typography As a proper name In film The Descent , a 2005 horror film The Descent Part 2 , the 2009 sequel to the 2005 film Descent 2005 film Descent 2005 film , a television film on the Sci Fi Channel Descent 2007 film Descent 2007 film , a thriller starring Rosario Dawson In gaming Descent video game Descent video game , first in a series from Interplay Entertainment and Parallax Software Descent II , sequel to DescentDescent 3 , sequel to Descent II Descent FreeSpace The Great War , a computer game by Volition Inc Descent Journeys in the Dark , a 2005 board game by Fantasy Flight Games In literature The Descent novel The Descent novel , by Jeff Long Descent , caving magazine from Wild Places Publishing first published in 1969 In music Descent , an album by the band This Burning Effigy In television Descent The Outer Limits Descent The Outer Limits , an episode of the science fiction television series The Outer Limits Descent Stargate SG 1 Descent Stargate SG 1 , an episode of the science fiction television series Stargate SG 1 Descent Star Trek The Next Generation Descent Star Trek The Next Generation , a two part episode of Star Trek The Next Generation See also Dissent homophone disambig de Descent fr Descent hu Descent egy rtelm s t ... more details
of same sex relationships by country Isle of Man Category Manx law Category Politics of the Isle of Man zh ...Use dmy dates date December 2011 Use British English date December 2011 SSM Same sex marriage map Europe align left size 200px The Isle of Man allows Civil union civil partnership . The bill for legalization was signed into law on 15 March 2011. It took effect on 6 April 2011. Since 2005, couples who have entered into a civil partnership in the United Kingdom are recognised by the Isle of Man Department of Health and Social Security for pension purposes. The other rights of a civil partnership are not provided. ref http www.gov.im lib docs ipa pension sd743 05thecivilpartnershipact2.pdf THE CIVIL ... of Man announced that a civil partnership bill would be introduced in October 2009. This bill would be mirrored on the UK one, providing same sex couples with nearly all of the rights and responsibilities ... 2010 02 22 isle of man to consider civil partnerships for gay couples Isle of Man to consider civil partnerships for gay couples ref ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi europe isle of man 8528453.stm Isle of Man to consider civil partnership bill ref ref http www.energyfm.net cms news story ... for technical reasons. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi europe isle of man 8647815.stm Isle of Man ... Council of the Isle of Man Legislative Council . ref http www.tynwald.org.im papers votes .... ref http www.bbc.co.uk news world europe isle of man 12746993 Isle of Man gay couples get right to civil partnership ref ref http www.three.fm newscentre isle of man news civil partnership bill .... ref http www.bbc.co.uk news world europe isle of man 12982708 Isle of Man gay couples have right to civil partnership ref ref http www.three.fm newscentre isle of man news civil partnership legislation ... See also LGBT rights in the Isle of Man References references External links http www.tynwald.org.im ... more details
dablink For the book by Jeff Long, see The Descent novel . For other similarly named films, see Descent 2005 film and Descent 2007 film . For other uses, see Descent . Infobox film name The Descent image ... http boxofficemojo.com movies ?id descent.htm ref The Descent is a 2005 British horror film written ... at the studio. The Descent opened commercially 8 July 2005 in the United Kingdom. It premiered in the 2006 ... around her. ref http www.fangoria.com reviews 2 film 4369 fall frights the descent film review.html Fall Frights THE DESCENT Film Review ref Production When Neil Marshall s 2002 film Dog Soldiers ... he eventually agreed to make The Descent , emphasizing, They are very different films. ref cite news ..., Scar. ref Listed in the film s credits. ref Filming While The Descent was set in North America, the film ... tension in The Descent . The director elaborated, We really wanted to ramp up the tension ... Bowles designed the maze of caves for The Descent . Reviews credited Bowles cave sets by production ... in The Observer . ref Production of The Descent was in competition with an American film of a similar premise, The Cave film The Cave . The Descent was originally scheduled to be released in the United .... Filmmakers of The Descent decided to release the film before The Cave , so they fast tracked production to be completed by the end of February 2005. ref name blues Editing The Descent was released ... s spectre appearing beside her in the SUV. As exhibited on Syfy Latin America , the Descent ... 350 px caption Crawlers, as portrayed in The Descent left and The Descent 2 right classification Cave dwelling hominid first The Descent last The Descent Part 2 created by Neil Marshall director br Paul ... Marshall first chose to have a dark cave as the setting for his horror film The Descent then decided ... Descent into hell work The Northern Echo publisher Newsquest date 2005 07 07 ref The crawlers were designed ... Jones url http www.fangoria.com fearful feature.php?id 6750 title The Darker Depths of The Descent 2 ... more details
traits or allele s of genes segregating within a population may be subject to selection . Under selection ... than others do. When these traits have a genetic basis, selection can increase the prevalence of those traits, because offspring will genetics inherit those traits from their parents. When selection ... then be said to have evolved . Scientists who do experimental genetics employ artificial selection experiments that permit the survival of organisms with user defined phenotypes. Artificial selection ... or not selection takes place depends on the conditions in which the individuals of a species find ... selection. Factors fostering selection include limits on resources nourishment, habitat space, mates ... as selective pressures . Natural selection is the most familiar type of selection by name. The breeding of dogs, cows and horses, however, represents artificial selection . Subcategories of natural selection are also sometimes distinguished. These include sexual selection , ecological selection , stabilizing selection , disruptive selection and directional selection more on these below . Selection ... neutral , selection does not occur. Meanwhile, selection does not guarantee that advantageous ... may become less common or disappear. In the face of selection even a so called deleterious allele may become universal to the members of a species. This is a risk primarily in the case of weak selection ... s. Though deleterious alleles may sometimes become established, selection may act negatively as well as positively. Negative selection decreases the prevalence of traits that diminish individuals capacity to succeed reproductively i.e. their fitness biology fitness , while positive selection ... selection are sometimes said to be selected against, while those under positive selection are said to be selected ... against shallow root architectures. Types and subtypes File Selection classification diagram.png frame right Selection is hierarchically classified into natural selection natural and artificial ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article Gay Man s Guide to Safer Sex Description Cover of the movie Source same image in numerous places, ex. IMDB, Amazon.com Portion all Low resolution yes Purpose article template called for an image Replaceability yes other information Licensing Non free video cover ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In logic and mathematics , relation construction and relational constructibility have to do with the ways that one relation mathematics relation is determined by an indexed family or a sequence of other relations, called the relation dataset . The relation in the focus of consideration is called the faciendum . The relation dataset typically consists of a specified relation over sets of relations, called the constructor , the factor , or the method of construction , plus a specified set of other relations, called the faciens , the ingredients , or the makings . Relation composition and relation reduction are special cases of relation constructions. See also Projection mathematics Projection Relation mathematics RelationRelation composition Relation reduction DEFAULTSORT Relation Construction Category Mathematical relations ... more details
Multiple issues primarysources January 2011 refimprove January 2011 COI January 2011 Infobox film name The Taste of Relation image caption director Mukesh Asopa producer Asopa Films Incorporation br Twinkle Productions, writer Mukesh Asopa br Twinkle Asopa starring Mukesh Asopa br Kamal Nandi br Aruna Bhatnagar br Swetalina Tripathy br Tree Ryde released Film date 2009 12 21 runtime 87 minutes language Hindi country Film Canada The Taste of Relations 2009 is the second film from Canadian based Asopa Films Incorporation, Twinkle Productions and Asopa Films International. The first was Aisha and Rahul . Plot Empty section date February 2011 Cast Mukesh Asopa as Raj Mittal Kamal Nandi as Ramswaroop Mittal Aruna Bhatnagar as Yashoda Maa Swetalina Tripathy as Kiran Tree Ryde as Jennifer Soundtrack The Taste of Relation Happy Version Sung, Composed and Lyrics by Farita, Music by Studio Pros and Selasi Senate Music Tumhare Bina Aapke Bina Sung, Composed and Lyrics by Farita, Music by Studio Pros and Selasi Senate Music Without You Sung, Composed and Lyrics by Righteous Allah, Music by Marvin Hall and DJ Konn The Taste of Relation Sad Version Sung, Composed and Lyrics by Farita, Music by Studio Pros and Selasi Senate Music Awards Vista India Award at the Global Cinema Festival 2009 in India Golden Palm Award at the Mexico International Film Festival 2010 Rising Star Award at the Canada International Film Festival 2010 Official Finalist Award at the Las Vegas International Film Festival 2010 Official selection and nominee for a Golden Aphrodite at the Cyprus International Film Festival Special Jury Prize at the http www.CalFilmAwards.com CALIFORNIA FILM AWARDS 2011 Winner of Platinum Award at the http www.nevadafilmfestival.com Festival 2007 10platinum.aspx Nevada Film Festival 2010 External links http www.imdb.com title tt1502960 The Taste of Relation at the http www.imdb.com Internet Movie Database http www.asopafilms.com Official Site DEFAULTSORT Taste Of Relation ... more details
Einstein relation can refer to Einstein relation kinetic theory , a kinetic relation found independently by Albert Einstein 1905 and Marian Smoluchowski 1906 Mass energy equivalence , sometimes called Einstein s mass energy relation disambig ... more details
Mergefrom Dependency relation date February 2010 In mathematics, a tolerance relation is a binary relationrelation that is reflexive relation reflexive and symmetric relation symmetric . It does not need to be transitive relation transitive . External links Gerasin, S. N., Shlyakhov, V. V., and Yakovlev, S. V. 2008. Set coverings and tolerance relations. Cybernetics and Sys. Anal. 44, 3 May 2008 , 333&ndash 340. DOI http dx.doi.org 10.1007 s10559 008 9007 y Hryniewiecki, K. 1991, Relations of Tolerance http mizar.org fm 1991 2 pdf2 1 toler 1.pdf FORMALIZED MATHEMATICS, Vol. 2, No. 1, January February 1991. Category Mathematical relations ... more details
In mathematics , the inverse relation of a binary relation is the relation that occurs when you switch the order of the elements in the relation. For example, the inverse of the relation child of is the relation ... X times Y math is a relation from X to Y then math L 1 math is the relation defined so that math ... . Though many functions do not have an inverse every relation does. The inverse relation is also called the converse relation or transpose relation in view of its similarity with the transpose of a matrix ..., the converse relation is not an inverse in the sense of composition of relations math L circ L 1 neq mathrm id math in general. Properties A relation equal to its inverse is a symmetric relation in the language of dagger category dagger categories , it is self adjoint . If a relation is reflexive relation reflexive , irreflexive relation irreflexive , symmetric relation symmetric , antisymmetric relation antisymmetric , asymmetric relation asymmetric , transitive relation transitive , total relation total , Binary relation Relations over a set trichotomous , a partial order , total order , strict weak order , Strict weak order Total preorders total preorder weak order , or an equivalence relation , its inverse is too. However, if a relation is Binary relation Relations over a set extendable , this need not be the case for the inverse. The operation of taking a relation to its inverse gives the category of relations Rel the structure of a dagger category . The the set of all binary relation s B X on a set X is a semigroup with involution with the involution being the mapping of a relation to its inverse relation. Examples For usual maybe strict or partial order relation s, the converse is the naively expected opposite order, e.g. math le 1 ge , 1 math , etc. Inverse relation of a function A function is invertible if and only if its inverse relation is a function, in which case the inverse relation is the inverse function. The inverse relation of a function mathematics function ... more details
In mathematics , a binary relation R over a Set mathematics set X is symmetric if it holds for all a and b in X that if a is related to b then b is related to a . In mathematical notation , this is math forall a, b in X, a R b Rightarrow b R a. math Note symmetry is not the exact opposite of antisymmetric relation antisymmetry aRb and bRa implies b a . There are relations which are both symmetric and antisymmetric equality mathematics equality and its subrelations, including, vacuous truth vacuously , the empty relation , there are relations which are neither symmetric nor antisymmetric the relation divides on the set the relation preys on in biological sciences , there are relations which are symmetric and not antisymmetric congruence relation congruence modular arithmetic modulo n , and there are relations which are not symmetric but are antisymmetric is less than or equal to . A symmetric relation that is also transitive relation transitive and reflexive relation reflexive is an equivalence relation . Graph theoretic interpretation In an undirected graph , the relation over the set of vertex graph theory vertices of the graph under which v and w are related if and only if they are adjacent forms a symmetric relation. Conversely, if R is a symmetric relation over a set X , one can interpret it as describing an undirected graph with the elements of X as the vertices and the pairs in R as the edges. Thus, symmetric relations and undirected graphs are combinatorially equivalent objects. Examples is married to is a symmetric relation, while is less than is not. is equal ... and ... is odd too Image Bothodd.png See also Symmetry in mathematics Asymmetric relation Antisymmetric relation Category Mathematical relations Category Symmetry ca Relaci sim trica cs Symetrick relace de Symmetrische Relation et S mmeetriline seos es Relaci n sim trica it Relazione simmetrica ... rel cia sl Simetri nost sv Symmetrisk relation uk zh ... more details
The term Legendre relation may refer to The Legendre sieve , for determining whether an integer is prime. The Legendre duplication formula for the gamma function. The elliptic integral Functional relations functional relation for the elliptic integral . Category Number theory mathdab ... more details
Context date October 2009 unreferenced date March 2011 A relation is involutive if it is both bijection bijective and symmetric relation symmetric . See also idempotency Involution mathematics Category Mathematical relations logic stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Asymmetry Asymmetric often means, simply not symmetric. In this sense an asymmetric relation is a binary relation which is not a symmetric relation . That is, math lnot forall a, b in X, a R b Rightarrow b R a math . or equivalently, math exists a, b in X, a R b land lnot b R a math . In some texts the word is given the following stronger definition For all a and b in X , if a is related to b , then b is not related to a . In mathematical notation, this is math forall a, b in X, a R b Rightarrow lnot b R a math . In this sense, a relation is asymmetric if and only if it is both antisymmetric relation antisymmetric and reflexive relation irreflexive . For a transitive relation , asymmetry is equivalent to irreflexivity. For nonempty relations, asymmetry in the second definition given here implies asymmetry in the first sense, but the reverse does not hold. Empty relations are, vacuous truth vacuously , both asymmetric in the second sense only and symmetric. See also Symmetry in mathematics Symmetry Antisymmetric relation DEFAULTSORT Asymmetric Relation Category Mathematical relations de Asymmetrische Relation eo Kontra simetria rilato ja pl Relacja przeciwsymetryczna sk Asymetrick rel cia uk zh ... more details
unreferenced date September 2011 Wikify date August 2011 The pedagogical relation refers to special kind of personal relationship between adult and child or adult or student that is different from other personal relationships. The pedagogical relation is described by Hermann Nohl, Klaus Mollenhauer , and others in the humanistic European pedagogical tradition. It has been discussed more recently in English by Max van Manen, Norm Friesen and Tone Saevi. The pedagogical relation is marked by a number of characteristics In the pedagogical relation the adult is directed toward the child. The relation is asymmetrical, unlike many other personal relationships e.g. friendship . The adult is there for the child in a way that the child is not there for the adult. In the pedagogical relation the adult wants or intends what is good for the child s future. This relationship is oriented to what the child may become, but without being determined by adult plans or goals. The pedagogical relation comes to an end. The child grows up and the asymmetry of the relation if it is still maintained dissolves. As Klaus Mollenhauer explains, upbringing comes to an end when the child no longer needs to be called to self activity, but instead has the wherewithal to educate himself. In the pedagogical relation the adult is tactful . As Max van Manen and Jakob Muth explain, tact in this context often consists of holding back and waiting or maintaining a certain distance so that the child may act for him or herself. Category Pedagogy Category Interpersonal relationships ... more details
In relational model A relation is a data structure which consists of a heading and an unordered set computer ... invented the relational model, he generalized the concept of binary relation binary relation mathematical relation to n arity ary relation . Relation is a fundamental concept in relational model. A relation has zero or more tuples. A relation value is an instance of a relation. A relvar relation variable relvar is a variable which has a relation value. In some context, relation means relation variable. In another context, relation means relation value. In SQL , a database language for relational database s, a relation variable is called a table database table . File Relational model concepts.png thumbnail right 540px Relational model concepts including relation A relation value, which is assigned to a certain relation variable, is time varying. By using a Data Definition Language DDL , it is able to define relation variables. A heading is the unordered set of certain column database attributes ... constitutes a relation value. In other words, a relation value consists of a heading and a body. A Tuple ... structured value. The comparative degree of a relation is the number of attributes which constitute a heading. The degree of a relation value is zero or more integer. An n ary relation is a relation value in which its degree is n . The cardinality of a relation is the number of tuples which constitutes a relation value. The cardinality of a relation value is zero or more integer. There are no duplicate tuples in a relation value. A candidate key is a certain minimal set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify individual tuples in a relation value. Examples The following is an example ... science String Address String The following is an example of a relation value which consists of the above ... shows a relation value in visual table database table form for the sake of convenience. class ... relation value includes four tuples which share the same type. As mentioned above, the attributes ... more details
In mathematics , a reflexive relation is a binary relation on a set for which every element is related to itself, i.e., a relation on S where x x holds true for every x in S. ref Levy 1979 74 ref For example, could be is equal to . Related terms An irreflexive , or anti reflexive, relation is the opposite of a reflexive relation. It is a binary relation on a set where no element is related to itself. An example is the greater than relation x> y . Note that not every relation which is not reflexive is irreflexive it is possible to define relations where some elements are related to themselves but others are not related to themselves i.e. neither all nor none . For example, the binary relation the product of x and y is even is reflexive on the set of even numbers, irreflexive on the set of odd numbers, and neither on the set of natural number s. A relation is called quasi reflexive if every element that is related to some element is related to itself. An example is the relation has the same limit as on the set of sequences of real numbers Not every sequence has a limit, and thus the relation is not reflexive, but if a sequence has the same limit as some sequence, then it has the same limit as itself. The reflexive closure of a binary relation on a set S is the smallest relation &prime such that &prime is a superset of and &prime is reflexive on S. This is equivalent to the union of and the Equality mathematics identity relation on S. For example, the reflexive closure of x y is x&le y. The reflexive reduction of a binary relation on a set S is the smallest relation &prime such that &prime ... closure. It is equivalent to the complement of the identity relation on S with regard to . That is, it is equivalent ... relation Symmetric relation Transitive relation Notes reflist References Levy, A. 1979 Basic Set ... de Reflexive Relation et Refleksiivsus es Relaci n reflexiva eo Refleksiva rilato fr Relation r flexive ... rel cia sl Refleksivnost sv Reflexiv relation uk zh ... more details
Mergeto Tolerance relation date February 2010 Unreferenced date March 2008 In mathematics and computer science , a dependency relation is a binary relation that is finite, symmetric relation symmetric , and reflexive relation reflexive i.e. a finite tolerance relation . That is, it is a finite set of ordered pairs math D math , such that If math a,b in D math then math b,a in D math symmetric If math a math is an element of the set on which the relation is defined, then math a,a in D math reflexive In general, dependency relations are not transitive relation transitive thus, they generalize the notion of an equivalence relation by discarding transitivity. Let math Sigma math denote the alphabet computer science alphabet of all the letters of math D math . Then the independency induced by math D math is the binary relation math I math math I Sigma times Sigma D math That is, the independency is the set of all ordered pairs that are not in math D math . Clearly, the independency is symmetric and irreflexive. The pairs math Sigma, D math and math Sigma, I math , or the triple math Sigma, D, I math with math I math induced by math D math are sometimes called the concurrent alphabet or the reliance alphabet . The pairs of letters in an independency relation induce an equivalence relation on the free monoid of all possible strings of finite length. The elements of the equivalence class es induced by the independency are called trace monoid traces , and are studied in trace theory . Examples Consider the alphabet math Sigma a,b,c math . A possible dependency relation is math begin matrix D & & a,b times a,b quad cup quad a,c times a,c & & a,b 2 cup a,c 2 & & a,b , b,a , a,c , c,a , a,a , b,b , c,c end matrix math The corresponding independency is math I D b,c ,, , c,b math Therefore, the letters math b,c math commute, or are independent of one another. Category Mathematical relations es Relaci n de dependencia it Alfabeto concorrente uk ... more details
In mathematics , Euclidean relations are a class of binary relation s that satisfy a weakened form of transitive relation transitivity that formalizes Euclid s Common Notion 1 in Euclid s Elements The Elements things which equal the same thing also equal one another. Definition A binary relation R on a set mathematics set X is Euclidean sometimes called right Euclidean if it satisfies the following for every a , b , c in X , if a is related to b and c , then b is related to c . ref name fagin citation title Reasoning About Knowledge first Ronald last Fagin authorlink Ronald Fagin publisher MIT Press year 2003 isbn 9780262562003 page 60 url http books.google.com books?id xHmlRamoszMC&pg PA60 . ref To write this in predicate logic math forall a, b, c in X , a ,R , b land a ,R , c to b ,R , c . math Dually, a relation R on X is left Euclidean if for every a , b , c in X , if b is related to a and c is related to a , then b is related to c math forall a, b, c in X , b ,R , a land c ,R , a to b ,R , c . math Relation to transitivity The property of being Euclidean is different from transitive relation transitivity both the Euclidean property and transitivity infer a relation between b and c from relations between a and b and between a and c , but with different argument orderings in the relations. However, if a relation is symmetric relation symmetric , then the argument orders do not matter, so in this case it is Euclidean if and only if it is transitive. ref name fagin If a relation is Euclidean and Reflexive relation reflexive , it must also be symmetric and transitive, and hence it must be an equivalence relation . Consequently, equivalence relations are exactly the reflexive Euclidean relations. ref name fagin References reflist Category Mathematical relations Category Euclid Relation ... more details
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