Other uses Tannin demon File Tannic acid.png thumb Tannic acid Image Bottle of tannic acid.jpg thumb right 250px A bottle of tannic acid solution in water . File Tannin heap.jpeg thumb right 250px Tannin powder mixture of compounds . A tannin a.k.a. vegetable tannin, i.e. a type of list of biomolecules biomolecule , as opposed to modern synthetic tannin is an astringent , bitter plant polyphenol ic ... of fruit and the aging of wine . The term tannin from tanna , an Old High German word for oak or fir ... hence the words tan and tanning for the treatment of leather. However, the term tannin by extension ... evolution of tannin rich plant communities has occurred on nutrient poor acidic soils ... ts ref so using a hardwood with a very light color, indicating a low tannin Concentration content ... have a low tannin content. Woods with a lot of yellow, red or brown coloration to them like southern yellow pine, cedar, redwood, red oak, etc. tend to contain a lot of tannin. ref http www.houserepairtalk.com f45 carpet hardwood floor 8686 Tannin and hardwood flooring ref Finnish hardwoods, like birch ... center Class Polymer Hydrolyzable tannin s Non Hydrolyzable br or condensed tannin s Phlorotannin ... L title Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen ... Mathieu F, Jouany JP title Effect of chestnut tannin on the fermentability of soyabean meal nitrogen ... meal comparing three different types of tannins Quebracho tannin quebracho , acacia and chestnut ... tannin consuming animals secrete a tannin binding protein mucin in their saliva. Tannin binding capacity ... and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found ... dry, yet the saliva glands will continue to secrete saliva which cannot affect the tannin ... content. Tannin concentration in the crude extract of these nuts did not directly translate to the same ... 2B 2B.3.Amarowicz.pdf tannin 22nuts 22&hl en&ct clnk&cd 10&gl us Dead link date October 2010 ref Acorns ... more details
unreferenced date August 2007 In Jewish folklore Tannin is the name of an aquatic demon . Sometimes he is compared with Rahab demon Rahab , another sea monster who is especially associated with the Red Sea . Some scholars associated Tannin with Tiamat , as it happened with Rahab. It is unclear in Jewish literature the differentiation between Tannin, Rahab, and Leviathan , but Tannin and Rahab are more easily confused one with the other. Tannin, as well as Rahab, was a name applied to Egypt after the exodus of the Israelites from that country. In Modern Israeli Hebrew modern Hebrew the word tannin literally means crocodile . Category Demons in Judaism Judaism stub ... more details
A condensed tannin , polyflavonoid tannin , catechol type tannin non hydrolyzable tannin or flavolan is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric acid , yields phlobaphene s like phloroglucinol . ref http pharmaxchange.info notes cognosy tannins.html Notes on Tannins from PharmaXChange.info ref Condensed tannins are polymers of flavan s and never contain sugar residues. ref Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology. Teresa K. Attwood and Richard Cammack, 2006 ISBN13 0198529171 ref A type of condensed tannins, found in particular in grape and known as proanthocyanidin s, are polymers of 2 to 50 or more flavonoid units that are joined by carbon carbon bonds, which are not susceptible to being cleaved by hydrolysis . Those can nevertheless undergo acid catalyzed cleavage in the presence of a nucleophile like phloroglucinol , benzyl mercaptan or cysteamine leading to the formation of oligomers that can be further analyzed. While hydrolyzable tannins and most condensed tannins are water soluble, some very large condensed tannins are insoluble. Condensed tannins from Lithocarpus glaber leaves have been analysed through acid catalyzed degradation in the presence of cysteamine and have a potent free radical scavenging activity. ref http www.mdpi.com 1420 3049 13 12 2986 pdf HPLC, NMR and MALDI TOF MS analysis of condensed tannins from Lithocarpus glaber leaves with potent free radical scavenging activity. Liang Liang Zhang and Yi Ming Lin, 2008 ref Condensed tannins can be found in Prunus sp. ref Flavolans and Growth Promoting Catechins in Young Shoot Tips of Prunus Species and Hybrids. W. Feucht and M. Nachita, Physiologia Plantarum, Volume 40, Issue 4, pages 230 234, August 1977, doi 10.1111 j.1399 3054.1977.tb04063.x ref References reflist Plant Pigments Flavonoids tannin Condensed tannin DEFAULTSORT Condensed Tannin Category Tannins Category Types of Flavonoids Polyphenol stub ... more details
A hydrolyzable tannin or pyrogallol type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric acid hydrochloric or sulfuric acid s, yields gallic acid gallic or ellagic acid s. ref http pharmaxchange.info notes cognosy tannins.html Notes on Tannins from PharmaXChange.info ref At the center of a hydrolyzable tannin molecule , there is a carbohydrate usually D glucose but also cyclitol s like quinic acid quinic or shikimic acid s . The hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate are partially or totally esterified with phenolic groups such as gallic acid in gallotannin s or ellagic acid in ellagitannin s. Hydrolysable tannins are mixtures of polygalloyl glucoses and or poly galloyl quinic acid derivatives containing in between 3 up to 12 gallic acid residues per molecule. ref http www.natural specialities.com natural specialities en 8459 pentagalloyl glucose.html Pentagalloyl glucose on www.natural specialities.com ref Hydrolyzable tannins are hydrolyzed by weak acids or weak bases to produce carbohydrate and phenolic acid s. Examples of gallotannins are the gallic acid ester s of glucose in tannic acid C sub 76 sub H sub 52 sub O sub 46 sub , found in the leaf leaves and bark of many plant species. Uses Tannins, including gallo and ellagic acid epigallitannins , are inhibitors of Human immunodeficiency virus HIV replication. 1,3,4 Tri O galloylquinic acid , 3,5 di O galloyl shikimic acid , 3,4,5 tri O galloylshikimic acid , punicalin , punicalagin inhibited HIV replication in infected H9 lymphocyte s with little cytotoxicity. Two compounds, punicalin and punicacortein C , inhibited purified HIV reverse transcriptase . ref cite journal author Nonaka G, Nishioka I, Nishizawa M, et al. title Anti AIDS agents, 2 Inhibitory effects of tannins on HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells journal J. Nat. Prod. volume 53 issue 3 pages 587 95 year 1990 ... url ref References reflist tannin Hydrolysable tannin DEFAULTSORT Hydrolysable Tannin Category Tannins ... more details
A tannate is the salt or ester of tannic acid ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com tannate Medical Dictionary definition ref . Albumin tannate also known as Tannin albuminate is an antidiarrheal. References reflist tannin category tannins polyphenol stub ... more details
A profisetinidin is a type of condensed tannin s formed from fisetinidin . Mimosa and quebracho tannin s are, according to a comparative sup 13 sup C NMR study of polyflavonoids, found to be predominantly profisetinidin prorobinetidin type tannins ref http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6T6R 4PCGS47 3& user 4296857& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 991069994& rerunOrigin google& acct C000012518& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 4296857&md5 346f932d7d3478f0c4508c0b717cd89b Antioxidant activities of mangrove Rhizophora apiculata bark extracts, Afidah A. Rahima, Emmanuel Roccab, Jean Steinmetzb, M. Jain Kassima, M. Sani Ibrahima and Hasnah Osman, 2007 ref . The expected masses found in mass spectrometry in quebracho tannin are 561, 833, 1105, 1377, 1393, 1651, 1667. Quebracho also yields gallic acid . References reflist Condensed tannin category tannins polyphenol stub ... more details
italic title taxobox name Rhus pentaphylla image image caption regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Sapindales familia Anacardiaceae genus Rhus species R. pentaphylla binomial Rhus pentaphylla binomial authority Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin Jacq. Ren Louiche Desfontaines Desf. subdivision ranks Subspecies subdivision Rhus pentaphylla , the tizra tree, is a sumac shrub or small tree species in the genus Rhus found in North Africa, especially in Morroco. Its roots and heartwood are used to produce tannin of the condensed tannin condensed type . ref http cool.conservation us.org don dt dt3536.html Tizra on cool.conservation us.org ref References reflist External links wikispecies commons Tannin source Category Rhus pentaphylla Category Plants described in 1798 Anacardiaceae stub ... more details
refer Gary Tanin born 1952 , a veteran Milwaukee musician producer engineer Yamaya Tanin 1866 1940 , a Japanese admiral Zahir Tanin born 1956 , the Permanent Representative to the United Nations for Afghanistan See also Tannin disambiguation ... more details
Proline rich proteins PRPs is a class of intrinsically unstructured protein s ref http www.springerlink.com content gt3j4l3147821671 Characterization, stoichiometry, and stability of salivary protein tannin complexes by ESI MS and ESI MS MS. Francis Canon, Franck Pat , Emmanuelle Meudec, Th r se Marlin, V ronique Cheynier, Alexandre Giuliani and Pascale Sarni Manchado, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Volume 395, Number 8 d cembre 2009 ref IUP containing several repeats of a short proline rich sequence. Many tannin consuming animals secrete a tannin binding protein mucin in their saliva . Tannin binding capacity of salivary mucin is directly related to its proline content. Advantages in using salivary proline rich proteins PRPs to inactivate tannins are PRPs inactivate tannins to a greater extent than do dietary proteins this results in reduced fecal nitrogen losses, PRPs contain non specific nitrogen and nonessential amino acids this makes them more convenient for an animal to exploit rather than using up valuable dietary protein ref http www.users.muohio.edu hagermae tannin.pdf Tanins chemistry on www.users.muohio.edu ref . Example of this class of protein is protein IB5 IB5 , a human parotid salivary protein known to bind with polyphenols binding responsible for the astringency mouth feel . References reflist category proteins protein stub ... more details
Other uses Unitan disambiguation Unitan Infobox company name Unit n S.A.I.C.A. logo caption type Sociedades an nimas inscrito de capital abierto S.A.I.C.A. genre fate predecessor successor foundation founder defunct location city Buenos Aires location country Argentina location locations area served key people industry Quebracho tannin s products services revenue operating income net income aum assets equity owner num employees parent divisions subsid homepage footnotes intl Unit n is an Argentine company producing quebracho tree quebracho tannin s. Its production amounts to 40.OOO tonnes of tannins sold to the tanning industry, the drilling industry, for the enological tannin enological applications and as animal food. File F brica de tanino en Puerto Tirol.jpg thumb left Tannin production plant in Puerto Tirol Unitan possesses a production plant located in Puerto Tirol , Chaco Province ref http www.puertotirolchaco.gov.ar ?q node 13 Unit n on Puerto Tirol website ref References reflist External links http www.unitan.net our company Informations on quebracho tannins on Argentine company unitan website Category companies of Argentina Argentina company stub ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Eucalyptus redunca fossil range image image size 200px image caption regnum Plantae cladus Angiospermae cladus Eudicots cladus Core eudicots cladus Rosids cladus Eurosids I ordines Unassigned Eurosids I cladus Unassigned Rosids ordo Myrtales familia Myrtaceae genus Eucalyptus species E. redunca binomial Eucalyptus redunca binomial authority Johannes Conrad Schauer Schauer , in science synonyms subdivision ranks subdivision Eucalyptus redunca , the black marlock, black barked marlock , wandoo or myrtan, is a tree species in the genus Eucalyptus . E. redunca produces a tannin of the condensed tannin condensed type ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC2074141 pdf brjcancer00362 0173.pdf Induction of tumours by tannin extracts. K. S. Kirby, 1960 ref . See also List of Eucalyptus species List of honey plants Eucalyptus wandoo , first described as Eucalyptus redunca var. elata Eucalyptus redunca var. subangusta , Blakely, now known as Eucalyptus subangusta Blakely Brooker & Hopper ref http florabase.dec.wa.gov.au search current 12926 Eucalyptus redunca var. subangusta on florabase.dec.wa.gov.au ref References reflist External links wikispecies commons Tannin source category Eucalyptus redunca Myrtaceae stub ... more details
The Flavono ellagitannins or complex tannins are a class of tannin s formed from the complexation of an ellagitannin with a flavonoid. Flavono ellagitannins can be found in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata . ref http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 19798901 Tannins and related compounds. LXXI. Isolation and characterization of mongolicins A and B, novel flavono ellagitannins from Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Ishimaru K, Ishimatsu M, Nonaka G, Mihashi K, Iwase Y and Nishioka I, Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 1988, vol. 36, no9, pp. 3312 3318 ref Examples Acutissimin A Acutissimin B Epicutissimin A Mongolicin A Mongolicin B References reflist tannin Flavono ellagitannin category Flavono ellagitannins Natural phenol stub ... more details
A Proguibourtinidin leucoguibourtinidin is a type of condensed tannin s formed from guibourtinidin . They can be found in Guibourtia coleosperma the African rosewood ref http www.rsc.org publishing journals P1 article.asp?doi p19870001705 Synthesis of condensed tannins. Part 18. Stilbenes as potent nucleophiles in regio and stereo specific condensations novel guibourtinidol stilbenes from Guibourtia coleosperma, Jan P. Steynberg, Daneel Ferreira and David G. Roux, 1987 ref or in Cassia abbreviata ref http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6TH7 3THJ28R 19& user 4296857& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 991460766& rerunOrigin google& acct C000012518& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 4296857&md5 5865966d2d570adeaac5a799bb9ed8ea The structure and synthesis of proguibourtinidins from Cassia abbreviata, Elfranco Malan, , Ewald Swinny, Daneel Ferreira and Petrus Steynberg, 1996 ref . References reflist Condensed tannin category tannins polyphenol stub ... more details
Summary Information Description Spanish moss in a swamp at Little Ocmulgee State Park in Georgia. The moss hangs from white oak trees over tannin stained waters . Source self made Date July 2007 Location Middle Georgia, US Author Self Permission Public Domain other versions Licensing PD self date July 2007 ... more details
ShouldBeSVG fairuse logo Summary logo fur Article Binhai Mass Transit Use Infobox ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for displaying the identifying logo of the Tannin Binhai Mass Transit Owner Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Website History Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Binhai Mass Transit Corporation logo Source http www.ctbmt.cn http www.ctbmt.cn Portion Low resolution Purpose Must be specified if Use is not Infobox Org Brand Product Replaceability other information Licensing Non free logo ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 414204628 Name Gallagic acid ImageFile Gallagic acid.PNG ImageSize 200px ImageName Chemical structure of gallagic acid IUPACName OtherNames br Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 65995 62 2 CASNo Ref CASOther PubChem SMILES Oc4c6c1c c5c O o6 c oc O c1c c4O c c O c2O c C O O cc2O c O c O c5 c3c C O O cc O c O c3O InChI MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 28 sub H sub 14 sub O sub 18 sub MolarMass 638.39 g mol ExactMass 638.018013 u Appearance Density MeltingPt C BoilingPt C Solubility Gallagic acid is a polyphenolic chemical compound that can be found in the ellagitannins, a type of tannin, found in Punica granatum pomegranate ref http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 18773247 Antioxidant, antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of tannin rich fractions, ellagitannins and phenolic acids from Punica granatum L. Reddy Muntha K., Gupta Sashi K., Jacob Melissa R., Khan Shabana I. and Ferreira Daneel, Planta medica, 2007, vol. 73, no5, pp. 461 467 ref . It is a building block of the corresponding tannin punicalagins , punicalin , punicacortein C and 2 O galloyl punicalin . References reflist hydrolysable tannin category tannins Category Pyrogallols Category Chromenochromenes Category Trihydroxybenzoic acids Category Lactones Natural phenol stub ... more details
sometimes mentioned. These species provide tannin and a very hard, durable timber . Quebracho is sometimes used as a commercial name for the tannin derived from the trees or their timber. Other ... tannin s that can be extracted in quebracho sawmills from the heartwood of both red Schinopsis lorentzii ref http www.biochemj.org bj 060 0582 0600582.pdf Minor Constituents of Quebracho Tannin ... tannin content and a relatively low percentage of non tannins. The rather low acid and medium ... of Tumours by Tannin Extracts. K. S. Kirby, Br J Cancer. 1960 March 14 1 147 150.3. PMCID PMC2074141 ref . The heartwood contains from 20 to 30 percent tannin and 3 or 4 percent water soluble nontannin ... tannin s and gallic acid found in the sapwood constitute the raw material for the biosynthesis of the condensed tannin s found in the heartwood ref On the Changes of the Extractive Composition During ..., 1961 ref . Quebracho tannin is rich in profisetinidin s and prorobinetidin s. The expected masses found in mass spectrometry in negative mode in quebracho tannin are 289, 561, 833, 951, 1105, 1377 ... . Quebracho tannin is also sold as an enological tannin . The quabracho tannins structure is very ... they are much less expensive to produce than grape tannins ref http www.vinquiry.com pdf Tannin ... quebracho tannin ref http www.informaworld.com smpp content db all content a780793691 Tannin and tannate ... tannin source in the world. ref http www.cvtoscana.com Quebracho on www.cvtoscana.com Spanish ref Amongst ... photos 88679735 N00 482674653 Image of a chopped down tree Tannin source Plant common name Category ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa taxobox name Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Fabales familia Fabaceae genus Acacia species Acacia nilotica A. nilotica subspecies A. n. subsp. tomentosa trinomial Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa trinomial authority Benth. Brenan ref name ILDIS http www.ildis.org LegumeWeb?version 10.01&LegumeWeb&tno 330 ILDIS LegumeWeb ref synonyms Acacia arabica Lam. Willd. var. tomentosa Benth. Acacia nilotica L. Delile var. tomentosa Benth. A.F.Hill ref name ILDIS Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa is a perennial tree native to Africa , Asia and India . Uses Tannin The pods without seeds of A. nilotica subsp. tomentosa have a tannin content of about 50 . ref name fao http www.fao.org docrep V5360E v5360e0h.htm FAO ref References References Category Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa Category Plant subspecies Acacia stub ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 400996763 Name Punicalagin alpha ImageFile Alpha punicalagin.png ImageSize 200px ImageName Chemical structure of punicalagin alpha IUPACName OtherNames 1 alpha O galloylpunicalagin br Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo CASNo Ref CASOther PubChem SMILES InChI MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 55 sub H sub 32 sub O sub 34 sub MolarMass 1236.82 g mol ExactMass 1236.077498 u Appearance Density MeltingPt C BoilingPt C Solubility Punicalagin alpha is a punicalagin , a type of hydrolysable tannins. A study in Taiwan showed that punicalagin alpha 1 alpha O galloylpunicalagin induced nitric oxide production in a dose dependent manner in endothelial cells ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 18435486 Tannin 1 alpha O galloylpunicalagin induces the calcium dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase Akt pathway in endothelial cells. ref as well as inhibited Extracellular signal regulated kinases ERK , c Jun N terminal kinases JNK and Akt , all of which play roles in cancer growth, so their inhibition points to punicalagins potential as strong cancer suppressors. Fact date February 2009 References reflist hydrolysable tannin category tannins Category Pyrogallols Category Benzoates Natural phenol stub ... more details
Multiple issues advert June 2010 cleanup June 2010 lead too short June 2010 notable June 2010 unreferenced June 2010 travelguide June 2010 orphan September 2010 Tasek Merimbun is the biggest lake in Negara Brunei Darussalam as well as a tourist hotspot. The S shaped lake is located 27 km from Tutong Town and it is surrounded by the 7800 hectare Merimbun Heritage Park . Tasek Merimbun is dark in color a phenomenon generated by tannin stained waters tannin coming from leaves falling into the water. The lake supports a rich variety of fauna including birds, mammals and reptiles. Visitors can hire a boat to take them around to explore the lake and its two islands. There is a small island in the center body of water that can be reached via a wooden walkway. Here, picnic pavilion facilities fashion from logs enhance enjoyment of this restful spot. Chalet facilities for researchers are available nearby. coord 4 35 35 N 114 40 50 E type city region BN display title Category Landforms of Brunei Brunei geo stub ... more details
chembox Name Kinotannic acid ImageFile ImageSize 200px ImageName Chemical structure of kinotannic acid ImageAlt Chemical structure of kinotannic acid IUPACName OtherNames Coccotannic acid br kino tannic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo CASNo Ref CASOther PubChem SMILES InChI MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 18 sub H sub 18 sub O sub 8 sub ref http chestofbooks.com health materia medica drugs National Treatment Disease Pterocarpi Lignum Red Sandal Wood The Wood Of Pterocarpu.html Pterocarpi Lignum Red Sandal Wood. The Wood Of Pterocarpus Santalinus. From Ceylon on chestofbooks.com ref MolarMass g mol ExactMass u Appearance Density MeltingPt C BoilingPt C Solubility Kinotannic acid is the chief constituent of the kino gum kino gum , of which it contains 70 to 80 per cent. Kino also contains kino red, a phlobaphene produced from kinotannic acid by oxidation ref http www.henriettesherbal.com eclectic bpc1911 pterocarpus.html Pterocarpus on www.henriettesherbal.com ref . It is closely related to the tannin from catechu its non glucosidal nature was established by Bergholz ref Dissert. Dorpat, 1884 ref ref http www.henriettesherbal.com eclectic kings pterocarpus mars.html Kino U. S. P. Kino. on www.henriettesherbal.com ref . References reflist Hydrolysable tannin Category tannins polyphenol stub ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 403997908 Name Terflavin B ImageFile Terflavin B.PNG ImageSize 200px ImageName Chemical structure of terflavin B ImageAlt Chemical structure of terflavin B IUPACName OtherNames br Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 103744 86 1 CASNo Ref CASOther PubChem 44584734 SMILES C1 C C C C C1O O O C O OCC2C C C C O2 O O O OC O C3 CC C C C3C4 C C C5C6 C4C O OC7 C6C CC C7O O C O O5 O O O O O InChI MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 34 sub H sub 24 sub O sub 22 sub MolarMass 784.54 g mol ExactMass 784.075922 u Appearance Density MeltingPt C BoilingPt C Solubility Terflavin B is a tannin . It can be found in Myrobalanus chebula Terminalia chebula , the black chebulic, and in Terminalia catappa , the Indian almond ref http www.liberherbarum.com In4992.htm Terflavin B on www.liberherbarum.com ref . References reflist Hydrolysable tannin category tannins Category Pyrogallols Category Benzoates Natural phenol stub ... more details
for a small settlement in the Mallee region of Victoria, Australia Tarrango, Victoria Tarrango is a red grape variety used in Australian wine production. This slow ripening grape was created in 1965 by the CSIRO Horticultural Research Station at Merbein in Victoria Australia Victoria , Australia , as a hybrid of Touriga Nacional and Sultana grape Sultana in order to create wines of good acidity wine acidity , but low in grape tannins tannin . Its wines are often similar to Beaujolais in style. Requiring an unusually warm climate, it is principally grown in the wine producing areas of northern Victoria wine Victoria . References reflist Category Red wine grape varieties Australia stub de Tarrango wine grape stub ... more details
Raboso is a red wine grape grown primarily in northeastern Italy around Veneto . It produces deep colored wine, with notably high levels of grape tannins tannin but low alcohol content. The vine ripens late, producing good yields with high resistance to fungal disease and rot ref name Robinson pg 210 J. Robinson Vines, Grapes & Wines pg 210 Mitchell Beazley 1986 ISBN 1 85732 999 6 ref . References reflist Category Red wine grape varieties wine grape stub de Raboso it Raboso ... more details
Complexa is red Portuguese wine grape used in the production of Madeira wine Madeira . The grape was created as a Hybrid biology crossing of Castelao , Muscat Hamburg and Tintinha in the 1960s. The grape provides a deep color with less grape tannins tannin s than the commonly used Tinta Negra Mole . ref name Oxford pg 191 J. Robinson ed The Oxford Companion to Wine Third Edition pg 191 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0198609906 ref See also List of Portuguese grape varieties References reflist Category Red wine grape varieties Category Madeira wine wine grape stub ... more details
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