Refimprove date July 2007 SynchronousOpticalNetworking SONET and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH are standardized multiplexing protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber ... on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH DEFAULTSORT SynchronousOpticalNetworking Category SONET ... de SynchronousOptical Network es SONET fa fr SynchronousOptical Network it SONET he Synchronousopticalnetworking nl SONET ja SynchronousOptical Network pl SONET pt SONET ru SONET ... ref name techfest Difference from PDH Synchronousnetworking differs from Plesiochronous Digital ... refers to this basic unit as an STS 3c Synchronous Transport Signal 3, concatenated or Optical Carrier ... offers an additional basic unit of transmission, the STS 1 Synchronous Transport Signal 1 or Optical ... and possibly a trailer computing trailer , such as a Cyclic redundancy check CRC . In synchronousopticalnetworking, this is modified slightly. The header is termed the overhead , and instead ... archivedate 2008 04 07 title SynchronousOptical Network SONET work Web ProForums publisher ... Routing and wavelength assignment RWA Multiwavelength opticalnetworkingoptical mesh network ... CORE , SynchronousOptical Network SONET Transport Systems Common Generic Criteria October 2009 . Issue ...?sku ANSI T1.105.07 1996 28R2005 29 T1.105.07 1996 , SynchronousOptical Network SONET Sub ... and concatenated frame such as Optical Carrier OC 3c OC 3c into which ATM cells, IP packets, or Ethernet ... Transfer Mode ATM or so called packet over SONET SDH POS networking. As such, it is inaccurate ... performance. The basic unit of transmission The basic unit of framing in SDH is a STM 1 Synchronous ... in its optical form. It is therefore incorrect to say that an OC 3 contains 3 OC 1s an OC 3 ... overhead MSOH . The fourth row from the top contains pointers. The STM 1 Synchronous Transport Module, level 1 frame is the basic transmission format for SDH the first level of the synchronous digital ... more details
Opticalnetworking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication SynchronousopticalnetworkingOptical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Multiple issues weasel January 2010 COI January 2010 Infobox company company name ADVA AG OpticalNetworking ... Report 2010 accessdate 13 March 2011 publisher ADVA OpticalNetworking ref operating income 9.3 million ... www.advaoptical.com intl yes ADVA OpticalNetworking is a telecommunications vendor ref name Fibre Systems ... ref that provides network equipment for data, storage, voice and video services. ADVA OpticalNetworking ... company B400011001 title Fibre Systems Europe ref . Corporate history 1994 ADVA OpticalNetworking .... 1995 ADVA OpticalNetworking launches its first product the Escon Multiplexer. This product was used by Westf lische Landesbank. 1996 ADVA OpticalNetworking adds sales offices in mainland Europe and one in New Jersey, USA. 1997 ADVA OpticalNetworking sells media converters to its first carrier customer COLT Telecom Group . 1998 ADVA OpticalNetworking launches its second product generation the Optical Channel Multiplexer OCM . 1999 ADVA OpticalNetworking launches its third generation of products the Fiber Service Platform FSP I and FSP II. 1999 ADVA OpticalNetworking makes an initial public ... adva1.asp title Optical Keyhole Daily ref . 2000 ADVA OpticalNetworking launches its fourth generation of products the FSP 3000 and the FSP 500. 2000 ADVA OpticalNetworking acquires Storage Area ... Division. 2001 ADVA OpticalNetworking opens an R&D, production and administration facility in Meiningen 2001 2003 ADVA OpticalNetworking builds market share in North America and Asia, signing OEM agreements with Fujitsu and Hitachi Ltd . 2003 ADVA OpticalNetworking launches the FSP 1500, a Generic ... OpticalNetworking acquires Metro Packet Systems, Inc. 2004 ADVA OpticalNetworking launches its first FSP 150 Ethernet access product. 2006 ADVA OpticalNetworking acquires Covaro Networks, Inc. and Movaz Networks, Inc. 2008 ADVA OpticalNetworking achieves annual revenue of EUR 217.7 million. 2009 ADVA OpticalNetworking achieves annual revenue of EUR 232.8 million. Chief officers CEO Brian Protiva ... more details
Multiwavelength opticalnetworking MONET , is a method for communicating digital information using laser s over optical fiber . The method provides the next level of communication networks after SONET optical networks. MONET optical networks provide an even greater Bandwidth computing bandwidth capacity. This new method employs Wave division multiplexing WDM technology for transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic and allow for interoperability between equipment from different vendors. First developed by the secretive National Security Agency as author James Bamford points out in his book, Body of Secrets Anatomy of the Ultra Secret National Security Agency . It was also discussed at the 1996 Military Communications Conference. References http www.bell labs.com project MONET Multiwavelength OpticalNetworking Consortium http www.amazon.com dp 020130967X Multiwavelength Optical Networks A layered Approach by Thomas E. Stern and Krishna Bala http www.amazon.com dp 0385499086 Body of Secrets Anatomy of the Ultra Secret National Security Agency by James Bamford http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpl freeabs all.jsp?tp &arnumber 568597&isnumber 12345 Military Communications Conference, 1996 Category SONET Category Fiber optic communications Category Network protocols ... more details
merge Synchronous programming language date February 2011 Synchronous Programming also Synchronous reactive programming or SRP is a computer programming Programming paradigm paradigm . Implementations The ESTEREL language is an example of a synchronous programming language. ref name Berry Gonthier G. Berry and G. Gonthier. The synchronous programming language ESTEREL Design, semantics, implementation. Science of Computer Programming , 19 2 , 1992. ref See also Asynchronous programming References Reflist Category Programming paradigms Compu prog stub fr Programmation synchrone ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2010 Synchronous Idle SYN is the ASCII control character 22 0x16 , represented as tt V tt in caret notation . Synchronous Idle is used in some synchronous serial communication systems such as teletype s or the bisync protocol to provide a signal from which synchronous correction may be achieved between data terminal equipment, particularly when no other character is being transmitted. The SYN character has the bit pattern 00010110, which has the property that it is distinct from any bit wise rotation of itself. This helps bit alignment of sequences of synchronous idles. See also Syncword C0 and C1 control codes ASCII DEFAULTSORT Synchronous Idle Category Control characters Compu stub ... more details
In telecommunication s, a synchronous network is a telecommunications network network in which clocks are controlled to run, ideally, at identical rates, or at the same mean rate with a fixed relative phase waves phase displacement, within a specified limited range. Ideally, the clocks are Synchronization synchronous , but they may be mesochronous in practice. By common usage, such mesochronous networks are frequently described as synchronous . References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications terms telecomm term stub ... more details
A synchronous orbit is an orbit in which an orbiting body usually a satellite has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited usually a planet , and in the same direction of rotation as that body. Properties A satellite in a synchronous orbit that is both equator ial and circle circular will appear to be suspended motionless above a point on the orbited planet s equator. This is also known as a geostationary orbit . However, a synchronous orbit need not be equatorial nor circular. A body in a non equatorial synchronous orbit will appear to oscillate north and south above a point on the planet s equator, while a body in an ellipse elliptical orbit will appear to oscillate eastward and westward. As seen from the orbited body the combination of these two motions produces a figure 8 pattern called an analemma . Nomenclature Like many orbital terms synchronous orbits take on special names depending on the body being orbited. The following are some of the more common names. A synchronous orbit about the Earth that is circular and lies in the equatorial plane is called ... or is non circular is called a geosynchronous orbit . The corresponding terms for synchronous orbits ... synchronous orbits are employed by artificial satellites used for communication, such as geostationary satellites . For natural satellites, which can attain a synchronous orbit only by tidal locking tidally locking their parent body, it always goes in hand with synchronous rotation of the satellite. This is because the smaller body becomes tidally locked faster, and by the time a synchronous orbit is achieved, it has had a locked synchronous rotation for a long time already. See also Subsynchronous orbit Supersynchronous orbit Supersynchronous or Graveyard orbit Synchronous rotation Sun synchronous orbit List of orbits References FS1037C orbits Category Astrodynamics Category Orbits ... sincrona ja ru simple Synchronous orbit zh ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Synchronous learning refers to a group of people learning the same things at the same time in the same place. This is the type of pedagogy practiced in most schools and undergraduate programs, but not in Graduate school graduate programs. Lecture is an example of synchronous learning in a face to face environment and with the advent of web conferencing tools, people can learn at the same time in different places as well. For example, use of instant messaging or live chat, webinars and video conferencing allow for students and teachers to collaborate and learn in real time. Resources http technologysource.org article distance learning and synchronous interaction Foreman, Joel. Distance Learning and Synchronous Interaction. The Technology Source Archives at the University of Carolina, July August, 2003. http www.educause.edu EDUCAUSE Quarterly EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum AsynchronousandSynchronousELea 163445 http net.educause.edu ir library pdf EQM0848.pdf Asynchronous and Synchronous E Learning. EDUCAUSE Quarterly Volume 31, Number 4, 2008 and http www.ncolr.org jiol issues PDF 6.3.6.pdf Park, Yun Jeong and Bonk, Curtis J. 245 Synchronous Learning Experiences Distance and Residential.... Volume 6, Number 3, Winter 2007 Category Education theory DEFAULTSORT Synchronous Learning Edu stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 File Synchronous motor generator set for AC to DC conversion Rankin Kennedy, Electrical Installations, Vol II, 1909 .jpg thumb A synchronous motor generator set for Alternating current AC to Direct current DC conversion. A classic synchronous electric motor is an AC motor ... at synchronous speed . Contrast this with an induction motor , which must slip in order to produce ..., angular speed speed is determined by the number of pairs of poles and the line frequency. Synchronous ... industrial sizes. In the fractional horsepower range, most synchronous motors are used where precise constant speed is required. In high horsepower industrial sizes, the synchronous motor provides ... major types of synchronous motors non excited and direct current excited , which have no self ... machine is the third type of synchronous motor with all the theoretical qualities of the synchronous ... magnet synchronous generator . Reluctance motor Reluctance designs have ratings that range from sub ... motor operating speed. AC motor Hysteresis synchronous motors Hysteresis motors are manufactured in sub .... The rotor poles connect to each other and move at the same speed hence the name synchronous motor. Synchronous motors fall under the category of synchronous machines which also includes the alternator synchronous generator . These machines are commonly used in analog electric clocks, timers and other devices where correct time is required. The synchronous speed of a synchronous motor is determined ... supply in Hertz Hz and math n math is the number of magnetic poles. Different from all other synchronous motors, the synchronous brushless wound rotor doubly fed electric machine operates from sub synchronous to super synchronous speeds or twice synchronous speed. Parts A synchronous motor is composed ... The operation of a synchronous motor is simple to imagine. The armature winding, when excited ... of synchronization. Starting methods Synchronous motors are not self starting motors. This property ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A synchronous inverter is an inverter electrical inverter that additionally feeds power to and from the public power grid . During a period of overproduction from the Electrical generator generating source, power is routed into the power grid, thereby being sold to the local power company. During insufficient power production, it allows for power to be purchased from the power company. See also Inverter electrical References http www.daviddarling.info encyclopedia S AE synchronous inverter.html Synchronous Inverters patent US 4362950 electric power stub Category Electric power systems components Category Electrical power conversion de Synchronwandler ... more details
Image Synchronous rotation.svg thumb Due to synchronous rotation of their moon, the inhabitants of the central body will never be able to see its side marked with green. In astronomy , synchronous rotation is a planetology planetological term describing a body orbit ing another, where the orbiting body takes as long to rotate on its axis of rotation axis as it does to make one orbit and therefore always keeps the same hemisphere pointed at the body it is orbiting. Another way of describing it is that from the surface of the satellite, the main planet appears to be locked in place in the sky as it slowly rotates. The Moon is in synchronous rotation about the Earth . In fact, most major natural satellite moons in the solar system have synchronous rotation due to tidal locking . See also Tidal locking Tidal acceleration Rotation Synchronous orbit Orbital resonance External links http www.mhhe.com physsci astronomy arny instructor graphics ch06 0611.html Diagram illustrating the Moon s synchronous rotation Category Planetary science astronomy stub af Sinkroniese omwenteling als Gebundene Rotation ar bg ca Rotaci s ncrona cs V zan rotace da Bunden rotation de Gebundene Rotation es Rotaci n s ncrona eo Ligita rotacio fr Rotation synchrone ko hr Sinkrona rotacija it Rotazione sincrona he nl Synchronisatiehoogte ja no Bundet rotasjon nn Bunden rotasjon nds Bunnen Rotatschoon pl Obr t synchroniczny pt Rota o sincronizada sk Viazan rot cia sl So asno vrtenje sv Bunden rotation vi Qu o quay ng b zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A synchronous circuit is a digital circuit in which the parts are synchronized by a clock signal . In an ideal synchronous circuit, every change in the logical levels of its storage components is simultaneous. These transitions follow the level change of a special signal called the clock . Ideally, the input to each storage element has reached its final value before the next clock occurs, so the behaviour of the whole circuit can be predicted exactly. Practically, some delay is required for each logical operation, resulting in a maximum speed at which each synchronous system can run. To make these circuits work correctly, a great deal of care is needed in the design of the Clock Distribution Networks . Static timing analysis is often used to determine the maximum safe operating speed. See also Asynchronous circuit Moore machine Mealy machine Finite state machine DEFAULTSORT Synchronous Circuit Category Electrical circuits Category Clock signal Electronics stub fr Processeur synchrone ko ja fi Synkroninen piiri zh ... more details
Synchronous conferencing is the formal term used in science , in particular in computer mediated communication , Computer supported collaboration collaboration and Web based training learning , to describe online chat technologies. It has arisen at a time when the term online chat chat had a negative connotation. Today it is occasionally also extended to mean video conferencing audio video conferencing or instant messaging systems, given they provide a text based multi user chat function. The word synchronous in this case is not to be considered a technical term, but rather describing how it is perceived by humans chat happens in real time before your eyes. Synchronous conferencing protocols include Internet Relay Chat IRC Internet Relay Chat PSYC Protocol for Synchronous Conferencing SILC protocol SILC Secure Internet Live Conferencing protocol Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol See also Collaborative software Groupware MUD s Multi User Dungeons References Unreferenced date June 2008 references Computer mediated communication Category On line chat Category Teleconferencing Category Educational technology Category Groupware ... more details
Image Synchronous condenser.jpg thumb right A synchronous condenser at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory In electrical engineering , a synchronous condenser or synchronous compensator is a device identical to a synchronous Turbo generator generator or Synchronous motor motor , but whose shaft is not connected to anything. ref B. M. Weedy, Electric Power Systems Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, London ... of synchronous condensers are sometimes used in association with high voltage direct current ... from a synchronous condenser can be continuously adjusted. In addition, reactive power from a capacitor bank decreases with voltage decrease, while a synchronous condenser can increase current as voltage ... Most synchronous condensers connected to electrical grids are rated between 20 MVAR and 200 MVAR and many are hydrogen cooled. Theory As the load on a synchronous motor increases, the stator current ... excited synchronous motor has a leading power factor. This makes it useful for power factor correction ... system. In an industrial plant, synchronous motors can be used to supply some of the reactive power required by induction motors. This improves the plant power factor and reduces supply current. A synchronous ... electrical harmonic s some harmonics can even be absorbed by synchronous condensers . They will not produce .... The use of rotating synchronous condensers was common through the 1950s. They remain an alternative ... experienced with harmonics causing capacitor overheating and catastrophic failures. Synchronous condensers ... proportion to the square of its terminal voltage, where a synchronous condenser s reactive ... location to another within an electric power distribution system . Synchronous Condensers may also ... ecow get generalinf presentati presentati heydt synchronous mach sep03.pdf A Short Course on Synchronous Machines and Synchronous Condensers http www.idealelectricco.com products pdf synchronous condensers.pdf Specifying and Using Synchronous Condensers for Power Factor Correction and Voltage Support ... more details
original research date April 2010 unreferenced date April 2010 orphan date March 2010 A synchronous or synchronized culture is a microbiological culture or a cell culture that contains cell biology cell s that are all in the same cell growth growth stage. Since numerous factors influence the cell cycle, some of them stochastic random , normal, non synchronous cultures have cells in all stages of the cell cycle . Obtaining a culture with a unified cell cycle stage is very useful for biological research. Since cells are too small for certain research techniques, a synchronous culture can be treated as a single cell the number of cells in the culture can be easily estimated, and quantitative experimental results can simply be divided in the number of cells to obtain values that apply to a single cell. Synchronous cultures have been extensively used to address questions regarding cell cycle and growth, and the effects of various factors on these. Synchronous cultures can be obtained in several ways External conditions can be changed, so as to arrest growth of all cells in the culture, and then changed again to resume growth. The newly growing cells are now all starting to grow at the same stage, and they are synchronized. For example, for photosynthesis photosynthetic cells light can be eliminated for several hours and then re introduced. Another method is to eliminate an essential nutrient from the growth medium and later to re introduce it. Cell growth can also be arrested using chemical growth inhibition growth inhibitors . After growth has completely stopped for all cells, the inhibitor can be easily removed from the culture and the cells then begin to grow synchronously. Nocodazole , for example, is often used in biological research for this purpose. Cells in different growth stages have different physical properties. Cells in a culture can thus be physically separated ... a synchronous culture. Category Microbiology techniques Category Molecular biology techniques Category ... more details
In general relativity , a synchronous reference system is a coordinate system in which the metric tensor metric takes the form math ds 2 dt 2 h ab dx adx b math , where the Latin indices a and b are summed over the spatial directions and math h ab math is a spatial metric. Any metric can locally be put into this form by a coordinate transformation. This Coordinate conditions coordinate condition is called synchronous because the t coordinate defines proper time for all comoving observers. However, it is not uniquely defined, and therefore is not a gauge theory gauge , as the spacelike hypersurface at math t 0 math can be chosen arbitrarily. Another problem with the reference system is that caustic optics caustic s can occur which cause the gauge choice to break down. These problems have caused some difficulties doing cosmological perturbation theory in this system, however the problems are now well understood. Synchronous coordinates are generally considered the most efficient reference system for doing calculations, and are used in many modern cosmology codes, such as CMBFAST . They are also useful for solving theoretical problems in which a spacelike hypersurface needs to be fixed, as with spacelike gravitational singularity singularities . References cite book author Carroll, Sean M. title Spacetime and Geometry An Introduction to General Relativity location San Francisco publisher Addison Wesley year 2004 isbn 0 8053 8732 3 . See section 7.2 . cite journal title Cosmological perturbation theory in the synchronous and conformal Newtonian gauges author C. P. Ma and E. Bertschinger journal Astrophysics J. volume 455 pages 7&ndash 25 year 1995 doi 10.1086 176550 bibcode 1995ApJ...455....7M cite book author Lev Landau Landau, L.D. and Evgeny Lifshitz Lifshitz, E.M. title The Classial Theory of Fields location England publishes Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann year 1972 isbn 0 7506 2768 9 publisher Butterworth Heinemann . See section 97. Category Coordinate charts in general ... more details
Source Synchronous clocking refers to the technique of sourcing a clock along with the data. Specifically, the timing of unidirectional data signals is referenced to a clock often called the strobe sourced by the same device that generates those signals, and not to a global clock i.e. generated by a bus master . This type of clocking is common in high speed interfaces between micro chips, including SGI XIO interface, Intel Front Side Bus for the x86 and Itanium processors, HyperTransport , SPI 4.2 and many others. Reasons for usage A reason that source synchronous clocking is useful is that it has been observed that all of the circuits within a given semiconductor device experience roughly the same process voltage temperature PVT variation. This means signal propagation delay experienced by the data through a device tracks the delay experienced by the clock through that same device over PVT. This advantage allows higher speed operation as compared to the traditional technique of providing the clock from a third device to both the transmitter and the receiver. Another benefit is that higher complexity data recovery or clock data recovery circuits such as PLL s are not required when this technique is used. Or rather than higher clock speeds, large systems that take advantage of source synchronous clocking can have the benefit of a higher tolerance of PVT variation of its individual components. Drawbacks One drawback of using source synchronous clocking is the creation of a separate clock domain at the receiving device, namely the clock domain of the strobe generated by the transmitting device. This strobe clock domain is often not synchronous to the core clock domain of the receiving device. For proper operation of the received data with other data already present in the device, an additional stage of synchronization logic is required to transfer the received data into the core clock domain of the receiving device. This stage can often be found alongside source synchronous ... more details
, different from one another. Synchronous frame As concluded from EquationNote eq. 17 , the condition ... g 00 1, quad g 0 alpha 0, , math EquationRef eq. 18 is called synchronous frame . The interval element ... In synchronous frame time lines are geodesics in the 4 dimensional spacetime. These lines are normal ... can be used to construct synchronous frame in any spacetime. To this end, choose some time like hypersurface ... the result is a synchronous frame. Obviously, such a construct, and hence, choice of synchronous .... An analytic transformation to synchronous frame can be done with the use of Hamilton&ndash Jacobi ... more details
neighboring pairs.This type of cable is used only for home networkingOptical fiber cable main Optical fiber cable An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fiber s. The optical ... Optical link List of device bandwidths colend References reflist DEFAULTSORT Networking Cables Category Cables Category Ethernet cables Category Signal cables Category Networking hardware da ...Networking Cables are used to connect one network device to other or to connect two or more computers to share printer computing printer , Image scanner scanner etc. Different types of network cables like Coaxial cable , Optical fiber cable , Twisted Pair cables are used depending on the network s network topology topology , Network Protocols protocol and size. The devices can be separated by a few meters e.g. via Ethernet or nearly unlimited distances e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet . While Wireless network wireless may be the wave of the future, most computer networks today still utilize cables to transfer signals from one point to another ref http www.networktutorials.info cabling.html Network Cables ref . Twisted pair main Twisted pair Twisted pair cabling is a form of wiring in which two conductors the forward and return conductors of a single Electronic circuit circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference EMI from external sources for instance, electromagnetic radiation Twisted pair are classified into two types unshielded ... cable is an electric al or optical cable, used to connect one electronic or optical device to another ... connecting two personal computer s via their Computer networking network adapters. Power lines Although power wires are not designed for networking applications, new technologies like Power line communication ... category Network infrastructure colbegin 3 RJ45 Transmission line Structured cabling Light Peak Optical interconnect Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Optical communication Optical cable ... more details
Mesh networking topology is a type of networking where each node must not only capture and disseminate its own data, but also serve as a relay for other sensor nodes, that is, it must collaborate to propagate the data in the network. A mesh network can be designed using a flooding technique or a routing technique. When using a routing technique, the message propagates along a path, by hopping from node to node until the destination is reached. For insuring all its paths availability, a routing network must allow for continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths, using ... schools in developing nations and uses mesh networking based on the IEEE 802.11s standard ... networking was used at the Strawberry Fair to run mobile live television, radio and Internet services ... 2008 02 23 ref The Champaign Urbana Community Wireless Network CUWiN project is developing mesh networking ... and Expected Transmission Count metric. Additionally, the Wireless Networking Group ref citeweb title Wireless Networking Group url http www.crhc.illinois.edu wireless netx.html ref in the University .... ref citeweb title Wireless Networking Group url http www.crhc.illinois.edu wireless papers ... Mesh Networking. An examples is ITU T G.hn , a standard that specifies a high speed up to 1 Gigabit ... networks ZigBee Optical mesh network Mesh network applications Wireless mesh network History of wireless mesh networking Distinct radio node deployments of Wireless Mesh Networking BioWeb Wireless ... Wizzy Digital Courier Delay tolerant networking References reflist External links Only links to sites that provide actual information about mesh networking. No links to sites that primarily ... Limits of MANETS http www.ted.com talks view id 212 Robin Chase discusses Zipcar and Mesh networking Robin Chase talks at the Ted conference about the future of mesh networking and eco technology ... to the Wireless Mesh Networks Category Network topology Category Networks Category Wireless networking ... more details
Infobox Company type Subsidiary foundation flagicon USA United States location flagicon USA United States industry Computer networking parent Cisco Systems Hammerhead Networking is a computer networking company based in the United States . It was acquired by Cisco Systems on May 1, 2002. Category Software companies of the United States Category Cisco Systems acquisitions US software company stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Taste networking , also called value networking , is a specific mode of social networking that uses personal tastes as a basis for making social connections in an online environment. Whereas the majority of existing social network service s use schools, workplaces, geographic locations or pre existing friends to connect users, sites that use the taste networking model use tastes and values. Assessing users preferences in any number of areas the model s pioneering site, MyTrybe covers the full spectrum of arts and entertainment categories music, film and TV, gaming, the visual arts, and so on, plus a variety of lifestyle topics food, travel, fashion and news , taste networking services connect users based on their similarities. The theory behind this model is that it allows users to make more personally relevant social connections than does the standard social networking model. By using more granular tastes and values, that is, rather than the broad commonalities implied by membership to a school, workplace, or the like, this model is able to make high quality, individually tailored connections. One major advantage of the concept is that it allows for the seamless integration of both online social networking and content delivery. Within a taste networking environment, content has a particular relevance social connections are made based on substantive preferences that can be expressed and tracked easily through content. And, since users are already filtered by their preferences in this model, content can be easily personalized as well. MyTrybe, for example, is a dual service, offering both social networking and social bookmarking platforms. It offers users the chance to network with others based on their shared taste, and to get personalized content recommendations through that network called a Trybe in this case . References Glazowski, Paul. MyTrybe ... at 10 20 AM PST. http mashable.com 2008 02 01 mytrybe Category Social networking services ... more details
For other uses, see Metric . Context date October 2009 Unreferenced date January 2009 Metrics is a property of a routing route in computer networking , consisting of any value used by routing algorithms to determine whether one route should perform better than another. The routing table stores only the best possible routes, while link state or topological databases may store all other information as well. For example, Routing Information Protocol uses hopcount number of hops to determine the best possible route. A Metric can include measuring link utilisation using SNMP number of hops hop count speed of the path packet loss router congestion conditions Lag latency delay path reliability path Bandwidth computing bandwidth throughput SNMP query routers Load computing load Maximum transmission unit MTU In EIGRP , metrics is represented by an integer from 0 to 4294967295. In Microsoft Windows XP routing it ranges from 1 to 9999. A Metric can be considered as ref http dx.doi.org 10.1016 j.comnet.2004.11.003 S. D. Rao, C. S. R. Murthy Distributed dynamic QoS aware routing in WDM optical networks , Computer Networks, Volume 48, Issue 4, 15 July 2005, Pages 585 604 ref additive the total cost of a path is the sum of the costs of individual links along the path, concave the total cost of a path is the minimum of the costs of individual links along the path, multiplicative the total cost of a path is the product of the costs of individual links along the path. A survey of routing metrics can be found http rainer.baumann.info public tik262.pdf here . Service Level Metrics Service Level Metrics are concerned with the end user s experience of using the product. Availability The availability of a computer network or an individual service may be expressed using the notation hh d ww. For a 24 hour service, seven days a week, available all year around, this would be expressed 24 7 52 where the 52 stands for the number of weeks in a year . Service providers usually express that a ser ... more details
Networking hardware typically refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer networking computer network . Typically, this includes router s, network switch switches , ethernet hub hubs , Gateway telecommunications gateways , wireless access point access point s, network interface card s, Networking cables , network bridge s, modem s, Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN adapters , Firewall computing firewalls and other related hardware. The most common kind of networking hardware today is copper based Ethernet Network interface card adapters , helped largely by its standard inclusion on most modern computer systems. 802.11 Wireless networking has become increasingly popular, however, especially for portable and handheld devices. Other hardware prevalent within computer networking is datacenter equipment such as file server s, database server s and storage area network storage area s , network service s such as Domain name system DNS , DHCP , email etc as well as other specific network devices such as Content Delivery Network content delivery . Other diverse devices which may be considered Networking hardware include mobile phone s, Personal digital assistant PDAs and even modern coffee machine s. As technology grows and Internet Protocol IP based networks are integrated into building infrastructure and household utilities, network hardware becomes an ambiguous statement owing to the increasing number of network capable endpoints. External links http fcit.usf.edu network chap3 chap3.htm USF Explanation of network hardware http www.networkliquidators.com ISO 2008 Certified Website Commonscat Network hardware Category Networking hardware be x old et Sidev rguseadmed es Hardware de red pt Hardware de rede ru ... more details
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