in Paris 9th February 1920 , commonly called the SvalbardTreaty or the Spitsbergen Treaty for short, recognises the full and absolute sovereignty of Norway over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard ... the 200 nautical mile 370 km zone Mainly the dispute is about whether the SvalbardTreaty also is in effect ..., USA snuser p Svalbard olje by Torbj rn Pedersen , page 14 ref If the treaty comes into effect ... all hl 19200209 000.html SvalbardTreaty and Ratification in Norwegian http www.regjeringen.no ...The Treaty between Norway, The United States of America, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands ..., and not all Norwegian law applies. The treaty regulates the Demilitarized zone demilitarisation ... texte tre 19200209 001.html Original Spitsbergen Treaty ref Several additional nations signed within the next five years before the treaty came into force, including the Soviet Union in 1924 and Germany and Republic of China China in 1925. There are now over 40 signatories. The treaty was submitted for registration in the League of Nations Treaty Series on October 21, 1920. ref League of Nations Treaty Series , vol. 2, pp. 8 19 ref Of the original signatories Japan was the last to ratify the treaty on 2 August 1925. Subsequently, on 14 August 1925, the treaty came into force. ref http www.lovdata.no all hl 19200209 000.html Spitsbergen Treaty and Ratification in Norwegian ref Norway then took .... History Svalbard began as a territory free of a nation, with multiple people from different ... . Having no nation left Svalbard largely free of any regulations or laws, though there were conflicts ... deposits were found in Svalbard and continual conflicts between miners and owners created a need for a government. The Treaty By 9 February 1920 the Spitsbergen Treaty was signed in Paris during the Versailles negotiations after World War I. In this treaty, international diplomacy recognized Norwegian ... to Svalbard. This includes Svalbard is part of Norway Svalbard is completely controlled and part ... more details
were established. The Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty , and the 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. This act also established Svalbard as a free ... Central Intelligence Agency date 15 January 2010 accessdate 24 March 2010 ref The treaty defines Svalbard ... english geografi svalbard accessdate 24 March 2010 ref ref name treaty cite news title SvalbardTreaty publisher Wikisource url http en.wikisource.org wiki SvalbardTreaty date 9 February .... ref Arlov 1996 305 306 ref The treaty took effect on 14 August 1925, at the same time as the Svalbard ... to adhere to the Svalbardtreaty and demilitarization pact signed by all parties in the 1920 s. A transparent ... MS Nordsyssel , the Governor s vessel, docked at Ny lesund The SvalbardTreaty of 1920 established ... came into effect in 1925, following the Svalbard Act . All forty signatory countries of the treaty have .... Svalbard is a demilitarized zone , as the treaty prohibits the establishment of military installations ... SvalbardTreaty publisher Governor of Svalbard url http www.sysselmannen.no hovedEnkel.aspx?m 45301 ...Other uses Infobox country conventional long name Svalbard common name Svalbard image flag Flag of Norway.svg ... largest city capital government type Region of Norway leader title1 Governor of Svalbard Governor ... 22 01 en.html title Population in the settlements. Svalbard publisher Statistics Norway date 22 October ... top level domains publisher Norid accessdate 24 March 2010 ref calling code 47 47 Svalbard is an archipelago ... outpost of Sveagruva . The archipelago is administered by the Governor of Svalbard . The islands ... Centre in Svalbard and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault . No roads connect the settlements instead snowmobiles, aircraft and boats serve inter community transport. Svalbard Airport, Longyear ... with significantly higher temperatures than other areas at the same latitude. The flora of Svalbard flora take advantage of the long period of midnight sun to compensate for the polar night . Svalbard ... more details
Reflist 1 External links Sisterlinks Svalbard Wikiatlas Svalbard Wikisource SvalbardTreaty http ... of Norway Image LocationSvalbard.png thumb The location of Svalbard Image SVALBARD.jpg thumb An enlargeable map of SvalbardSvalbard is an Norway incorporated territory of the Kingdom of Norway comprising the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean about midway between mainland Norway and the North ... publications the world factbook geos sv.html title Svalbard work The World Factbook publisher United ... settlement is Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen . The Spitsbergen Treaty recognises Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard and the 1925 Svalbard Act makes Svalbard a full part of the Norwegian Kingdom. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Svalbard TOC limit limit 2 General reference Image Svalbard CIA WFB Map.png thumb An enlargeable basic map of Svalbard International Phonetic Alphabet Pronunciation Common English country name Svalbard Official English country name Svalbard of the Kingdom of Norway Common endonym s List of countries and capitals in native languages ... forms of place names Countries and nations Demonym s Etymology Name of Svalbard ISO country codes for Svalbard and Jan Mayen SJ, SJM, 745 ISO region codes for Svalbard and Jan Mayen See ISO 3166 2 SJ Internet country code top level domain for Norway .no Geography of Svalbard Image Topographic map of Svalbard.svg thumb An enlargeable topographic map of Svalbard Main Geography of SvalbardSvalbard ... European Summer Time UTC 02 Extreme points of Svalbard High Newtontoppen convert 1717 m ft 0 abbr on Low Arctic Ocean 0 m Land boundaries none Coastline 3,587 km Population of Svalbard xxxxx Wikipedia WikiProject Topic outline Drafts Topic outline of Svalbard Area of Svalbard 61,022 km sup 2 sup commons Atlas of Svalbard Atlas of Svalbard Environment of Svalbard Image W W Svalbard LandSat7 21.14475E 78.71545N.png thumb An enlargeable satellite image of Svalbard Main Environment of Svalbard ... more details
One source date April 2011 Politics of Svalbard Politics of Norway The Spitsbergen Treaty recognises Norway Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard . However, there are restrictions to Norway s rule in Svalbard as explained below in the Spitsbergen Treaty. Treaties and Acts Spitsbergen TreatySvalbard began ... including fishing , whaling , mining , tourism , and research . Having no nation left Svalbard ... found in Svalbard and continual conflicts between miners and owners created a need for a government. By 9 February 1920 the Spitsbergen Treaty was signed in Paris during the Versailles negotiations after World War I. In this treaty, international diplomacy recognized Norwegian sovereignty the Norwegian administration went in effect by 1925 as well as other principles relating to Svalbard. This includes Svalbard is part of Norway Svalbard is completely controlled and part of the Kingdom of Norway. However, Norway s power over Svalbard is restricted to limitations listed below Taxation This allows taxes to be collected, but only enough to support Svalbard and the Svalbard government. This results in lower taxes than mainland Norway and the exclusion of any taxes on Svalbard supporting Norway directly. Also, Svalbard s revenues and expenses are separately budgeted from mainland Norway. Environmental conservation Norway must respect and preserve the Svalbard environment Non discrimination All citizens and all companies of every nation under the treaty are allowed to become residents and to have access to Svalbard including the right to fish , Hunting hunt or undertake any kind of sea maritime , industry industrial , mining or trade activity. The residents of Svalbard must follow Norwegian .... Military restrictions Article 9 prohibits naval bases and fortifications and also the use of Svalbard ... The following 39 countries are participating in the treaty Afghanistan , Albania , Argentina ... or Soviet population of Svalbard considerably exceeded the Norwegian population, although this no longer ... more details
Politics of Svalbard The Svalbard Act of 17 July 1925 no. 11 , normally referred to as the Svalbard Act lang no Lov om Svalbard or colloquially lang no Svalbardloven , is a law of Norway which governs the major aspects of the Svalbard archipelago. The law was passed by the Parliament of Norway on 17 July 1925, establishes Norwegian sovereignty of the island, and states that Norwegian criminal law , Civil law area civil law and procedure law are enforced on the island. Otherwise, other provisions and laws only apply when specified. The act further established the policy for administration, including creating the Governor of Svalbard , and since 2002, Longyearbyen Community Council . The act also establishes rules for real estate and environmental protection. ref cite web url http www.sysselmannen.no hovedEnkel.aspx?m 45302 title Svalbard Act publisher Governor of Svalbard accessdate 26 March 2010 ref The act was passed as a response to the Spitsbergen Treaty of 9 February 1920, which established Norwegian sovereignty of Svalbard, but limited the archipelago to a free economic zone and demilitarized zone . The act established the basis for a civilized society on the islands, which had previously been subject to lawlessness among mining companies, fishers and hunters. ref cite book title Svalbards historie last Arlov first Thor B. year 1996 publisher Aschehoug location Oslo language Norwegian isbn 82 03 22171 8 page 319 ref The law has been amended several times, and consists of 6 chapters and 46 paragraphs. Chapter One 1 4 covers the relationship between Norway and Svalbard Chapter Two 5 13 pertains to governance and courts Chapter Three 14 21 concerns family law Chapter Four ... 2010 ref From 1 July 2002, the Svalbard Environmental Act of 15 June 2001 nr. 79 supplements the Svalbard ... reflist External links http www.lovdata.no all hl 19250717 011.html Svalbard Act at Lovdata no icon Svalbard Category Norwegian law Category Politics of Svalbard Act ... more details
to live on Svalbard without working for an established institution. ref name residence cite news title Entry and residence publisher Governor of Svalbard url http www.sysselmannen.no hovedEnkel.aspx?m 45270 accessdate 24 March 2010 ref The Spitsbergen Treaty and Svalbard Act established Svalbard ... dependency . The treaty came into effect in 1925, following the Svalbard Act . All forty signatory countries of the treaty have the right to conduct commercial activities on the archipelago without discrimination, although all activity is subject to Norwegian legislation. The treaty limits Norway s right to collect taxes to that of providing services on Svalbard. Therefore, Svalbard has a lower income tax than mainland Norway, and there is no value added tax . There is a separate budget for Svalbard to ensure compliance. Svalbard is a demilitarized zone , as the treaty prohibits the establishment ...File Ecotourism Svalbard.JPG thumb Tourism in Svalbard The economy of Svalbard is dominated by coal mining ... nr 22 2008 2009 9.html?id 554987 title St.meld. nr. 22 2008 2009 Svalbard publisher Norwegian Ministry ... than on the mainland. ref name focus cite web url http www.ssb.no english subjects 00 00 20 svalbard en title Focus on Svalbard publisher Statistics Norway accessdate 24 March 2010 ref Almost all housing ... Treaty of 1920 established full Norwegian sovereignty over the archipelago. The islands are, unlike ... by the Norwegian Coast Guard . The treaty requires Norway to protect the natural environment. ref cite news title SvalbardTreaty publisher Governor of Svalbard url http www.sysselmannen.no hovedEnkel.aspx?m 45301 accessdate 24 March 2010 ref ref name treaty cite news title SvalbardTreaty publisher Wikisource url http en.wikisource.org wiki SvalbardTreaty date 9 February 1920 accessdate 24 March 2010 ref Mining Since the resettlement of Svalbard in the early 20th century, coal mining has been ... File Ny Alesund js 5.jpg thumb left NASA research facility in Ny lesund Svalbard has historically ... more details
in the SvalbardTreaty of 1920, and has further been specified in the Svalbard Environmental ...Svalbard is an Arctic , wilderness archipelago comprising the northernmost part of Norway . It is mostly ... Fauna of Svalbard File Svalbardrein pho.jpg thumb Svalbard reindeer In addition to humans, four primarily terrestrial mammalian species inhabit the archipelago the Arctic Fox , the Svalbard reindeer , polar ... Cite web url http www.dirnat.no attachment.ap?id 1043 title Protected Areas in Svalbard publisher ... es. ref name vernebrosjyre Polar bears are the iconic symbol of Svalbard, and one of the main ... name Umbriet 2005 132 Umbriet 2005 132 ref Svalbard and Franz Joseph Land share a common population of 3,000 polar bears, with Kong Karls Land being the most important breeding ground. The Svalbard ... are found on Svalbard, most of which are migratory bird migratory . The Barents Sea is among ... species are on the IUCN Red List . Particularly Bj rn ya, Storfjorden, Svalbard Storfjorden , Nordvest ... Only two songbirds migrate to Svalbard to breed the Snow Bunting and the Wheatear . Rock Ptarmigan ... Science Daily date 29 February 2008 accessdate 24 March 2010 ref Flora Main Flora of SvalbardSvalbard ... only last a few weeks. ref Umbreit 2005 32 ref Preserved areas Main List of protected areas of Svalbard File Svalbard protected areas map with names.svg thumb Map of protected areas of Svalbard. National ... 78000 km2 or 86.5 of the territorial waters . The largest protected areas are Nordaust Svalbard Nature Reserve and S raust Svalbard Nature Reserve , which cover most of the areas east of the main island ... site s. ref name vernebrosjyre Svalbard is on Norway s tentative list for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . ref Cite web url http whc.unesco.org en tentativelists 5161 title Svalbard ... Ministry of the Environment , which has delegated the management of the Governor of Svalbard ... from 2002 to 2005 saw several new areas protected. ref name vernebrosjyre Climate Main Climate of Svalbard ... more details
noref date October 2011 Expand Norwegian Svalbard kirke date October 2011 File Svalbard6.jpg thumb Svalbard church Svalbard Church lang no Svalbard kirke is located in Longyearbyen , Svalbard , Norway and is part of the Church of Norway and the world s most northern church. Built of wood, it was inaugurated in 1958. There was an older church that was destroyed during World War II . There is a minister and two other employees. There is no other church on Svalbard, but there is a Russian Orthodox chapel in Barentsburg . The minister visits other communities on Svalbard Svea, Svalbard Svea , and Ny lesund . External links http www.svalbardkirke.no Official site coord 78.21992 15.61955 display title Category Churches in Norway Category Longyearbyen no Svalbard kirke nn Svalbard kyrkje ru fi Huippuvuorten kirkko ... more details
Svalbard may refer to Places Svalbard , an achipelago in the Arctic, part of Norway. Svalbar shreppur , an Icelandic municipality Svalbar sstrandarhreppur , an Icelandic municipality Svalbar seyri , an Icelandic village, municipal seat of Svalbar sstrandarhreppur Svalbard Global Seed Vault , a secure seedbank gene bank located on the Norway Norwegian island of Spitsbergen . Svalbar , a former name of Jan Mayen Ships NoCGV Svalbard , a Norwegian ship German night fighter direction vessel Togo KNM Svalbard aka MS Togo under German flag , a Norwegian troop and DP transport ship See also lookfrom Svalbard intitle Svalbard geodis ... more details
by the Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 with additions that limited the military use of Svalbard, and that the other ...Image Spitsbergen 1758.jpg thumb Svaldbard map of 1758 Vikings may have discovered Svalbard as early as the 12th century. Traditional Norse accounts exist of a land known as Svalbar i literally cold edge but this land was more likely Jan Mayen 500 miles southwest of Svalbard , or a part of eastern Greenland . Russian Pomors may have had settlements on the archipelago in the 16th century, although evidence is lacking before the late 17th century. Pomor accounts name the island as Grumant . The Netherlands Dutchman Willem Barents made the first indisputable discovery of Svalbard in 1596 . Following the report of a great store of whales by an England English expedition under Jonas Poole in 1610, the first whaling expedition was sent to Spitsbergen in 1611. In 1612 the first Dutch and Basque people Basque expeditions were sent, followed by the France French 1613 and Denmark Danes 1617 . Stations were built ashore to process the blubber into oil, primarily on the west coast of Spitsbergen, particularly on its northwest corner, but others were also established to the southeast. Here they hunted ... station had been abandoned in favor processing the blubber on the return to port. Whaling off Svalbard ... and Sweden Swedish expeditions were also sent to Svalbard during this time period. In 1707 the Dutch ... German invasion and occupation of continental Norway, the Svalbard islands, as with Greenland ... , a bay lying inside the great Isfjord, Svalbard Isfjorden on Spitsbergen s west coast. A contingent ... targets. From the late 1940s to the early 1980s the geology of the Svalbard archipelago was investigated ... books?id CMEEAAAAMAAJ year 1897 publisher Charles Scribner s Sons History of Europe Svalbard European history by country DEFAULTSORT History Of Svalbard Category History of Svalbard History of Svalbard fr Histoire du Svalbard no Svalbards historie ru ... more details
H ya lang en High Island is the main islet in Kulstadholmane , part of Tusen yane , an island group south of Edge ya , part of the Svalbard archipelago. References Norwegian Polar Institute http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages searchE.asp Place Names of Svalbard Database coord 76 50 N 21 00 E display title DEFAULTSORT Haoya Category Islands of Svalbard svalbard geo stub ... more details
File Indre Wijdefjorden National Park map.svg thumb right Map of the Indre Wijdefjorden National Park . Austfjorden is a fjord in Spitsbergen , Svalbard in Arctic Norway . The fjord East Fjord , measuring 32 kilometres 20 miles in length is located in the east of the Indre Wijdefjorden National Park . ref cite web url http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages detaile.asp?placeNameID 016295A title Austfjorden publisher Norwegian Polar Institute accessdate 11 September 2010 ref References Reflist coord 79 12 0 N 16 0 0 E type landmark display title Category Fjords of Svalbard Svalbard geo stub nn Austfjorden p Spitsbergen no Austfjorden Svalbard ... more details
Utsira is a small islet in the western part of Tusen yane , an island group south of Edge ya . It is named after an island in Norway . References Norwegian Polar Institute http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages searchE.asp Place Names of Svalbard Database coord 77 09 N 21 28 E display title Category Islands of Svalbard svalbard geo stub ... more details
Horn ya lang en Horn Island is the northernmost island in Tribotnane , part of Tusen yane , an archipelago south of Edge ya . Its name refers to the neighboring Lur ya . References Norwegian Polar Institute http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages searchE.asp Place Names of Svalbard Database coord 77 00.5 N 21 52.5 E display title Category Islands of Svalbard svalbard geo stub et Horn ya Tusen yane ... more details
Alka lang en The Auk is an islet between Gassen and Havella in Menke yane , part of Tusen yane , an archipelago south of Edge ya . References Norwegian Polar Institute http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages searchE.asp Place Names of Svalbard Database coord 77 08 N 22 46 E display title Category Islands of Svalbard svalbard geo stub ... more details
Bommen lang en The Bar is an islet west of Lang ra in Tiholmane , part of Tusen yane , an archipelago south of Edge ya . At low water it is connected with Lang ra, creating a bar that partially blocks access to Tofamnhamna Two Fathoms Bay , the anchorage within Lang ra, Kalv ya , Lur ya , Sperra , Bommen and Spunset . References Norwegian Polar Institute http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages searchE.asp Place Names of Svalbard Database coord 76 58.8 N 21 55.5 E display title Category Islands of Svalbard svalbard geo stub ... more details
Infobox Political post post Governor body Svalbard insignia Coat of arms of the Governor of Svalbard.svg insigniasize 100px insigniacaption Unofficial logo of the Governor of Svalbard nativename Sysselmannen p Svalbard image incumbent Odd Olsen Inger incumbentsince 16 September 2009 style residence appointer termlength formation 17 July 1925 succession inaugural Johannes Gerckens Bass e website http www.sysselmannen.no salary Politics of Svalbard The Governor of Svalbard lang no Sysselmann en p Svalbard represents the Norway Norwegian Government of Norway government in exercising its sovereignty over the Svalbard archipelago Spitsbergen . The position reports to the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police Norwegian Ministry of Justice , but it maintains all Norwegian interests in the area, including environmental protection , law enforcement, representation, mediation, and civil matters, such as marriage , divorce . An important part of the position is to maintain good working relations with the Russia n community in Barentsburg . To this end, the governor s organization consists of a staff section with Russian interpreters and advisors on legal matters, tourism, etc. a section for law enforcement a section for environmental protection an administrative section, including archiving, financial management and IT support The governor s office also has at its disposition several helicopter s, snowscooter s, speedboat s and other equipment needed to meet its responsibilities ... of Svalbard sysselmenn class wikitable style font size 95 white space nowrap style line height ... hoved.aspx?m 44365 Official site Svalbard Category Government of Norway Svalbard, Governor of Category Governors of Svalbard Category Svalbard da Sysselmannen p Svalbard nl Sysselmann van Spitsbergen no Sysselmannen p Svalbard pl Gubernator Svalbardu pt Governador de Svalbard sv Sysselmannen p Svalbard ... more details
About the fjord on the island of Svalbard Isfjorden disambiguation Isfjorden File Spitsbergen labelled.png thumb Isfjord lies on Spitsbergen s west coast. Isfjorden is the List of Norwegian Fjords second longest fjord in the Norway Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard . It lies on the west side of Spitsbergen , an island in the Arctic Ocean about midway between Norway and the North Pole , and the largest in the archipelago. A portion of Isfjorden is included in the List of national parks of Norway national parks of Norway as Nordre Isfjorden Land National Park . Around the fjord lie many of the largest settlements in Svalbard Barentsburg , Longyearbyen on the Adventfjorden and Pyramiden . File Isfjorden1 js .jpg thumb left Isfjord History A Basque Country autonomous community Basque whaling ship from San Sebasti n San Sebastian , under the command of Juan de Erauso and piloted by the Englishman Nicholas Woodcock , was the first to establish a temporary whaling station here in 1612. In 1613 France French , Basque, and Netherlands Dutch whaling ships resorted to Safehaven Trygghamna on the north side of Isford or in Green Harbor on the south side of the fjord. All were either driven off by armed England English ships or were forced to pay a fine of some sort. In 1614 the Dutch agreed to give Isfjorden to the English. The English continued to use Isfjorden as a whaling base until at least the late 1650s. File Spitsbergen.png thumb right Location of Spitsbergen coord 78 20 N 15 00 E display title References File IsfjordenSouthShore.JPG thumb left Isfjord from the south shore near Degeerdalen. cite book last Conway first William Martin title No Man s Land A History of Spitsbergen ... from Isfjorden illustrated catalog Category Fjords of Svalbardsvalbard geo stub Link GA no da Isfjorden Svalbard de Isfjorden es Isfjorden fr Isfjorden it Isfjorden nl Isfjord no Isfjorden Svalbard nn Isfjorden p Svalbard pl Isfjorden Svalbard ru ... more details
Templet is a mountain north of Sassenfjorden , at the south side of B nsow Land at Spitsbergen , Svalbard . Its height is 766 metre. The name Templet stems from its resemblance to a ruined Gothic cathedral, consisting of eroded horisontal layers of shales, silicates and limestones. ref cite web url http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages detailn.asp?placeNameID 414737I title Templet publisher Norwegian Polar Institute accessdate 19 November 2011 ref ref cite encyclopedia title Templet encyclopedia Store norske leksikon editor publisher Kunnskapsforlaget location Oslo url http www.snl.no Templet language Norwegian accessdate 19 November 2011 ref The mountain lies within the Sassen B nsow Land National Park , and is regarded as a tourist attraction . References Reflist coord 78 25 02 N 16 43 06 E source kolossus nowiki display title DEFAULTSORT Templet Category Mountains of Svalbardsvalbard geo stub no Templet Svalbard ... more details
Storfjorden English language English Great Fjord is the body of water separating Spitsbergen in the west from Barents ya and Edge ya to the east. Its southern limits are Kikutodden in S rkapp Land east to H ya, Svalbard H ya , Tiholmane , Br kmoholmane , and Menke yane in Tusen yane and northeast to Negerpynten the southeastern promontory of Edge ya. Its limits on its eastern side are Sundneset on the northern side of Freemansundet south to Palibinramten on the northwest coast of Edge ya. The northern part is called Ginevrabotnen , which lies between Olav V Land and Barents ya. Storfjorden was historically known as Wybe Jans Water , named after the Friesland whaler Wybe Jansz van Stavoren . The fjord was first labelled as such in 1620. Storfjorden was the epicenter of a great earthquake 20 February 2008 UCT. Norway had one of its greatest earthquakes in history on the 21st of February 2008. On the Richter Magnitude Scale Richter scale it was measured at 6.2. References Conway, W. M. 1906. No Man s Land A History of Spitsbergen from Its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country. Cambridge At the University Press. Norwegian Polar Institute http miljo.npolar.no placenames pages searchE.asp Place Names of Svalbard Database Watermass transformations in Storfjorden R. Skogsetha, P.M. Haugan and M. Jakobsson. Elsevier Ltd. 2004 http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6VBJ 4FFY2CC 1& user 10& coverDate 04 2F30 2F2005& alid 974438730& rdoc 20& fmt high& orig search& cdi 5928& sort r& docanchor &view c& ct 90& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 a363b83f1b3e7f2607f8bb369d59d558 coord 76 30 N 17 00 E display title Category Fjords of Svalbard svalbard geo stub de Storfjorden et Storfjorden Teravm ed no Storfjorden Svalbard nn Storfjorden p Svalbard ... more details
Novelists, screenwriters and filmmakers have set their works in Svalbard , an archipelago in the Arctic which constitutes the northernmost part of Norway . Fictional works about Svalbard often make reference ... story about a 12 year old boy living in Svalbard who has to hide in a coal mine to avoid being captured ... about a movie crew who travels to Svalbard. When the group arrives in Svalbard, members of the crew ... writer and glaciologist Monica Kristensen has written a novel set in Svalbard entitled Operation Fritham . The novel tells the story of a small group of World War II veterans who meet in Svalbard ... of the veterans. The main character, who must solve the mystery, is the head of the Svalbard police ... bay in Svalbard ref http www.metro.co.uk lifestyle books 844613 michelle paver makes the leap ... title ref . A group of scientists land in Svalbard and prepare to overwinter in an abandoned mining ... ref Svalbard is the home of the armored polar bears in Phillip Pullman Phillip Pullman s His Dark ... about a newly married Montreal couple who travel to Svalbard ref http www.imaginairedunord.uqam.ca pdf ... Aquin, Hubert The Canadian Encyclopedia Bot generated title ref . The Svalbard Passage by Thomas Kirkwood is a tense thriller set in the US, Norway and Svalbard during the Cold War ref Rocky Mountain Newshttp www.flipkart.com svalbard passage thomas kirkwood geir book 0595151469 ref . The Solitude ... can overwinter in Svalbard. A review states that the descriptions of scenery are outstanding such as the language ... made three short films about SvalbardSvalbard in the World 1983 , Cold World 1986 and My World 1987 . This Svalbard trilogy has been called an artistic peak for him. ref http translate.google.ca ... s Belt film Orion s Belt 1985 Orions belte was the original title is set in Svalbard. The film ... of Norwegian Film A brief history of Norwegian film Bot generated title ref . References reflist Svalbard Category Culture of Svalbard Category Arctic in fiction Category Norway in fiction ... more details
for MS Svalbard 1946 troop and refugee transport German night fighter direction vessel Togo Infobox Ship Begin Infobox Ship Image Ship image Image KV Svalbard.jpg 300px Ship caption Infobox Ship Career Hide header Ship country Norway Ship flag Image Flag of Norway, state.svg 50px Norwegian Navy flag Ship class icebreaker and patrol boat offshore patrol vessel Ship name NoCGV Svalbard Ship namesake Ship ordered Ship builder Tangen Verft , Krager Ship laid down 9 August 2000 Ship launched 17 February 2001 Ship acquired Ship commissioned 15 December 2001 Ship decommissioned Ship in service Ship out of service Ship struck Ship reinstated Ship renamed Ship honours Ship status Active in service Ship motto Ship nickname Ship captured Ship status Ship notes Ship badge Infobox Ship Characteristics Hide header Header caption Ship class Ship type Ship displacement 6375 tonnes Ship length convert 340.2 ft m abbr on overall br convert 292 ft m abbr on waterline Ship beam convert 62.6 ft m abbr on Ship height convert 27.2 ft m abbr on Ship draught convert 21.3 ft m abbr on Ship depth Ship propulsion ... and helicopter not included The Norwegian Coast Guard icebreaker and offshore patrol vessel KV Svalbard ... , the Barents Sea and around the Svalbard islands. Svalbard is the largest ship in Norway s military ... corvettes modeled after the Svalbard s design. ref name Cbc20070709 cite news url http www.cbc.ca canada ... free of ice, thus NoCGV Svalbard is the only active Norwegian icebreaking capable vessel ... article http www.marinetalk.com articles HTML DNV00955403IN.html Marinetalk article KV Svalbard http ... Svalbard cite news url http www.journal.forces.gc.ca engraph vol8 no1 PDF 17 shadwick e.pdf format PDF ... quote DEFAULTSORT Svalbard, Nocgv Category Ships of the Norwegian Coast Guard Category Icebreakers of Norway Category Ships built in Norway Category 2001 ships Category Patrol vessels de KV Svalbard et KV Svalbard no KV Svalbard nn KV Svalbard ru ... more details
The climate of Svalbard is principally a result of its latitude, which is between 74 and 81 north. Average July temperatures range from convert 4 to 6 C F 1 , and in January temperatures are normally between convert 12 and 16 C F 1 . ref cite web url http retro.met.no observasjoner svalbard normaler for kommune 2111.html?kommuner title Temperaturnormaler for Spitsbergen i perioden 1961 1990 publisher Norwegian Meteorological Institute accessdate 24 March 2010 language Norwegian ref The North Atlantic Current moderates Svalbard s temperatures, particularly during winter, giving it up to convert 20 C change 0 higher winter temperature than similar latitudes in continental Russia and Canada. This keeps the surrounding waters open and navigable most of the year. The interior fjord areas and valleys, sheltered by the mountains, have less temperature differences than the coast, giving about convert 2 C change 1 lower summer temperatures and convert 3 C change 1 higher winter temperatures. On the south of Spitsbergen, the temperature is slightly higher than further north and west. During winter, the temperature difference between south and north is typically convert 5 C change 0 , while only ... mm 22.0 Dec precipitation mm 25.0 source 1 Climate and daylight in Svalbard Longyearbyen ... Climate and daylight in Svalbard Longyearbyen accessdate May 2011 publisher NordicVisitor ref date May 2011 Historical data File Svalbard temperature.png thumb Because of its history of human occupation, Svalbard has one of the longest high latitude meteorological records on earth. Global climate ... at such latitudes, so the Svalbard record is of particular interest. ref name RealClimate http ... Cite book title Svalbard v rt nordligste Norge author Torkildsen, Torbj rn et. al. year 1984 ... of Svalbard Use dmy dates date August 2010 DEFAULTSORT Climate Of Svalbard Category Climate of Norway Svalbard Category Environment of Svalbard ru ... more details
Infobox islands name Svalbard native name native name link sobriquet image name image caption image size ... groups website additional info Image Svalbard VE.JPG thumb MODIS satellite photo of Svalbard, courtesy NASA Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean roughly centered around 78th parallel north ... main Climate of Svalbard There is no arable land in the island group due to heavy glaciation ... in Fishery protection zone, but this is not recognized by neighboring Russia . The climate of the Svalbard ... about one half of the year. There are many fjord s along west and north coasts Resources Svalbard ... banned, the issues surrounding past exploitation of animal resources in the Svalbard area remain a problem ... of birds in Svalbard including Puffin , Arctic Skua , Kittiwake and Fulmar , ref Walter Brian Harland ... are being monitored. Physical Geography Fjords There are numerous fjord s among the Svalbard islands ... emner 00 00 20 nos svalbard nos d330 nos d330.pdf Web publication of Statistics Norway , the official ... here. ref ref The percentage of Svalbard covered by glaciation varies by year 59.8 is reported for 2005. ref Wijdefjorden , Convert 108 km abbr on Isfjord, Svalbard Isfjorden , Convert 107 km abbr on Van ... title Population in the settlements. Svalbard publisher Statistics Norway date 22 October 2009 accessdate ... disp table Coastlines of the Svalbard islands listed from largest island to smallest show the extensive ... they are small when compared with the mountains of Norway, the elevation of the Svalbard island ... . The gateway to Svalbard is Svalbard Airport, Longyearbyen. Former Virgohamna Harlingen kokerij ..., Nicholas J. Butterfield. 1997. The geology of Svalbard C. Michael Hogan. 2008. http globaltwitcher.auderis.se .... Nicklas Stromberg External links http maps.unomaha.edu Maher svalbard default.html Geology of Svalbard ... Institute Geography of Europe Europe topic Climate of DEFAULTSORT Geography Of Svalbard Category Geography of Svalbard es Geograf a de Svalbard fr G ographie du Svalbard pl Geografia Svalbardu ru ... more details
Svalbard has a population of approximately 2,400 people as of 2005. Approximately 70 of the people are Norwegians Norwegian the remaining 30 are Russian people Russian and Ukrainians Ukrainian . The official language of Svalbard is Norwegian language Norwegian . Russian language Russian is used in the Russian settlements, but formerly, Russenorsk language Russenorsk was the lingua franca of the entire Barents Sea region. The annual population growth is 0.02 , but as may be seen from the following chart, the ex Soviet population has atrophied, while the Norwegians have been increasing. class wikitable Population of Svalbard ref name SN http www.ssb.no emner 00 00 20 nos svalbard nos d330 nos d330.pdf Web publication of Statistics Norway , the official body for such data in Norway. Units provided are metric only no unit conversions provided here. ref Year Total Norwegian Russian Soviet Polish 1990 3,544 1,125 2,407 12 1995 2,906 1,218 1,679 9 2000 2,376 1,475 893 8 2005 2,400 1,645 747 8 Image Fareskilt 38.PNG thumb The unique road sign only found on Svalbard, informing people to take precautions when outside the settlements. The text reads Applies to the whole of Svalbard Image with inadequate rationale removed Image PStacja Logo.png right thumb 200px Logo of the Polish Station Norwegian Norwegian language Norwegian is the official, and main language, of the archipelago. The weekly Svalbardposten is published in it. Mainly Norwegian speaking settlements include Longyearbyen , the capital ... Some Russian is spoken in Svalbard s capital Longyearbyen , and appears in some signage. Abandoned ... town . There was also a Dutch whaling station on Ytre Norsk ya and several other locations in Svalbard ... from the many whaling settlements established in Svalbard from 1611 to 1670. French French ... degree. Pyramiden , which later became Soviet, was founded by a Swedish company in 1910. Svalbard Languages of Europe References Reflist Category Culture of Svalbard ru ... more details
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