Phanes are sub structures of highly complex organic molecules introduced for simplification of the naming of these highly complex molecules. Systematic nomenclature of organic chemistry consists of building a name for the structure of an organic compound by a collection of names of its composite parts but describing also its relative positions within the structure. Naming information is summarised by IUPAC ref International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Recommendations on Organic & Biochemical Nomenclature, Symbols & Terminology etc. http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iupac World Wide Web material prepared by G. P. Moss, Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UKg.p.moss qmul.ac.uk ref ref International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Organic Chemistry Division Commission on nomenclature of organic chemistry http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iupac phane Phane Nomenclature Part I Phane Parent Names IUPAC Recommendations 1998 Prepared for publication by W. H. Powell 1436 Havencrest Ct, Columbus, OH 43220 3841, USA ref blockquote Phane nomenclature is a new method for building names for organic structures by assembling names that describe component parts of a complex structure. It is based on the idea that a relatively simple skeleton for a parent hydride can be modified by an operation called amplification , a process that replaces one or more special atoms superatom s of a simplified skeleton by multiatomic structures . blockquote Whilst the cyclophane name describes only a limited number of sub structures of benzene rings interconnected by individual atoms or chains, phane is a class name which includes others, hence heterocyclic compound heterocyclic rings as well. Therefore the various cyclophanes are perfectly good for the general class of phanes as well keeping in mind that the cyclic structures in phanes could have much greater diversity. References references molecular cell biology stub Category chemical nomenclature hu ... more details
Pseudohalogen molecules meaning fake halogen s are binary inorganic molecules of the general forms Ps Ps or Ps X, where Ps is a pseudohalogen group such as cyanide , cyanate , thiocyanate and others, and X is a true halogen . Not all combinations are known to be stable. Examples of pseudohalogen molecules Examples of symmetrical pseudohalogens Ps Ps include cyanogen CN sub 2 sub , thiocyanogen SCN sub 2 sub , selenorhodane SeCN sub 2 sub , azidodithiocarbonate N sub 3 sub CS sub 2 sub sub 2 sub . Another complex symmetrical pseudohalogen is dicobalt octacarbonyl , Co sub 2 sub CO sub 8 sub . This substance can be considered as a Dimer chemistry dimer of the hypothetical cobalt tetracarbonyl, Co CO sub 4 sub . Examples of non symmetrical pseudohalogens Ps X are cyanogen halide s iodine cyanide ICN , ClCN , BrCN , and other compounds. Sometimes nitrosyl chloride NOCl also is considered as pseudohalogen. Pseudohalides Pseudohalides are the anion s or functional group s of corresponding pseudohalogen groups such as cyanide s, cyanates , isocyanates , rhodanide s i.e. thiocyanates and isothiocyanates , selenorhodanide s, tellurorhodanide s and azide s. A common complex pseudohalide is tetracarbonylcobaltate Co CO sub 4 sub sup sup . The acid Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride HCo CO sub 4 sub is in fact quite a strong acid , though its low solubility renders it not as strong as the true hydrohalic acid s. The behavior and chemical properties of the above pseudohalides are identical to that of the true halide ions. The presence of the internal double bond s or triple bond s do not appear to affect their chemical behavior. For example, they can form strong acids of the type HX compare HCl to HCo CO sub 4 sub , and they can react with metals to form compounds like MX compare NaCl to NaN sub 3 sub . Nanoclusters of aluminium often referred to as superatom s are sometimes considered to be pseudohalides since they, too, behave chemically as halide ions, forming Al sub 13 sub I sub 2 ... more details
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