eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D019966 The section about substancedependence in the Diagnostic ... drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substancedependence may be diagnosed. Compulsive ... and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM IV , substancedependence is defined as blockquote When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substancedependence may be diagnosed. Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. This, along with Substance abuse Substance Abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders.... ref name DSM4 http www.behavenet.com capsules disorders subdep.htm DSM IV & DSM IV TR SubstanceDependence ref blockquote Substancedependence can be diagnosed with Physical dependence physiological dependence , evidence of tolerance or withdrawal, or without physiological dependence. By the American Society of Addiction Medicine definition, drug addiction differs from drug dependence and drug tolerance . ref name painmed ... which may include the same persons who, under the DSM IV , can be given the diagnosis of substancedependence or substance abuse . See also DSM IV Codes The terms abuse and addiction have been defined ... uses the term substancedependence instead of addiction a maladaptive pattern of substance abuse, leading ...lead rewrite date August 2011 Globalize date April 2010 Infobox disease Name Substance dependency Image ... use is reduced or stopped. This, along with Substance abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders ... psychological and generally a physical dependence on the effects of the drug and iv detrimental ... little or no tendency to increase the dose iii some degree of psychic dependence on the effect of the drug, but absence of physical dependence and hence of an abstinence syndrome withdrawal , and iv ... these definitions to be inadequate, and suggested using the blanket term drug dependence blockquote ... more details
wiktionary Substance may refer to Chemical substance , a material with a definite chemical composition Drug substance Matter , the substance of which all physical objects are made Substance theory , theory positing that a substance is distinct from its properties. Substantial rapper a US musician Substance Joy Division album Substance Joy Division album Substance 1987 , a New Order album Substance , a song by Haste the Day from That They May Know You Metal Gear Solid 2 Substance , an update of the video game Metal Gear Solid 2 Sons of Liberty Substance Metal Gear Solid 2 Sons of Liberty disambig cs Substance fr Substance homonymie gl Substancia it Sostanza nl Substance pl Substancja ru sv Substance tl Sustansiya yi ... more details
cleanup linkrot date August 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name No Substance Type Album Artist Bad Religion Cover BadReligionNoSubstance.jpg Released May 15, 1998 Recorded 1997 1998 at Pyramid Sound, Polypterus Studio, Ithaca, New York Ithaca , New York Genre Punk rock Length 41 53 Label Atlantic Records Atlantic Original br Epitaph Records Epitaph Re release Producer Bad Religion , Alex Perialas , Ronnie Kimball Last album Tested br 1997 This album No Substance br 1998 Next album The New America br 2000 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 2.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r348580 pure url yes ref rev2 Robert Christgau rev2Score Rating Christgau dud ref http www.robertchristgau.com get artist.php?name bad religion ref rev3 Rolling Stone rev3Score Rating 3 5 ref http www.rollingstone.com artists badreligion albums album 103262 review 5945327 no substance ref No Substance is the tenth full length album by the punk rock band Bad Religion . It was the band s third or fourth, if the reissue of Recipe for Hate is counted release on Atlantic Records, and their second studio album since guitarist Brett Gurewitz s departure. No Substance was anticipated by both music critics and fans as a result of the band s previous worldwide successes with their 1994 major label debut Stranger Than Fiction Bad Religion album Stranger Than Fiction and its 1996 follow up The Gray Race . The album has been met with mixed reviews and was not as successful as band s past releases. The album was re released by Epitaph Records on September 15, 2008. Album cover The actress on the album cover is Kristen Johnston , who is best known for her roles as Sally Solomon in the late ... 2 14 title5 No Substance writer5 Graffin length5 3 04 title6 Raise Your Voice writer6 Graffin ... produced by Alex Perialas de No Substance es No Substance fr No Substance it No Substance nl No Substance pl No Substance pt No Substance sv No Substance ... more details
psychological dependence on a drug, one can go to a substance abuse program. ref The national center on addiction and substance abuse at Columbia University Wasting the Best and the Brightest Substance ...In the APA Dictionary of Psychology, psychological dependence is defined as dependence on a psychoactive substance for the reinforcement it provides. ref VandenBos, Gary R. APA Dictionary of Psychology. 1st ed. Washington, DC American Psychological Association, 2007. Print. ref Most times psychological dependence is classified under addiction . They are similar in that addiction is a physiological craving for something and psychological dependence is a need for a particular substance because it causes enjoyable mental affects. A person becomes dependent on something to help alleviate specific emotions. ref name APA Dictionary Myers, David G. Psychology . 9th ed. New York Worth, 2010. Print. ref Psychological dependence begins after the first trial which a person then becomes satisfied and the satisfaction increases with each use. This constant feeling leads to psychological reinforcement which eventually leads to dependence. ref Hanson, Glen, Peter J. Venturelli, and Annette E. Fleckenstein. Drugs and Society. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett, 2009. Print. ref Of the various things that a person can be psychologically dependent on, opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, and nicotine are among the top substances people become dependent on. Along with substances, people can also become dependent on activities as well such as shopping, pornography, self harm, and many more. While a psychologically dependent person attempts to recover, there are many withdrawal symptoms that one can experience throughout the process. ref Defining Addiction, Physical and Psychological Dependence to Drugs, Alcohol and Other Related Addictions. Drug Rehabilitation Alcohol and Drug Rehab Clinic ... templates publications reports.aspx?keywords psychological dependence ref Notes Reflist Category ... more details
. Psychoactive substance use Alcohealth DEFAULTSORT Alcohol Dependence Category Drinking culture Category Alcohol abuse Category Substancedependence ...Infobox disease Name Alcohol Dependence ICD10 ICD10 F 10 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 303 Alcohol dependence is a psychiatric diagnosis a substance related disorder DSM IV describing an entity in which an individual uses alcohol despite significant areas of dysfunction, evidence of physical dependence, and or related ... to the DSM IV criteria for alcohol dependence, at least three out of seven of the following criteria ... About 12 of American adults have had an alcohol dependence problem at some time in their life ... of DSM IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in the United States journal Archives of General Psychiatry volume 64 issue 7 year 2007 pages 830 doi 10.1001 archpsyc.64.7.830 pmid 17606817 ref Alcohol dependence ... set of signs and symptoms and a progressive course. The contemporary definition of alcohol dependence ... several decades to identify and understand the core features of alcohol dependence. ref name WeinerFreedheim2003 ... and his American colleague Milton M. Gross ref Edwards G. & Gross MM, Alcohol dependence provisional ... of what had previously been understood as alcoholism the alcohol dependence syndrome . The alcohol dependence syndrome was seen as a cluster of seven elements that concur. It was argued that not all ... , but how far along the path of dependence has a person progressed . Screening tools The Alcohol ... potential alcohol misuse, including dependence. It was developed by the World Health Organisation ... the AUDIT. The Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire SAD Q is a more specific twenty item inventory for assessing the presence and severity of alcohol dependence. Comparisons with other alcohol related disorders Because only 3 of the 7 DSM IV criteria for alcohol dependence are required, not all ... to drinking. Not everyone with alcohol dependence, therefore, experiences physiological dependence ... more details
A person with polysubstance dependence is psychologically addicted to being in an intoxicated state without a preference for one particular substance. ref Polysubstance Dependence. 2011 . Encyclopedia ... used with another substance. ref Malcolm, B., Hesselbrock, M., & Segal, B. 2006 . Multiple SubstanceDependence and Course of Alcoholism among Alaska Men and Women. Substance Use & Misuse , 41 5 , 729 ... cases of polysubstance dependence has been going up. ref name Venkatesan Venkatesan, J., & Suresh, S. 2008, April June . Substancedependence Decades apart in a teaching hospital. Indian Journal of Psychiatry ... The researchers compared their results to earlier German studies and found that substancedependence ... of other types of Substancedependence e.g. 305.00 Alcohol Abuse or 305.60 Cocaine Abuse . . ref Skodol ... contribute to substancedependence. ref Uhl, George R., Qing Rong Liu, Donna Walter, Judith Hess, and Daniel ... studies of alcoholism and substancedependence. American Journal of Human Genetics , 65 3 , 599 ... of the influence of genes on vulnerability to substancedependence. ref name Sherva Sherva, R ... substancedependence phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology , 35 9 . Retrieved from http www.nature.com ... and eventually become dependent on having the effects of substancedependence. With tolerance ... . Cognitive Behavior Therapy for SubstanceDependence Coping Skills Training Retrieved 24 October ... of a long term or longitudinal study on substance use led the researchers to observe that excessively ... drug. ref Newcomb, M.D., Galaif, E.R., & Locke, T.F. 2001, June . Substance Use Diagnosis Within ... dependence occurs or how many people are dependent on multiple substances. However, according ... the requirements for polysubstance abuse dependence. ref Agrawal, A., Lynskey, M.T., Madden, P.A., Bucholz, K.K., & Heath, A. 2007, January . A Latent Class Analysis of Illicit Drug Abuse Dependence ... degree of nicotine dependence and other health behaviors Findings from a German general population ... more details
, and therefore detoxification rarely constitutes an adequate treatment of substancedependence on its ... www.who.int substance abuse activities treatment opioid dependence en index.html Guidelines for the psychosocially ... DEFAULTSORT Opioid Dependence Category Substancedependence et Morfinism pl Heroinizm sv Opioidberoende ... to do so. In 1964 the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence introduced dependence as A cluster ... and problematic consequences of drug dependence may be biological, psychological or social, and usually interact . The core concept of the WHO definition of drug dependence requires the presence ... guidelines for a definite diagnosis of dependence require that three or more of the following six ... withdrawal syndrome for the substance or use of the same or a closely related substance ... states or impairment of cognitive functioning. The Walid Robinson Opioid Dependence WROD Questionnaire was designed based on these guidelines. According to position papers on the treatment of opoid dependence ... , care providers should not mistake opioid dependence for a weakness of character or will . ref cite book title Substitution maintenance therapy in the management of opioid dependence and HIV AIDS prevention ... and substance type within an inpatient substance use treatment program year 2011 last1 Chen first1 ... Dependence pmid 21514751 ref Since opioids used in pain therapy rarely cause any of these conditions, they are assumed to have existed prior to the development of dependence. Opioids are known to have strong antidepressive , anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects and thus opioid dependence often ... regaining physical homeostasis. Treatment Opioid dependence is a complex health condition that often requires Long term care long term treatment and care . The treatment of opioid dependence ... dependence are to reduce dependence on illicit drugs to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused ... with opioid dependence, especially in the short term. As no single treatment is effective for all ... more details
substance use medicine stub Category Barbiturates Category Substancedependence ...Infobox Disease Name Barbiturate dependence Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 13 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID With regular use of barbiturate s, barbiturate dependence develops. This in turn may lead to a need for increasing doses of the drug to get the original desired pharmacological or therapeutic effect. ref name Crit Care Nurs Clin cite journal author Zapantis A, Leung S title Tolerance and withdrawal issues with sedation journal Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am volume 17 issue 3 pages 211 23 year 2005 month September pmid 16115529 doi 10.1016 j.ccell.2005.04.011 ref Barbiturate use can lead to both addiction and physical dependence , and as such they have a high potential for abuse. ref name Takehiko cite journal author Takehiko Ito, Toshihito Suzuki, Susan E. Wellman and Ing Kang Ho title Pharmacology of barbiturate tolerance dependence GABA sub A sub receptors and molecular aspects journal Life Sciences volume 59 issue 3 pages 169 95 year 1996 month June pmid 8699929 doi 10.1016 0024 3205 96 00199 3 ref Psychological addiction to barbiturates can develop quickly. The GABAA receptor GABA sub A sub receptor , one of barbiturates main sites of action, is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates, as well as the euphoria euphoric high that results from their abuse. ref name Takehiko The mechanism by which barbiturate tolerance develops is believed to be different than that of ethanol or benzodiazepines , even though these drugs have been shown to exhibit cross tolerance with each other. ref cite journal author Allan AM, Zhang X, Baier LD title Barbiturate tolerance effects on GABA operated chloride channel function journal Brain Res. volume 588 issue 2 pages 255 ... retrieve pii 0006 8993 92 91583 Z ref The management of a physical dependence on barbiturates ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cannabis dependence Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 12 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cannabis dependence is a condition defined in DSM IV applying the general concept of substancedependence to cannabis . ref name FirstFrances2004 ... epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substance and inhalants Basic findings ... ref the essential feature of SubstanceDependence is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral and physiologic ... substance related problems . Accordingly, a diagnosis of substancedependence is made if three or more ... between early initiation into substance use and subsequent problems such as dependence ... of marijuana dependence a review of the literature. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 24 2003 ..., but demand for treatment for cannabis use disorder is increasing internationally. ref Substance ... than a few times the risk of developing dependence is in the range of from 1 in 5 to 1 in 3 the more ... of dependence. In addition, the majority of dependent users continue to use cannabis without seeking treatment. Citation needed date November 2011 Evidence for cannabis dependence comes from a number ... between cannabis use and other substance use in the general population url journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence volume 64 issue 3 pages 319 327 pmid 11672946 ref ref name Swift, W. 1998 cite journal ... M. last3 Manor first3 B. last4 Baillie first4 A. year 2002 title The structure of cannabis dependence in the community url journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence volume 68 issue 3 pages 255 262 pmid 12393220 ... Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing ref ref Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2002 . Treatment Episode Data Set TEDS 1992 2000 national admissions to substance abuse ... studies indicate that cannabis dependence is a relatively common phenomenon associated ...., Moore, B A., Development and consequences of cannabis dependence. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ... more details
In statistics and signal processing , random variables in a time series have serial dependence if the value at some time t in the series is statistical independence statistically dependent on the value at another time s . A series is serially independent if there is no dependence between any pair. Similarly, a time series has serial correlation if the condition holds that some pair of values are correlation and dependence correlated , rather than the condition of statistical dependence see autocorrelation . If a time series X sub t sub is Stationary process stationary , then statistical dependence between the pair X sub t sub , X sub s sub would imply that there is statistical dependence between all pairs of values at the same lag s &minus t . Unreferenced date November 2010 References reflist External links http www.quantiphile.com 2010 10 05 serial dependence serial dependence at www.quantiphile.com DEFAULTSORT Serial Dependence Category Statistical dependence Category Time series analysis Category Statistical terminology statistics stub ... more details
syndrome Drug and Alcohol Dependence Drug tolerance Rebound insomnia Substancedependence References ...Physical dependence refers to a state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced Drug tolerance tolerance and where negative physical symptoms ref name urlDefinition of physical dependence ... title Definition of physical dependence NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms format work accessdate 2008 ... ref Physical dependence can develop from low dose therapeutic use of certain medications such as benzodiazepines ... of use, and the earlier age use began are predictive of worsened physical dependence and thus more ... relapsing nature viz. a second or third addiction after withdrawal from the self same substance of dependence . Withdrawal response will vary according to the dose used, the type of drug used ... dependence and withdrawal identification and medical management journal J Am Board Fam Pract volume 5 issue 2 pages 167 75 year 1992 pmid 1575069 doi url ref Symptoms Physical dependence can manifest ... adaptions in the central nervous system and the brain due to chronic exposure to a substance. Symptoms ... complications are extremely rare, and nearly non existent with proper medical management. Dependence ... dependence depends upon the drug being withdrawn and often includes administration of another drug, especially for substances that can be dangerous when abruptly discontinued. Physical dependence is usually ... on the drug, dose and the individual. ref name pmid1575069 A physical dependence on alcohol is often ... symptoms. Drugs that cause physical dependence All mu opioid receptor opioid s with any even ... physical dependence journal Br. J. Pharmacol. volume 136 issue 1 pages 37 48 year 2002 month May ... see benzodiazepine dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome nonbenzodiazepines z drugs such as zopiclone and zolpidem . ref name pmid9657802 cite journal author Sikdar S title Physical dependence ... bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9657802 ref ethyl alcohol alcoholic beverage cf. alcohol dependence ... more details
thumb The Brain on SubstanceDependence According to researchers the reward circuit is continuously ... Genetics accessdate 2011 11 17 ref See also Substancedependence Dopamine Reward system Diagnostic ...In psychology , reward dependence is a moderately heritable personality trait which is stable throughout ... disorder Reward dependence is characterized as a tendency to respond markedly to signals of reward .... ref cite DOI 10.4236 psych.2011.23039 ref When reward dependence levels deviate from ... dependence is one of the temperament dimensions from the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire ... Personality Theory and reward dependence File CR Cloninger.jpg thumb C. Robert Cloninger Cloninger ... in measuring how different individuals feel or behave. Reward Dependence RD is one of the three temperament ... s theory, ref name Pud cite pmid 14690672 ref individuals high in reward dependence and low ... by emotional appeals. Individuals low in reward dependence and high in norepinephrine levels ... and act for immediate gratification. So being low in reward dependence is related to social withdrawal ... susceptibility to emotional and behavioral disorders ref name TCI Quantifying reward dependence ... RD2 Attachment theory Attachment RD3 Dependence on approval by others RD4 Brain physiology Cloninger describes reward dependence as being a prime component of the Behaviorism Behavior maintenance ... 2882604 ref Reward dependence has been linked to dissociable connectivity streams in the brain. striatum ... in reward processing, reward dependence and reward guided behaviors. ref name Cohen cite doi 10.1038 ... striatal connectivity. High reward dependence is characterized by learning from reward signals ... Tomography PET researchers have shown that reward dependence is linked to opiate receptor binding ... with high reward dependence who feel a greater need for social rewards and verbal approval have more opiate receptors found in the ventral striatum, whereas people with low reward dependence have ... more details
, vein damage and overdose. Citation needed date May 2011 References reflist 2 Psychoactive substance use DEFAULTSORT Amphetamine Dependence Category Amphetamines Category Substancedependence ...Infobox disease Name Amphetamine dependence Image Amphetamine 2D skeletal.svg Caption Amphetamine DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 15 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Amphetamine dependence refers to a state of substancedependencedependence on a drug in the amphetamine class. Drug tolerance Tolerance is developed rapidly in amphetamine abuse, thereby the amount of the drug that is needed to satisfy the addiction needs to be increased at regular intervals. ref cite web title Amphetamines Drug Use and Abuse Merck Manual Home Health Handbook publisher Merck url http www.merckmanuals.com home special subjects drug use and abuse amphetamines.html accessdate February 28, 2007 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070217053619 http www.merck.com mmhe sec07 ch108 ch108g.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate February 17, 2007 ref Conversely, some researchers have reported observing the opposite effect in animal models repeated amphetamine use can produce reverse tolerance or sensitization to the psychological or locomotor stimulating effects of the drug. ref cite journal last1 Wolf first1 Marina last2 White first2 Francis last3 Nassar first3 Richard last4 Brooderson first4 Richard last5 Khansa first5 Mohamad year 1993 month January title Differential development of autoreceptor subsensitivity and enhanced dopamine release during amphetamine sensitization journal Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics volume 264 issue 1 pages 249 255 url http jpet.aspetjournals.org content 264 1 249.full.pdf format PDF issn 0022 3565 pmid 8093727 ... physical dependence, though withdrawal can still be hard for a user. ref https www.sa.psu.edu uhs healthinformation patientlibrary health amphetamines.cfm Reference on lack of physical dependence. ref ... more details
The term, frequency dependence is applied, or referred to in the following articles In Chemical synapse ... succession a phenomenon that gives rise to the so called frequency dependence of synapses. Common source Usually the frequency dependence of the gain v D v G is unimportant for frequencies even somewhat above the corner frequency of the ... Dielectric frequency dependence of the susceptibility leads to frequency dependence of the permittivity. Dispersion optics discusses cases of frequency dependence ... to frequency dependence effects in wave propagation. Also, there are the overarching Kramers Kronig relations that connect the frequency dependence of propagation and attenuation Evolutionary invasion analysis incorporates the concept of frequency dependence from game theory but allows for more ... Kronig relation s, which place limitations upon the form of the frequency dependence. ... Electrical ... in frequency dependence between healthy and diseased groups. ... Frequency dependent selection ... dependence of the operational amplifier gain is the finite gain... Grey atmosphere the absorption coefficient, typically represented by an , has no wavelength or frequency dependence for the frequency range being worked in. Intrinsic viscosity section entitled Frequency dependence The intrinsic viscosity formula may also be generalized to include a frequency dependence. Metamaterial some properties of metamaterials are related to frequency dependence Miller effect accounts for the increase ... of the capacitance between the input and output terminals. Opacity optics More extreme frequency dependence is visible in the absorption line s of cold gases. Permittivity frequency dependence of the susceptibility leads to frequency dependence of the permittivity. Photon The model accounted for the frequency dependence of light s energy... Pole splitting is a phenomenon exploited in some forms of frequency compensation used in an electronic amplifier. Frequency dependence is taken into consideration ... more details
a lot of time to doing so, satisfying the diagnostic criteria in DSM IV for substance abuse and dependence ... 978 1585622764 page 114 ref Mechanism Tolerance and physical dependence See also Kindling substance ... dependence should be suspected also in individuals having substance use disorders including ... dependencedependence on or drug misuse misuse . The next most common substance that elderly ...Infobox disease Name Benzodiazepine dependence DiseasesDB 29548 ICD10 ICD10 F 13 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.1 MedlinePlus 003578 eMedicineSubj Bztox eMedicineTopic 813255 Benzodiazepine dependence or benzodiazepine addiction is a condition during which a person is dependent on benzodiazepine drugs. Dependence can be either a Substancedependence psychological dependence , physical dependence , or a combination of the two. Physical dependence occurs when a person becomes drug tolerance tolerant to benzodiazepines ... a physical dependence , which can manifest itself upon dosage reduction or cessation as the benzodiazepine ... dependence, includes people misusing and or craving the drug not to relieve withdrawal symptoms ... despite any harmful effects. It is important to distinguish between Substance use disorder addiction and drug abuse of benzodiazepines and normal physical dependence on benzodiazepines. Physical dependence typically occurs from long term prescribed use, but drug abuse and or behavioral addiction ... 2010 doi pmid 20305598 ref ref cite journal author O brien CP title Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence ... system and the appearance of withdrawal symptoms. ref name Allison 2003 Therapeutic dose dependence ... 90 95 pmid 19122540 author Cloos JM, Ferreira V. doi 10.1097 YCO.0b013e32831a473d ref Dependence and misuse ... Episode Data Set TEDS , an annual compilation of patient characteristics in substance abuse treatment ... Licata, SC Rowlett, JK January 12, 2008 . Abuse and dependence liability of benzodiazepine type ... of dependence. In the short term, benzodiazepines can be effective drugs for acute anxiety or insomnia ... more details
In compiler theory , dependence analysis produces execution order constraints between statements instructions. Broadly speaking, a statement S2 depends on S1 if S1 must be executed before S2 . Broadly, there are two classes of dependencies control dependencies and Data dependency data dependencies . Dependence analysis determines whether or not it is safe to reorder or parallelize statements. Control dependencies Control dependence is a situation in which a program s instruction executes if the previous instruction evaluates in a way that allows its execution. A statement S2 is control dependent on S1 written math S1 delta c S2 math if and only if S2 s execution is conditionally guarded by S1 . The following is an example of such a control dependence S1 if x 2 goto L1 S2 y 3 S3 L1 z y 1 Here, S2 only runs if the predicate in S1 is false. Data dependencies A data dependence arises from two statements which access or modify the same resource. Flow True dependence A statement S2 is flow dependent on S1 written math S1 delta f S2 math if and only if S1 modifies a resource that S2 reads and S1 precedes S2 in execution. The following is an example of a flow dependence RAW Read After Write ... y code but S1 reads a prior value of code y code . Output dependence A statement S2 is output ... precedes S2 in execution. The following is an example of an output dependence WAW Write After Write S1 x 10 S2 x 20 Here, S2 and S1 both set the variable code x code . Input dependence A statement ... resource and S1 precedes S2 in execution. The following is an example of an input dependence RAR Read After Read S1 y x 3 S2 z x 5 Here, S2 and S1 both access the variable code x code . This is not a dependence ... dependence analysis , which extends the dependence framework given here. See also Program analysis computer science Automatic parallelization Vectorization parallel computing Loop dependence analysis ... book author Kennedy, Ken & Allen, Randy. title Optimizing Compilers for Modern Architectures A Dependence ... more details
In mathematics , a dependence relation is a binary relation which generalizes the relation of linear dependence . Let math X math be a set mathematics set . A binary relation math triangleleft math between an element math a math of math X math and a subset math S math of math X math is called a dependence relation , written math a triangleleft S math , if it satisfies the following properties if math a in S math , then math a triangleleft S math if math a triangleleft S math , then there is a finite set finite subset math S 0 math of math S math , such that math a triangleleft S 0 math if math T math is a subset of math X math such that math b in S math implies math b triangleleft T math , then math a triangleleft S math implies math a triangleleft T math if math a triangleleft S math but math a not triangleleft S lbrace b rbrace math for some math b in S math , then math b triangleleft S lbrace b rbrace cup lbrace a rbrace math . Given a dependence relation math triangleleft math on math X math , a subset math S math of math X math is said to be independent if math a not triangleleft S lbrace a rbrace math for all math a in S. math If math S subseteq T math , then math S math is said to span math T math if math t triangleleft S math for every math t in T. math math S math is said to be a basis of math X math if math S math is independent and math S math spans math X. math Remark. If math X math is a non empty set with a dependence relation math triangleleft math , then math X math always has a basis with respect to math triangleleft. math Furthermore, any two bases of math ... if math upsilon math is in the linear subspace subspace spanned by math S math , is a dependence relation. This is logical equivalence equivalent to the definition of linear independence linear dependence ... triangleleft math is a dependence relation. This is equivalent to the definition of algebraic dependence . See also matroid planetmath id 5792 title Dependence relation Category Mathematical ... more details
Roughly speaking, in decision theory , game theory , and rational choice , menu dependence arises when the evaluation of alternatives for choice or the mode of selection guiding choice varies parametrically with what collection of alternatives is available for choice i.e., with what menu or decision problem a decision maker is facing . Menu dependence can be accompanied by violations of various so called consistency or coherence constraints, such as Sen s condition also known as Chernoff s Axiom, a contraction condition and Sen s conditions and expansion conditions . While the phenomenon can arise in a variety of ways, menu dependence is often informally associated with a change in a decision maker s preferences among alternatives with the addition of irrelevant alternative s. See also Independence of irrelevant alternatives mathapplied stub Category Applied mathematics ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cocaine dependence Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 14 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 3116 MeshID D019970 Cocaine dependence or addiction is a psychological desire to regularly use cocaine . It can result in cardiovascular and brain damage such as constricting blood vessels in the brain, causing strokes and constricting arteries in the heart, causing heart attacks ref http www.webmd.com mental health cocaine use and its effects ref specifically in the central nervous system . The use of cocaine can cause mood swings , paranoia , insomnia , psychosis , high blood pressure , tachycardia , panic attacks , Cognitive dysfunction cognitive impairments and drastic changes in the personality that can lead to aggressive, compulsive, criminal and or erratic behaviors. The symptoms of cocaine withdrawal also known as Comedown drugs comedown or crash range from moderate to severe dysphoria , Depression mood depression , anxiety , weakness psychological and physical weakness , pain and compulsive Craving withdrawal craving . Historically, the addiction was known as cocainism. ref name Medical herald cite book title Medical herald url http books.google.com books?id XMVXAAAAMAAJ&pg PA79 accessdate 16 June 2011 year 1891 page 79 ref Risk According to a study of 1081 US residents aged over 11 years who had used cocaine for the first ... such negative effects, further increasing addiction potential and harmfulness. Mechanism of dependence ... An open label trial of N acetylcysteine for the treatment of cocaine dependence a pilot study journal ... A, et al. title New treatments for cocaine dependence a focused review journal Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol ... A multicenter trial of bupropion for cocaine dependence in methadone maintained patients journal Drug ... this effect. Notes references group nb References Reflist 2 Psychoactive substance use Category Substancedependence Category Cocaine Dependence de Kokain Kokainismus et Kokainism ... more details
cleanup linkrot date August 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Declaration of Dependence Type Album Artist Kings of Convenience Cover KoC Declaration of Dependence.jpg Released October 20, 2009 Recorded February 2007 June 2009 ref http www.parisdjs.com index.php post Kings of Convenience Declaration Of Dependence ref Genre Indie pop Length Label Virgin Records Virgin EMI Producer Davide Bertolini br Robert J nnum br Kings of Convenience Last album Riot on an Empty Street br 2004 This album Declaration of Dependence br 2009 Next album Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r1660614 pure url yes Allmusic review ref rev2 BBC Music rev2score positive ref http www.bbc.co.uk music reviews 2vcg BBC Music review ref rev3 The Boston Globe rev3score positive ref http www.boston.com ae music cd reviews articles 2009 10 19 kings of convenience declaration of dependence The Boston Globe review ref rev4 Pitchfork.com rev4score 7.9 10 ref http pitchfork.com reviews albums 13553 declaration of dependence Pitchfork.com review ref rev5 Drowned In Sound rev5score 6 10 ref http drownedinsound.com releases 14786 reviews 4138180 Drowned In Sound review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Declaration of Dependence is the third album from Norway Norwegian duo Kings of Convenience and it is also their first album in five years. ref http pitchfork.com news 36032 new release kings of convenience ideclaration of dependencei ref It was released on October 5, 2009. Mrs Cold and Boat Behind have been released as radio singles in some countries. The album was pre released on September 21 for Spotify premium subscribers. It was released in selected countries such as Poland on September 28, 2009. ref http www.empik.com declaration of dependence muzyka,prod22410024,p ref In Italy the album reached Gold status. Track listing tracklist title1 ... albums Category 2009 albums it Declaration of Dependence nl Declaration of Dependence ... more details
Infobox Book name The Anatomy of Dependence title orig translator John Bester image image caption author Takeo Doi illustrator cover artist country Japan language Japanese language Japanese series subject Dependence, Japanese national characteristics, amae genre publisher Kodansha International pub date 1971 in books 1971 english pub date 1973 in books 1973 media type pages 170 isbn 0 87011 181 7 dewey 150 .19 5 congress BF575.D34 D6413 oclc 756181 preceded by followed by nihongo The Anatomy of Dependence Amae no k z is a non fiction book written by Japanese people Japanese psychoanalyst Takeo Doi . It was originally published in Japanese in 1971, and an English translation by John Bester was later published in 1973. The book describes at length Doi s concept of amae , which he describes as a uniquely Japanese need to be in good favor with, and be able to depend on, the people around oneself. He likens this to behaving childishly in the assumption that parents will indulge you Doi 2001 16 , and claims that the ideal relationship is that of the parent child, and all other relationships should strive for this degree of closeness Doi 2001 39 . Criticism Doi s work has been criticized as being anecdotal and full of inaccuracies. See Dale, P 1986 The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness, Mouer and Sugimoto 1986, 1982, Kubota 1999 References Doi, T. The Anatomy of Dependence , Kodansha America , Inc., 2001. ISBN 4 7700 2800 8 DEFAULTSORT Anatomy of Dependence, The Category 1971 books Category Japanese books Category Books about Japan Category Psychology books japan lit stub ja it Anatomia della dipendenza ... more details
About path dependence in economics and social sciences a similar topic in physics Path dependence physics Path dependence explains how the set of decisions one faces for any given circumstance is limited .... ref Definition from http poopthebook.com blog ?p 20 Our Love Of Sewers A Lesson in Path Dependence , Dave Praeger, 15 June 2008. ref In economics and the social science s path dependence can refer ... page 981 quote Most generally, path dependence means that where we go next depends not only ... path dependence can be weak the efficiency of the chosen path is tied with some alternatives , semi ... states isn t notable ref cite journal author Bella che, Jo l year title On the path dependence ... are path dependent, and the phenomenon of dependence of history might be ignored for short period ..., path dependence had little to do with VHS s success, which would have occurred even if Betamax ... effects are at the origin of path dependence. They lead to a reinforcing pattern, in which industries ... of initial conditions or transitory events. With path dependence, both the starting point and accidental ... in computer keyboards . He called this path dependence , ref cite journal author Paul David year 1985 ... , France, 5 12 September 1999. ref Economic debate continues on the significance of path dependence ... title Path Dependence author Douglas Puffert date 2008 02 10 accessdate 20 May 2010 ref ... influencing the natural rate itself. Liebowitz and Margolis distinguish types of path dependence ref ... implications of neoclassical economics. Only third degree path dependence where switching gains are high ... exist. ref cite web url http www.utdallas.edu liebowit palgrave palpd.html title Path Dependence 4. Evidence for Third Degree Path Dependence author Stephen E. Margolis & S. J. Liebowitz accessdate ... degree path dependence in markets. ref Vergne and Durand qualify this critique by specifying the conditions under which path dependence theory can be tested empirically. ref cite journal doi 10.1111 ... more details
Dependence logic is a logical formalism, created by Jouko V n nen ref refVaananen07 V n nen 2007 ref , which adds dependence atoms to the language of First Order Logic first order logic . A dependence ... dependent on the values of math t 1 ldots t n 1 math . Dependence logic is a Logics of imperfect ... to the players, thus allowing for non linearly ordered patterns of dependence and independence between variables. However, dependence logic differs from these logics in that it separates the notions of dependence and independence from the notion of quantification. Syntax The syntax of dependence ... S sub func sub , S sub rel sub , ar , the set of all well formed dependence logic formulas is defined according to the following rules Terms Terms in dependence logic are defined First order logic Terms precisely as in first order logic . Atomic formulas There are three types of atomic formulas in dependence ... t 2 math A dependence atom is an expression of the form math t 1 ldots t n math , for any math n in mathbb ... of dependence logic. Relational and equality atoms are also called first order atoms . Complex formulas and sentences For a fixed signature , the set of all formulas math phi math of dependence logic ... Free phi backslash v math . Nothing is a dependence logic formula unless it can be obtained through ... phi emptyset math is a sentence of dependence logic. Conjunction and universal quantification In the above presentation of the syntax of dependence logic, conjunction and universal quantification ... semantics for dependence logic is a variant of Wilfrid Hodges Wilfrid Hodges compositional semantics ... 2007, 3.2 ref There exist equivalent game theoretic semantics for dependence logic, both in terms ... A math , a team math X math over it and a dependence logic formula math phi math whose Free variables ... is a consequence of the fact that in dependence logic, as in the logic of Branching quantifier ... relations of the team semantics for dependence logic are defined by Structural induction structural ... more details
Infobox NRHP name Legg s Dependence nrhp type image caption nearest city Stevensville, Maryland lat degrees 38 lat minutes 55 lat seconds 13 lat direction N long degrees 76 long minutes 20 long seconds 46 long direction W locmapin Maryland area built 1760 architect architecture Georgian, Greek Revival added November 08, 2003 governing body Private refnum 03001116 ref name nris NRISref 2008a ref Legg s Dependence , also known as Long Creek Farm and William E. Porter Farm, is a historic home located at Stevensville, Maryland Stevensville , Queen Anne s County, Maryland . It is a frac 2 1 2 story center hall plan brick house. It was built in several stages beginning around 1760 80, as a single story Hall and parlor house hall parlor plan dwelling. It was enlarged to its present form during the second quarter of the 19th century. ref cite web url http www.mht.maryland.gov nr NRDetail.aspx?HDID 1428&COUNTY Queen 20Annes&FROM NRCountyList.aspx?COUNTY Queen 20Annes title Maryland Historical Trust date 2008 10 05 work National Register of Historic Places Legg s Dependence publisher Maryland Historical Trust ref It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. ref name nris References reflist External links http www.mht.maryland.gov nr NRDetail.aspx?HDID 1428&COUNTY Queen 20Annes&FROM NRCountyList.aspx?COUNTY Queen 20Annes Legg s Dependence, Queen Anne s County , including photo from 2002, at Maryland Historical Trust QueenAnne NRHP National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Category Hall and parlor houses Category Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Category Houses in Queen Anne s County, Maryland Category Houses completed in 1760 Maryland NRHP stub ... more details
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