Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In Biology a subculture is a new cell culture cell or microbiological culture made by transferring some or all cell biology cell s from a previous culture to fresh growth medium . This action is called subculturing or passaging the cells. Subculture is used to prolong the life and or expand the number of cells or microorganisms in the culture. Role Cell lines and microorganisms cannot be held in culture indefinitely due to the gradual rise in toxic metabolites , use of nutrients and increase in cell number due to growth. Subculture is therefore used to produce a new culture with a lower density of cells than the originating culture, fresh nutrients and no toxic metabolites allowing continued growth of the cells without risk of cell death. Subculture is important for both proliferating e.g. a microorganism like E. coli and non proliferating e.g. terminally differentiated white blood cells cells. Typically subculture is from a culture of a certain volume into fresh growth medium of equal volume, this allows long term maintenance of the cell line. Subculture into a larger volume of growth medium is used when wanting to increase the number of cells for, for example, use in an industrial process or scientific experiment. Passage number It is often important to record the approximate number of divisions cells have had in culture by recording the number of passages or subcultures. In the case of plant tissue cells somaclonal variation may ... onto their growth surface. DEFAULTSORT SubcultureBiology Category Microbiology terms Microbiology ..., which is rarely precisely like the microorganisms natural environment, which can alter their biology ... for optimal growth and subculture will normally try to keep the cells in this range. Adherent ... confluencies over 10 but under 100 , and subculture will normally try to keep the cells in this range. For subculture cells may be detached by one of several methods including trypsin treatment to break ... more details
For the term in biology, see subculturebiology . For the song by New Order, see Sub culture song . For the computer ... studies , a subculture is a group of people with a culture whether distinct or hidden which ... commercially provided styles and meanings, and a subculture which actively sought a minority style ... values . ref Middleton 1990 ref In his 1979 book Subculture the Meaning of Style , Dick Hebdige argued that a subculture is a subversion to normalcy. He wrote that subcultures can be perceived as negative ... subcultural capital as the cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of a subculture ... of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which ... often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear ... based subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history such as jazz , Goth subculture goth , Punk subculture punk , Hip .... ref Blair, M. Elizabeth. Commercialization of Rap Music Youth Subculture . Journal of Popular Culture ... subculture s distinctive and initially shocking style of clothing was adopted by mass market fashion companies once the subculture became a media interest. Dick Hebdige argues that the punk subculture ... logic. Maffesoli claims that Punk subculture punks are a typical example of an urban tribe . ref Maffesoli ... expressed themselves through the gay culture , considered the largest sexual subculture of the 20th ... its expressions in fashion, music, and design, the gay culture can no longer be considered a subculture in many parts of the world, although some aspects of gay culture like Leather subculture ... among some lesbians also engender their own subculture with stereotypical attire, for instance ... can be considered a subculture broadly encompassing those that reject normativity in sexual behavior ... Youth subculture Art world Adolescence Folk culture History of Western subcultures in the 20th ... more details
Internet subculture may refer to a subculture disseminated mainly over the Internet, or Cyberculture , the sub culture emerging from the Internet. disambiguation ... more details
About the subculture the Germanic tribes Goths other uses Gothic disambiguation File Gothic girl.jpg ... The goth subculture is a contemporary subculture found in many countries. It began in England during the early 1980s in the gothic rock scene, an offshoot of the post punk genre. The goth subculture ... www.nytimes.com 2008 09 18 fashion 18GOTH.html Access date September 18, 2008. ref The goth subculture ... within the subculture range from deathrock , punk fashion punk and Victorian fashion Victorian style ... States, where the subculture grew especially in New York and Los Angeles , California, where ... subculture, classic romantic, gothic and horror literature has played a significant role. Edgar ... tragic and romantic writers have become as emblematic of the subculture as has using dark eyeliner ... influences Elements appearing in culture The influence of the gothic novel on the goth subculture can be seen in numerous examples of the subculture s poetry and music, though this influence sometimes ... Bela Lugosi s Dead , released August 1979, with the start of the goth subculture, ref Reynolds, Simon ... Film poster for The Hunger 1983 film The Hunger , a key influence in the early days of the goth subculture ... were originally tongue in cheek , but as time went on, bands and members of the subculture took ... serious in the subculture. The interconnection between horror and goth was highlighted in its ...?q poppy z 2E brite lost souls dead link date December 2011 ref Later media influences As the subculture ... previous 1997 release, Hex Files The Goth Bible similarly took an international look at the subculture ... Viona Ielegems at Wave Gotik Treffen in 2005 The goth subculture has influenced different artists ... section OR date May 2011 Defining an explicit ideology for the gothic subculture is difficult for several ... as in the gothic subculture itself. Goths, in terms of their membership in the subculture, are usually ... culture. Unlike the hippie or punk subculture punk movements, the gothic subculture has no pronounced ... more details
The maker subculture is a contemporary subculture, representing a technology based extension of DIY culture . Typical interests enjoyed by the maker subculture include engineering oriented pursuits such as electronics , robotics , 3D printing 3 D printing , and the use of CNC tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking , woodworking , and traditional Art and craft arts and crafts . The rise of the maker subculture is closely associated with the rise of hackerspaces , of which there are now over 100 in the United States ref Tinkering Makes Comeback Amidst Crisis, http online.wsj.com article SB125798004542744219.html ref . Some notable hackerspaces which have been linked with the maker subculture include NYC Resistor , A2 Mech Shop , and the for profit TechShop . In addition, those who identify with the subculture can be found at more traditional universities with a technical orientation, such as MIT specifically around Industrial arts shop areas like the MIT Hobby Shop . Some media outlets associated with the subculture include Make magazine MAKE a magazine published since 2005 by O Reilly Media and the popular weblog Boing Boing . Boing Boing editor Cory Doctorow has written a novel, Makers Cory Doctorow novel Makers , which he describes as being a book about people who hack hardware, business models, and living arrangements to discover ways of staying alive and happy even when the economy is falling down the toilet ref Makers, my new novel free downloads, donate to libraries and colleges, signings and tours, http boingboing.net 2009 10 28 makers my new novel.html ref . Since 2006, the subculture has held a yearly event, Maker Faire , which has drawn crowds of up to 65,000 attendees. References Reflist External links http www.economist.com node 21540392 The Economist article on the Maker movement Category DIY culture Category Subcultures ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 Lan is the name attributed to a subculture and its followers in Germany . Lan subculture was created by German Turks Turkish young men in early 1990s and it was adopted by young men of various Middle East ern origins. The word lan short for ulan is a Turkish language Turkish word of interjection or address that is considered to be vulgar and unconstrained. The word came to mean guy , dude , etc. in Germany . Its contemporary usage in German language German is seen as pejorative and offensive. Lan subculture draws many similarities with pimp life style of Hip hop music hip hop . A stereotypical lan is characterised by his physical appearance extravagant hair and beard styling, bodybuilding , sunbed tan, etc. , display of symbols of status BMW 3 series expensive automobiles , golden bling bling s, trademark clothing, trendy mobile phones , etc. , and use of the Kanak Sprak sociolect . Lan subculture is often criticised by broader German public for its polarising aspects. First of all, showing aggressive behaviour is perceived to be a part of group identity. Lans also usually have a macho attitude towards young women protective for Turkish girls, seductive for German girls , often misogynist in tone. Another point of criticism is their alleged feelings of distrust and disrespect for German people and culture. Lans share many aesthetic characteristics with the British chav subculture. This article lacks the historical background of this word. Lan is not created from the ulan but from la and lo. This word can be traced back to Eastern Turkish tribes. Additionally, it is one of the rare words that cannot be translated due to its meaninglessness. Furthermore, central Asian Turkic countries are still using this word. For further information please see linguistics books on Turkish, available at University of Bilkent. See also Kanake Category German culture Category Youth culture ... more details
unreferenced date May 2009 otheruses Redskin disambiguation In the context of the skinhead subculture , a redskin is a left wing politics left wing Socialism socialist or Communism communist skinhead. The term combines the word red , a slang term for socialist or communist with the word skin , which is short for skinhead. Redskins take a militant Anti fascism anti fascist and pro working class stance. The most well known organization associated with redskins is Red and Anarchist Skinheads RASH . Other groups that have had redskin members include Anti Fascist Action , Red Action and Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice although SHARP does not have an official leftist ideology . Bands associated with redskins include The Redskins , Angelic Upstarts , Blaggers I.T.A. , Skin Deep, Kortatu , Skalariak , Banda Bassotti , The Burial , Negu Gorriak , Opci k 95 , Los Fastidios , Direttiva 16 and The Press band The Press . One record label associated with the subculture is Insurgence Records . Skinhead DEFAULTSORT Redskin Subculture Category Anti neo Nazi activism Category Skinhead Category Social class subcultures Category Anti fascists es Redskin fr Redskin it Redskin nl Redskin pl Redskins pt Redskin ... more details
Other uses Greaser disambiguation For the British motorcycling subculture of the 1960s Rocker subculture Refimprove date June 2009 File MHBgreaser.jpg thumb right Typical North American greaser of Quebec , Canada . circa 1960 Greasers are a working class youth subculture that originated in the 1950s among young Northeastern United States northeastern and American South southern United States street gang s. The style and subculture then became popular among other types of people, as an expression of rebellion. In the 1950s and early 1960s, these youths were known as Hoodlum hoods . ref Marcus, Daniel. Happy Days and Wonder Years The Fifties and the Sixties in Contemporary Cultural Politics . New Brunswick Rutgers University Press , 2004. p. 12. ref The name greaser came from their greased back hairstyle, which involved combing back hair with Hair wax wax , Hair gel gel , creams, tonics or pomade . The term greaser reappeared in later decades as part of a revival of 1950s popular culture. One of the first manifestations of this revival was a 1971 American 7 Up television commercial that featured a 1950s greaser saying Hey remember me? I m the teen angel. The music act Sha Na Na also played a major role in the revival. Although the greaser subculture was largely an American youth phenomenon, there were similar subcultures in the United Kingdom and Australia . The 1950s British equivalents were the ton up boy s, who evolved into the Rocker subculture rockers in the 1960s. Members of rival subcultures in the UK, such as skinhead s, sometimes referred to greasers simply as grease ... as being fans of 1950s rockabilly music . The equivalent subculture in Australia was the Bodgies and Widgies ... United States variant of the greaser subculture. Other films and TV shows featuring greasers ... New Vegas 2010 , The Violent Kind 2010 See also Rocker subculture rocker B s zoku Fonzie Halbstarke ... and trends Category Motorcycling subculture Category Subcultures cs Greaser et L ngused es Greaser fr ... more details
about the Australasian subculture other uses Feral The feral subculture is a counter cultural social movement originating in the latter part of the twentieth century, mainly centered in Australasia . The movement reached its heyday in the mid 1990s, in parallel with crusties other similar movements in Europe and elsewhere. In common with those movements, the feral phenomenon can be seen as part of the wider counterculture . ref Cohen, Green Fire , Angus and Robertson, 1996 ref In Australasia, the ferals are often seen as an amalgam of the Punk subculture punk and hippie subcultures, with a radical environmental philosophy. ref http www.feralcheryl.com.au www.feralcheryl.com.au , retrieved Tuesday, 19, 2010. ref The movement, during the 1990s, was the subject of national attention, ref name Murray Murray ibid and W Gibbs, Feral Aussie families they live in trees and eat wattle seeds , Woman s Day , 13 February 1995, pp 12 13. ref and as a phenomenon has been the subject of anthropological attention as a characteristically Australian alternative lifestyle . ref name Murray ref St John, G. 1997. Going feral authentica on the edge of Australian culture . The Australian Journal of Anthropology 8 2 167 189 ref Going Tribal , ref http aso.gov.au titles documentaries going tribal ref a documentary by Light Source Films, examined the subculture in 1995. The feral movement is strongly associated with radical environmentalism and a communal lifestyle, with many members residing on Intentional Community multiple occupancy properties. In common with the hippies before them, many members of the feral movement rely on a system of punk house crash pads , squatting squats , and extended networks of friends of friends throughout Australia to travel with a minimum of financial outlay. ref http www.confest.org thesis fiveroots.html ref Although the itinerant lifestyle and environmental beliefs ... Ecologism in Australia DEFAULTSORT Feral Subculture Category Pejorative terms for people Category Social ... more details
merge Youth culture date December 2011 File ravers.jpg thumb A group of Ravers . A youth subculture is a youth based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institution s such as family , employment work , home and school . Youth subcultures that show a systematic hostility to the dominant culture are sometimes described as counterculture s. Youth music genre s are associated with many youth subcultures, such as Punk subculture punks , emos , rave raver s, Juggalos , Heavy metal subculture metalheads and Goth subculture goths . The study of subcultures often consists of the study of the symbol ism attached to clothing, music, other visible affections by members of the subculture, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. Socioeconomic class , gender , intelligence , conformity , morality , and ethnicity can be important in relation to youth subcultures. Youth subcultures can be defined as meaning systems, modes of expression or lifestyle sociology lifestyle s developed by groups in subordinate structural positions in response to dominant systems and which reflect their attempt to solve structural contradictions rising from the wider ... thumb left Example of a participant in EMO subculture. The term scene can refer to an exclusive subculture or faction. Scenes are distinguished from the broad culture through either fashion identification ... The term can be used to describe geographic subsets of a subculture, such as the Detroit drum and bass scene or the London goth scene. Theories about youth subculture Early studies in youth culture were ... of subculture utilize many of the ideas from these other theories, including hegemony and the role ... the hegemony of the dominant culture. ref Hebdige, Dick. Subculture in the meaning of style , Menthuen ... Steven Mintz claims that until about 1955, youth subculture as such did not exist. Children aspired ... more details
Assemblage and subculture the Casuals and their clothing url http books.google.com ?id 03w9AAAAIAAJ&pg PA100&lpg PA100&dq casuals subculture ref ref cite news title Pundit says learn to love the casuals ... ?id USl1G 903EwC&pg PA91&vq casuals subculture skinheads mods hippies page 91 title The Subcultures ... 08 15 chapter url Subcultural conflict isbn 9780415344166 ref The subculture originated in the United ... fashion led subculture element since the rise of the Teddy Boys in the mid 1950s. This continued with the Mod subculture mods of the early 1960s, the skinhead s of the late 1960s and later , and the mod revival ists of the late 1970s. The casual subculture began in the late 1970s after Liverpool ... company Kappa and Slazenger . Fashion trends frequently changed, and the casual subculture reached ... of the casual subculture faded. 1990s and 2000s refimprove section date June 2011 In the mid 1990s, the casual subculture experienced a revival, but emphasis on style had changed slightly. Many ... edition illustrated editor Routledge year 1988 isbn 0415006473 pages 100 106 chapter Assemblage and subculture ... PA100&dq casuals subculture cite journal title Hit and Tell a Review Essay on the Soccer Hooligan Memoir ... article from Times Online Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Casual Subculture Category Association ... more details
, but developing begun in 1980s with evolution of DJ ing and raves . The subculture took shape in the late ... social changes have, however, occurred since then to transform this subculture into a mainstream ... of clubbing, while it was more rave subculture, it involved mostly younger people between 15 and 25 years of age. A subculture emerged around raves, featuring an ethos of peace, love, unity, and respect ... more details
Pokem n is the name of an Subculture Urban tribes urban tribe among Chile s youth that surfaced in the mid 2000s ref name newsweek cite web author Ashley Steinberg url http www.newsweek.com id 124098 title Rebels Without Cause work Newsweek Web Exclusive date 2008 03 18 ref ref name kotaku cite web url http kotaku.com 369988 pokemones are not oral sexy obsessed just kissing crazy title Pokemones Are Not Oral Sexy Obsessed, Just Kissing Crazy work Kotaku date 2008 03 20 ref and began to decline in late 2009. ref cite web url http www.cambio21.cl noticia.php?noticia id 20602&categoria id 58 title El ef mero mundo de las tribus urbanas Ya casi no quedan pokemones . Ahora debutaron en escena los pol micos eroguros work Cambio 21 language Spanish date 2010 07 04 ref They are readily identifiable by their angular and pressed hairstyles, ref name nytimes cite web url http www.nytimes.com 2008 09 13 world americas 13chile.html title In Tangle of Young Lips, a Sex Rebellion in Chile work The New York Times date 2008 09 12 author Alexei Barrionuevo ref reminiscent of characters from the Japan ese media franchise Pok mon . ref cite web url http www.chinadaily.com.cn lifestyle 2008 01 18 content 6404561.htm title Pokemon style gets popular in Chile work China Daily date 2008 01 18 ref ref http www.youtube.com watch?v UnIP81KvxlI Pokemones vuelven a clases , a video report by TVN Chile TVN on their official YouTube channel. es icon ref It was one of the largest and better known urban tribes in the country. ref name publimetro cite web url http www.publimetro.cl content view 126154 Campa a busca evitar odio contra pokemones.html title Campa a busca evitar odio contra pokemones work Metro ... also shared some aspects typical to the Punk subculture Punk and the local Hardcore subculture ... August 2008 People belonging to the subculture increasingly began to be attacked outside discos and pubs ... 466 5 month March year 2009 location Chile DEFAULTSORT Pokemon Subculture Category Fashion aesthetics ... more details
subculture, a variety of traditions have been observed, often diligently. ref name OG Tradition ... ref Today, the leather subculture is one of many facets to semi organized alternative sexuality ... aspects of the men s leather subculture for a wider audience. Rob Halford , the lead singer ... no figure has more vividly represented the leather subculture in the popular imagination than the leatherman .... Even so, the most visibly organized SM community has been a subculture of the gay community , as evidenced ... the association of the leather subculture with BDSM. ref citation last Townsend first Larry year ... practices have also become a common, though perhaps not widespread, element of the goth subculture ... subculture. Patrick Califia Pat Califia , who was a lesbian activist in the San Francisco leather subculture, is credited for defining the emergence of lesbian leather subculture. In 1978, Califia ... Old Guard , more than ever the leather subculture in the 21st century represents the activities ... as early as 1978, a look he described as originating in the gay leather subculture. ref name ... of the leather subculture. In addition to activities in Chicago, the LA&M serves the leather ... subculture. See also Hanky code BDSM Fetlife Daedalus Publishing Folsom Street Fair International ... 2010 DEFAULTSORT Leather Subculture Category BDSM Category LGBT culture Category Fetish subculture Category Leather clothing Subculture da L dersubkulturen de Lederszene es Leather fr Communaut cuir ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 The punk subculture includes a diverse array of Punk ideologies ideologies ... subculture The punk subculture emerged in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia ... Early punk had an abundance of antecedents and influences, and Jon Savage has described the subculture ... movement political , and artistic movements influenced the subculture. In particular, punk ..., the subculture began to diversify with the proliferation of factions such as 2 Tone , Oi , pop punk ... as the original subculture had. In the mid 1980s to the early 1990s in America, various underground ..., doing away with some of the trappings of hardcore. Music Main Punk rock The punk subculture is centered ... style of punk rock, although not every style of punk rock has its own associated subculture. Most ... , veganism and animal rights . However, some individuals within the punk subculture hold Right wing ... or ideology. This is most common in the post 1980s US hardcore punk scene, where members of the subculture ... works are among the first known examples of punk literature. The punk subculture has inspired ... Dec 2002 accessdate 27 December 2006 Dead link date September 2010 ref Although the punk subculture ... to the development of the subculture. Citation needed date February 2007 Substance abuse has sometimes ... has also sometimes appeared in the punk subculture, but has been opposed by some subsets of the subculture ... of the scene, which may range from political beliefs to lifestyle practices. In the punk subculture ... or hardcore subculture, generally for attaining acceptability within the group, yet who is deemed to not share or understand the values or philosophy of the subculture. ref cite book last O Hara ... and contempt by members of the subculture, the definition of the term and to whom it should be applied ... Westport, Conn year 2006 isbn 9780313333408 ref The skinhead subculture of the late 1960s which had ... grunge subculture was a fusion of punk anti fashion ideals and metal influenced guitar sounds. However ... more details
for the Morrissey single Suedehead The Suedehead subculture was an early 1970s offshoot of skinhead subculture in the United Kingdom . Although sharing similarities to 1960s skinheads, suedeheads grew their hair longer and dressed more formally. ref cite news url http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,909318,00.html?promoid googlep work Time title Britain The Skinheads date 1970 06 08 accessdate 2010 05 24 ref ref name Suedeheads cite book last de Konigh first Michael title Suedehead Reggae Box Set liner notes publisher Trojan Records year 2004 location London id TJETD003 ref Although often working class like skinheads, some had White collar worker white collar jobs. A female suedehead was a sort . Suedeheads wore brogues , loafers or basketweave Norwegians instead of heavy boots. Suedeheads wore Suit clothing suits especially in check patterns such as Prince of Wales and dogtooth and other dressy outfits as everyday wear instead of just at dancehalls. Crombie clothing Crombie style overcoats and sheepskin coats became common. Shirts often had large button down collars. The most common style was a large windowpane check worn under a Tank top sweater tank top known as a sweater vest in North America . Sta Prest trousers became worn more than jeans, which had been common with skinheads. Another characteristic was coloured socks such as solid red or blue instead of plain black or white. ref name Suedeheads Suedeheads shared the skinheads interest in reggae , soul music and ska , but slower and more soulful. ref name Suedeheads ref name Morrissey Gets It Off His Chest http motorcycleaupairboy.com interviews 1988 chest.htm Morrissey Gets It Off His Chest Bot generated title ref Some suedeheads also listened to Great Britain British glam rock bands, such as Sweet band The Sweet , Slade and Mott the Hoople . ref name Suedeheads ref http www.themilkfactory.co.uk interviews ... in 1988, although the lyrics have nothing to do with suedehead subculture. External links http ... more details
Mod from modernist is a subculture that originated in London, England, in the late 1950s and peaked ... Significant elements of the mod subculture include fashion often tailor made suits music, including ... , art , design and architecture . History Dick Hebdige claims that the progenitors of the mod subculture ... Simon Frith asserts that the mod subculture had its roots in the 1950s beatnik coffee bar culture ... subculture gradually accumulated the identifying symbols that later came to be associated with the scene ... subculture lost its vitality when it became commercialised, artificial and stylised to the point ..., 1993. Page 174 ref As psychedelic rock and the hippie subculture grew more popular in the United Kingdom ... also part of the early northern soul scene, a subculture based on obscure 1960s and 1970s American ... be difficult to pin down, because throughout the subculture s original era, it was prone to continuous ... subculture argues that mods are difficult to define because the subculture started out as a mysterious ... subculture came about as part of the participants desire to understand the mysterious complexity ... called the mod subculture a fashion obsessed and hedonistic cult of the hyper cool young adults who ... subculture s flamboyant dressing style. File RAF roundel.svg 120px thumb The Royal Air Force roundels ... ref Jobling and Crowley argue that for working class mods, the subculture s focus on fashion and music ... Jobling and Crowley note that while the subculture had strong elements of consumerism and shopping ... styles in part as a reaction to the rural and small town Rocker subculture rockers , who were seen as trapped in the 1950s, with their leather motorcycle clothes and American Greaser subculture ... Design 1800 Amphetamines A notable part of the mod subculture was recreational amphetamine use, which ... had provided inexpensive transportation for decades before the development of the mod subculture ... themes related to mods and Rocker subculture rockers , depicts a young man on a Vespa GS with four ... more details
rocker subculture rocker s and motorcycling biker s, the vast majority of whom had not been anywhere ... and Blues . References Notes reflist Bibliography External links DEFAULTSORT Exi Subculture ... more details
Furie. After 2000, the rocker subculture became an influence on the rockabilly revival and psychobilly ... article about rockers on Visor Down DEFAULTSORT Rocker Subculture Category Youth culture in the United Kingdom Category Social groups Category Motorcycling subculture cs Rocker subkultura de ... more details
about the subculture the political epithet hardline the hard rock band Hardline band notability date December 2011 Cleanup afd date April 2008 Inline article date July 2008 Hardline is a radical deep ecology movement that has its roots in the straight edge hardcore punk hardcore scene. From an initial founding statement the movement attempted a break with the straight edge and hardcore punk hardcore scenes. The founding statement and subsequent literature pushed a biocentrism ethics bio centric view of the world, pro life stance on abortion and much more extreme version of straight edge . Beliefs The hardline philosophy forbids its adherents from smoking or chewing any form of tobacco , drinking alcoholic beverage s, and using illicit Psychoactive drug drugs or modern medicines. Hardliners as they are called are expected to follow a strict dietary regimen based on the above mentioned pillars of respect for innocent life and the natural order. Hardliners eat only foods that are vegan and relatively natural e.g. brown rice over white, evaporated cane juice over white sugar, organic produce over conventional, natural oils over hydrogenated . Human rights issues are also factored into the movement s food politics, and followers are urged to shun third world cash crops such as coffee, chocolate, sugar, and most tropical fruits. Hardliners include caffeine in their stance on mind altering drugs so the first two items are generally abstained from, but consumption of the last two is often given more leeway. ref name toefur straightedge1 cite web url http www.toefur straightedge.com articles article3.html title What is hardline? ref In keeping with its Abrahamic religions Abrahamic ..., and the controversy they aroused drew considerable attention to their positions. Those in the subculture ... pre Internet media environment made recruiting from outside the hardcore subculture next to impossible ... punk rock band Anti Flag criticizes the subculture, specifically their anti abortion stance ... more details
Other uses pp semi protected small yes pp move indef File Biology organism collage.png thumb 300px Biology ... , and Brachypelma smithi science Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life ... Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms. ref Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions ... be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology ref name avila biology cite book author Avila, Vernon L. title Biology Investigating life on earth publisher Jones and Bartlett location Boston ... condition Living organisms consume and transform energy . Subdisciplines of biology are recognized ... examines the rudimentary chemistry of life molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell biology cell physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissue biology ... of biology File Tree of life by Haeckel.jpg thumb Ernst Haeckel s Tree of Life 1879 The term wiktionary biologybiology is derived from the Greek Language Greek word lang grc wikt , bios , life ... of amphibians by deletion of the initial amphi . Although biology in its modern form is a relatively ... subcontinent , and China . However, the origins of modern biology and its approach to the study ... 384 BC 322 BC who contributed most extensively to the development of biology. Especially ... Islamic world who wrote on biology included al Jahiz 781 869 , Al Dinawari 828 896 , who ... hierarchy of life. Biology began to quickly develop and grow with Antony van Leeuwenhoek s dramatic ... pointed to the central importance of the cell biology cell . In 1838 and 1839, Matthias Jakob Schleiden ... to be known as cell theory . ref Sapp, Genesis , chapter 7 Coleman, Biology in the Nineteenth Century ... genetics . From the 1950s to present times, biology has been vastly extended in the molecular ... step in a globalized effort to incorporate accumulated knowledge of biology into a functional ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 IRC subculture refers to the particular set of social features common to interaction on the various Internet Relay Chat IRC systems across the world, and the Organizational culture culture associated with them. Overview Internet Relay Chat is an Internet based chat system that has existed in one form or another since 1988. Networks are connected groups of IRC servers which share a common userbase. Channels are the chat rooms on said networks. IRC channel operator s commonly referred to as chops ops are IRC operators, generally something a lot more powerful or chanops are the individuals who run any given channel. While there are many different IRC networks, and across those networks there are usually large numbers of IRC channels, there are some unifying features common to the social structures of them all. Many of the features of the IRC subculture mesh with other Internet subculture s, such as various forum subcultures. This is especially prevalent in IRC channels or networks that are directly related to other Internet phenomena, such as an IRC channel created by and for the users of a particular Internet forum . Communication on IRC IRC has much in common with a regular in person conversation. It is real time many on many communication that is not logged by the server for posterity many IRC clients do offer a logging feature, but the logs are generally then not publicly available . Some bots may also feature logging facilities. Users on IRC usually refer to a channel as a room only if the user migrates from another chat network where they re called rooms. Otherwise people refer to channels as channels like they should be users say something instead of posting it to reflect the similarity with face to face communication. Because IRC is a text ... from a channel is considered punishment. Variations While many aspects of IRC subculture are common ... DEFAULTSORT Internet Relay Chat Subculture Category Internet culture Category Internet Relay Chat Subculture ... more details
Definition of Cracker in the Jargon File ref The programmer subculture of hackers, in contrast ... of most professional groups. Citation needed date April 2011 Over time, the academic hacker subculture ... of academic hacker subculture has paralleled and partly been driven by the commoditization of computer ... hacker subculture is defined by shared work and play focused around central artifacts. Citation ... date April 2011 works of which the subculture considers itself primary custodian. Citation needed date April 2011 The academic hacker subculture has developed a rich Citation needed date April 2011 ... 2011 The academic hacker subculture has an annual ceremonial day April Fools Day April Fool s . Citation ... and literary works help shaped the academic hacker subculture Citation needed date April 2011 ..., 2010. DEFAULTSORT Hacker Programmer Subculture Category Hacking programmer subculture fr ... more details
subculture had varying degrees of influence on that culture. Art and philosophy A number of Philosophical ... Various writers, books, and literary movements were important to the formation of the punk subculture ... subcultures influenced various aspects of the punk subculture. The punk movement rejected the remnants ..., and leather jacket s common in punk fashion can be traced back to the Motorcycle bikers , Rocker subculture rockers and Greaser subculture greasers of earlier decades. The all black attire and moral laxity of some Beatnik s influenced the punk movement. Other subcultures that influenced the punk subculture, in terms of fashion, music attitude or other factors include Teddy Boy s, Mod subculture ... rock movement. The drug subculture of Manhattan, especially heroin users, formed the fetal stage ... of the earliest punk scenes. The original punk subculture was made up of a loose affiliation of several ... to form the original mainline punk subculture, which varied greatly from region to region. The phrase ... from mainstream society that enabled them to come together and form a punk subculture. ref Drogas .... In the UK, punk interacted with the Jamaican reggae and ska subculture s. The reggae influence is evident ... punk subculture emerged. This subculture proved fertile in much the same way as the original punk subculture, producing several new groups. These subcultures stand alongside the older subcultures .... Footnotes Reflist DEFAULTSORT History Of The Punk Subculture Category Punk Category Historical eras ... more details
semiprotected small yes Dablink This article is about the contemporary subculture. For the 1940s subculture see Hipster 1940s subculture Hipsters also referred to as scenesters ref cite web title Meet the global scenester He s hip. He s cool. He s everywhere author Tim Walker url http www.independent.co.uk life style fashion features meet the global scenester hes hip hes cool hes everywhere 894199.html publisher The Independent date 2008 08 14 accessdate 2008 09 08 ref are a subculture of young, recently settled urban middle class adults and older teenager s with musical interests mainly in alternative rock that appeared in the 1990s. Other interests in media would include independent film , magazines such as Vice magazine Vice and Clash magazine Clash , and websites like Pitchfork Media . ref name haddow cite web title Hipster The Dead End of Western Civilization author Douglas Haddow url http www.adbusters.org magazine 79 hipster.html publisher Adbusters date 2008 07 29 accessdate 2008 09 08 ref Hipster culture has been described as a mutating, trans Atlantic melting pot of styles, tastes and behavior s . ref name haddow Christian Lorentzen of Time Out New York argues that hipsterism commodity fetishism fetishizes the authentic elements of all of the fringe movements of the postwar era&mdash Beat Generation beat , hippie , Punk rock punk , even grunge , and draws on the cultural ..., 2010, DOI 10.1086 656389 ref History Origins in the 1940s See also Hipster 1940s subculture Hip slang ... language cant designed to set the group apart from outsiders. However, the subculture rapidly expanded ... described 1940s hipster 1940s subculture hipsters as rising and roaming America, bumming and hitchhiking ... the subculture s original menace has long been abandoned and has been replaced with the form of not quite ... subculture as if it were ready to wear. Citation needed date August 2011 Both groups, meanwhile ... Hipster Contemporary Subculture Category Subcultures Category Social groups Category Youth culture ... more details
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