for natural and surgically created body openings Stoma medicine Image Tomato leaf stomate 1 color.jpg 300px thumb Stoma in a tomato leaf shown via colorized scanning electron microscope image File HPIM0188 ligusterblad.jpg thumb 300px A stoma in cross section File LeafUndersideWithStomata.jpg thumb 300px right The underside of a leaf. In this species stomata appear green due to chlorophyl while the epidermal cells appear red due to additional pigmentation. In botany , a stoma also stomate plural stomata is a pore, found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gas exchange . The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as Guard cell guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the opening. The term stoma is also used collectively to refer to an entire stomatal complex, both the pore itself and its accompanying guard cells. ref name Esau cite book last Esau first K. year 1977 title Anatomy of Seed Plants publisher Wiley and Sons page 88 isbn 0471245208 ref Air containing carbon dioxide and oxygen enters the plant through these openings where it is used in photosynthesis and Cellular respiration respiration , respectively. Oxygen produced by photosynthesis in the leaf spongy layer cells parenchyma cells with pectin of the leaf interior exits ... only on the upper epidermis submerged leaves may lack stomata entirely. The word stoma derives ... water is severely limiting. Opening and closure details Guard cell Image Plant stoma guard cells.png thumb 300px Confocal microscopy image of an Arabidopsis thaliana stoma showing two guard cells exhibiting ... cell called a meristemoid that will eventually differentiate into the guard cells that surround a stoma ... plantedel de Stoma Botanik el es Estoma eo Stomo fa fr Stomate gl Estoma ko it Stoma he jv Stomata ht Estomat lt iotel nl Huidmondje ja no Spalte pning ... fi Ilmarako sv Klyv ppning tr Stoma uk zh ... more details
Stoma may refer to Stoma botany , a gas exchange pore in plants Stoma medicine , an opening which connects a portion of the body cavity to the outside environment disambig de Schlie zelle zh ... more details
A stoma Greek pl. stomata is an opening a direct translation of the Koine Greek would be mouth , either natural or surgery surgically created, which connects a portion of the body cavity to the outside environment. Surgical procedures in which stomata are created are ended in the suffix ostomy and begin with a prefix denoting the organ or area being operated on. In anatomy , a natural stoma is any opening in the body, such as the mouth. Any hollow organ can be manipulated into an artificial stoma as necessary. This includes the esophagus , stomach , duodenum , ileum , Colon anatomy colon , pleural cavity , ureters , urinary bladder , and kidney pelvis . One well known form of an artificial stoma is a colostomy , which is a surgically created opening in the large intestine that allows the removal of feces out of the body, bypassing the rectum , to drain into a pouch or other collection device. The historical practice of trepanation was also a type of stoma. Stoma Anatomy , a stoma refers to a mouthlike part. In particular it relates to a procedure involving the gastrointestinal tract GIT or gastrointestinal system GIS . The GIT begins at the mouth or oral cavity and continues until its termination, which is the anus. This surgery surgical procedure is invoked usually as a result of and solution to disease in the GIT. The procedure involves bisecting this tube, usually between the later stage of the small intestine ileum and the large intestine or Colon anatomy colon , hence colostomy ... as the stoma. For greatest success and to minimise negative effects, it is preferable to perform this procedure ... to occur before eliminating feces fecal matter from the body. The stoma is usually covered with a removable ... and lifestyles after surgery, often with no outward physical evidence of the stoma or its ... Diary of a Stoma patient. http www.ostomy.org http www.phoenixuoaa.org http www.wocn.org http www.yodaa.org ... hu Szt ma nl Stoma geneeskunde it Stomia ja pl Stomia pt Ostomia ru sv Stomi uk ... more details
in place of the stoma. Children undergoing surgery for extensive pelvic tumor s commonly are given a colostomy .... Options Placement of the stoma on the abdomen can occur at any location along the colon ... is usually used in emergencies and is a temporary and large Stoma medicine stoma . A loop of the bowel ... to the abdomen and two openings are created in the one stoma one for stool and the other for mucus. End colostomy A stoma is created from one end of the bowel. The other portion of the bowel is either ... ends are brought out onto the abdomen. Only the proximal stoma is functioning. Colostomy surgery that is pre ... cap over the stoma, and to schedule irrigation for times that are convenient. To irrigate, a catheter is placed inside the stoma, and flushed with water, which allows the feces to come out of the body ... colostomy pouches are well designed, odor proof, and allow stoma patients to continue normal activities ... more details
A urostomy is a stoma artificial opening for the urinary system. A urostomy is made to avail for urinary diversion in cases where drainage of urine through the bladder and urethra is not possible, e.g. after extensive surgery or in case of obstruction. ref http www.cancer.org Treatment TreatmentsandSideEffects PhysicalSideEffects Ostomies UrostomyGuide urostomy what is urostomy Urostomy from http www.cancer.org Cancer.org American Cancer Society .Last Medical Review 03 17 2011. Last Revised 03 17 2011 ref Techniques Techniques include Ileal conduit urinary diversion , in which the ureter s are surgically resected from the bladder and a ureteroenteric anastomosis is made in order to drain the urine into a detached section of ileum a part of the small intestine . The end of the ileum is then brought out through an opening a stoma medicine stoma in the abdominal wall . The urine is collected through a bag that attaches on the outside of the body over the stoma. Indiana pouch A continent urostomy is an artificial bladder formed out of a segment of small bowel. This is fashioned into a pouch, which can be emptied intermittently with a catheter. It avoids the need for a stoma bag on the urostomy. Indications Urostomy is most commonly performed after cystectomy , such as may be necessary in, for example, bladder cancer . Other indications include Severe Kidney Disease Accidental Damage or Injury to the urinary tract Surgical Complications because of non related pelvic or abdominal surgery Congential defects that cause urine to back up into the kidneys Continual and Severe Leakage from the bladder incontinence. References reflist External links https www.urostomyassociation.org.uk home.php UA is the UK s Premier Urostomy Association http www.thebowelmovement.info An information portal for all ostomates Category Urologic surgery Treatment stub de Urostoma ja pl Urostomia ... more details
Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Substomatal cavity in plants.jpg thumb right A scanning electron microscopy photograph depicting a section through the stomatal cavity located on the abaxial side of white clover leaf Trifolium repens . g guard cells, s subsidiary cell, m mesophyll cell, e epidermal cell. In plants, the substomatal cavity is the cavity located immediately proximal to the stoma . It acts as a diffusion chamber connected with intercellular air spaces and allows rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide and other gases such as plant pheromones in and out of plant cell s. References Graham LE, Graham JM, Wilcox LW 2006 Plant Biology Second Edition . Pearson Education, USA. ISBN 0 13 146906 1 See also stoma transpiration stream Category Plant cells Category Plant anatomy botany stub ... more details
orphan date July 2010 One source date July 2010 A Kock pouch is a continent pouch formed by the terminal ileum after colectomy . The pouch has a volume of 500ml to 1000ml so that feces can be stored temporary and the patient need not carry a Stoma stoma bag . This improves the patient s quality of life. A valve is constructed by intussusception of the terminal ileum, ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Kock pouch ref thereby containing the stored feces. Kock pouch ileostomy is indicated in the following conditions Patients who are unfit for ileal pouch anal anastomosis IPAA because the anus and anal sphincter will be removed during the operation Patients who develop severe incontinence after IPAA A Kock pouch need not be created during colectomy surgery. References Reflist See also Recto uterine pouch DEFAULTSORT Kock pouch Category Digestive system ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 27.5 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 Stomatoplasty is plastic surgery in the mouth . The name is derived from the ancient Greek word stoma mouth . Category Plastic surgery Category Oral surgery Surgery stub Procedures on the mouth and pharynx ... more details
Taxobox name Monhysterida regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Adenophorea ordo Monhysterida The Monhysterida are an Order biology order in the phylum Nematoda . Usually the stoma in Monhysterida is funnel shaped and lightly cuticularized, but it is sometimes spacious and heavily cuticularized and they always have protrusible teeth. They are either simply spiral or circular. External links http www.accessscience.com Encyclopedia 7 75 Est 757329 frameset.html nematode stub parasite stub Category Parasites Category Nematodes ... more details
orphan date February 2010 Taxobox name Microstomini regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Pleuronectiformes familia Pleuronectidae subfamilia Pleuronectinae tribus Microstomini Microstomini is a tribe of fish in the Pleuronectinae subfamily . Nomenclature The word Microstomini is derived from the Greek language Greek mikros , meaning small , and stoma , meaning mouth . Genera Dexistes Embassichthys Glyptocephalus Hypsopsetta Lepidopsetta Microstomus Pleuronichthys Tanakius Category Pleuronectidae Pleuronectiformes stub fr Microstomini ... more details
primarysources date April 2010 A stomagram Greek language Greek stoma mouth, gram drawing , is a typically side view pictogram representation of a human mouth , for the sake of diagramming its state during speech as particular sounds are made. Stomagrams may be cut away images or simple written character forms, representing the degree the mouth is opened, the position of the lips, and the placement or movement of the tongue . Category Oral communication linguistics stub ... more details
ATC codes lead V 07 All other non therapeutic products vet add anchor V07A V07A All other non therapeutic products anchor V07AA V07AA Adhesive bandage Plaster s anchor V07AB V07AB Solvent s and diluting agents, including irrigating solutions anchor V07AC V07AC Blood transfusion , auxiliary products anchor V07AD V07AD Blood test s, auxiliary products anchor V07AN V07AN Urinary incontinence Incontinence equipment anchor QV07AQ QV07AQ Other non therapeutic veterinary products anchor V07AR V07AR Sensitivity tests, discs and tablets anchor V07AS V07AS Stoma medicine Stoma equipment anchor V07AT V07AT Cosmetics anchor V07AV V07AV Technical disinfectant s anchor V07AX V07AX Washing agents etc. anchor V07AY V07AY Other non therapeutic auxiliary products anchor V07AZ V07AZ Chemicals and reagent s for analysis References Reflist Category ATC codes V07 ca Codi ATC V07 cs ATC k d V07 ko ATC V07 ro Cod ATC V07 sv ATC kod V07 Tekniska hj lpmedel th ATC V07 ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Cholecystostomy Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 51.02 , ICD9proc 51.03 MeshID D002767 OtherCodes A cholecystostomy is a procedure where a stoma medicine stoma is created in the gallbladder , which can facilitate placement of a tube for drainage. It is sometimes used in cases of cholecystitis where the patient is ill, and there is a need to delay or defer cholecystectomy . ref name pmid17131483 cite journal author Bakkaloglu H, Yanar H, Guloglu R, et al. title Ultrasound guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in high risk patients for surgical intervention journal World J. Gastroenterol. volume 12 issue 44 pages 7179 82 year 2006 month November pmid 17131483 doi url http www.wjgnet.com 1007 9327 12 7179.asp ref The procedure is often performed by interventional radiologist s or surgeons in the United States. See also Interventional Radiology References reflist Digestive system procedures Ectomy, stomy, and otomy Category Accessory digestive gland surgery medicine stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Fusicoccin.svg thumb Fusicoccin is an organic compound produced by a fungus . It has detrimental effect on plant s and causes their death . Fusicoccin is synthesized by the fungus Fusicoccum amygdali , which is a parasite of mainly almond and peach tree s. It stimulates a quick acidification of the plant cell wall this causes the stoma ta to irreversibly open, which brings about the death of the plant. Fusicoccin contains three fused carbon rings and another ring which contains an oxygen atom and five carbons. Fusicoccin was and is extensively used in research regarding the plant hormone auxin and its mechanisms. Category Plant physiology de Fusicoccin uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An ileal conduit urinary diversion is a surgical technique usually referred to as the Bricker ileal conduit after its inventor, Eugene M. Bricker. It is a form of urostomy , ref cite doi 10.2214 AJR.09.3197 ref and was developed during the 1940s and is still one of the most used techniques for the diversion of urine after a patient has had their bladder removed, due to its low complication rate and high patient satisfaction level. It is usually used in conjunction with radical cystectomy in order to control invasive bladder cancer. To create an ileal conduit, the ureter s are surgically resected from the bladder and a ureteroenteric anastomosis is made in order to drain the urine into a detached section of ileum a part of the small intestine . The end of the ileum is then brought out through an opening a stoma medicine stoma in the abdominal wall . The urine is collected through a bag that attaches on the outside of the body over the stoma. The bag must be periodically emptied of urine, and must be replaced every one or two days. Any period longer than this poses the risk of infection. Another and very effective use of an ileal conduit is for systemic isolation of a kidney transplant, often due to bladder nephropathy that may pose an unacceptable risk of reflux and thus infection or obstruction, into the transplanted organ. The urostomy is fashioned as previously described and connected ureteroenteric anastomosis to the transplant ureter. Urinary tract infections are unfortunately very common because stomas are natural colonisers of bacteria in transplant patients, antibiotic treatment, often over a long term and more frequent appliance changes are effective but not curative countermeasures. The bag adheres to the skin using a disk made of flexible, adherent materials. Unfortunately, there can be problems with leaking and rashes excoriation , and heavy physical exertion will exacerbate deterioration of the appliance. Som ... more details
Taxobox name Oncholaimida regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Adenophorea subclassis Enoplia superordo Marenoplica ordo Oncholaimida Oncholaimida is an order of nematodes made up of a single superfamily, Oncholaimoidea. They are mainly marine and brackish water forms. They supposedly have predaceous and carnivorous feeding habits. Their amphids are pocket like with oval apertures. The stoma is vase like with walls that are heavily cuticularized. The stomatal armature contains one dorsal tooth and two subventral teeth, while the wall may additionally contain rows of small denticles. The stoma is divided into a cheilostome and an esophastome. In some species the male stoma is indistinct or collapsed. The cephalic sensilla are in the typical two whorl pattern one circumoral and composed of six papilliform sensilla, while the second is a single whorl of ten setiform sensory organs which combines the ancestral two whorls of six and four. In some species the sensilla are all papilliform. The esophagus is generally conoid to cylindrical, and in some species in the posterior position is a series of muscular bulbs. The cuticle is generally smooth, and there are sensory setae or papillae scattered over the length of the body. ref Maggenti, Armand R 2003 . http www.accessscience.com Encyclopedia 4 46 Est 468850 frameset.html?doi Oncholaimida . McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology Online. Retrieved on July 22, 2006. ref ref Nickle, W R May 1, 1991 . Manual of Agricultural Nematology . Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0 8247 8397 2. p. 154. ref Notes div class references small references div Category Nematodes ... more details
The word peristome is derived from the Greek language Greek peri , meaning around or about , and stoma , mouth . It is a term used to describe various anatomical features that surround an opening to an organ or structure. The term is used in plant s and invertebrate animals, such as in describing the shells of gastropod mollusc s, i.e. snail s. In mosses Image Dicranella varia sporogon.jpeg right thumb 240px Arthrodontous capsule of the moss Dicranella varia In moss es, the peristome is a specialized structure in the sporangium that allows for gradual spore discharge, instead of releasing them all at once. Most mosses produce a capsule with a lid the operculum botany operculum which falls off when the spore s inside are mature and thus ready to be dispersed. The opening thus revealed is called the stoma meaning mouth and is surrounded by one or two peristomes. Each peristome is a ring of triangular teeth formed from the remnants of specially thickened cell wall s. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, separate from each other and able to both fold in to cover the stoma as well as fold back to open the stoma. This articulation of the teeth is termed arthrodontous and is found in the moss subclass Bryopsida . In other groups of mosses, the capsule is either nematodontous with an attached operculum as in the Polytrichopsida , or else splits open without operculum or teeth. There are two subtypes of arthrodontous peristome. ref Edwards, S. R. 1984. Homologies and inter relationships of moss peristomes , pages 658 695 in R. M. Schuster Ed. New Manual of Bryology . Japan The Hattori Botanical Laboratory . ISBN 4 938163 3045. ref The first is termed haplolepidous and consists of a single circle of 16 peristome teeth. The second type is the diplolepidous peristome fround in subclass Bryidae . In this type, there are two rings of peristome teeth an inner endostome short for endoperistome and an exostome . The endostome is a more delicate membrane, and its teeth ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image PIC 0007 gastrostomie.jpg ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 43.1 MeshID D005774 OtherCodes Gastrostomy refers to a surgical opening into the stomach. Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression. Typically this would include an incision in the patient s epigastrium as part of a formal operation. It can be performed through surgical approach, percutaneous approach by interventional radiology , or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy PEG . The opening may be used for feeding, such as with a feeding tube gastrostomy tube . See also Enteral feeding Stoma medicine External links http www.al hikmah.org gastrostomy permanent and temporary.asp Gastrostomy, Permanent and Temporary treatment stub Digestive system surgical procedures Ectomy, stomy, and otomy Category Enteral feeding de Gastrostoma es Gastrostom a fr Gastrostomie it Gastrostomia kk ja pl Gastrostomia pt Gastrostomia ru ... more details
Welcome is a Band music band from Seattle . Discography http fat cat.co.uk fatcat release.php?id 210 Sirs Fat Cat Records http www.updirect.com store merchant.mvc?Screen PROD&Store Code 02000&Product Code RXR001016CD&Category Code dis 1 Sun as Night Light RX Remedy Six Songs on a CD RX Remedy Stoma 7 RX Remedy Split 7 with Mars Accelerator External links http www.myspace.com yrwelcome Welcome on Myspace http fat cat.co.uk fatcat artistInfo.php?id 113 Welcome on http fat cat.co.uk Fat Cat Records site US rock band stub DEFAULTSORT Welcome Category Musical groups from Washington state ... more details
BLP sources date April 2011 orphan date November 2007 Errikos Litsis is a Greeks Greek actor . ref cite news url http archive.ekathimerini.com 4dcgi w articles civ 1 05 02 2007 79743 title Errikos Litsis The face of the modern Greek man, or just a very gifted actor? last Katsounaki first Maria date 5 February 2007 work Kathimerini accessdate 23 April 2011 ref Errikos is best known for his performance as Dimitris in the 2003 cult movie Spirtokouto and as Takis in the 2005 movie Psychi sto stoma. References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Litsis ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Litsis Category Greek actors Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Greece actor stub ... more details
Taxobox name Microstomus image Microstomus kitt 1.jpg image caption Microstomus kitt image width 240px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Pleuronectiformes familia Pleuronectidae genus Microstomus Microstomus is a genus of fish in the Pleuronectidae family. Nomenclature The word Microstomus is derived from the Greek language Greek mikros , meaning small , and stoma , meaning mouth . Species Slime flounder , Microstomus achne small David Starr Jordan Jordan & Starks, 1904 small . Lemon sole , Microstomus kitt small Johann Julius Walbaum Walbaum , 1792 small Dover sole, Microstomus pacificus small Lockington, 1879 small . Microstomus shuntovi small Borets, 1983 small . Category Pleuronectidae Pleuronectiformes stub es Microstomus fr Microstomus hu Microstomus nl Microstomus ... more details
Image Art0078.jpg right 450 px Hydathode A hydathode is a type of secretion secretory Biological tissue tissue in Leaf leaves , usually of Angiosperm s, that secretes water through pore s in the Epidermis botany epidermis or margin of leaves, typically at the tip of a marginal tooth or serration. They probably evolved from modified stomata . It is involved in guttation , where water is released from the top in order to transport the nutrients in the water from the root s to the leaves. Hydathodes are connected to the plant vascular system by a vascular bundle. Since the liquid being extruded is from the xylem it also contains salts, sugars, and organic compounds dissolved in water and this is sometimes seen to crystallize on evaporation, forming a white powdery substance on the leafs edge. This crystallisation is very obvious in halophyte s, plants adapted to live in high salt environments, and consequently the hydathodes are known as salt glands in those species. Hydathodes are special structures through which exudation of water takes place in liquid form.They are mainly found in aquatic plants and in some herbaceous plants growing in moist places. They occur at the apices of the veins at the tips of the leaves or on their margins. Hydathodes are made of a group of living cells with numerous intercellular spaces filled with water, but few or no chloroplasts. They represents modified bundle ends. These cells called EPITHEM cells open out into one or more sub epidermal chambers. These, in turn, ommunicate with the exterior through an open water stomata or open pore . The water stoma structurally resembles an ordinary stoma, but is usually larger and has lost the power of movement. Hydathodes are commonly seen in water lettuce , water hyacinth, rose, balsam, and many other species. See also Transpiration Xylem Vascular plants External links http www.sbs.utexas.edu mauseth weblab webchap9secretory 9.3 10.htm hydathode physiology Category Plant anatomy botany stub cs H ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Urinary diversion Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 56.71 MeshID D014547 OtherCodes Urinary diversion is any one of several surgical procedure s to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway. It may be necessary for diseased or defective ureter s, urinary bladder bladder or urethra , either temporarily or permanently. Some diversions result in a Stoma medicine stoma . Types Nephrostomy from the renal pelvis Urostomy from more distal origins along the urinary tract, with subtypes including Ileal conduit urinary diversion Bricker conduit Indiana pouch Neobladder to urethra diversion Ureteroenteric anastomosis A common feature of the three first, and most common, types of urinary diversion is the ureteroenteric anastomosis. This is the joining site of the ureters and the section of intestine used for the diversion. The ureteroenteric anastomosis can be created in a number of different ways. There is the option of a refluxing or a non refluxing type, and the two ureters can be joined into the intestinal segment either together or separately. The non refluxing type has been associated with higher incidence of ureteroenteric anastomosis stricture, and there is doubt whether it has any advantages over the refluxing type. Therefore, many surgeons prefer the refluxing type which is simpler and apparently carries a lesser degree of complications. Refluxing techniques include the Wallace and Wallace II and the Bricker end to side anastomosis . Non refluxing techniques includes the Le Duc technique. Complications Complications include incisional hernia , neobladder intestinal and neobladder cutaneous fistula s, ureteroenteric anastomosis stricture , neobladder rupture and mucous formation. See also Surgical anastomosis References cite journal author Hautmann R title Urinary diversion ileal conduit to neobladder journal J Urol volume 169 issue 3 pages 834 42 year 2003 pmid 12576795 doi 10.1097 01.ju.0000029010.97686.eb Macaluso JN Jr. External urinary diversion ... more details
back toward the stoma. A urostomy bag connects to a night bag that may be attached to the bed at night ... is sealed off and the other end is brought to the surface of the abdomen to form the stoma. It is the most ... is brought to the surface of the abdominal wall to create a stoma. Percutaneous nephrostomy . A nephrostomy ... more details
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