Geobox Range name SpectrumRange image SpectrumRange satellite.jpg image caption Satellite photo of the SpectrumRange country Canada region type Provinces and territories of Canada Province region British ... map map caption The SpectrumRange , formerly called the Spectrum Mountains and the Rainbow Mountains , is a mountain range subrange of the Tahltan Highland in the Stikine Country of northwestern British ... Lake Plateau . The SpectrumRange falls within Mount Edziza Provincial Park and Recreation Area Mount Edziza Provincial Park . The range is lightly glaciated, as compared to the other ranges to the west. Geology Like the Rainbow Range Coast Mountains Rainbow and Itcha Range Itcha Ilgachuz Range s at the western end of the Chilcotin Plateau farther south, the range s name derives from the brilliant colours that are symptomatic from heavy mineralization comprising the material forming the range. The SpectrumRange is one of four large stratovolcano es that make the Mount Edziza volcanic complex . A predominantly lava dome overlies a basal shield volcano . The range is Pliocene in age ... Columbia no subdivisions label SpectrumRange mark RedMountain.svg marksize 18 lat deg 57 lat min 26 lat dir N lon deg 130 lon min 41 lon dir W position left float right caption Location of the SpectrumRange The volcanoes that make up the SpectrumRange include Nahta Cone The Ash Pit Mess Lake Outcast Hill Thaw Hill Source Hill Tadekho Hill Wetalth Ridge Exile Hill Spectrum Dome Little Iskut Yeda ... volcanoes List of mountain ranges Volcanism of Canada Volcanism of Western Canada Rainbow Range Chilcotin Plateau aka Rainbow Mountains References cite gvp vnum 1200 07 name SpectrumRange External links http www.bivouac.com ArxPg.asp?ArxId 1265 Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia BCGNIS 16447 SpectrumRange gallery Image SpectrumRange colours.JPG SpectrumRange colours from heavy mineralization br File Nahta cone from east june 2006 SpectrumRange .JPG Nahta Cone of the SpectrumRange br gallery Northern ... more details
thumb right 350px The spectrum of a uniform light source rendered into the sRGB color space. In the 17th century the word spectrum was introduced into optics , referring to the range of color s observed ...dablink This article deals with the general meaning of spectrum and the history of its use. For other meanings and specific uses, see Spectrum disambiguation . Image Rainbow above Kaviskis Lake, Lithuania.jpg thumb right 180px The spectrum in a rainbow A spectrum plural spectra or spectrums ref http dictionary.reference.com browse spectrum Dictionary.com . The American Heritage Dictionary of the English ... been applied by analogy to many fields other than optics. Thus, one might talk about the spectrum of political spectrum political opinion , or the spectrum of activity of a drug, or the autism spectrum . In these uses, values within a spectrum may not be associated with precisely quantifiable numbers or definitions. Such uses imply a broad range of conditions or behaviors grouped together and studied under a single title for ease of discussion. In most modern usages of spectrum there is a unifying ... did evolve from a unifying theme, but this may be difficult to recognize. Origins In Latin spectrum ... at Salem, Massachusetts in the late 17th century. The word spectrum Spektrum was strictly used ... 350 px Mass spectrum of a peptide showing the isotopic distribution The term spectrum was expanded ... such as energy in electron spectroscopy or mass to charge ratio in mass spectrometry . Spectrum is also ... also commonscat Spectrum Physical science Electromagnetic spectrum Visible spectrum or optical spectrum, a subset of the electromagnetic spectrum Emission spectrum observed in light Absorption spectrum observed in light Energy spectrum of a collection of particles particle physics Frequency spectrum of a signal Mass spectrum chemical analysis of atoms and molecules Power spectrum of a signal Spectrogram ... spectrum Political spectrum of opinion Spectrum disorder , in psychiatry Mathematics Spectrum homotopy ... more details
The Spectrum may refer to The Spectrum at Northlands Park The Spectrum Sirius XM , a channel on Sirius XM Radio The Spectrum USLS The Spectrum USLS , the student newspaper of the University of St. La Salle NDSU Spectrum NDSU Spectrum , the student newspaper of North Dakota State University The Spectrum , the student newspaper at Blake School Minneapolis, Minnesota The Blake School Spectrum arena , a closed sports venue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Spectrum Utah The Spectrum , a newspaper in St. George, Utah See also Spectrum disambiguation disambig ... more details
style float right wiktionary TOC right Range may refer to Mathematics, science, and technology In mathematics Range mathematics , the set of all output values produced by a function Interval mathematics , also called a range , a set of real numbers that includes all numbers between any two numbers in the set Range statistics , the difference between the highest and the lowest values in a set In science Mountain range , a group of mountains bordered by lowlands Range particle radiation , the distance a charged particle travels before stopping Range biology , the geographical area where a species can be found Range music , the set of notes a musical instrument can play, or that are used in a piece of music Vocal range , the breadth of pitch that a human voice can produce In technology Range computer science , the set of allowed values for a variable Range aircraft , the distance an aircraft can fly Range of a projectile , the potential distance a projectile can be hurled by a firearm or cannon Slant range , distance between two objects on different levels Places United States Range, Ohio , an unincorporated community Range, Wisconsin , an unincorporated community Other uses Shooting range , a controlled environment where weapons are fired at targets Rangeland , in ranching Driving range , an area where golfers can practice their swing Rosslyn Range , an American long jumper Kitchen stove , or range, an appliance used for cooking food Range, a pair of navigational beacons whose line indicates a channel. If lighted they are called Leading lights in Britain or range lights in the USA A term used to identify a survey township See also The Range disambiguation disambig de Reichweite ja pl Zasi g fi Kantama sv R ckvidd ... more details
Other uses Image University of Virginia Poe room 1915.jpg thumb right 275px Edgar Allan Poe room on the West Range, 1915 The Range is part of the original grounds of the University of Virginia as designed by Thomas Jefferson in Charlottesville, Virginia , USA. The Range buildings run parallel to and face away from the Lawn , and are separated from the Lawn by a series of ten gardens five per side . There are six hotels on the Range, three on each side. Originally used as dining facilities, the hotels today fill a variety of purposes, including administrative office space, home of The Virginia Quarterly Review , home to the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society , and a reception hall. The Range rooms serve as graduate student housing. They are furnished identically to undergraduate Lawn rooms. Previous well known Range residents include Edgar Allan Poe 13 West Range and Woodrow Wilson 31 West Range . During his residence in 13 West Range, Poe allegedly etched his initials into a pane of window glass a pane that has since been shattered. Visitors to the West Range can peer inside Poe s room, which is furnished in the style of his era and maintained by the Raven Society , and listen to a brief recording that describes Poe s time at the University. A glass doorway preserves the historic quality of the room. Thirteen West Range is open to the public once each year during Historic Garden Week . The Pi Kappa Alpha fraternities and sororities Fraternity was founded in 47 West Range on March 1, 1868. External links http www.student.virginia.edu range The Range Community s website University of Virginia This room in endowed to the Kappa Sigma and Pi Kappa Alpha fraternities on a rotating yearly basis. coord missing Virginia DEFAULTSORT Range, The Category University of Virginia Category Buildings and structures in Charlottesville, Virginia Virginia university stub ... more details
Chevy Spectrum , a North American car also sold as the Geo SpectrumSpectrumRange , a mountain range in British Columbia, Canada Gaylactic Spectrum Awards or Spectrums, a literary award Het ...wiktionary spectrum tocright A spectrum is a condition or value that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary infinitely within a continuum. Spectrum may also refer to Physical science Electromagnetic spectrum Visible spectrum or optical spectrum, a subset of the electromagnetic spectrum Emission spectrum observed in light Absorption spectrum observed in light Spectral class of stars ... distribution of an illuminant Energy spectrum of a collection of particles particle physics Frequency spectrum of a signal Power spectrum of a signal Harmonic series music spectrum of sound energy ... spectrum , disparities between social classes Political spectrum of opinion Spectrum disorder , in psychiatry Mathematics Spectrum of a matrix , in linear algebra Spectrum functional analysis , a generalization of the concept of matrix eigenvalues to operators Spectrum homotopy theory Spectrum of a graph, studied in spectral graph theory Spectrum of a ring , in commutative algebra Spectrum of a C algebra Spectrum of a theory , in mathematical logic Stone space of boolean algebra Media IEEE Spectrum , a magazine Spectrum magazine Spectrum magazine , an independent Seventh day Adventist magazine Spectrum TV channel , a defunct Chicago area pay television broadcaster founded by United Cable Spectrum newspaper Spectrum newspaper , a defunct Toledo, Ohio weekly newspaper Spectrum 1958 TV series Spectrum 1958 TV series , a Canadian television series Spectrum Russian novel Spectrum Russian novel , a novel by Russian author Sergey Lukyanenko Spectrum liftout in The Sydney Morning Herald The Spectrum , the local daily newspaper in St. George, Utah Student newspapers The Spectrum USLS The Spectrum USLS , the student newspaper of the University of St. La Salle in the Philippines NDSU Spectrum ... more details
IDT Spectrum , a subsidiary of IDT Corp. IDT Corporation , holds and leases fixed wireless spectrum. History IDT Spectrum, Inc. and IDT Spectrum, LLC, are subsidiaries of IDT Corporation NYSE IDT , an international ... Winstar Holdings, LLC, acquired FCC spectrum licenses and other assets from the bankruptcy estate of Winstar Communications, Inc. Winstar Holdings formed a subsidiary company, Winstar Spectrum, LLC, to hold its spectrum licenses and then caused the spectrum licenses to be assigned to it. As part of an internal corporate reorganization, in December 2004, Winstar Holdings formed IDT Spectrum, LLC, and caused Winstar Spectrum, LLC to transfer and assign to IDT Spectrum, LLC all of its FCC licenses ... Holdings formed IDT Spectrum and contributed to IDT Spectrum all of its interests in IDT Spectrum ...&tabIndex 2&coname IDT SPECTRUM 2C INC.&fnid 46162&ipo 1 Current Holdings IDT Spectrum, LLC s primary holdings include 633 spectrum licenses in the 39 GHz range, as well as an additional 16 LMDS licenses in the 28 GHz band, making it the largest single holder of 39 GHz licensed auction spectrum ... license band spectrum is primarily licensed in Economic Areas, or EAs. EAs are delineated by the Regional ..., plus the surrounding counties that are economically related to these areas. On average, IDT Spectrum holds more than 500 MHz of spectrum in the top 200 U.S. markets Economic Areas by population and approximately 940 MHz of spectrum in the top 50 U.S. markets. IDT Spectrum s 39 GHz holdings are contiguous ...&cikid 683957&tabIndex 2&coname IDT SPECTRUM 2C INC.&fnid 46162&ipo 1 In October of 2010, IDT Spectrum ... UlsApp UlsSearch results.jsp. The majority of IDT Spectrum s 28 GHz LMDS licenses expire in October of 2018. Use of Licenses Among other business activities, IDT Spectrum leases the spectrum to customers ... by IDT Spectrum are suited for high bandwidth point to point applications, including the needs of wireless ... of IDT Spectrum is Michael Rapaport. http content.usatoday.com topics article Michael Rapaport ... more details
range is closed and its kernel or its cokernel is finite dimensional . The essential spectrum sub ess,2 sub T is the set of all such that the range of I &minus T is not closed or the kernel of I &minus T is infinite dimensional. The essential spectrum sub ess,3 sub T is the set of all ...In mathematics , the essential spectrum of a bounded operator is a certain subset of its spectrum functional analysis spectrum , defined by a condition of the type that says, roughly speaking, fails badly to be invertible . The essential spectrum of self adjoint operators In formal terms, let X be a Hilbert ... . Definition The essential spectrum of T , usually denoted sub ess sub T , is the set of all complex ... if its Range mathematics range is closed and its kernel algebra kernel and cokernel are finite ... The essential spectrum is always closed set closed , and it is a subset of the spectrum functional analysis spectrum . Since T is self adjoint, the spectrum is contained on the real axis. The essential spectrum is invariant under compact perturbations. That is, if K is a Compact operator on Hilbert .... This explains why it is called the essential spectrum Hermann Weyl Weyl 1910 originally defined the essential spectrum of a certain differential operator to be the spectrum independent of boundary conditions. Weyl s criterion for the essential spectrum is as follows. First, a number is in the spectrum ... spectrum if there is a sequence satisfying this condition, but such that it contains no convergent ... such a sequence is called a singular sequence . The discrete spectrum The essential spectrum is a subset of the spectrum , and its complement is called the discrete spectrum , so math sigma mathrm discr T sigma T setminus sigma mathrm ess T . math A number is in the discrete spectrum if it is an isolated ... imply that and are equal. The essential spectrum of general bounded operators In the general case ... spectrum in the literature, which are not equivalent. The essential spectrum sub ess,1 sub ... more details
no footnotes date December 2011 unreferenced date December 2011 The Spectrum functional analysis spectrum of a linear operator is commonly divided into three parts point spectrum, continuous spectrum, and residual spectrum. If math H math is a topological vector space and math A H to H math is a linear map, the spectrum of math A math is the set of complex numbers math lambda math such that math A lambda I H to H math is em not em invertible. We divide the spectrum depending on why this is not invertible. If math A lambda I math is not injective , we say that math lambda math is in the point spectrum of math A math . Elements of the point spectrum are called eigenvalues of math A math and non ... v in H math such that math A v lambda v math . If math A lambda I math does not have closed range, but the range is dense in math H math , we say that math lambda math is in the continuous spectrum of math A math . The union of the point spectrum and the continuous spectrum is known as the set of generalized ... v n to 0 math . Finally, if math A lambda I math does not have closed range, and its range is not dense in math H math , we say that math lambda math is in the residual spectrum of math A math . Quantum mechanical interpretations The position operator usually has a continuous spectrum, much like the momentum ... s, tend to have a discrete quantized spectrum that is where the name quantum mechanics comes from ... requires the computation of the non quantized or continuous spectrum density of states of the Hamiltonian ... systems in which the Hamiltonian has a discrete spectrum. In the case of the hydrogen atom, it has both continuous as well as discrete part of the spectrum the continuous part represents the ionized ... line spectra Emission spectrum Absorption spectrum Mathematically rigorous point of view Decomposition of spectrum functional analysis References reflist Category Scattering theory he nl Continu spectrum pt Espectro cont nuo ... more details
Spectrum Dome is a lava dome in the SpectrumRange of northwestern British Columbia , Canada . It last erupted during the Pliocene epoch. ref http cgc.rncan.gc.ca volcanoes cat volcano e.php?id svb tmc 047 Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes Spectrum Dome ref See also Portal Volcanism of Canada List of volcanoes in Canada List of Northern Cordilleran volcanoes Volcanism of Canada Volcanism of Western Canada References reflist coord missing British Columbia Northern Cordilleran volcanoes Interior Mountains Category Volcanoes of British Columbia Category Pliocene volcanoes Category Lava domes Category Tahltan Highland BritishColumbiaInterior geo stub ... more details
USA products Furniture homepage http www.spectrumfurniture.com Spectrum Industries is a small .... Environmental Responsibility Image Spectrum Evergreen Award.jpg thumb 300px United States General Services Evergreeen Award The United States General Services Administration presented Spectrum ... of grinding post manufacturing waste. Image Spectrum Sign.jpg thumb Spectrum Industries Company ... Association to the United States Armed Forces . Cygnet changed its name to Spectrum Industries, Inc., in June 1969. The film business introduced Spectrum to the education market and also to Hubbard Scientific Company. Spectrum acquired Hubbard Scientific in July 1975. In the late 1980s the Manufacturing ... to Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin . In June 1991, Hubbard Scientific was sold. In 1991, Spectrum designed ... size grew by convert 100000 sqft m2 , employment increased and the company s product range expanded. Spectrum expanded its Chippewa Falls facilities in December 2005. A convert 125000 sqft m2 adj on building ... product lines. Throughout the past 42 years of operation, Spectrum Industries has been presented several awards. The United States General Services Administration presented Spectrum the Evergreen Award ... The State of Wisconsin presented Spectrum with the Wisconsin Governors Award as Federal Contractor ... States. ref http www.cabinetmakerfdm.com ViewCompany.aspx?id 6640&terms Spectrum Industries ref ... ref Spectrum and the Community Spectrum sponsors exhibitions and other activities related to technology, education and community development. Spectrum Industries sponsored a team of three Chippewa ... www.chippewa.com business article a3bac4e2 4cdb 5aae 90df f96553e9e17f.html ref Spectrum Industries ... more details
States radio spectrum frequency allocations chart as of 2003 Spectrum management is the process of regulating ... benefit. ref name CDW07 Martin Cave, Chris Doyle, William Webb, Modern Spectrum Management , Cambridge University Press, 2007 ISBN 0 521 87669 8 ref The term radio spectrum typically refers to the full frequency range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz that may be used for wireless communication. Increasing ... of spectrum management. Demand for wireless broadband has soared due to technological innovation ... the 1930s, spectrum was assigned through administrative licensing. Limited by technology, signal interference was once considered as a major problem of spectrum use. Therefore, exclusive licensing ... of similar services is giving way, in many countries, to a spectrum auction model that is intended to speed technological innovation and improve the efficiency of spectrum use. During the experimental process of spectrum assignment, other approaches have also been carried out, namely, lotteries , unlicensed access and privatization of spectrum. Governments and spectrum management Most countries consider RF spectrum as an exclusive property of the state. The RF spectrum is a national resource ... of spectrum management is to mitigate radio spectrum pollution and maximize the benefit of usable radio spectrum. The first sentence of the International Telecommunication Union ITU constitution ... spectrum management requires regulation at national, regional and global levels. Goals of spectrum management include rationalize and optimize the use of the RF spectrum avoid and solve interference design short and long range frequency allocations advance the introduction of new wireless technologies coordinate wireless communications with neighbours and other administrations. Radio spectrum items ... toward regional commissions such as CEPT in Europe, CITEL in America and toward ITU . RF spectrum ... versus market based spectrum management are found at the 2008 PhD thesis http eprints.mdx.ac.uk 133 ... more details
wikify date December 2011 Spectrum Planning is the name used to describe the engineering work that goes into the planning of the radio frequency spectrum. Planning ensures that systems can operate in the same ... spectrum management The ACMA is responsible for managing the radiofrequency spectrum in accordance ... guidance to the ACMA in the execution of its spectrum management responsibilities. While not providing ... of Australia s spectrum management environment. The object of the Act is to provide for management of the radiofrequency spectrum in order to maximise, by ensuring the efficient allocation and use of the spectrum, the overall public benefit derived from using the radiofrequency spectrum make adequate provision of the spectrum for use by agencies involved in the defence or national security ... or community services provide a responsive and flexible approach to meeting the needs of users of the spectrum encourage the use of efficient radiocommunication technologies so that a wide range of services ... of charging for the use of spectrum, taking account of the value of both commercial and non commercial use of spectrum support the communications policy objectives of the Commonwealth Government provide ... agreements, treaties and conventions relating to radiocommunications or the radiofrequency spectrum ... its approach to managing the spectrum. Principles for Spectrum Management The principles are intended to guide the ACMA s management of the radiofrequency spectrum within its existing legislative ... the overall public benefit from use of the radiofrequency spectrum requires balanced application of both ... at all stages of the regulatory cycle is an integral element of the spectrum management process. The ACMA ... of different regulatory and market mechanisms for specific spectrum management issues, where ... s spectrum management principles The ACMA s spectrum management principles are consistent with the principles ... standard approach to spectrum regulation. The ACMA s decision making framework, including the principles ... more details
spectrum analyzers limited in frequency range. Image Aaronia Spectrum Analyzer Software.jpg thumb ...Image FSL.jpg right 400px thumb A spectrum analyzer Image SpectrumAnalyzerDisplay.png right 400px thumb Spectrum analyzer display A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal a spectrum analyzer measures is electricity electrical , however, Frequency spectrum spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustics ... transducer . By analyzing the Frequency spectrum spectra of electricity electrical signals ... bandwidth , and other Frequency spectrum spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily ... of electronic devices, such as Wireless wireless transmitters . The display of a spectrum analyzer ... observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer. Types Spectrum analyzer types are dictated by the methods used to obtain the spectrum of a signal. There are swept tuned and Fast Fourier Transform FFT based spectrum analyzers A swept tuned spectrum analyzer uses a superheterodyne receiver to Superheterodyne ... spectrum using a voltage controlled oscillator and a Frequency mixer mixer to the center frequency ... through a range of frequencies, enabling the consideration of the full frequency range of the instrument. A Fast Fourier Transform FFT spectrum analyzer computes the discrete Fourier transform DFT , a mathematical process that transforms a waveform into the components of its frequency spectrum , of the input signal. Some spectrum analyzers, such as real time spectrum analyzers, use a hybrid technique ... fourier transformation FFT techniques. Form Factor Spectrum analyzers tend to fall into three form ... the spectrum analyzer can be plugged into AC power, which generally means in a lab environment or production ... more details
frequency range, called a channel . When many broadcasters are present, the radio spectrum ...The frequency spectrum of a time domain Signal electronics signal is a representation of that signal in the frequency domain . The frequency spectrum can be generated via a Fourier transform of the signal ... 0 07 249350 X page 761 quote The frequency spectrum of a signal consists of the plots of the amplitudes ... that varies with time has a corresponding frequency spectrum. This includes familiar concepts ... spectrum, certain physical descriptions of their internal processes become much simpler. Often, the frequency spectrum clearly shows harmonics , visible as distinct spikes or lines, that provide insight ... plotted against the frequency showing the amount of each color is the frequency spectrum ... is white, and the spectrum is a flat line. Therefore, flat line spectrums in general are often referred to as white , whether they represent light or something else. Sound Audio spectrum redirects ... tone musical tone s timbre is characterized by its harmonic Harmonic spectrumspectrum . Sound ... contains a mixture of all audible frequencies, distributed equally over the audio spectrum, it is called ... work yourdictionary.com ref Radio In radio and telecommunications, the frequency spectrum can ... across a wide frequency spectrum. Any particular radio receiver will detect a single function of amplitude ... a graph of the strength of each channel vs. the frequency of the tuner, it would be the frequency spectrum of the antenna signal. Spectrum analysis This section is linked from Discrete Fourier transform Image Voice waveform and spectrum.png thumb Example of voice waveform and its frequency spectrum ... bottom . The fundamental frequency component is at 220 Hz A2 . Spectrum analysis is the technical ... spectrum analysis . Spectrum analysis can be performed on the entire signal. Alternatively, a signal can be broken into short segments sometimes called frames , and spectrum analysis may be applied ... more details
Infobox musical artist name Vocal spectrum image caption Vocal Spectrum background group or band origin Formed 2003 years active 2003&ndash present label website http www.vocalspectrum.com Official site current members Tim Waurick Tenor br Eric Dalbey Melody Lead br Jonny Moroni Baritone br Chris Hallam Basso Bass Vocal Spectrum is a barbershop quartet from Saint Charles, Missouri St. Charles , Missouri . In 2004, Vocal Spectrum won the Barbershop Harmony Society s International Collegiate Quartet Contest, and on July 8, 2006, they became List of quartet champions by year International Champions , winning the society s International Quartet Contest. A distinctive factor of the quartet is the tenor s incredibly high note range, featured in many of the group s recordings and live shows. The quartet s run for the title is featured in the 2009 feature documentary American Harmony . ref Joe Leydon http www.variety.com review VE1117940873.html?categoryid 31&cs 1 American Harmony Documentary Variety August 20, 2009 ref Background Vocal Spectrum began singing together in September 2003. Each member has graduated from Lindenwood University in St. Charles. Each member is also a member of Ambassadors of Harmony , the List of chorus champions by year International Chorus Champion of 2004 and 2009. As of the 2006 International Quartet Contest, Vocal Spectrum is the only quartet in history to capture three of the then four now five possible BHS gold medals Collegiate Quartet, Quartet, Chorus as members of the Ambassadors of Harmony . The only championship that remains for Vocal Spectrum to win is the Barbershop Harmony Society s Senior quartet contest for which they will not become eligible ... s Vocal Spectrum II recording was awarded Best Barbershop Album by the Contemporary A Cappella Society ... 2009 04 16 ref Discography 2006 Vocal Spectrum 2008 Vocal Spectrum II 2011 Vocal Spectrum ... by year References Reflist External links http www.vocalspectrum.com Vocal Spectrum http aoh.org ... more details
A spectrum as it applies to mental disorder is a range of linked conditions, sometimes also including individual symptoms and traits. The different elements of a spectrum either have a similar appearance or are thought to be caused by the same underlying mechanism. In either case, a spectrum approach ... . The spectrum may represent a range of severity, comprising relatively severe mental disorders ... HS title Spectrum concepts in major mental disorders journal The Psychiatric Clinics of North ... 02 00034 5 ref In some cases, a spectrum approach joins together conditions that were previously considered separately. A notable example of this trend is the autism spectrum , where conditions on this spectrum may now all be referred to as autism spectrum disorders. In other cases, what was treated as a single disorder comes to be seen or seen once again as comprising a range of types, a notable example being the bipolar spectrum . A spectrum approach may also expand the type or the severity ... problems which are simply challenges people face in life. Origin File Spectrum sRGB.svg thumb right The visible color spectrum The term spectrum was originally used in physics to indicate an apparent ... to wavelength . Newton first used the word spectrum Latin for appearance or apparition in print ... Maser It has been noted that for clinicians trained after the publication of DSM III 1980 , the spectrum ... as by Eugen Bleuler in 1922. The term spectrum was first used in psychiatry in 1968 in regard to a postulated schizophrenia spectrum, at that time meaning a linking together of what where then called ... spectrum journal The British Journal of Psychiatry volume 190 pages 189 91 year 2007 month March pmid ... disease causing link has been of a different nature. ref name Maser Related concepts A spectrum ... Bezdjian journal World Psychiatry year 2009 month February volume 8 issue 1 pages 3 6. ref A spectrum ... join together several disorders , and then include an additional broad range of issues such as temperaments ... more details
A spectrum auction is a process whereby a government uses an auction system to sell the rights licences to transmit signals over specific bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and to assign scarce spectrum resources. Depending on the specific auction format used, a spectrum auction can last from a single ... revenue in the process. ref cite journal title Spectrum Auctions url http www.cramton.umd.edu papers2000 2004 01hte spectrum auctions.pdf last Cramton first Peter journal Handbook of Telecommunications Economics date 2001 02 pages 605 649 chapter 14 ref Spectrum auctions are a step toward market based spectrum management, and are a way for governments to allocate scarce resources. Alternatives ... has turned into a highly competitive industry where companies are competing to buy valuable spectrum .... ref cite book title Spectrum Auctions and Competition in Telecommunications year 2003 publisher ... provide access to a wide range of telecommunication services including advanced mobile ... systems support low to high mobility applications and a wide range of data rates in accordance with user ... quality multimedia applications within a wide range of services and platforms, providing a significant ... 2011 ref With more providers in the mobile industry, the competition during spectrum auctions has increased ... ref the valuable 700 MHz spectrum became available because it was no longer being used by analog ... nytimes cite news last Stone first Brad title Google to Join Spectrum Auction url http www.nytimes.com ... to bid for the C block of the spectrum auction which correspond to channels 54,55,and 59 of the lower 700 MHz spectrum and channels 60,61,65,and 66 of the upper spectrum 700 MHz which are normally ..., AT&T and Verizon also announced plans to enter the spectrum auction in order to purchase C block spectrum ... of licenses for electromagnetic spectrum. The FCC has been conducting competitive auctions since ... 87 spectrum auctions, which raised over 60 billion for the U.S. Treasury not all of which has been ... more details
Research Ltd Amstrad acquisition purchase of the Spectrumrange and Sinclair brand in 1986. The machine ... Amstrad s range in 1987. Although the case reads ZX Spectrum 2 , the 2A B is easily distinguishable ... An issue 2 1982 ZX Spectrum include if image is not a logo developer manufacturer carrier family ... The ZX Spectrum the Z is pronounced Zed from its original British English branding is an 8 bit ... last Dickinson first Rick authorlink Rick Dickinson work Sinclair Spectrum development ref ref cite ... accessdate 2007 07 24 last Dickinson first Rick authorlink Rick Dickinson work Sinclair Spectrum development ref the machine was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine s colour ... accessdate 2006 04 19 title SINCLAIR ZX SPECTRUM the good, old speccy ref The Spectrum was ultimately ... released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum 3 with 128 kB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 together ... Jan 2000 ref The Spectrum was among the first mainstream audience home computers in the UK, similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the USA. The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom ... accessdate 2008 09 14 title ZX Spectrum 16K 48K ref the effects of which are still seen ref name bbc6572711 Cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi technology 6572711.stm title How the Spectrum began a revolution ... 2007 04 23 spectrum zx 25 title Sinclair ZX Spectrum 25 today work Register Hardware accessdate 2008 ... 2008 09 14 title ZX Spectrum ref The Commodore 64 , BBC Microcomputer and later the Amstrad CPC range were major rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s. Over ZX Spectrum Software 20,000 software titles have been released since the Spectrum s launch and new titles continue ... ZX Spectrum 48K motherboard Issue 3B 1983, heat sink removed The Spectrum is based on a Zilog ... model Spectrum has 16 kB 16 1024 byte s of Read only memory ROM and either 16 kB or 48 ... columns 24 rows of characters from the ZX Spectrum character set or from a set provided within ... more details
In mathematics, the Markov spectrum devised by Andrey Markov is a complicated set of real numbers arising in the theory of certain quadratic form s, and containing all the real numbers larger than Freiman s constant. ref name mathworld http mathworld.wolfram.com MarkovSpectrum.html Markov Spectrum Weisstein, Eric W. Freiman s Constant. From MathWorld &ndash A Wolfram Web Resource , accessed 26 Aug 2008 ref Context details Lagrange number Starting from Hurwitz s theorem number theory Hurwitz s theorem on diophantine approximation , that any real number math xi math has a sequence of rational approximations m n tending to it with math left xi frac m n right frac 1 sqrt 5 , n 2 , math it is possible to ask for each value of 1 c with 1 c &ge &radic 5 about the existence of some math xi math for which math left xi frac m n right frac c n 2 math for such a sequence, for which c is the best possible maximal value. Such 1 c make up the Lagrange spectrum , a set of real numbers at least &radic 5 which is the smallest value of the spectrum . The formulation with the reciprocal is awkward, but the traditional definition invites it looking at the set of c instead allows a definition instead by means of an Limit superior and limit inferior inferior limit . For that, consider math liminf n to infty n 2 left xi frac m n right , math where m is chosen as an integer function of n to make the difference minimal. This is a function of math xi math , and the reciprocal of the Lagrange spectrum is the range of values it takes on irrational numbers. The initial part of the Lagrange spectrum, namely ... so factoring into two real linear forms . The Markov spectrum deals directly with the phenomena ... gap in the Lagrange spectrum, namely math F frac 221 ,564 ,096 283 ,748 sqrt 462 491 , 993 , 569 4.5278295661 dots. math Real numbers greater than F are also members of the Markov spectrum. ref ... title Markov spectrum problem combin stub Category Diophantine approximation Category Quadratic ... more details
Modulation techniques Multiplex techniques Spread spectrum techniques are methods by which a signal electrical ... called SIGSALY for communication between Roosevelt and Churchill, which incorporated spread spectrum ... firms began to develop Code Division Multiple Access CDMA , a civilian form of spread spectrum, though ... and Sylvania Electric Products Sylvania Electronic Systems that led to early spread spectrum technology ... phase coding also had an impact on spread spectrum development. Commercial use The 1976 publication of Spread Spectrum Systems by Robert Dixon, ISBN 0 471 21629 1, was a significant milestone in the commercialization ... use of spread spectrum began in the 1980s in the US with three systems Equatorial Communications ... system for communications to trucks. In the Qualcomm and Equatorial systems, spread spectrum enabled ... gain of spread spectrum eliminated interference. The Del Norte system used the high bandwidth of spread spectrum to improve location accuracy. In 1981, the Federal Communications Commission started exploring ways to permit more general civil uses of spread spectrum in a Notice of Inquiry docket. ref ... in the docket were generally opposed by spectrum users and radio equipment manufacturers, although ... 81413RO.txt Authorization of Spread Spectrum Systems Under Parts 15 and 90 of the FCC Rules and Regulations ref in this docket permitted unlicensed use of spread spectrum in 3 bands at powers up to 1 Watt. FCC said at the time that it would welcome additional requests for spread spectrum in other ... CDMA. Spread spectrum telecommunications This is a technique in which a telecommunication ... content of the original information. Spread spectrum telecommunications is a signal structuring ... to other receivers while achieving privacy. Spread spectrum generally makes use of a sequential noise ... called low probability of intercept LPI . Frequency hopping spread spectrum FHSS , direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS , time hopping spread spectrum THSS , chirp spread spectrum CSS , and combinations ... more details
Civic Center Convention Hall . Lou Scheinfeld, former President of the Spectrum, explained that the name Spectrum was selected to evoke the broad range of events to be held there. The SP for sports ...Infobox Stadium stadium name The Spectrum nickname The Spectrum br America s Showplace br Broad Street Philadelphia Broad Street image File SpectrumLogo.svg 250px br File spectrum1.jpg 250px Wachovia Spectrum ... Global Spectrum surface construction cost 7 million br Format price Inflation US 7000000 1967 3 in CURRENTYEAR dollars inflation fn US architect former names The Spectrum 1967 1994 br CoreStates Spectrum 1994 1998 br First Union Spectrum 1998 2003 br Wachovia Spectrum 2003 2009 tenants Philadelphia ... Major Indoor Soccer League 1978 1992 MISL 1978 1981 br The Spectrum , known also as the CoreStates Spectrum 1994&ndash 1998 , First Union Spectrum 1998&ndash 2003 , and Wachovia Spectrum 2003&ndash ... , arena football , indoor soccer , and indoor lacrosse . The Spectrum was demolished between November ... took place on October 31, 2009. History Opened as The Spectrum in fall 1967, Philadelphia s first ... 30, 1967, ref cite news first last coauthors title Bulls game at Wachovia Spectrum highlights ... news first Michael last Klein coauthors title Inqlings Spectrum last blasts Deafening, of course date ... klein 20080918 Inqlings Spectrum last blasts Deafening of course.html work pages accessdate October ... goal. On March 1, 1968, wind blew part of the covering off the Spectrum s roof during a performance ... the NHL. The roof was repaired in time to permit the Flyers to return to the Spectrum to open their first ... This Date In Flyers History... March 1, 1968... Roof Blows Off Of Spectrum. ref Similarly in 1993, the Flyers ... Broad Street Bullies . The Spectrum, along with the Met Center and The Forum Inglewood, California ..., the messageboards on the Spectrum scoreboard were the first dot matrix screens in pro hockey or basketball ... and All Star Games hosted File Spectrumrink.jpg thumb left The Spectrum s ice rink The Flyers won ... more details
spectrum. The visible spectrum is the Balmer series portion of the electromagnetic spectrum ... in this range of wavelength s is called visible light or simply light . A typical human eye will respond ... 555 nanometre nm 540 THz , in the green region of the optical spectrum see luminosity function . The spectrum does not, however, contain all the color s that the human eyes and brain can distinguish ... also pass through the optical window , the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that passes ... is so called because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. The near infrared NIR windows ... outside the visible spectrum, which is defined in terms of human vision. Bee s and many other ... in the ultraviolet range. ref cite book last Cuthill first Innes C editor Peter J.B. Slater title ... s circle places red, at one end of the spectrum, next to violet, at the other. This reflects the fact ... which is around 1500 BC. In 17th century the explanations of the optical spectrum came from Isaac ... by Roger Bacon who recognized the visible spectrum in a glass of water, four centuries before Newton ... Newton first used the word spectrum Latin for appearance or apparition in print in 1671 in describing his experiment s in optics . The word spectrum Spektrum was strictly used to designate a ghostly optical ... less sharply than violet as it passes through the prism, creating a spectrum of colors. Newton divided the spectrum into seven named colors red , Orange color orange , yellow , green , blue , indigo ... of blue or violet. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe argued that the continuous spectrum was a compound ... that a wider aperture produces not a spectrum, but rather reddish yellow and blue cyan edges with white between them. The spectrum appears only when these edges are close enough to overlap. In the early 19th century, the concept of the visible spectrum became more definite, as light outside the visible range was discovered and characterized by William Herschel infrared and Johann Wilhelm Ritter ultraviolet ... more details
Merge to Bipolar disorder date August 2010 The bipolar spectrum BS refers to a category of mood disorders that feature abnormally elevated or depressed mood. These disorders range from bipolar I disorder , featuring full blown manic episodes, to cyclothymia , featuring less prominent hypomanic episodes, to subsyndromal conditions where only some of the criteria for mania or hypomania are met. These disorders typically also involve depressive symptoms or episodes that alternate with the elevated mood states, or with mixed episodes that feature symptoms of both. ref cite book last first authorlink coauthors title Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Text Revision publisher American Psychiatric Association date location pages 2000 url doi id isbn ref The concept of the bipolar spectrum disorder spectrum is similar to that of Emil Kraepelin s original concept of manic depressive illness. ref http www.medscape.com viewarticle 441617 Across the Bipolar Spectrum From Practice to Research ref Currently, manic depressive illness is usually referred to as bipolar disorder or bipolar. Referential nomenclature A simple nomenclature system was introduced in 1978 by Angst, J., et al., to classify more easily individuals affectedness within the spectrum, following a clinical study by the Psychiatric University Clinic of Z rich . ref cite journal last1 Angst first1 J last2 Felder first2 W last3 Frey first3 R last4 Stassen first4 HH title The course of affective disorders. I. Change of diagnosis of monopolar, unipolar, and bipolar illness. journal Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten volume 226 issue 1 pages 57 64 year 1978 pmid 708227 ref Points on the spectrum using this nomenclature are denoted using the following codes M severe mania D severe depression unipolar depression m less severe mania hypomania d less severe depression Thus, mD represents .... References Reflist Bipolar disorder DEFAULTSORT Bipolar spectrum Category Bipolar spectrum es ... more details
Extremely low freq. Freq Frequency Range of the spectrum Electromagnetic waves are typically described ... radiation light Main Visible spectrum Above infrared in frequency comes visible light . This is the range ... sources produce EM radiation across the spectrum, and our technology can also manipulate a broad range ...pp semi small yes File EM Spectrum Properties edit.svg thumb 330px A diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum, showing various properties across the range of frequencies and wavelengths The electromagnetic spectrum is the Spectrumrange of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation . ref cite web url http imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov docs dict ei.html em spectrum title Imagine the Universe Dictionary ref The electromagnetic spectrum of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object. The electromagnetic spectrum extends ... of an atom . It is for this reason that the electromagnetic spectrum is highly studied for spectroscopic purposes to characterize matter. ref name em spectrum cite web last Mehta first Akul url http pharmaxchange.info press 2011 08 introduction to the electromagnetic spectrum and spectroscopy title Introduction to the Electromagnetic Spectrum and Spectroscopy publisher Pharmaxchange.info ... 2011 10 16 ref although in principle the spectrum is infinity infinite and Continuum theory continuous ... Glenn Elert url http hypertextbook.com physics electricity em spectrum title The Electromagnetic Spectrum ... energy E . Frequencies range from val 2.4 e 23 u Hz 1 GeV gamma rays down to the local plasma ... frequency, ref name em spectrum so gamma rays have very short wavelengths that are fractions ... per quantum photon it carries. Spectroscopy can detect a much wider region of the EM spectrum than the visible range of 400 nm to 700 nm. A common laboratory spectroscope can detect ... radiation interacts with matter in different ways in different parts of the spectrum. The types ... more details
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