Infobox language family name SothoTswana region South Africa , Swaziland , Zimbabwe familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu The SothoTswanalanguages are a group of closely related Southern Bantu languages spoken in Southern Africa that include Tswana language Tswana Setswana , Sotho language Sotho Southern Sotho or Sesotho , Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho Sesotho sa Leboa Lozi language Lozi Silozi or Rozi Tswana, Southern Sotho, and the various dialects lumped together as Northern Sotho are all mutually intelligible The SothoTswana group corresponds to the S.30 label in Malcolm Guthrie Guthrie ... links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90212 Ethnologue language family tree for SothoTswanaLanguages of South Africa Category Languages of Botswana Category Languages of Lesotho Category Languages of South Africa Category SothoTswanalanguages nc lang stub af Sotho taalfamilie de SothoTswana Sprachen hr SothoTswana S.30 jezici it Lingue sotho pl J zyki sothotswana pt L nguas sotho ... to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of the Bantu Languages . Volumes 1 4 . Farnborough Gregg ... ref of languages in the Bantu family. Lozi is spoken in Zambia and northeastern Namibia in the Caprivi Strip Caprivi . It is distinct from the other SothoTswanalanguages due to heavy linguistic influences from Luyaana language Luyaana , and possibly other Zambian and Caprivi languages. In the Guthrie .... Philippson eds. , The Bantu Languages , 609 638. London Curzon Routledge ref &mdash Lozi was misclassified as K.21. Northern Sotho, which appears largely to be a taxonomic holding category for what is SothoTswana but neither identifiably Southern Sotho nor Tswana, ref See Doke, Clement M. 1954 . The Southern Bantu Languages. Handbook of African Languages . Oxford Oxford University Press ref subsumes ... more details
The SothoTswana is the most commonly accepted name for a group of communities which speak Bantu languages living primarily in South Africa , Lesotho , Botswana , Zimbabwe and Zambia . Language See also SothoTswanalanguages The differentiation between the various black African groups in South Africa SothoTswana , Nguni people Nguni , Vhavenda and Vatsonga is primarily rooted in linguistics. They speak languages which fall under different sub branches of the Bantu language group, just as Germanic languages are mutually intelligible to an extent, and totally different from Romance languages . History Sometime between 200 500 CE, Bantu speaking peoples, who originated in the Katanga Province Katanga area today part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia , and had been Bantu expansion expanding across sub Saharan Africa , crossed the Limpopo River , entering the area today ... and SothoTswana. The former settled in the eastern coastal regions, while the latter settled primarily ... a very hazy allegiance to the nation s head chief. SothoTswana society was rocked at the beginning ... in 1965. Culture Like other Bantu speaking societies, many SothoTswana people still practice ... magic. Under European influence, most SothoTswana adopted Christianity . Lesotho is predominantly Catholic ... South Africa a century later proved how astute he had been . Most Batswana and northern Sotho belong to some Protestant denomination. Contemporary SothoTswana society is adapting to a rapidly urbanising ... cultural norms are predominant. Apartheid Like all non white South Africans, the SothoTswana people ... Among the SothoTswana author Setiloane, Gabriel M. year 1976 isbn 9061910072 Category Ethnic groups ... of Boer settlers from the Cape Colony into the interior territory, which was populated by SothoTswana peoples. Those settlers are called voortrekkers and sought to leave United Kingdom of Great .... The northern Sotho people Northern Sotho and Batswana were less politically centralized, and suffered ... more details
Tswana may refer to Tswana people a people in Botswana , north western South Africa and nearby areas Tswana language the language they speak and to a lesser extent Bophuthatswana the former bantustan for the Tswana people disambig de Tswana nl Tswana ... more details
Sotho may refer to The Sotho people or Basotho , an African ethnic group principally resident in South Africa and Lesotho. The Sotho language Sesotho or Southern Sotho , a Bantu Language spoken in southern Africa, an official language of both South Africa and Lesotho. The Northern Sotho language or Sesotho sa Leboa , a group of related Bantu dialects classed together as an official language of South Africa. The SotholanguagesSotho S 30, or SothoTswana language group , a linguistic classification which groups together the related languagesSotho, Northern Sotho, Tswana, and Lozi. The SothoTswanaSothoTswana people , a group of southern African ethnic groups with a common history, speakers of languages in the Sotho group. Lesotho , a country in southern Africa entirely surrounded by South Africa . disambiguation fi Sotho ... more details
in Botswana date 1993 familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu fam8 SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana ... and Sotho language Southern Sotholanguages . The first major work on the Tswana language was carried ... Sotholanguages are distinct from Tswana. ref Harvnb Janson Tsonope 1991 pp 38 39 ref In 1876 the South ... of South Africa Languages of Zimbabwe Languages of Namibia African Union languages DEFAULTSORT Tswana Language Category SothoTswanalanguages Category Languages of Botswana Category Languages of South ... Northern and Sotho language Southern Sotholanguages was published by the French people French ... code tn http llmap.org languages tsn.html Map of Tswana language from the LL Map Project http ... languages af Tswana ast Tsuana bg br Tswaneg ca Tswana de Setswana et Tsvana keel el ... 99 AUT ega to 99 AUT egn notice IPA File South Africa Tswana speakers proportion map.svg thumb Geographical ... 60 80 legend 08519C 80 100 File South Africa Tswana speakers density map.svg thumb Geographical distribution ... 800026 > 3000 km Tswana or Setswana is a language spoken in Southern Africa by about 4.5 million people. ref name ethnologue http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code tsn ref It is a Bantu languages Bantu language belonging to the Niger Congo languages Niger Congo language family within the Sotholanguages branch of Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Zone S Zone S S.30 , and is closely related to the Northern Sotho language Northern and Sotho language Southern Sotholanguages , as well as the Kgalagadi language and the Lozi language . Tswana is an official language and lingua franca of Botswana spoken by almost 1.1 million of its inhabitants. However, the majority of Tswana speakers ... Tswana people were notionally citizens of Bophuthatswana , one of the few bantustan s that actually ... more details
People ref region2 flag South Africa pop2 3,900,000 Tswana language Tswana speakers ref2 ref http www.statssa.gov.za census01 html CInBrief CIB2001.pdf ref languagesTswana language religions Christianity ... Infobox Bantu name Motswana Batswana Setswana Botswana Refimprove date September 2009 The Tswana lang tn Batswana , singular Motswana are a Southern African people. The Tswana language belongs to the Bantu languages Bantu group of the Niger Congo languages . Ethnic Tswana make up about 80 of the population ... is one of the eleven official languages nationwide. Until 1994, South African Tswana people were notionally ...About the ethnic group Tswana disambiguation Infobox Ethnic group group Tswana image File Bechuana Congregation ... caption Depiction of a congregation of Tswana people with David Livingstone , by the London Missionary Society , circa 1900 population region1 flag Botswana pop1 poulation of ethnic Tswana is unknown ... the ethnic Tswana were half the population of the non Tswana 7,000 vs 16 000 Wayeyi alone Tlou 1985 . In the Central District, the non Tswana the Kalanga specifically, were more the than the Tswana. The ethnic Tswana are found in the Southern part of the Country. Walter and Ringenberg 1994 estimated that the non Tswana make 90 of the Population. RETENG, an organisation which has long advocated ... Population data and estimated that the ethnic Tswana made 17.9 of the population while the non Tswana ... . Europeans therefore referred to the area inhabited by the Tswana as Bechuanaland . In the Tswana language, however, Botswana is the name for the country of the Tswana. Dynasties and tribes ... for the Tswana people. All the country s eight major tribes speak Tswana. All have a traditional Paramount ... Botswana House of Chiefs . The Tswana dynasties are all related, and some have known splits into two or three competing lines. The principal Tswana tribes are the Kgatla tribe Bakgatla Koena tribe Bakwena ... Tawana tribe Batawana Tlokwa tribe Batlokwa South Africa The largest number of ethnic Tswana people ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Tswana people Tswana are an African ethnic group , mostly resident in South Africa . A minority of this group is found in Botswana and forms the major ethnic group there. Tswana music is unusual in its lack of drum ming, and is heavily reliant on string instrument s and singing. Some of the instruments used include segaba and setinkane .The segaba is more like a violin , in the design, but uses only one string hooked to a tin. The setinkane is made with varying forks, and played more like a keyboard. During the colonial era, Tswana folk music was discouraged because it was considered a hindrance in the proper development of the region and people. Since independence for Botswana, folk music has been revived, though still the most popular music is from elsewhere in Africa especially South Africa , United States and Europe . DEFAULTSORT Tswana Music Category Botswana music Category South African styles of music SouthAfrica stub Botswana stub Music genre stub ... more details
Tswana is an indigenous beef cattle breed of Botswana . It is a Sanga cattle Sanga type, similar to Barotse and Tuli cattle Tuli . Its colour is plain black or multi coloured usually red pied, and rarely black pied. The breed can also be found in South Africa . Animals of this breed are well adapted to hot, dry environments and have a high level of tick and heat tolerance. Other common local names are Bechuana, Sechuana, Setswana, Batawana, Mangwato, Sengologa, and Seshaga. External links http efabis.tzv.fal.de Cattle Breeds cattle stub Botswana stub Category Cattle breeds Category Animal breeds originating in Botswana de Tswana Rind ... more details
Bantu fam8 SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana fam9 SotholanguagesSotho nation flag Lesotho br flag ... language family within the Sotholanguages branch of Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Zone S Zone S S.30 . It is most closely related to other major languages in the SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana language group Tswana language Tswana Setswana , the Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho ... Sotho , principally to distinguish it from Northern Sotho. The Sotholanguages are in turn closely ... can variously mean SothoTswana speakers, Sotho and Northern Sotho speakers, Sotho speakers, and residents ... its speakers have mixed Nguni and SothoTswana ancestry. It seems that it is sometimes treated erroneously ... all minor languages spoken in Lesotho as dialects of Sotho is considered patronising, in addition ... were imported from Nguni languages ukuqala and ukuxabana , which is where the Sotho versions come ... such as ku kabanga to think, c.f. Zulu ukucabanga . ref the Zambia n SothoTswana language Lozi language ... and polylectalism are very high. Official status Sotho is one of the eleven official languages of South Africa , and one of the two official languages of Lesotho . Derived languagesSotho is one ... between Makua and Sotholanguages . In PULA Journal of African Studies, vol. 11, no. 1 Related ... Project translating Free and Open Source Software into South African languages, including Sotho ... translate.org.za content view 1612 54 Mozilla Thunderbird email program in Sotho. Languages ... languages Category Languages of Lesotho Category Languages of South Africa Category Sotho language Category Vowel harmony languages af Suid Sotho bg br Sothoeg da Sesotho de Sesotho es Sesotho ... language name Sotho nativename Sesotho pronunciation IPA st s s t states flag Lesotho br flag South Africa speakers at least 5 million ethnicity Sotho people Basotho familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages ... more details
The Griqua, The SothoTswana, and the Missionaries, 1780 1840 location Ann Arbor publisher Univ. Microfilms ... library publications the world factbook geos lt.html ref Sotho is one of the two official languages ... million. ref Lewis, P. 2009 Ethnologue Languages of the World. Dallas SIL International. ref Sotho ... Lewis, P. 2009 Ethnologue Languages of the World. Dallas SIL International. ref Small numbers of Sotho ... Languages of the World. Dallas SIL International. ref Sotho is used in a range of educational ... World Languages Survey. Paris UNESCO. ref Half hour Sotho news bulletins are broadcast daily on a government ... 2000 World Languages Survey. Paris UNESCO. ref The popular monthly magazine Bona includes Sotho content ... also Lesotho Liphofung Historical Site Moshoeshoe I SothoTswanaSotho calendar References Reflist ... Category Ethnic groups in South Africa Category Sotho people Other languages af Basotho da Basotho ... Lesotho c. 1.8 million langs Sotho language Sesotho rels African traditional religion , Christian Infobox Bantu name Mosotho Basotho Sesotho Lesotho The ancestors of the Sotho people Basotho or Basuto have lived in southern Africa since around the fifth century. The Sotho nation emerged from the accomplished diplomacy of Moshoeshoe I who gathered together disparate clans of SothoTswana origin that had dispersed across southern Africa in the early 19th century. Most Sotho today live in South ... had emerged. Nguni languages Nguni speaking tribes primarily Zulu people Zulu and Xhosa people Xhosa occupied the east and southern coastal regions, while a series of Sotho kingdoms covered the southern ... . ref Sotho society was highly decentralized and organized on the basis of kraals, or extended ... impact on the history of the Sotho. To the east, Shaka rose to become emperor of the Zulu people ... with the Sotho people residing on the Highveld. Concurrently, the descendants of Dutch settlers who founded Cape Town in 1652, began arriving in Sotho territory. ref cite book last Ross first R. year ... more details
Category Sotho language Grammar Category Grammars of specific languagesSotho Use more practical ...Sotho grammar Sotho language div style float right width 15em background color f3f9ff border 1px solid ... of the differences between the two see the notes on Sotho orthography . Hovering the mouse cursor over ... qualities. div This article presents a brief overview of the grammar of the Sotho language and provides ... side... Typology The Sotho language may be described in several ways depending on the aspect being considered ... language more specifically, a complex grammatical tone language. See Sotho tonology . It has no grammatical ... gender system, but this does not include natural gender. See Sotho nouns . It has head first order ... a Sotho parts of speech Qualificative pronouns qualificative pronoun . It is a pro ... nouns or pronouns . Formatives Bantu languages are agglutinative &mdash words are constructed ... of words and are immutable except under Sotho phonology Phonetic processes purely phonetic changes ... speaking, roots themselves do not really have any meaning . Roots are the basis of the Sotho parts ... the root s form in predictable ways such as the Sotho phonology pp nasalization nasalization in the last ... trace the evolution and connections of different languages. Many roots are shared by a wide range of Bantu languages. ref name ntu root Including the root ntu whence the name Bantu languages ... in Sotho verbs Verbal derivatives verb derivations and conjugations . For example, from the verb ..., entwine dl dd H title m mo rara dotted no Sotho nouns nc 3 nom. 3 &ndash a bunch of grapes the grape plant any vine or climbing plant dd dd H title l le rara dotted no Sotho nouns ... to solve dd dd H title h h n ho rarahana dotted no Sotho verbs vbd associative ass. vb. &ndash to be entangled together dd dd dl dd H title h h n l ho rarahanela dotted no Sotho verbs vbd applied app. ass. vb. &ndash to spiral intransitive dd dl dd dd H title h n ho rarana dotted no Sotho ... more details
The phonology of Sesotho and those of the other SothoTswanalanguages are radically different from ... the most radical sound innovation in the SothoTswanalanguages is that the Proto Bantu prenasalized consonant s have become simple stops and affricates. ref name kintu NC The SothoTswana ejective ... SothoTswanalanguages do have prenasalized consonants, or at least have less strict and varied ... important sound change in Sesotho which distinguishes it from almost all other SothoTswanalanguages ... SothoTswanalanguages. For example, the language still retains the difference in pronunciation between ... noun but not the second. ref Many other SothoTswanalanguages have lost the fricative IPA , and some Northern Sotholanguages, possibly influenced by Tshivenda , have also lost the lateral affricate ... occur in the SothoTswana and Nguni languages being over four times more common in Southern ... that they have become four separate phonemes in the SothoTswanalanguages. Additionally, the first ..., resulting in a total of 9 phonemic vowels. Uniquely among the SothoTswanalanguages, Sesotho ... tongue positions for the 9 vowels td tr table Consonants The SothoTswanalanguages are peculiar ... evidence shows that in the SothoTswanalanguages IPA l was originally pronounced as a retroflex ... is very strange and does not occur in most other major SothoTswanalanguages. ref For example H ... have separated . In the 9 vowel SothoTswanalanguages, a much less common process also occurs ... Since these changes are allophonic, the SothoTswanalanguages are rarely said to have 11 vowels. li ... origins due to the influence of Difaqane refuges inheriting many words and idioms from non SothoTswana ... be counted as authentic phonemes especially since SothoTswana type labialization ... Tswanalanguages. ref Thus isiZulu words such as e nt abeni on the mountain, i mp uphu flour, ezi ... number of heterorganic compounds. Sesotho, uniquely among the recognised and standardised SothoTswana ... more details
Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language spoken conjunctively however, like many Bantu languages it is written disjunctively. The difference lies in the characteristically European word division used for writing the language, in contrast with some Bantu languages such as the South African Nguni languages . This issue is investigated in more detail in Sotho grammar The Sesotho word ...Sotho orthography Sotho language Sotho The orthography of the Sotho language is fairly recent and is based on the Latin alphabet , but, like most languages written using the Latin alphabet, it does not use ..., with the Lesotho variant using diacritic s. As with almost all other Bantu languages , although the language ... they represent, see the phoneme tables at Sotho phonology . Note that often when a section discusses ... orthography &mdash not Sotho grammar The Sesotho word proper Sesotho words . ref a syllabic nasal ... simply attached to the Sotho nouns nc 1a class 1a noun in South Africa but Lesotho orthography uses ... of Sotho verbs The verbal complex the verb complex . One exception is the 1st. pers. sg Sotho ... parts of speech. With the exception of Sotho nouns nc 15 class 15 , noun class ... are written as one word. This most frequently occurs with Sotho parts of speech Adverbs adverbs . Of course ... Nguni languages where it is the first letter of the stem that is capitalized. H title l n t s ... language has Sotho phonology Vowels at least seven contrasting vowel phonemes , these are only written ... by the fact that very few of the large number of written Niger Congo languages have any consistently ... is composed of a Sotho deficient verbs dvg III Group III deficient verb H title je ye dotted no , indicating ... is indicated by the low toned Sotho concords con subjectival subjectival concord as well as the IPA ... other. Sotho alphabet Sesotho orthography is based on the following alphabet class wikitable width 500 ... mostly in old loanwords from Nguni languages and in ideophones le kh o kh o the part of the pap that remains ... more details
noun prefix ref name nom. aug It is interesting to note that the SothoTswanalanguages lack the high toned pre prefix augment that appears in the nouns of many other languages. Generally, the augments ... . p p The SothoTswana prefixes Rra and Mma arose when rare and mama were contracted to rre and mma ... Pronouns Sesotho pronouns . Bantu languages are often said to have sentences which are centred around ... mi , class 9 N etc. though there are some languages in which the vowel of the augment is weakened ..., like all other Bantu languages, uses a set of noun class es and each noun belongs to one of the classes ... made into a valid prefix per , thus a farmer would be perfarmer. To indicate languages ... appearing on some historical words as is now the case with some non Bantu Niger Congo languages ... order for emphasis as is indeed the case in the Bantu languages being tonal, Bantu languages cannot ... Bantu languages. Noun Classes 11 to 13, and 19 to 23 do not occur in Sesotho, but do occur in other Bantu languages isiZulu has class 11, Lozi language Silozi has Classes 11, 12, and 13, etc. . Each ... 1 2, 1 6, 1a 2a, 3 4, 5 6, 5 10, 7 8, 9 10, 9 6, and 14 6. ref Most languages have these first ten classes ... from comparing the class contents of various languages that there are some tentative semantic ..., there are no human class 3 nouns in Sesotho . In many other languages, however, class 1 contains ... to the specific singular classes in the literature of many of the languages. Except for class ... name class labels is fairly homogeneous in content and also contains the names of the languages or cultures ... and gerunds. ref name old 15 In Proto Bantu and many modern Bantu languages this class also contains ... with other languages reaveals their true class membership 15 . ref These may be used syntactically ... common formatives placed in the middle of a morpheme . Bantu languages, being agglutinative ... parts of speech Adverbs adverb . In many other Bantu languages, including Setswana , ref name tsw ... more details
passive of H title re dotted no may be due to Nguni thiwa most other SothoTswanalanguages ... passive suffix still used in Setswana and many Northern Sotholanguages was H title iw iwa dotted ... due to the verb being borrowed from some Nguni language it does not exist in most other SothoTswanalanguages . p p These are distinguished from other verbs in that they are normally not used with many ... and class 14 Sesotho nouns nouns . In the Bantu languages , verbs often form the centre of a complex ... processes purely phonetic changes and Bantu languages share numerous similar verb roots with predictable sound changes between languages . Stem H title b n bona dotted no see, from root H title b n ... are very common among the Bantu languages ref name mono stems The first two verbs, together with the Sesotho ..., with a conjunctive vb import import , are used in many Bantu languages in generally restricted circumstances. p p There exists certain defective verbs across most Bantu languages Proto Bantu di Sesotho ... other languages, H title re dotted no may take an objectival concord when used with Sesotho parts ... into a separate class due to being uncommon in Bantu languages and, in some languages but not in Sesotho ... the dog? The alternatives are more complex in their respective languages Sesotho normal H title ... passive The dog will be fed by whom? Passive verbs are rare in the Niger Congo languages Niger Congo ... from Proto Bantu ed instead of id , is found in many other Bantu languages. ref . Sometimes this extension ... title t s ts dotted no . Additionally, there were, and in almost all Bantu languages still are, fairly ... in other languages Proto Bantu intransitive uk and transitive ud , are sometimes called the separative ... languages shows that this is actually irregular as one would expect it to appear as H title ... li ul Note that this derivation pattern, like all other uses of reduplication in Bantu languages ... other Bantu languages these verbs do actually indicate present states, not a continuous inceptive ... more details
. Typology One popular classification of tonal Bantu languages broadly separates them into two group shifting languages and spreading languages. The SothoTswanalanguages are bounded spreading languages ... to illustrate the tonal rules incorrectly. div Like almost all other Niger Congo languages , Sesotho ... tone languages with much more than just two toneme s, and the existence of breathy voice d consonants in the Nguni languages Nguni and other languages greatly complicates their tonology. In Sesotho ... underlying high tones. For example, in the Nguni languages the underlying high tone of verb stems ... is basically the syllable. In general, to include languages with long vowels, one may say that the TBU of Bantu languages is the mora linguistics mora , and indeed, when dealing with stressed syllables ... by syllabic H title l l dotted no and, in Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho and Setswana , syllabic ... &ndash though one might have expected . This is a general trend among almost all Bantu languages with contrastive or stressed lengthened vowels, though languages with breathy voiced consonants do have ...? Distinguishing semantic tone The most important property of tonal languages which distinguishes them from languages that merely use pitch as part of intonation such as English is the existence ... for a satisfactory theoretical framework to deal with the tonal grammars of Niger Congo languages ... to syllables to the right. The closely related Nguni languages, on the other hand, are unbounded shifting languages as they have primitive rules which directly cause underlying high tones to be moved .... Some Bantu languages also have a Plateau rule which changes tone pattern H H to HHH &mdash ... of Southern Sotho Grammar . Cape Town Longman Southern Africa, 3rd. impression. ISBN 0 582 ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Sesotho calendar Sotho The Sotho language Sesotho has traditional names for the months of the familiar Gregorian calendar. The names reflect a deep connection that the Sotho people Basotho traditionally have with the natural world and the importance of agriculture. Although the month names are often not used by the general public being considered part of deep Sesotho , they are regularly used in news broadcasts and other media and are more common than English imports. Additionally, the names of the seasons and the days of the week are regularly used by all speakers. TOC br clear all All 44 instances of the hover text match the regular expression H title dotted no This regex should work with most engines it was tested with the Python re library , though you should probably escape the curly braces just to be on the safe side... Months The names of the months H title dix edi dikgwedi dotted no indicate special natural and agricultural events which traditionally happened during the period. Being cattle breeders who lived in the semi arid regions of Southern Africa, a deep understanding of agriculture and the natural world was essential for the survival of the Basotho people. The year begins roughly in the month of August, when the seeds are planted in anticipation of the next month s explosion of life. ref name folk etym Many of the explanations of the names that follow are probably very good examples of folk etymology , and may not necessarily be entirely accurate. ref H title p t Phato dotted no August &mdash from the verb H title f t fata dotted no dig as the barren fields are ploughed and prepared in anticipation of the next months explosion of life. H title l et s Lwetse dotted no September &mdash lots of grass grows and the cows grow fat on it. They produce so much milk that the expression H title l b s l wet s lebese le ... Afrique centrale. Category Calendars Category Sotho language Calendar Category Sotho people ... more details
comparing of the morphologies of several languages and developing a set of expected concords and structures ... languages have many more enumeratives with a particular class of meanings denoting the numbers 1 to 5 ... 1 and 2 concords . The exact number of concords differs from language to language, but all Bantu languages ... and other languages, suggests an original Proto Bantu prefix ni , but that does not explain the nasalization ... in the middle of a morpheme . Bantu languages, being agglutinative, construct words by placing ..., C. M. , and Mofokeng, S. M. 1974. Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar . Cape Town Longman Southern ... more details
Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu fam8 SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana fam9 SotholanguagesSotho dia1 Lobedu dialect Lobedu nation ... inner languages within outer language 99 AUT e Sotho language seSotho Tswana language seTswana ... a common writing system for 20 or more varieties of the SothoTswanalanguages spoken in the former ... Mpumalanga . Classification Northern Sotho is a language or a number of neighbouring languages within the SotholanguagesSotho branch of Zone S S.30 of the Bantu languages Bantu family classified in the Niger Congo languages Niger Congo language phylum . Northern Sotho is thus most closely related to Sotho language seSotho or Southern Sotho, Tswana language seTswana , SheKgalagari sheKgalagari and Lozi ... Sotho Apart from sePedi itself, the other languages or dialects covered by the term Northern Sotho appear to be a diverse grouping of communal speech forms within the SothoTswana group. They are apparently united by the fact that they are classifiable neither as Southern Sotho nor as Tswana ... between SothoTswana and Zulu . The morphological and possible lexical variation among these dialects ... unclassified SothoTswana varieties spoken in northeastern South Africa . Their precise classification ... Sotho http translate.org.za content view 24 41 Keyboard with extra Northern Sotho characters Languages of South Africa DEFAULTSORT Northern Sotho Language Category SothoTswanalanguages Category Languages of South Africa nso Sepedi af Noord Sotho br Sothoeg an norzh de Nord Sotho es Sesotho sa .... Infobox language name Northern Sotho nativename Sesotho sa Leboa states flag South Africa region .... 99 AUT eab & egh southeast & northwest Tlokwa varieties transition to 99 AUT eg Tswana language seTswana 99 AUT ff Pai transition from 99 AUT fg Zulu language isiZulu File South Africa Northern Sotho ... more details
Richard Miles was a Motswana Tswana people Tswana catechist and preacher to the native tribes beyond the border in South Africa . ref name Morris, D 2001 Morris, D. 2001. Who was Richard Miles? Now and Then Newsletter of the Historical Society of Kimberley and the Northern Cape 8 1 6. ref ref name els Morris, D. http www.elsmere.itgo.com catalog.html Richard Miles Motswana preacher to the native tribes beyond the border , ref Origins Nothing definite is known of Richard Miles s origins, except that he was born a Motswana Tswana people Tswana , and as a youth was in the employ of the apothecary John Harfield Tredgold in Cape Town . ref name Morris, D 2001 ref name Ashworth, M.G 1974 Ashworth, M.G. 1974. The life and fortunes of John Pocock of Cape Town, 1814 1876 Tredgold, A.1990. The Ardernes and their garden . Cape Town Arderne Book Trust. ref Tredgold was Secretary of the Cape of Good Hope Philanthropic Society for aiding deserving slaves and slave children to purchase their freedom , and maintained regular association with mission activities. He would have been well acquainted with the London Missionary Society Superintendent, the Revd Richard Miles who was also on the committee of the Philanthropic Society . The Revd Miles occupied the position as Superintendent at the Cape temporarily in the late 1820s, while John Philip missionary Dr John Philip was in England . ref Sibree, J. 1923. A register of missionaries, deputations, etc from 1796 to 1923 . London LMS. ref It is presumed that Richard Miles, the Motswana, had been one of the many youngsters displaced by turbulence ... Society Berlin Missionaries to establish a station amongst the Tswana people Tswana in the interior ... needed date June 2011 incursions into Tswana people Tswana territory persuaded the missionaries that work .... And so Miles s interpretive skills were tested to the limit some of the Korana had a smattering of Tswana ... as agent for the Tswana Chief Lephoi, at Bethulie . Here he became embroiled in land speculation ... more details
concords. ref Classification Even though many other Bantu languages have some deficient verbs, the system used in the SothoTswanalanguages is unusually intricate and specialized, with a rather large ... dotted no remain behind , and this form is often used in the Northern Sotholanguages for the same ...Sesotho deficient verbs Sotho language div style float right width 15em background color f3f9ff border 1px solid aaa padding 0 0.5em margin 0.5em font size 90 Notes The orthography used in this and related articles is that of South Africa , not Lesotho . For a discussion of the differences between the two see the notes on Sesotho orthography . Hovering the mouse cursor over most H title tal k italic dotted no Sesotho text should reveal an International Phonetic Alphabet IPA pronunciation key excluding tones . Note that often when a section discusses formatives, affixes, or vowels it may be necessary to view the IPA to see the proper conjunctive word division and vowel qualities. div In the Sotho language , the deficient verbs are a special subset of Sesotho verbs that require a subordinate or complementary verb to complete their action, and which are used to form many tenses and to impart certain shades of meaning to the Predicate grammar predicate . These verbs form part of multi verbal conjugations comprising a string of verbs each with its own Sesotho concords con subjectival subjectival concord and Sesotho grammar gf verbal auxiliary verbal auxiliaries . Deficient verbs, being deficient , are never used alone. Many of them are irregular in form and have irregular inflexions. Many of these verbs seem radical in nature, while others especially those with complex implications ... Apart from Sesotho verbs The verbal complex the verbal complex , researchers of Bantu languages ... translation . ref For example, many languages with unbounded tonal shift or spread laws ... of Southern Sotho Grammar . Cape Town Longman Southern Africa, 3rd. impression. ISBN 0 582 61700 ... more details
forms for 2 to 5 in particular, the forms in the SothoTswanalanguages are nasally permuted ... SothoTswanalanguages, because the Sesotho H title ng dotted no is an irregular Enumeratives ... wikitable Numerals in several Bantu languages No. Sesotho Setswana Tswana Swahili language Swahili ... classification is obviously quite different from that of European and Classical languages, and these terms are used to avoid the temptation of treating Bantu languages in the same manner as European languages, and to avoid the implications of more traditional terms. ref ol type I Roman numerals ... side... As a rule, Bantu languages do not have any preposition s ref name no prep Sometimes a certain ..., all qualificatives agree with the noun they are qualifying. p p The terms have more validity in languages ... its form. ref name ngu pron In the Nguni languages , for example, prefixes are attached to the pronoun ... pronouns Sesotho has three positional types of pronouns 1 less than many other Bantu languages ... languages have several quantitative pronouns, Sesotho only has the H title e hle dotted no all whole ... clearly seen in other languages such as isiZulu , where a simple inflected qualificative is sometimes ... used with the Sesotho concords con adjectival adjectival concords . In the Bantu languages, the adjectives form a closed class with some languages having no proper adjectives at all . Sesotho has a rather ... in Sesotho, since most other Bantu languages have the colours as relatives instead. class wikitable ... concords con relative relative concords . In the Bantu languages, the relatives form an open ... ya tsofetseng dotted no an old man Enumeratives In the Bantu languages, enumeratives are a category ... . In many Bantu languages the first five numerals belong to this category, but in Sesotho only .... This happens less commonly in Sesotho than in many other Bantu languages the relative ...... Bantu languages tend to use a quinary counting system with six basic numbers, the other four ... more details
Languages of country Botswana official English language English national Tswana language Tswana The official language of Botswana is English. Tswana language Setswana is spoken by around 78 of the population. External links http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name Botswana Ethnologue listing of Botswana languagesLanguages of Botswana Languages of Africa Botswana stub Category Languages of Botswana fr Langues du Botswana tn Dipuo tsa mo Botswana ... more details
Zulu , Sepedi Pedi , Sesotho Sotho , Setswana Tswana , SiSwati Swazi , Tshivenda Venda , and Xitsonga ... language M or West Africa 5 Sotho language Sotho South Africa 5 Luhya language Luhya Kenya 4 Tswana ... in Africa ref cite book title African Languages an Introduction editor last Heine editor first Bernd ... Africa is incredibly rich in language&mdash over 3,000 indigenous languages by some counts, and many ... PR9 accessdate 2011 06 23 ref in several major language family language families Afroasiatic languages ... Nilo Saharan languages Nilo Saharan is centered on Sudan and Chad disputed validity Niger Congo languages Niger Congo covers West Africa West , Central Africa Central , and East Africa Southeast Africa Khoe languages Khoe is concentrated in the deserts of Namibia and Botswana Austronesian languages Austronesian on Madagascar . Indo European languages Indo European on the southern tip of the continent. There are several other small families and language isolate s, as well as obscure languages ... of which are language isolates. Several African languages are whistled language whistled or talking drum drummed to communicate over long distances. About a hundred of the languages of Africa are widely used for inter ethnic communication. Arabic language Arabic , Berber languages Berber , Igbo ... of people. If dialect cluster clusters of up to a hundred similar languages are counted together, twelve ... African countries Nigeria alone has over 500 languages, ref cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name nigeria title Ethnologue report for Nigeria work Ethnologue Languages of the World ... are mostly aimed at multilingualism . For example, all African languages are considered languages of the African Union official languages of the African Union AU . 2006 was declared by the African Union as the Year of African Languages . ref http www.sarpn.org.za documents d0001850 index.php African Union Summit 2006 Khartoum, Sudan. SARPN. ref However, although many mid sized languages are used ... more details
languages . iso2 bnt iso5 bnt child1 Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Zones A S geographic child2 Boan languages Boan child3 Northeast Bantu child4 Rufiji Ruvuma languages Rufiji Ruvuma child5 Rukwa languages Rukwa child6 Sabi languages Sabi child7 child8 Botatwe languages Botatwe child9 Kavango Southwest Bantu languages Kavango Southwest child10 Southern Bantu languages Southern Bantu child11 Guthrie classification of Bantu languages et cetera The Bantu languages technically Narrow Bantu languages constitute a traditional sub branch of the Niger Congo languages . There are about 250 Bantu languages by the criterion of mutual intelligibility , ref Derek Nurse, 2006, Bantu Languages ... is often unclear, and Ethnologue counts 535 languages. ref http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp ... languages considered Bantu in Guthrie s classification and thus counted by Nurse 2006 ref Bantu languages ... languages from other language families see map . According to Ethnologue , several Bantu languages are among the most widely spoken languages in Africa, including Shona language Shona , and Zulu language ... lists Manyika and Ndau as separate languages, though Shona speakers consider them to be two ... the Shona, then Shona totals 14.2 million first language speakers. Bantu languages are believed to have ... Heinrich Immanuel Bleek 1827 1875 , as this is reflected in many of the languages of this group. A common characteristic of Bantu languages is that they use words such as muntu or mutu for person , and the plural prefix for human nouns starting with mu class 1 in most languages is ba class 2 , thus ... structures of Bantu languages. Classification main Guthrie classification of Bantu languages ..., including the addition of a zone J. The Jarawan languages are spoken in Nigeria. The term narrow ... in his seminar 1948 classification of the Bantu languages from Bantoid languages not recognized ... to exclude many of the Zone A and perhaps Zone B languages. There is no genealogical classification ... more details
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