Image Cloning diagram english.svg thumb 300px right Somaticcellnucleartransfer can create clones for both ... researching a technique to use somaticcellnucleartransfer to produce embryonic stem cell ... PA, et al. title Somaticcellnucleartransfer journal Nature volume 419 issue 6907 pages 583 6 ..., Enright B, Yang X title Cloning animals by somaticcellnucleartransfer biological factors journal ... of Science Policy Analysis. http www.isscr.org public therapeutic.htm NuclearTransfer Stem Cells or SomaticCellNuclearTransfer SCNT The International Society for Stem Cell Research http www.hinxtongroup.org ... terms, the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep somaticcellnuclear transplantation ..., Wilmut I title Sheep cloned by nucleartransfer from a cultured cell line journal Nature volume 380 ... . The process In SCNT the cell nucleus nucleus , which contains the organism s DNA , of a somaticcell ... time, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed. The nucleus of the somaticcell is then inserted into the denucleated egg cell. After being inserted into the egg, the somaticcell nucleus is Reprogramming reprogrammed by the host cell. The egg, now containing the nucleus of a somaticcell, is stimulated ... organism. The technique of transferring a nucleus from a somaticcell into an egg that produced ... cells would be genetically identical to the somaticcell donor, thus avoiding any complications ... involved in reprogramming the cellular differentiation differentiated somaticcell nucleus and activating ... transfer techniques in human stem cell research raise a set of concerns beyond the moral status of any ... AP title Reprogramming nuclei insights from cloning, nucleartransfer and heterokaryons journal J ... for schematic purposes in practice usually the whole donor cell is transferred. In genetics and developmental biology , somaticcellnucleartransfer SCNT is a laboratory technique for creating a clonal embryo, using an ovum with a donor nucleus see process below . It can be used in embryonic stem cell ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2010 A somaticcell diploid is any cell biology biological cell forming the body of an organism that is, in a multicellular organism , any cell other than a gamete , germ cell , gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell . By contrast, gametes are cells that fuse during sexual reproduction , for organisms that reproduce sexually Germ cells are cells that give rise to gametes Stem cells are cells that can divide through mitosis and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types. For example, in mammal s, somatic cells make up all the internal organs, skin, bones, blood, and connective tissue. By contrast, mammalian germ cells give rise to spermatozoa and ova which fuse during fertilization to produce a cell called a zygote , which develops into an embryo . The word somatic is derived from the Greek language Greek word s ma , meaning body . Genetics and chromosome content Like all cells, somatic cells contain DNA arranged in chromosome s. If a somaticcell contains ... cloned dog . DEFAULTSORT SomaticCell Category Cloning Category Cells Category Developmental biology ... cel ja pl Kom rka somatyczna pt C lula som tica ru simple Somaticcell fi Somaattinen solu sv Somatisk cell zh ... the mother. For example, in humans, somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. By contrast ... 46 chromosomes i.e. 23 pairs . However, a large number of species have the chromosomes in their somatic ... L. , a hexaploid species whose somatic cells contain six copies of every chromatid . Cloning ... identical genetic clones of an animal to be produced. One method of doing this is called somaticcellnucleartransfer and involves removing the cell nucleus nucleus from a somaticcell, usually a skin cell. This nucleus contains all of the genetic information needed to produce the organism it was removed ... is caused by any mitochondria l DNA is retained in the ovum, which is different than the cell that donated ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 NuclearTransfer is a form of cloning . The steps involve removing the DNA from an oocyte unfertilized egg , and injecting the Cell nucleus nucleus which contains the DNA to be cloned. In rare instances, the newly constructed cell will divide normally, replicating the new DNA while remaining in a pluripotent state. If the cloned cells are placed in the uterus of a female mammal, a cloned organism develops to term in rare instances. This is how Dolly the Sheep and many list of animals that have been cloned other species were cloned. Cows are commonly cloned to select those that have the best milk production. Despite this, the low efficiency of the technique has prompted some researchers, notably Ian Wilmut , creator of Dolly sheep Dolly the cloned sheep, to abandon it. http www.telegraph.co.uk earth main.jhtml?xml earth 2007 11 16 scidolly116.xml Tools and reagents Nucleartransfer is a delicate process that is a major hurdle in the development of cloning technology http www.pnas.org misc classics4.shtml Materials used in this procedure are a microscope, a holding ... Genomic reprogramming is the key biological process behind nucleartransfer. Currently unidentified ... of extracting the nucleus of a cell using a vacuum. For some species, such as mouse, a drill is used ... , during which its nuclear membrane is dissolved. Chemicals are also used to stimulate oocyte activation. When applied the membrane is completely dissolved SomaticCellNuclearTransferSomaticcellnucleartransferSomaticCellNuclearTransfer SCNT or therapeutic cloning involves the nucleus of an unfertilized egg cell, replacing it with the material from the nucleus of a somaticcell a skin, heart, or nerve cell, for example , and stimulating this cell to begin dividing. Once the cell begins ... reset the mature, specialized cell back to an undifferentiated, embryonic state. These factors ... Cloning Category Developmental biology Category Cell biology Category Stem cells Category Biotechnology ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Transfer cells are specialized Ground tissue Parenchyma parenchyma cells that have an increased surface area , due to infoldings of the plasma membrane . They facilitate the transport of sugars from a sugar source, mainly leaves, to a sugar sink, often developing fruits. Category Plant cells DEFAULTSORT TransferCell Botany stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Somaticcell count SCC is one of indicators of the quality of milk . Somatic cells are leukocyte s white blood cell s . The number of somatic cells increases in response to pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus , a cause of mastitis . The SCC is quantified as cells per ml. General agreement rests on the values of less than 100,000 cells ml for uninfected cow s and greater than 300,000 for cows infect ed with significant pathogen s Citation needed date November 2010 . The California mastitis test provides a cow side measure of somaticcell count. The somaticcell count in the milk also increases after calving when colostrum is produced. Somaticcell count and bacteria plate count The methods of determining Grade A milk quality are well established, and are based on the somaticcell count and the bacteria plate count . Generally a lower somaticcell count indicates better animal health, while the bacteria plate count indicates improved equipment sanitation. Somatic cells originate only from inside the animal s udder, while the bacteria are usually from external contaminations, such as insufficient cleaning of the milk transport equipment or insufficient external cleansing of the cow s udder and teats prior to milking. Milking equipment can also be accidentally knocked or kicked off an animal onto the floor, and contaminants on the barn floor can be sucked into the milk line by the system vacuum. A filter sock or filter disk in the pipeline ... in the paper Guidelines for Using the DHI SomaticCell Count Program ref Guidelines for Using the DHI SomaticCell Count Program, Author G.M. Jones, Professor of Dairy Science and Extension Dairy Scientist ... References Reflist DEFAULTSORT SomaticCell Count Category Dairy farming Category Cattle is Frumutala ... loop count methods shall be not more than one million 1,000,000 bacteria per milliliter. The somaticcell count shall be not more than one million 1,000,000 cells per milliliter. The milk shall ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Celltransfer therapy is a relatively new technique aimed at eliminating cancer cells by the administration of autologous lymphocytes to cancer patients. This follows recent knowledge that cancer cells may express certain unique tumor antigen s. Technique The first step in celltransfer involves the lymphodepletion of patients prior to celltransfer. The next step is the identification of lymphocytes in a patient that may recognize tumor antigens. These lymphocytes are isolated and grown in vitro in large numbers and then injected back into the patient. Applications Although still in its experimental stage, this groundbreaking technology has proved to be the latest ammunition in the battle against cancer as it works through immunomodulation and tumor cells are more susceptible to immune pathways of tumor destruction. Category Cancer treatments unreferenced date December 2007 ... more details
expert subject Molecular and Cellular Biology date December 2009 Adoptive celltransfer is the passive transfer of cell biology cells , most commonly immune derived cells, into a new recipient host with the goal of transferring the immunologic functionality and characteristics into the new host. Clinically, this approach has been exploited to transfer either immune promoting or tolergenic cells often lymphocytes to patients to either enhance immunity against virus biology viruses and cancer ref cite journal author Gattinoni L, Powell DJ, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP title Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer building on success journal Nature Reviews Immunology volume 6 issue 5 pages 383 93 year 2006 month May pmid 16622476 pmc 1473162 doi 10.1038 nri1842 ref ref cite journal author June CH title Adoptive T cell therapy for cancer in the clinic journal The Journal of Clinical Investigation volume 117 issue 6 pages 1466 76 year 2007 month June pmid 17549249 pmc 1878537 doi 10.1172 JCI32446 ref ref cite journal author Schmitt TM, Ragnarsson GB, Greenberg PD title T Cell Receptor Gene Therapy for Cancer journal Human Gene Therapy volume 20 issue 11 pages 1240 8 year 2009 month October pmid 19702439 pmc 2829456 doi 10.1089 hum.2009.146 ref or to promote tolerance in the setting of autoimmune ... JC, et al. title Adoptive celltransfer therapy following non myeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy ... e.g. Transfer regulatory T cell s to treat Type 1 diabetes and others. ref name Riley2009 References ... here automatically Reflist DEFAULTSORT Adoptive CellTransfer Category Cell biology cell biology stub ... cell therapy take a billion or so and call me in the morning journal Immunity volume 30 issue 5 ... I diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis . Uses To treat cancer The adoptive transfer of autologous ... author Johnson LA, Morgan RA, Dudley ME, et al. title Gene therapy with human and mouse T cell ... regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes journal Science volume ... more details
Altered NuclearTransfer is an alternative method of obtaining embryonic like, pluripotent stem cells without the creation and destruction of human embryos . The process was originally proposed by William B. Hurlbut Dr. William B. Hurlbut . External links http alterednucleartransfer.com index.php?page 4a&view 1 Explanation of the theory of Altered NuclearTransfer Category Biological techniques and tools Category Stem cells ... more details
unreferenced date August 2009 Expert subject Molecular and Cellular Biology date November 2008 A Nuclear Chain cell is a type of cell biology cell that is found in the human body. See also Nuclear chain fiber References reflist Category Human cells biology stub ... more details
PBB geneid 2649 The germ cellnuclear factor GCNF , also known as RTR retinoid receptor related testis associated receptor or NR6A1 nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1 , is a protein that in humans ... cellnuclear factor retinoid receptor related testis associated receptor and its differential regulation during embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation journal J. Mol. Endocrinol. volume 18 issue ... author S sens U, Borgmeyer U title Characterization of the human germ cellnuclear factor gene journal ... is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factor s . In adults, GCNH is expressed mainly in the germ cell s of gonad s and is involved in the regulation of embryogenesis and germ cell cellular differentiation differentiation . ref name pmid16155958 cite journal author Zechel C title The germ cellnuclear factor GCNF journal Mol. Reprod. Dev. volume 72 issue 4 pages ... author Greschik H, Sch le R title Germ cellnuclear factor an orphan receptor with unexpected properties ... orphan receptor germ cellnuclear factor retinoid receptor related testis associated receptor ... cloning of two closely related forms of human germ cellnuclear factor GCNF . journal Biochim. Biophys ... germ cellnuclear factor. journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume 19 issue 1 pages 690 703 year 1999 pmid ... interaction and differential expression of the human germ cellnuclear factor. journal Biochim ... receptor related testis associated receptor germ cellnuclear factor. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... S sens U, Borgmeyer U title Genomic structure of the gene for mouse germ cellnuclear factor GCNF ... of germ cellnuclear factor is dependent on the DNA binding domain. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... Yang G, Zhang YL, Buchold GM, et al. title Analysis of germ cellnuclear factor transcripts and protein ... R, Wetzel MG, et al. title Germ cellnuclear factor relieves cAMP response element modulator tau mediated ... be involved in neurogenesis and germ cell development. The protein can homodimerize and bind DNA, but in vivo ... more details
PBB geneid 5111 Proliferating CellNuclear Antigen , commonly known as PCNA , is a protein that acts ... 4 and on the X chromosome. ref name entrez Cite web title Entrez Gene PCNA proliferating cellnuclear ... cellnuclear antigen PCNA cyclin journal Embo J. volume 6 issue 3 pages 637 42 year 1987 pmid ... between human replication factor C and human proliferating cellnuclear antigen journal ... L title Two E2F elements regulate the proliferating cellnuclear antigen promoter differently during ... MK, Wood RD title Proliferating cellnuclear antigen is required for DNA excision repair journal Cell ..., Vermeulen W title Nuclear dynamics of PCNA in DNA replication and repair journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume ... cellnuclear antigen PCNA binding proteins in human cell lysates. Identification of the human ... month Nov. title Functional interaction of proliferating cellnuclear antigen with MSH2 MSH6 and MSH2 ... factor C carry out multiple functions essential for proliferating cellnuclear antigen dependent ... side of proliferating cellnuclear antigen journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 272 issue 3 pages 1769 .... title Interaction of CR6 GADD45gamma with proliferating cellnuclear antigen impedes negative growth ... interaction with the front side of proliferating cellnuclear antigen journal EMBO J. volume 17 issue ... to proliferating cellnuclear antigen PCNA and shares sequence elements with the PCNA binding regions ... 1996 month Oct. title p21Cip1 Waf1 disrupts the recruitment of human Fen1 by proliferating cellnuclear ... 1 and proliferating cellnuclear antigen involved in long patch base excision repair journal ... modified DNA and interacts with proliferating cellnuclear antigen journal Cancer Res. volume 59 issue ... Apr. title D type cyclin binding regions of proliferating cellnuclear antigen journal J. Biol ... coauthors Zhuang Qianli, Szyf Moshe year 2002 month Jun. title Proliferating cellnuclear antigen ... delta and proliferating cellnuclear antigen journal PNAS Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume ... more details
Wiktionary The term somatic from the Greek Lang el means of the body . ref cite web title Somatic on the free dictionary url http www.thefreedictionary.com somatic ref It is often used in biology to refer to the cells of the body in contrast to the cells in the germline which give rise to the gametes eggs or sperm . These somatic cells are diploid containing two copies of each chromosome, whereas the germ cells are haploid as they only contain one copy of each chromosome. Although under normal circumstances all somatic cells contain identical DNA, they develop a variety of tissue specific characteristics. This process is called differentiation cellular differentiation , through epigenetic and regulatory alterations. The grouping of like cells and tissues creates the foundation for organs. Somatic mutation s are changes to the genetics of a multicellular organism which are not passed on to its offspring through the germline. Many cancer s are somatic mutations. Somatic is also defined as relating to the wall of the body cavity, particularly as distinguished from the head, limbs or viscera . It is also used in the term somatic nervous system which is the portion of the vertebrate nervous system which regulates voluntary movements of the body. See also Somatics Soma biology References reflist Category Developmental biology developmental biology stub ... more details
PBB geneid 10002 The photoreceptor cell specific nuclear receptor PNR , also known as NR2E3 nuclear receptor ..., Taniwaki M, Yasuda K, Umesono K title Identification of a photoreceptor cell specific nuclear receptor ... J, Ferraz F, Yu Umesono R, Munnich A, Kaplan J title The photoreceptor cell specific nuclear receptor .... Cell Genet. volume 89 issue 3 4 pages 279 80 year 2000 pmid 10965145 doi 10.1159 000015635 cite journal author Gerber S, Rozet JM, Takezawa SI, et al. title The photoreceptor cell specific nuclear receptor ... 10.1073 pnas.96.9.4814 pmc 21774 ref PNR is a member of the nuclear receptor super family of intracellular ... AF, Stone EM, Sheffield VC, Jacobson SG title The nuclear receptor NR2E3 plays a role in human retinal ... R, Bennett J, Weleber RG, Fishman GA, Wright AF, Stone EM, Sheffield VC title Mutation of a nuclear receptor gene, NR2E3, causes enhanced S cone syndrome, a disorder of retinal cell fate journal Nat. Genet ... author Chen F, Figueroa DJ, Marmorstein AD, et al. title Retina specific nuclear receptor A potential ... AV, et al. title Mutation of a nuclear receptor gene, NR2E3, causes enhanced S cone syndrome, a disorder of retinal cell fate. journal Nat. Genet. volume 24 issue 2 pages 127 31 year 2000 pmid ... cone cell proliferation due to lack of a functional NR2E3 causes retinal dysplasia and degeneration ... doi 10.1093 hmg 10.16.1619 cite journal author Milam AH, Rose L, Cideciyan AV, et al. title The nuclear ... al. title Photoreceptor specific nuclear receptor NR2E3 functions as a transcriptional activator ... of photoreceptor specific nuclear receptor NR2E3 in rod photoreceptors of fetal human retina ... J title The rod photoreceptor specific nuclear receptor Nr2e3 represses transcription of multiple ... specific nuclear receptor Nr2e3 interacts with Crx and exerts opposing effects on the transcription .... title Global, in vivo, and site specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. journal Cell ... of the orphan nuclear receptor NR2E3 causes autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. journal Am. J ... more details
A somatic antigen is an antigen located in the cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacterium . ref somatic antigen. The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. 2007. Houghton Mifflin Company 29 Aug. 2010 http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com somatic antigen ref references See also Lipopolysaccharide bacteria stub Category Bacterial proteins Category Bacteriology ... more details
The lifestage at which a fungus lives, grows, and develops, gathering nutrients and energy. The fungi uses this stage to cell growth proliferate itself through asexual reproduction asexual ly created mitotic spores . Cycles through somatic hyphae, zoosporangium , zoospore s, encystation & germination , and back to somatic hyphae. References C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell, Introductory Mycology, 4 sup th sup ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004 ISBN 0 471 52229 5 Category Fungal morphology and anatomy fungus stub ... more details
from a leaf cell and coloured vacuole from a petal . Somatic fusion , also called protoplast fusion ... 2nd publisher Hodder Gibson year 2008 postscript None . ref The removal of the cell wall of one cell of each type of plant using cellulase enzyme to produce a somaticcell called a protoplast The cells ... togethor the nuclei. The resulting fused Cell nucleus nucleus is called heterokaryon . The somatic hybrid cell then has its cell wall induced to form using hormone s The cells are then grown into Callus cell biology calluses which then are further grown to plantlet s and finally to a full plant, known as a somatic hybrid . Different from the procedure for seed plants describe above, fusion of moss .... Book. ref . Applications in animal cells Somaticcell s of different types can be fused to obtain ... producing lymphocyte , etc. Chromosome mapping through somaticcell hybridization is essentially ... scheme for somaticcell hybridization may be described as follows. Appropriate human and mouse ... of Somatic Hybridization and Cybridization 1. Somaticcell fusion appears to be the only means through ... s. 3. Somaticcell fusion overcomes sexual incompatibility barriers. In some cases somatic hybrids ... together to form a new Hybrid biology hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid ... wheat triticum and rye secale to produce Triticale . Uses of somatic fusion include making potato ... GT and Austin S year 1986 title Somatic hybrids between Solanum brevidens and Solanum tuberosum expression of a late blight resistance gene and potato leaf roll resistance journal Plant Cell Rep. volume 5 issue 3 pages 212 214 doi 10.1007 BF00269122 ref . Through somatic fusion, the crop potato ... of both plants and is thus similar to polyploid plants. Process for plant cells The somatic fusion ... not form a Callus cell biology callus ref Solvey Rother, Birgit Hadeler, Jos M. Orsini, Wolfgang O. Abel, Ralf Reski 1994 Fate of a mutant macrochloroplast in somatic hybrids. Journal of Plant Physiology ... more details
A somatic epitype is a non heritable epigenetic alteration in a gene. It is similar to conventional epigenetics in that it does not involve changes in the DNA primary sequence. Physically, the somatic epitype corresponds to changes in DNA methylation , oxidative damage replacement of Guanosine triphosphate GTP with oxo 8 dGTP , or changes in DNA chromatin structure that are not reversed by normal cellular or nuclear repair mechanisms. Somatic epitypes alter gene expression levels without altering the amino acid sequence of the expressed protein. Current research suggests that somatic epitypes can be altered both before and after birth, and this alteration can be in response to exposure to heavy metals such as lead , differences in maternal care, or nutritional or behavioral stress. There is no indication that somatic epitypes are heritable in a conventional epigenetic fashion. Some research suggests that methylation levels and gene expression can be reversed for some somatic epitypes by alterations in environmental factors such as diet. See also Epigenetics Sources cite journal author Lahiri DK, Maloney B title Genes are not our destiny the somatic epitype bridges between the genotype and the phenotype journal Nature Rev Neurosci volume 7 issue 12 year 2006 doi 10.1038 nrn2022 c1 url http www.nature.com nrn journal v7 n12 full nrn2022 c1.html cite journal author Mathers JC title Nutritional modulation of ageing genomic and epigenetic approaches journal Mech. Ageing Dev. volume 127 issue 6 pages 584 9 year 2006 month June pmid 16513160 doi 10.1016 j.mad.2006.01.018 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0047 6374 06 00039 X biology stub Category DNA Category Epigenetics ... more details
Somatic hypermutation or SHM is a mechanism inside Cell biology cells that is part of the way the adaptive immune system immune system adapts to the new foreign elements that confront it for example, microbes . SHM diversifies the receptors used by the immune system to recognize foreign elements antigen s and allows the immune system to adapt its response to new threats during the lifetime of an organism. ref name Janeway2005 cite book author Janeway, C.A., Travers, P., Walport, M., Shlomchik, M.J. year 2005 title Immunobiology edition 6th publisher Garland Science isbn 0815341016 ref Somatic hypermutation ... Diversity and Somatic Hypermutation Thesis University of Leeds. ref Mistargeted somatic hypermutation is a likely mechanism in the development of B cell lymphoma s. ref name Odegard2006 cite journal ... of somatic hypermutation journal Nat. Rev. Immunol. volume 6 pages 573 583 pmid 16868548 issue 8 doi 10.1038 nri1896 ref Targeting When a B cell recognizes an antigen, it is stimulated to divide or cell growth proliferate . During proliferation, the B cell receptor Locus genetics locus undergoes an extremely high rate of somatic mutation that is at least SI prefix 10 sup 5 sup 10 sup 6 sup fold ... diversity through somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination journal Genes & Development ... somatic hypermutation. Trends in Immunology volume 30 pages 173 181 ref This directed hypermutation ... Immunoglobulin Somatic Hypermutation journal Annu. Rev. Genet. volume 41 pages 107 120 doi ... of Rad18 in somatic hypermutation journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA volume 103 pages 12081 86 ref ... either at the position of the deaminated cytosine itself or neighboring base pair s. During B cell ... specificity for the antigen, from which the B cell with highest Affinity pharmacology affinities for the antigen ... into plasma cell s producing antibody and long lived memory B cell s contributing to enhanced ... MeshName Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation Immune system Category Immune system ca Hipermutaci ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Somatic effort refers to the total investments of an organism in its own developmental biology development , Cellular differentiation differentiation , and Maintenance of an organism maintenance which consequently increases its Biological reproduction reproductive potential. DEFAULTSORT Somatic Effort Category Behavioral ecology Category Reproduction Biology stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Somatic Defilement Type studio Artist Whitechapel band Whitechapel Cover Whitechapel The Somatic Defilement.jpg Released July 31, 2007 Recorded 2007 at The Sound Lair in Knoxville, Tennessee Genre Deathcore Length 31 59 Label Candlelight Records Candlelight Producer Miah, Whitechapel Reviews About.com Rating 3.5 5 http heavymetal.about.com od cdreviews fr whitechapelsoma.htm link Allmusic Rating 3.5 5 Allmusic class album id r1087757 pure url yes link Metal Injection rating 5.5 10 http metalinjection.net blog 2007 10 29 cd review whitechapel the somatic defilement link Last album This album The Somatic Defilement br 2007 Next album This Is Exile br 2008 Misc The Somatic Defilement is the debut album by American deathcore band Whitechapel band Whitechapel . The album was released July 31, 2007 through Candlelight Records . Overview The Somatic Defilement is a concept album based on Jack the Ripper , in which all of the songs are first person narrative s of the murder slaughter and rape of prostitution prostitutes . The album is the only one to include Brandon Cagle as guitarist. He would later leave the band, because the injuries he received from a motorcycle accident left him unable to play his instrument. He was later replaced by Zach Householder. ref http www.metalunderground.com news details.cfm?newsid 31209 www.metalunderground.com Whitechapel part ways with guitarist Brandon Cagle ref The intro track, Necrotizing contains excerpts from a Stone Phillips interview with Jeffrey Dahmer . ref http www.youtube.com watch?v ErB0R4wlB64 Jeffrey Dahmer Interview Extended Footage shown at YouTube . ref Track listing tracklist collapsed no headline Tracks total length 31 59 title1 Necrotizing length1 0 35 title2 The Somatic Defilement length2 5 19 title3 Devirgination Studies length3 3 12 title4 Prostatic Fluid Asphyxiation ... References reflist Whitechapel DEFAULTSORT Somatic Defilement, The Category 2007 albums Category ... more details
Somatic psychology is an interdisciplinary field involving the study of the body, somatic experience, and the embodied self, including therapeutic and holistic approaches to body. The word somatic comes from the ancient Greek somat body . The word psychology comes from the ancient Greek psyche breath, soul hence mind and logia study . Body Psychotherapy is a general branch of this subject, whilst Somatherapy , Eco somatics and Dance therapy , for example, are specific branches of the subject. Somatic psychology is a field of study that bridges the Mind body dichotomy . Whilst Pierre Janet can perhaps be considered the first Somatic Psychologist due to his extensive psychotherapeutic studies and writings with significant reference to the body some of which pre date Freud , it was actually Wilhelm Reich who was the first person to bring body awareness systematically into psychoanalysis, and also the first psychotherapist to touch clients physically, working with their bodies. ref Boadella ... ref Reich was a significant influence in the founding of Body Psychotherapy or Somatic Psychology as it is often ... Psychotherapy and Somatic Psychology is of particular interest in trauma work. ref Moskowitz, A., Schafer ... practice and psychoanalysis has recognized the use of somatic resonance, embodied trauma, and similar ... a study and practice within the field of somatic psychology. ref Meekums, B. 2002 Dance Movement Therapy ... addressed in somatic psychology is the person s relation to and empathy with their own felt ... are used in somatic psychotherapy including sound, touch, mirroring, movement and breath. An individual ... of these early experiences, somatic psychology includes the non verbal qualities that mark most human ... language is the authentic expression of our true selves and of the strength of our vitality . Somatic ... history of clinical psychology points to somatic psychotherapy first practiced in Clinical Psychology ... studies of meditation Psychoneuroimmunology Hakomi Bioenergetics Somatic Experiencing Trager Approach ... more details
Somatic anxiety is anxiety provoked by bodily symptoms of tension such as butterflies in the stomach . It is commonly contrasted with cognitive anxiety which is that provoked by mental concerns or worry . These different components or dimensions of anxiety are especially studied in sports psychology . ref citation url http books.google.co.uk books?id MNldMfnlb0cC title Competitive anxiety in sport author Rainer Martens, Robin S. Vealey, Damon Burton pages 6 et seq. ref References reflist Additional references cite url http www.psychosomaticmedicine.org cgi content abstract 40 4 321 title Patterning of cognitive and somatic processes in the self regulation of anxiety effects of meditation versus exercise first GE last Schwartz first2 RJ last2 Davidson first3 DJ last3 Goleman journal Psychosomatic Medicine date June 1978 volume 40 number 4 pages 321 8 cite url http www.athleticinsight.com Vol4Iss2 Competitive State Anxiety.htm title Contrasting Concepts of Competitive State Anxiety in Sport Multidimensional Anxiety and Catastrophe Theories first Ivan M. last McNally journal Athletic Insight date August 2002 volume 4 number 2 pages 10 22 Category Anxiety ... more details
Somatic Experiencing is a form of therapy aimed at relieving and resolving the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder PTSD and other mental and physical trauma related health problems by focusing on the client s perceived body sensations or somatic experiences . It was introduced in Peter A. Levine Dr. Peter Levine s 1997 book Waking the Tiger . In it, he discusses at length his observations of animals in the wild, and how they deal with and recover from life threatening situations. He concludes that their behaviour gives us an insight into the biological healing process p.98 , and that the key to healing traumatic symptoms in humans lies in our being able to mirror the fluid adaption of wild animals p.17 18 as they avoid traumatization in reacting to life threatening situations. ref name Levine 97 Levine, Peter A. with Frederick, Ann Waking the Tiger. Healing Trauma. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, CA, 1997 ISBN 1 55643 233 X ref Theory The theory postulates that the symptoms of trauma are the effect of a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system ANS . It further postulates that the ANS has an inherent capacity to self regulate that is undermined by trauma, and that the inherent capacity to self regulate can be restored by the procedures of Somatic Experiencing. ref name Levine 2005 Levine, Peter A. Healing Trauma. A Pioneering Program for Restoring the Wisdom of Your Body ... Gendlin s Focusing . Practitioners of Somatic Experiencing are often also psychotherapists , Rolfing ... span years. Somatic Experiencing attempts to promote awareness and release of physical tension that proponents ... a Somatics Anthology . North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 2004 ref p.273 277 . Somatic Experiencing ... capacity to self regulate is believed to be restored. Somatic Experiencing is considered by its ..., Maryanna Victims of cruelty. Somatic Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ... for Human Enrichment Category Mind body interventions da Somatic Experiencing de Somatic ... more details
In Osteopathic medicine in the United States osteopathic medicine and osteopathy , somatic dysfunction is the impaired or altered function of bodily structures most often of the musculoskeletal system , nervous system , or lymphatic system treated by osteopathic manipulative medicine osteopathic manual therapy OMT . Diagnosis Somatic dysfunction is diagnosed by physical examination. The osteopathic physician looks for symptoms commonly represented by the mnemonic device TART Tissue texture change, Asymmetry, Restriction, and Tenderness . The physician uses techniques such as layer by layer palpation and intersegmental range of motion testing to make the diagnosis. Diagnosis usually requires only the use of the physician s hands and fingertips, though instruments such as a goniometer can be used to detect a diminished range of motion. The hallmark of a musculoskeletal somatic dysfunction diagnosis involves the detection of a restrictive barrier related the structure in question. The language of barriers refers to the point at which a structure cannot move further in a given direction. For example, a natural physiologic barrier of the arm represents the farthest that a person can naturally move their arm before it cannot be comfortably moved further. The anatomic barrier, then, is how far the arm can be pushed or pulled by an outside force before the arm becomes physically injured. A pathological or restrictive barrier represents the shortened range of motion to which the arm is confined because of an injury, spasm, or some other somatic dysfunction. The goal of treatment, then, is to restore ... of somatic dysfunctions may include occlusions or mutilations of vasculature or lymphatic vessels ... The physical manifestation of somatic dysfunction is frequently associated reciprocally with visceral ... may play some part. Citation needed date August 2010 Research Research in somatic dysfunction and the use ... DEFAULTSORT Somatic Dysfunction Category Osteopathy Category Manipulative therapy Category Osteopathic ... more details
selfref For Wikipedia s articles transfer to other sister projects, see m Help Transwiki Help Transwiki on Meta. wiktionarypar transferTransfer may refer to Transfer computing Transfer Croatian Television Show Transfer DNA , the transferred DNA of the tumor inducing Ti plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens Transfer group theory Transfer football Transfer function in mathematics Transfer of learning Transfer patent Transfer payment Transfer propaganda Transfer public transit , a ticket that allows a passenger to use multiple conveyances in a single trip Interchange station Transfer railway station , a railway station connecting two or more lines Balance transfer Call transfer Decal , a sticker Electron transfer Heat transfer Jacoby transfer , a bidding device in contract bridge Knowledge transfer Language transfer , where native language grammar and pronunciation influence the learning and use of a second language Manhattan Transfer disambiguation , several meanings Money transfer disambiguation Wire transfer Population transfer disambig de Transfer es Transferencia fr Transfert nl Transfer pl Transfer pt Transfer ncia ru sv Transfer uk ... more details
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