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Encyclopedia results for Solid state physics

Solid state physics





Encyclopedia results for Solid state physics

  1. Physics of the Solid State

    Infobox journal title Physics of the Solid State cover File PhysSolidStateCover.jpg discipline Physics peer reviewed abbreviation Phys. Solid State impact 0.721 impact year 2009 editor A.A. Kaplyanskii website http www.maik.ru cgi bin journal.pl?name physsost&page main publisher Pleiades Publishing country history frequency monthly formernames Soviet Physics Solid State ISSN 1063 7834 eISSN 1090 6460 CODEN PSOSED LCCN OCLC 35364153 Physics of the Solid State is a peer reviewed academic journal that publishes articles from researchers based at the Russian Academy of Sciences and other leading institutions in Russia. The journal is published by Pleiades Publishing and the online version is provided by the publisher Springer . Scope Articles published in the journal cover research from all areas of solid state physics including solid state optics, solid state acoustics, electronic and vibrational spectra, phase transition, ferroelectricity , magnetism , and superconductivity . Abstracting and indexing Physics of the Solid State is abstracted and indexed in the following databases Academic OneFile Academic Search Astrophysics Data System ADS EBSCO INSPEC International Bibliography of Periodical Literature IBZ Journal Citation Reports Chemical Abstracts Service CASSI Science Citation Index Web of Science Scopus External links Official http www.springer.com materials journal 11451 Springer http www.maik.ru cgi bin journal.pl?name physsost&page main Pleiades Publishing Journal website Category Physics journals Category Springer academic journals Category English language journals Category Monthly journals ...   more details



  1. Solid State Physics Laboratory

    Primarysources date March 2008 Infobox Laboratory name Solid State Physics Laboratory motto logo image established 1962 city Delhi research field type director Dr. R. Murlitharan staff budget operating agency DRDO affiliations address Lucknow Road, Timarpur, br Delhi 110 054 telephone campus website http www.drdo.nic.in labs ecs sspl index.shtml SSPL Home Page footnotes DRDO Laboratories Solid State Physics Laboratory SSPL is a laboratory under the Defence Research & Development Organization DRDO . Located in Delhi its primary function is research in the field of Solid State Materials, Devices and Sub systems. Their activities include development of semi conductor materials, solid state devices, electronic components sub systems and investigation of solid state materials devices for futuristic defence applications. ref cite web url http www.drdo.org labs sspl index.html title Solid State Physics Laboratory accessdate 2008 02 08 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20080131205958 http www.drdo.org labs sspl index.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2008 01 31 ref References reflist External links http www.iit.org DRDO Category Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories Category Research institutes in India Category Organisations based in Delhi sci org stub ...   more details



  1. Solid-state physics

    Solid state physics is the study of rigid matter , or solid s, through methods such as quantum mechanics ... physics . Solid state physics studies how the large scale properties of solid materials result from their atom ic scale properties. Thus, solid state physics forms the theoretical basis of materials ... metal s and ordinary Ice water ice or irregularly an amorphous solid such as common window glass . The bulk of solid state physics theory and research is focused on crystal s. Primarily, this is because ... and heat capacity are investigated by solid state physics. An early model of electrical conduction was the Drude model , which applied kinetic theory to the electron s in a solid. By assuming ... approximation, without which most solid state physics analysis would be intractable. Deviations ... theory . Modern research in solid state physics portal Physics Current research topics in solid state physics include Quasicrystal s Spin glass References commonscat Solid state physics Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin , Solid State Physics Harcourt publisher Harcourt Orlando, 1976 . Charles Kittel , Introduction to Solid State Physics Wiley New York, 2004 . H. M. Rosenberg, The Solid State ... State Physics , ed. Lillian Hoddeson, Ernest Braun, J rgen Teichmann, Spencer Weart Oxford Oxford University Press, 1992 . M. A. Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics Revised Printing, Addison Wesley ... s. Background Solid materials are formed from densely packed atoms, which interact intensely. These interactions produce the mechanical e.g. hardness and Elasticity physics elasticity , Heat ... bond ing. Finally, the noble gases do not undergo any of these types of bonding. In solid form ... charge cloud on each atom. The differences between the types of solid result from the differences ... crystals in a crystalline solid material vary depending on the material involved and the conditions ... the lattice Specific heat capacity heat capacity of a solid, as in the Einstein solid Einstein model ...   more details



  1. Computational chemical methods in solid state physics

    Computational chemical methods in solid state physics follow the same approach as they do for molecules, but with two differences. First, the translational symmetry of the solid has to be utilised, and second, it is possible to use completely delocalised basis functions such as plane waves as an alternative to the molecular atom centered basis set chemistry basis functions . The electronic structure of a crystal is in general described by a band structure , which defines the energies of electron orbitals for each point in the Brillouin zone . Ab initio and semi empirical calculations yield orbital energies, therefore they can be applied to band structure calculations. Since it is time consuming to calculate the energy for a molecule, it is even more time consuming to calculate them for the entire list of points in the Brillouin zone. Calculations can use the Hartree&ndash Fock method, some post Hartree&ndash Fock methods, particularly M ller&ndash Plesset perturbation theory to second order MP2 and density functional theory DFT . See also List of quantum chemistry and solid state physics software References Computational Chemistry , David Young, Wiley Interscience, 2001. Chapter 41, pg 318. The extensive references in that chapter provide further reading on this topic. Computational Chemistry and molecular modeling Principles and applications ,K.I.Ramachandran, G.Deepa and Krishnan namboori P.K., http www.amrita.edu cen ccmm Springer Verlag GmbH ISBN 978 3 540 77302 3 chem stub physics stub Category Computational chemistry Category Theoretical chemistry Category Computational science Category Condensed matter physics ar fr Chimie num rique M thodes de chimie num rique dans les syst mes solides ...   more details



  1. Effective mass (solid-state physics)

    In solid state physics , a particle s effective mass is the mass it seems to carry in the semiclassical model of transport in a crystal . It can be shown that electron s and electron hole holes in a crystal respond to electric field electric and magnetic field s almost as if they were particles with a mass dependence in their direction of travel, an effective mass tensor . ref name Kittel0 cite book title Introduction to Solid State Physics author Charles Kittel page Eq. 29, p. 210 year 1996 edition 7th Edition url http books.google.com books?as isbn 0471111813 publisher Wiley isbn 0 471 11181 3 ref In a simplified picture that ignores crystal anisotropies, they behave as free particles in a vacuum, but with a different mass. This mass is usually stated in units of the ordinary mass of an electron m sub e sub 9.11× 10 small sup 31 sup small kilogram kg . In these units it is usually in the range 0.01 to 10, but can also be lower or higher, for example reaching 1000 in exotic heavy fermion materials, and reaching 0 at the so called Dirac points in graphene . The effective mass has important effects on the properties of a solid, including everything from the efficiency of a solar cell to the speed of an integrated circuit. Image Silicon conduction band ellipsoids.JPG thumb 250px Constant energy ellipsoids in silicon near the six conduction band minima. The longitudinal and transverse effective masses are m sub sub 0.92 m and m sub t sub 0.19 m with m the free electron mass. ref name Kittel1 cite book author Charles Kittel title op. cit. page 216 isbn 0 471 11181 3 ref Definition When an electron is moving inside a solid material, the force between other atoms will affect its movement and it will not be described by Newton s law. So we introduce the concept of effective ... 1.44 m sub e sub td tr table ref S.Z. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, ISBN 0 471 05661 8 ... links http www.ioffe.rssi.ru SVA NSM Semicond NSM archive Category Condensed matter physics ...   more details



  1. List of quantum chemistry and solid state physics software

    in solid state physics Solid state system programs with periodic boundary conditions. Valence bond ... 2001 location New York pages 322 359 isbn 0 471 33368 9 DEFAULTSORT Quantum Chemistry And Solid State Physics Software Category Density functional theory Category Computational chemistry software Category Molecular modelling software Category Physics software Category Lists of software it Lista di ...   more details



  1. Solid state

    Solid state may refer to In science Solid state chemistry Solid state physics Solid state laser Solid matter In electronics Solid state electronics , circuits built of solid materials Solid state fan Solid state relay , an electronic switch built of solid materials Solid state drive , data storage device components that uses memory chips, such as SDRAMs, to store data Solid state ionics is the study of solid electrolytes In music Solid State Survivor , a 1979 album by the Japanese band Yellow Magic Orchestra Solid State Records , a Christian Metal Metalcore label Solid State Records jazz label Solid State , a song by Combustible Edison from their 1996 album Schizophonic Combustible Edison album Schizophonic disambig ko nl Solid state ...   more details



  1. State (physics)

    In physics , the term state is used in several related senses, each expressing something about the way a physical system ontology is . In the sense state of matter , state describes the organization of matter in a phase matter phase . In classical mechanics , state is a complete description of a system in terms of parameters such as positions and momentums at a particular moment in time. In quantum mechanics , state is a mathematical object that fully describes a quantum system and determines all its observables . Quantum states are described by vectors in representations where all vectors that are scalar multiples of each other point in the same or exact opposite direction describe the same state. In thermodynamics , a thermodynamic state state is the specification of a combination of properties e.g. temperature, pressure, and composition of a thermodynamic system system that describe the system in such detail that the system can be reproduced in experiments. An equation of state describes the way certain properties are interdependent for a particular composition. A microstate is a detailed description of a collection of atoms or other particles. A mixed state is an experimentally reproducible condition that is a statistical average of pure states . Pure states are states that cannot be described as mixtures of other states. A thermodynamic state is a mixture of microstates . Quantum states can be either mixed or pure. In mathematical modeling of dynamical systems dynamic systems , sets of values for the variables in the model equations may be called states of the system. The term state is sometime used as a synonym for a moment in time , a point in time, or a single instant. The universe as a whole can be thought of as having a unique state in the quantum or classical mechanical sense at a given moment in time. See also State computer science Excited state Stationary state disambig Category Fundamental physics concepts de Zustand pt Estado f sica ru sv Tillst nd ...   more details



  1. Solid State Communications

    Infobox Journal title Solid State Communications cover editor discipline language English language English abbreviation publisher Elsevier country USA frequency history openaccess license impact 1.837 impact year 2009 website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 230 description link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 0038 1098 eISSN Solid State Communications is scientific journal publishished by Elsevier since 1962, specialised in short papers on significant developments in the condensed matter science. Category Optics journals Optical Society of America A, Journal of physics journal stub ...   more details



  1. Solid state (electronics)

    , Solid state physics , pp.1 3, Cambridge University Press, 1985 ISBN 0521313910. ref ref Richard ...NOTOC Other uses Solid state disambiguation Solid state electronics are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electron s, or other charge carrier s, are confined entirely within the solid material. ref Martin H. Weik, Fiber optics standard dictionary , p.937, Birkh user, 1997 ISBN 0412122413. ref The term is often used to contrast with the earlier technologies of vacuum tube vacuum and gas discharge tube devices and it is also conventional to exclude electro mechanical devices relay s, switches, hard drive s and other devices with moving parts from the term solid state. ref Lawrence J. Kamm, Understanding electro mechanical engineering ,p.174, John Wiley ... Professional, 1998 ISBN 0070596301. ref While solid state can include crystalline , polycrystalline ... ISBN 0072505036. ref Common solid state devices include transistor s, microprocessor chips, and DRAM . DRAM devices are used in computers , flash drives and more recently, solid state drives to replace ... diode LED , and the liquid crystal display LCD have evolved as further examples of solid state devices. In a solid state component, the Electric current current is confined to solid elements and compounds .... For data storage, solid state devices are much faster and more reliable but are usually more expensive. Although solid state costs continually drop, disks, tapes, and optical disk s also continue to improve their cost performance ratio. The first solid state device was the cat s whisker detector, first used in 1930s radio receivers. A whisker like wire was moved around on a solid crystal such as a germanium ... solid state Free dictionary ref The solid state device came into its own with the invention of the transistor ... cite book title Netbook Trends and Solid State Technology Forecast publisher pricegrabber.com pages ... 2009 01 28 Category Electronics terms Category Semiconductors de Solid State Elektronik ja ...   more details



  1. Solid-state lighting

    Image E27 with 38 LCD.JPG thumb 200px LED lamp with E27 Edison screw . Solid state lighting SSL refers to a type of lighting that uses light emitting diode semiconductor light emitting diode s LEDs , organic light emitting diode s OLED , or Polymer light emitting diode Polymer light emitting diodes polymer light emitting diode s PLED as sources of illumination rather than electrical filament s, Plasma physics plasma used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps , or gas lighting gas . The term Solid state electronics solid state refers commonly to light emitted by solid state electroluminescence, as opposed to incandescent bulbs which use thermal radiation or fluorescent tubes. Compared to incandescent .... Most common white LEDs convert blue light from a solid state device to an approximate white light ... small mass of a solid state electronic lighting device provides for greater resistance to shock ... device. Solid state lighting is often used in traffic light s and is also used frequently in modern ... DOE SSL roadmap http www.solidstatelightingdesign.com Solid State Lighting Design http www.solidstatelighting.org Solid State Lighting.org http scitation.aip.org journals doc PHTOAD ft vol 54 iss 12 42 1.shtml The Promise and Challenge of Solid State Lighting http www.lrc.rpi.edu programs solidstate index.asp Lighting Research Center Solid State Lighting Program http www.olla project.org OLLA finished ... successor to the OLLA project Keith Scott, http www.greentechmedia.com articles read solid state lighting trends for 2010 Four Solid State Lighting Trends for 2010 , Greentech Media , January 13, 2010 ... Category Light emitting diodes ca Il luminaci d estat s lid de Solid State Lighting es Iluminaci n de estado s lido ko id Lampu padat nl Solid state lighting ru ... etc. ref http sustainca.org techshowcase ssl case studies California Sustainability Alliance Solid State Lighting , Received July 24th, 2010 ref See also LED lamp List of light sources L Prize References ...   more details



  1. Solid state dye lasers

    Solid state dye laser s SSDL were introduced in 1967 by Soffer and McFarland. ref cite journal doi 10.1063 1.1754804 title Continuously Tunable, Narrow Band Organic Dye Lasers year 1967 last1 Soffer first1 B. H. last2 McFarland first2 B. B. journal Applied Physics Letters volume 10 pages 266 ref In these solid state laser s, the gain medium is a laser dye doped organic matrix such as poly methyl methacrylate PMMA , rather than a liquid solution of the dye. These authors used rhodamine 6G doped PMMA. In the 1990s, new forms of improved PMMA, such as modified PMMA, with high optical quality characteristics were introduced. ref cite journal doi 10.1364 AO.34.001516 title Solid state dye laser with modified ... to the demonstration of the first tunable narrow linewidth solid state dye multiple prism grating laser ... title Solid state multiple prism grating dye laser oscillators year 1994 last1 F. J. Duarte Duarte ... pmid 18324163 title Multiple prism grating solid state dye laser oscillator optimized architecture ... Additional developments in solid state dye lasers were demonstrated with the introduction of distributed ... feedback solid state dye laser with a dynamic grating year 1999 last1 Wadsworth first1 W. J ... in the 21st century, and various new dye doped solid state organic matrices have been discovered .... ref cite journal doi 10.1364 OL.28.002088 pmid 14587824 title Tunable solid state lasers incorporating ... dye doped solid state laser gain media are the ormosil ORMOSILs . ref name D1994 ref name TLA4 ... Reflist External links http www.opticsjournal.com laseroscillators.htm Refereed papers on solid state dye laser oscillators DEFAULTSORT Solid State Dye Lasers Category Laser types ... Physics B volume 69 issue 2 pages 163 169 ref ref cite journal doi 10.1364 AO.39.003104 title Distributed ... isbn 1 4200 6009 0 oclc doi accessdate author Costela, A. Garcia Moreno, I. Sastre, R. chapter Solid state dye lasers pages http www.opticsjournal.com tla.htm 97 120 ref ref name TLA4 cite book editor ...   more details



  1. Solid-state laser

    A solid state laser is a laser that uses a active laser medium gain medium that is a solid , rather than a liquid such as in dye laser s or a gas as in gas laser s. Semiconductor based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid state lasers see Semiconductor laser . Solid state media Further List of laser types Solid state lasers List of laser types Generally, the active medium of a solid state laser consists of a glass or crystal line host material to which is added a dopant such as neodymium , chromium , erbium , or other ions. Many of the common dopants are rare earth element s, because the excited states of such ions are not strongly coupled with thermal vibrations of the crystalline lattice phonon s , and the lasing threshold can be reached at relatively low brightness of laser pumping pump . There are many hundreds of solid state ... due to their low efficiency. Er YAG laser s lase in the mid infrared. Some solid state lasers ..., or a combination of these. ref N. P. Barnes, Transition metal solid state lasers, in Tunable Lasers ... damage threshold. Pumping Further Laser pumping Solid state lasing media are typically optical ... solid state laser s tend to be much more efficient, and have become much more common as the cost of high power semiconductor lasers has decreased. Mode locking Mode locking of solid state laser had ... achieved. ref name han Applications Expand section date June 2008 Solid state lasers are being developed ... ref See also Fiber laser Disk laser Laser construction Solid state dye lasers soliton vector soliton dissipative soliton Notes and references reflist 2 cite book author Koechner, Walter title Solid State Laser Engineering publisher Springer year 1999 edition 5th isbn 3 540 65064 4 Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT Solid State Laser Category Solid state lasers ca L ser d estat s lid de ... journal Applied Physics Letters volume 95 page P141103 url http www3.ntu.edu.sg home2006 zhan0174 apl.pdf ...   more details



  1. Solid-state chemistry

    not all cases new solid compounds are further characterized ref cf. Chapter 2 of New directions in Solid State Chemistry . C.N.R. Rao and J. Gopalakrishnan. Cambridge U. Press 1997 ISBN 0 521 49559 8 ref by a variety of techniques that straddle the fine line that hardly separates solid state chemistry from solid state physics. Optical properties For non metallic materials it is often possible ...Mergefrom crystal chemistry date August 2008 Solid state chemistry, also sometimes referred to as materials chemistry , is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non molecular solids. It therefore has a strong overlap with solid state physics , mineralogy , crystallography , ceramic s, metallurgy , thermodynamics , materials science and electronics with a focus on the synthesis of novel materials and their characterization. History Because of its direct relevance to products of commerce, solid state inorganic ... in the solid state was advanced considerably by Carl Wagner s work on oxidation rate theory, counter ... of solid state chemistry . ref For a historical perspective, cf. Pierre Teissier, L mergence ... Synthetic methods Given the diversity of solid state compounds, an equally diverse array of methods ref Chapter 2 of Solid state chemistry and its applications. Anthony R. West. John Wiley & Sons 2003 ... of the reactants, but this depends strongly on the system studied. Some solid state reactions already ... 3.091 , Introduction to Solid State Chemistry BranchesofChemistry DEFAULTSORT Solid State Chemistry Category Solid state chemistry ar bn be ... way to find which stoichiometries will lead to new solid compounds or to solid solutions between known ones. A prime method to characterize the reaction products is powder diffraction , because many solid state reactions will produce polycristalline ingots or powders. Powder diffraction will facilitate ...   more details



  1. Solid-state ionics

    Solid state ionics is the study of solid electrolytes and their uses. Some materials that fall into this category include inorganic crystalline and polycrystalline solids, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and composites. Solid state ionic devices, such as solid oxide fuel cell s can be much more reliable and long lasting, especially under harsh conditions, than comparable devices with fluid electrolytes. ref http ebooks.worldscinet.com ISBN 9789812702586 9789812702586.shtml Solid State Ionics The Science and Technology of Ions in Motion ref Current research in solid state ionics includes primary and appllications research in Asia and largely automotive industry driven research in the United States and Europe. Some applications research in America is being underwritten by the United States Department of Defense Department of Defense . References Reflist Category Electrochemistry sci stub ...   more details



  1. Solid State Records

    This article is about the metal subdivison of Tooth & Nail Records for the 1960s jazz label see Solid State Records jazz label infobox record label name Solid State Records image Image Solidstaterecordslogo.png center 100px image bg white parent EMI founded 1997 founder Brandon Ebel distributor Tooth & nail Records Tooth & Nail genre Metalcore , post hardcore , Christian metal , Christian hardcore country United States US location url http www.solidstaterecords.com solidstaterecords.com Solid State Records is a Christian record label , a division of Tooth & Nail Records . Unlike Tooth & Nail, Solid State signs hardcore and metal bands. ref http www.solidstaterecords.com about ref Like Tooth & Nail, Solid State is primarily a Christian label. However, they have signed several bands that don t label themselves as Christian, including Stretch Arm Strong , ref http www.punknews.org article 7594 ref Gwen Stacy band Gwen Stacy , ref http goawayjakedenning.tumblr.com post 862212738 gwenstacy ref He Is Legend , ref http www.absolutepunk.net showthread.php?t 172787 ref The Famine , ref http www.buzzgrinder.com 2011 the famine interview part 2 ref and Training For Utopia . ref http www.noisecreep.com 2010 03 19 demon hunter embrace their christian band status ref While these bands have had Christian members, they do not cite themselves as Christian bands. Current Solid State artists Advent band Advent As They Sleep The Ascendicate August Burns Red Becoming the Archetype Demon Hunter Emery band Emery small Solid State Tooth & Nail Records Tooth & Nail small ref http www.solidstaterecords.com news 3468 Welcome Emery To The Solid State Family ref The Famine Living Sacrifice MyChildren ... small Solid State Tooth & Nail small Former Solid State bands Active Blindside INO Records The Chariot ... Christian hardcore de Solid State Records es Solid State Records it Solid State Records no Solid State Records pl Solid State Records pt Solid State Records sv Solid State Records ...   more details



  1. Solid state relay

    A solid state relay SSR is an electronic switching device in which a small control signal controls a larger load current or voltage. It comprises a voltage or current sensor which responds to an appropriate input control signal , a solid state electronic switching device of some kind which switches power to the load circuitry either on or off, and some coupling mechanism to enable the control signal to activate this switch without mechanical parts. The relay may be designed to switch either AC or DC to the load. It serves the same function as an electromechanical relay , but has no moving parts . Coupling methods The control signal must be coupled to the controlled circuit in a way which isolates the two circuits electrically. Optical coupling Image SolidStateRelay Diagram.svg thumb right Bi directional solid state relay with opto isolation. Many SSRs use optical coupling. The control voltage ... mechanical relays Most of the relative advantages of solid state and electromechanical relays are common to all solid state as against electromechanical devices. SSRs are faster than electromechanical ... Reverse Recovery time Trr due to the presence of Body diode Images Solid state relays valign center Image Solid state relay.jpg thumb 120x120px valign center Image Solid state relays.jpg thumb 120x120px ... pgate3.gif thumb 120x120px External links http www.opto22.com documents 0859 Solid State Relays data sheet.pdf Solid State Relays Selection Guide and Application Tips http www.geofex.com Article Folders ... appnotes solid state relay terminology.htm Solid state relay glossary of terminology http zone.ni.com devzone cda tut p id 4125 National Instruments Solid State Relays Roy Mankovitz Solid State Relay Inventor and Early Patents DEFAULTSORT Solid State Relay Category Solid state switches Category Relay switches cs Solid state rel ko hu Szil rdtest rel nl Halfgeleiderrelais ja ... always conducting state that does not depend on switching input. Electromechanical relays do not depend ...   more details



  1. Solid-state fan

    A solid state fan is a device used to produce an airflow with no moving parts . Such a device may use the principle of electro aerodynamic pumping , which is based on corona discharge . It has advantages over mechanical fans such as that it is noiseless and more reliable. References Unreferenced date July 2010 references references Category Cooling technology tech stub ...   more details



  1. Solid-state battery

    In solid state ionics , a solid state battery is a battery electricity battery that has both solid electrodes and Fast ion conductor solid electrolytes . As a group, these materials are very good conductors of ion s but are essentially Insulator electrical insulating toward electron s, properties that are prerequisites for any electrolyte . The high ionic conductivity minimizes the internal resistance of the battery, thus permitting high power densities, while the high Electrical resistance electronic resistance minimizes its self discharge rate, thus enhancing its shelf life. Examples of such materials include Ag sub 4 sub RbI sub 5 sub for Silver Ag sup sup conduction, Lithium iodide LiI Aluminium oxide Al sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub mixtures for Lithium Li sup sup conduction, and the clay and alumina group of compounds NaAl sub 11 sub O sub 17 sub for Sodium Na sup sup and other mono and divalent ions. At room temperature the ionic conductivity of a single crystal of sodium alumina is 0.035 S cm, comparable to the conductivity of a 0.1 M Hydrochloric acid HCl solution . This conductivity, however, is reduced in a battery by a factor of 2 5, because of the use of powdered or ceramic material rather than single crystals. Glass y and polymer ic materials that can be readily made in thin film form, thus enhancing the rate capability of the overall system, are of increasing interest in the industry. Solid state batteries generally fall into the low Specific power power density and high energy density category. The former limitation arises because of the difficulty of getting high currents across solid solid Interface chemistry interfaces . However, these batteries do have certain advantages that outweigh this disadvantage They are easy to miniaturize for example, they can be constructed in thin film form , and there is no problem with electrolyte leakage. They tend to have very long shelf lives, and usually do not have any abrupt changes in performance with temperature, such as might ...   more details



  1. UNIVAC Solid State

    The UNIVAC Solid State was a 2 address, bi quinary coded decimal computer, with memory on a rotating drum memory drum with 5000 signed 10 digit words, spinning at 17,667 RPM in a helium atmosphere. It was announced by Sperry Rand in December 1958, as a response to the IBM 650 . It came in two versions the Solid State 80 IBM style 80 column cards and the Solid State 90 Remington Rand 90 column cards . With 20 vacuum tube s, 700 transistor s, and 3000 FERRACTOR amplifier s in its Central processing unit CPU , the Solid State was one of the first computers to use Solid state electronics solid state components. The system used a clock derived from a timing band recorded on the main storage drum. This signal was read and amplified, processed and sent to the driver tubes, a pair of 6146 power pentode output tubes. The output from these 6146 tubes then fed the main clock power amplifier consisting of six 4CX250B metal ceramic power tetrode tubes running in push pull parallel, yielding an output of a kilowatt. The SS80 90 computer could be heard quite clearly in the AM broadcast band at 707kHz and 1414kHz. The 4CX250B Tetrodes used a grounded plate anode due to forced aircooling requirements. Interestingly, this tube is still in demand by amateur radio operators. The power supply output was 1.6KV for cathode supply and 800V screen grid supply at 1.8A capacity. The supply weighed nearly 100 pounds and was mounted at the very top of the power supply stack. The line printer Line Printer ran at 600 lines per minute, using a continuously rotating print drum technology, with letters, figures and punctuation marks distributed around the drum at each column. A row of solenoid operated flat ... History Newsletter. Volume 1, Number 2, December 1992 revised 1999 The UNIVAC Solid State Computer http www.bitsavers.org pdf univac uss Univac Solid State Manuals and documentation Category UNIVAC mainframe computers Solid State Category Early computers Category 1958 introductions Category Magnetic ...   more details



  1. Solid State Warrior

    Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Solid State Warrior Type Album Artist Roger Joseph Manning Jr. Cover Roger Joseph Manning Jr Solid State Warrior.jpg Released March 2, 2006 Recorded Genre Power pop Length 48 07 Label Pony Canyon Producer Roger Joseph Manning Jr. Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r831654 pure url yes link HighBias.com http www.highbias.com reviews 20050410 long3.html link Last album This album Solid State Warrior br 2006 Next album Land of Pure Imagination, The The Land of Pure Imagination br 2006 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption CD booklet cover Type studio Cover Roger Joseph Manning Jr Solid State Warrior Booklet Cover .jpg Lower caption Extra album cover Upper caption Weedshare cover Type studio Cover Roger Joseph Manning Jr Solid State Warrior Weedshare Cover .jpg Lower caption Solid State Warrior is the debut album by Roger Joseph Manning Jr. , a Compact Disc CD available only in Japan which was released on March 2, 2006. The album had previously been available online through the now defunct Weedshare music distribution service, being released on March 28, 2005. Track listing CD PCCY 01764 All songs written by Roger Joseph Manning Jr. The Land Of Pure Imagination 6 01 Too Late For Us Now 3 23 Wish It Would Rain 5 42 The Loser 3 36 Sandman 3 35 What You Don t Know About The Girl 2 49 Dragonfly 5 20 Creeple People 5 28 Sleep Children 2 47 You Were Right 5 42 Til We Meet Again 3 44 Personnel Musicians Roger Joseph Manning Jr. music and Singer lyrics Production Record producer Produced by Roger Joseph Manning Jr. Audio mixing recorded music Mixed and Audio mastering mastered by John Paterno Roger Joseph Manning Jr. Category 2006 albums Category Debut albums Category Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. albums ...   more details



  1. Solid State Survivor

    Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Solid State Survivor Type Album Artist Yellow Magic Orchestra Cover YMO SolidStateSurvivor.jpg Released 25 September 1979 Recorded Genre Electropop Length 32 23 Label Alfa Records Producer Haruomi Hosono Reviews Allmusic Rating 4.5 5 Allmusic class album id r181170 pure url yes link Last album Yellow Magic Orchestra album Yellow Magic Orchestra br 1978 This album Solid State Survivor br 1979 Next album Public Pressure br 1980 Misc Singles Name Solid State Survivor Type studio Single 1 Technopolis Single 1 date 1979 Single 2 Rydeen Single 2 date 1980 Single 3 Behind the Mask Single 3 date 1980 Solid State Survivor was the second album of Yellow Magic Orchestra . It contains one of their best known songs, Rydeen . Behind the Mask became known to a wider audience due to a cover by Eric Clapton . It was also covered by Greg Phillinganes with added lyrics by Michael Jackson beforehand he later joined Clapton s backing band . Solid State Survivor was never released in the United States , but several songs from this album were compiled for release in the States as the US pressing of x Multiplies Multiplies . It is only one of a handful of YMO albums in which the track titles do not have a Japanese equivalent. This was YMO s most successful album in Japan. It was the best selling album in the Oricon LP Chart for 1980, beating Chiharu Matsuyama s nihongo3 Kish tenketsu Godiego s nihongo Magic Monkey Saiy ki was best seller for 1979. In 1980 the album won a nihongo Best Album Award Besuto Arubamu Sh in the 22nd Japan Record Award s ref http www.jacompa.or.jp rekishi s1959.htm ref . Track listing tracklist writing credits yes headline Side one title1 Technopolis length1 4 14 writer1 Ryuichi Sakamoto title2 Absolute ... title4 Solid State Survivor length4 3 58 writer4 Chris Mosdell Takahashi Personnel Ryuichi Sakamoto ... Makoto Ayukawa Guitar on Day Tripper and Solid State Survivor Sandii Voices on Absolute Ego Dance ...   more details



  1. Solid state reaction route

    Multiple issues orphan September 2010 Solid State Reaction Route is the most widely used method for the preparation of polycrystalline solid s from a mixture of solid starting materials. Solids do not Chemical reaction react together at room temperature over normal time scales and it is necessary to heat them to much higher temperatures, often to 1000 to 1500 sup 0 sup C in order for the reaction to occur at an appreciable rate. The factors on which the feasibility and rate of a solid state reaction include, reaction conditions, structural properties of the reactants, surface area of the solids, their Reactivity chemistry reactivity and the thermodynamic free energy change associated with the reaction. ref Solid State Chemistry and its Applications , Anthony R. West, Wiley and Sons, 2005 ref ref Preparative methods in Solid State Chemistry , B. Gerand, G. Nowogrocki, J. Guenot, M. Figlarz, Academic press ref Outline of the experimental procedure Reagents These are the solid reactants from which it is proposed to prepare a solid crystalline compound. The selection of reactant chemicals depends on the reaction conditions and expected nature of the product. The reactants are dried thoroughly prior to weighing. As increase in surface area enhances the reaction rate, fine grained materials should be used if possible. Mixing After the reactants have been weighed out in the required amounts, they are mixed together. For manual mixing of small quantities, usually an agate mortar and pestle are employed. Sufficient amount of some Volatile organic compound volatile organic liquid preferably acetone or alcohol is added to the mixture to aid homogenization. This forms a paste which is mixed thoroughly. During the process of grinding and mixing, the organic liquid gradually volatilizes and has usually evaporated completely after 10 to 15 minutes. For quantities much larger than 20g, mechanical mixing is usually adopted using a ball mill and the process may take several hours. Container ...   more details



  1. Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster

    lead too short date July 2010 nofootnotes date July 2010 The Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster SSPC ref http www.ul.ie sspc ref is a Science Foundation Ireland SFI ref http www.sfi.ie investments achievements research showcase solid state pharmaceuticals cluster ref strategic research cluster established in 2007 with funding of 6.97 million and currently comprises 39 researchers. The cluster is a collaboration between Universities Researchers and Pharmaceutical companies in Ireland. The academic contributors are University of Limerick , National University of Ireland, Galway , Trinity College Dublin , University College Dublin and University College Cork . The Pharmaceutical Company members are Janssen, Schering Plough, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe and Dohme, Roche, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Clarochem, Hovione and Bristol Myers Squibb. The cluster was officially launched on July 4, 2008 at the University of Limerick, Ireland. The brief was to carry out applied research in the area of Pharmaceutical Crystallization. The cluster has developed a Best Practice in Crysatallization website BPX ref http www.bpx.ie ref which the Irish Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Mary Coughlan TD, launched on the 6th of November 2009 at the Materials & Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick. The formation of BPX.ie is a result of the combined efforts of academic and industrial members of the SSPC, working together to define the current state of the art in pharmaceutical crystallization. External links references 1 http www.ul.ie sspc 2 http www.bpx.ie 3 http www.sfi.ie investments achievements research showcase solid state pharmaceuticals cluster Related Press Articles 1 http www.independent.ie business irish cluster to boost drug industry research 1428065.html 2 http www.biotechnologyireland.com pooled articles BF NEWSART view.asp 3 http www.siliconrepublic.com news article 14352 randd ul creates worlds first best practice web portal for pharma Category Education in the Republic ...   more details



  1. Solid State Rhyme

    Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Solid State Rhyme Type Album Artist Johnny Diesel Diesel Cover Released 1995 Recorded 1994 Genre Hard rock Length 47 53 Label EMI Records Producer Diesel and Craig Porteils Reviews Last album The Lobbyist 1992 This album Solid State Rhyme br 1995 Next album Short Cool Ones Diesel album Short Cool Ones br 1996 This is an album by the Australian solo artist Johnny Diesel Mark Lizotte with 13 tracks, released in 1995. Track listing Chill Pill Get It On Love Again All Come Together Diesel Davies You Sacred Cow Make It Right Still Thinking About Your Love 15 Feet Of Snow Come If You Dare Bad Seed Blur Time All tracks written by Diesel except where stated. Personnel Category 1995 albums Category Johnny Diesel albums ...   more details




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