and rectum and into the sigmoid colon. Inset shows patient on table having a sigmoidoscopy. Interventions ... 1 651 OtherCodes Refimprove date June 2011 Sigmoidoscopy From Greeks Greek Sigma eidos scopy, to look ... intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon anatomy colon . There are two types of sigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy , which uses a flexible endoscopy endoscope , and rigid sigmoidoscopy , which uses a rigid device. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is generally the preferred procedure. A sigmoidoscopy is similar to, but not the same as, a colonoscopy . A sigmoidoscopy only examines up to the sigmoid ... large bowel. Flexible sigmoidoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy enables the physician to look at the inside ... in the descending colon and rectum. With flexible sigmoidoscopy, the physician can see intestinal .... Flexible sigmoidoscopy is not sufficient to detect polyps or cancer in the ascending or transverse ... section of the large intestine can be examined using sigmoidoscopy, the sites which can be observed ... for testing. Bleeding and puncture of the colon are possible complications of sigmoidoscopy. However, such complications are uncommon. Flexible sigmoidoscopy takes 10 to 20 minutes. During the procedure ... empty for flexible sigmoidoscopy to be thorough and safe, thus the patient must drink only clear ... the level of the splenic flexure . Rigid sigmoidoscopy Commented out because image was deleted ... proctoscope. Rigid sigmoidoscopy no longer has the value it had in the past, before the advent of videocolonoscopy flexible sigmoidoscopy . However, it may be still useful in ano rectal diseases such as bleeding ... . Benefits of Sigmoidoscopy Several studies have shown the benefits of sigmoidoscopy in detecting ... cancer seven years after flexible sigmoidoscopy screening Randomised controlled trial year ... last9 Duffy first9 SW title Once only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer ... 6736 10 60551 X journal Lancet ref showed sigmoidoscopy reduced overall colorectal cancer incidence ... more details
Instruments used specially in Gastroenterology are as follows Forcetoc Expand list date August 2008 Instrument list class wikitable Instrument Uses Gastroscope Used to perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD OGD Duodenoscope Used to perform Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP Enteroscope Used to perform Enteroscopy push enteroscopy Colonoscope Used to perform colonoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscope Used to perform Sigmoidoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy flexible sigmoidoscopy Rigid sigmoidoscope Used to perform Sigmoidoscopy Rigid sigmoidoscopy rigid sigmoidoscopy Ultrasound endoscope Used to perform endoscopic ultrasound EUS Video capsule Used to perform Capsule endoscopy video capsule enteroscopy Endoscopy snare Used to perform polypectomy and Endoscopic foreign body retrieval endoscopic foreign body removal Band ligator Used to perform Banding medical variceal band ligation Sengstaken Blakemore tube Used in the management of bleeding esophageal varices Balloon dilator Used to perform Esophageal dilatation esophageal balloon dilatation , pyloric dilatation or ileocolonic dilatation Savary Gilliard dilator Used to perform Esophageal dilatation esophageal bougie dilatation Heater probe Used to perform endoscopic heater probe thermocoagulation of bleeding blood vessels APC unit Used to perform endoscopic Argon plasma coagulation PEG tube Used to perform percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Menghini needle or Tru Cut needle Used to perform Liver biopsy percutaneous liver biopsy Image gallery gallery Image Gastroscope.jpg Video gastroscope Image Colonoscope.jpg Video colonoscope Image Endoscopy snare.jpg Endoscopy snare used to perform polypectomy Image PEG tube kit.jpg PEG tube gallery References Empty section date July 2010 Navigation Box MedInst Category Medical equipment Category Gastroenterology Medical equipment stub ... more details
The Sims position , named after James Marion Sims is usually used for rectal examination , treatments and enema s. It is performed by having a patient lie on their left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent. Detailed description The position is described as follows Patient lies on their left side. Patient s left lower extremity is straightened Patient s right lower extremity is flexed at the hip, and the leg is flexed at the knee. The bent knee, resting against bed surface or a pillow, provides stability. Common uses Post partum perineal examination See also J. Marion Sims Sigmoidoscopy References http www.moondragon.org health disorders patientpositions.html Patient Positioning Category Diagnostic gastroenterology treatment stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pneumaturia Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB 30912 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Pneumaturia is the passage of gas or air in urine . This may be seen or described as bubbles in the urine . Causes File Emphysematous Cystitis CT ax 5.jpg thumb Emphysematous cystitis in computertomography A common cause of pneumaturia is colovesical fistula communication between the colon and bladder . These may occur as a complication of diverticular disease . Other key differentials Crohn s disease Carcinoma of the Colon anatomy colon or urinary bladder bladder A gas producing urinary tract infection UTI emphysematous cystitis rare . Diagnosis Diagnosis is made with the help of ct scan, which shows the inflammatory diverticular mass. It should be followed by sigmoidoscopy to rule out cancer. Urinary system symptoms and signs Category Urological conditions medicine stub de Pneumaturie pl Pneumaturia ... more details
MedAbbrev Z A class wikitable sortable Sortable table scope col Abbreviation scope col Meaning diagnosis br Difference quotient change differential diagnosis the list of possible diagnoses, and the effort to narrow that list Fracture bone fracture NOF Fracture bone fracture to the neck of the femur big Unicode big R with crossed tail Medical prescription prescription psychiatry sigmoidoscopy x 12 x number of months x 40 x number of weeks of pregnancy x 52 x number of weeks x 7 x number of days 3TC lamivudine 5 FU 5 fluorouracil 5 HIAA 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5 HT 5 hydroxytryptamine, that is, serotonin 6MP 6 mercaptopurine MedAbbrev Z A Category Lists of medical abbreviations ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Interventions infobox Name Proctoscopy Image Anoscope, proctoscope and rectoscope.png Caption An anoscope , a proctoscope and a rectoscope , and their approximate lengths. ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 48.2 MeshID D011351 OPS301 OPS301 1 653 OtherCodes Proctoscopy is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope also known as a rectoscope, although the latter may be a bit longer is used to examine the anal cavity , rectum or sigmoid colon . A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and usually has a small light bulb mounted at the end. It is approximately 5 inches or 15 cm long, while a rectoscope is approximately 10 inches or 25 cm long. During proctoscopy, the proctoscope is lubricated and inserted into the rectum , and then the obturator is removed, allowing an unobstructed view of the interior of the rectal cavity. This procedure is normally done to inspect for hemorrhoids or rectal polyp s and might be mildly uncomfortable as the proctoscope is inserted further into the rectum. Modern fibre optic proctoscopes allow more extensive observation with less discomfort. Image 2008 Proktoskop 1.jpg thumb Two proctoscopes Disposable proctoscopes without light are also available. The proctoscope also has a hollow channel through which other instruments may be inserted. For example, another instrument may be used to take a biopsy of a small amount of Biological tissue tissue for examination under a microscope . Also, air may be injected through the proctoscope to help make viewing easier. Similar instruments, the sigmoidoscopy sigmoidoscope and colonoscopy colonoscope may be used to visualize more proximal parts of the bowels. See also Endoscopy Anoscopy Hemorrhoids Rubber band ligation External links commons category Digestive system surgical procedures Endoscopy Category Proctology Category Digestive system procedures de Proktoskopie sv Rektoskopi ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin plicae transversae recti GraySubject 249 GrayPage 1183 Image Gray1078.png Caption Coronal section of rectum and anal canal. Image2 Anorectum.gif Caption2 Anatomy of the anus and rectum System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12649311 Houston s valves or transverse folds of rectum are semi lunar transverse folds of the rectum rectal wall that protrude into the rectum, not the anal canal as that lies below the rectum. Their use seems to be to support the weight of fecal matter, and prevent its urging toward the anus , which would produce a strong urge to defecate . Although the term rectum means straight, these transverse folds overlap each other during the empty state of the intestine to such an extent that, as Houston remarked, they require considerable maneuvering to conduct an instrument along the canal, as often occurs in sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy . These folds are about 12 mm. in width and are composed of the circular muscle coat of the rectum. They are usually three in number sometimes a fourth is found, and occasionally only two are present. One is situated near the commencement of the rectum, on the right side. A second extends inward from the left side of the tube, opposite the middle of the sacrum . A third, the largest and most constant, projects backward from the forepart of the rectum, opposite the fundus of the urinary bladder . When a fourth is present, it is situated nearly 2.5 cm above the anus on the left and posterior wall of the tube. External links cite journal author Shafik A, Doss S, Ali Y, Shafik A title Transverse folds of rectum anatomic study and clinical implications. journal Clin Anat volume 14 issue 3 pages 196 203 year 2001 pmid 11301467 doi 10.1002 ca.1033 NormanAnatomy pelvis NormanAnatomyFig rectum Gray s digestive stub Digestive tract Category Digestive system Category Rectum it Valvola di Houston ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cytomegalovirus colitis Image CMV colitis high mag cropped.jpg Caption Micrograph of CMV colitis. H&E stain . Width 175 DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cytomegalovirus colitis , also known as CMV colitis , is an inflammation of the colon anatomy colon . Diagnosis The diagnosis of CMV colitis is based on serology , CMV antigen testing and colonscopy with biopsy . Clinical suspicion should be arised in the setting of immunocompromised pateint but it is much rarer in immunocompetent pateint. Although it is known that CMV colitis is almost always caused by reactivation of latent CMV infection in immunocompromised pateints, new infection of CMV or reinfection of different strain of CMV can cause colitis in immunocompetent hosts. Because asymptomatic CMV viremia and viruria is common and about 1 3 of symptomatic CMV infection is caused by reinfection of different strain of CMV, the diagnosis of CMV colitis needs more direct causality. It is practically achieved by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy tissue sampling and pathological eveidence of CMV infection under microscope. Positive CMV IgG doesn t neccessarily mean that it is reactivation of latent infection because of the possibility of reinfection of different strain. Treatment The usual treatment is antiretroviral s. ref name pmid17026558 cite journal author Kandiel A, Lashner B title Cytomegalovirus colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease journal Am. J. Gastroenterol. volume 101 issue 12 pages 2857 65 year 2006 month December pmid 17026558 doi 10.1111 j.1572 0241.2006.00869.x url ref Severe CMV colitis may lead a colectomy . ref cite journal author Lawlor G, Moss AC title Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease pathogen or innocent bystander? journal Inflamm. Bowel Dis. volume 16 issue 9 pages 1620 7 year 2010 month September pmid 20232408 doi 10.1002 ibd.21275 url ref Risk factors The systemic use of corticosteroids in the context of infla ... more details
schedules for screening to find colon polyps and cancer 1. Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 ... A sigmoidoscopy is often used as a screening procedure for a full colonoscopy, often done in conjunction .... ref cite journal author Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralj Hans I, et al. title Once only flexible sigmoidoscopy ... test for people in the US who are over 50 years of age, but flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years ... of the relative risks of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, published in the February 5, 2003 issue of the Journal ... colonoscopy is approximately double that after sigmoidoscopy consistent with the fact that colonoscopy ... and Sigmoidoscopy Defined accessdate 2010 04 06 ref Bleeding complications may be treated ... would have been treated during a safer sigmoidoscopy procedure. ref name Baxter09 Colonoscopy is relatively ... . ref name goodwin See also Anal probe Bow and arrow sign Rectal examination Sigmoidoscopy Polypectomy ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Juvenile polyposis syndrome Image Gastric juvenile polyp very low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of a gastric juvenile polyp, as may be seen in juvenile polyposis syndrome. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 7067 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 174900 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a syndrome characterized by the appearance of multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, usually in a child, adolescent or young adult. ref name urlJuvenile Polyposis Syndrome GeneReviews NCBI Bookshelf cite web url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part jps title Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome GeneReviews NCBI Bookshelf format work accessdate 2008 10 16 ref Polyps refers to a growth arising from the Lumen anatomy lumen of the Colon anatomy colon or stomach. While the majority of the polyps found in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome are non neoplastic , hamartomatous , self limiting and benign, there is an increased risk of adenocarcinoma. Solitary juvenile polyps most commonly occur in the rectum and present with rectal bleeding. The World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of juvenile polyposis syndrome are one of either More than five juvenile polyps in the colon or rectum or Juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract or Any number of juvenile polyps in a person with a family history of juvenile polyposis ref name Sternberg cite book author Stoler, Mark A. Mills, Stacey E. Carter, Darryl Joel K Greenson Reuter, Victor E. title Sternberg s Diagnostic Surgical Pathology publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Hagerstwon, MD year 2009 pages isbn 0 7817 7942 1 oclc doi accessdate ref . Presentation Age of onset is variable. The term Juvenile in the title of Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome refers to the histological type of the polyps rather than age of onset. Affected individuals may present with rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea or anemia. On colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy polyps that vary in shape or s ... more details
A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the care of persons with health problems. A medical procedure with the intention of determining, measuring or diagnosis diagnosing a patient condition or parameter is also called a medical test . Other common kinds of procedures are therapeutic i.e., with the intention or treating, curing or restoring function or structure , including the large group of surgery surgical procedures. Physical medicine and rehabilitation Rehabilitation procedures are included in this group. Definition An activity directed at or performed on an individual with the object of improving health, treating disease or injury, or making a diagnosis. ref name ex00 International Dictionary of Medicine and Biology , Page 2297. ISBN 047101849x ref The act or conduct of diagnosis, treatment, or operation. ref name ex01 Stedman s Medical Dictionary , 27th ed. Page 1446. ISBN 068340007x ref A series of steps by which a desired result is accomplished. ref name ex02 Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary , 28th ed. Page 1353. ISBN 0721628591 ref The sequence of steps to be followed in establishing some course of action. ref name ex03 Mosby s Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary , Page 1278. ISBN 0801672252 ref List of medical procedures Propedeutic Auscultation Medical inspection Palpation Percussion medicine Temperature examination Diagnostic Cardiac stress test Electrocardiography Electroencephalography Electrocorticography Electromyography Electroneuronography Electronystagmography Electrooculography Electroretinography Endoluminal capsule monitoring Endoscopy Colonoscopy Colposcopy Cystoscopy Gastroscopy Laparoscopy Laryngoscopy Ophthalmoscopy Otoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Esophageal motility study Evoked potential Magnetoencephalography Medical imaging Angiography Aortography Cerebral angiography Coronary angiography Lymphangiography Pulmonary angiography Cardiac ventriculography Ventriculography Chest photofluorography Co ... more details
Wikify date November 2011 Orphan date November 2011 Infobox Hospital Name Presbyterian Hospital Huntersville Org Group Novant Health Image Presbyterian Hospital Huntersville Location.jpg Presbyterian Hospital Huntersville Location Caption Width 300px Location Huntersville, North Carolina Huntersville Region State North Carolina Country US HealthCare Private Type General Speciality Standards Emergency 24 hour Beds 60 Founded 2004 Website http www.presbyterian.org site locations presbyterian hospital huntersville Presbyterian Hospital Huntersville Presbyterian Hospital Huntersville , a part of the Novant Health organization, is a private, 60 bed not for profit medical facility located in Huntersville, North Carolina. ref http www.novanthealth.org ref Services Presbyterian Hospital Huntersville offers a variety of services including ref http www.presbyterian.org site locations presbyterian hospital huntersville.org ref Cancer services, including chemotherapy, support for stem cell transplant patients, blood product transfusions and other therapeutic services. Cardiovascular services, aimed at preventing, diagnosing, treating and recovering from cardiovascular diseases. Children s services, including a Level III Special Care Nursery with round the clock care, and a Critical Care Transport that takes critically ill infants, children and teens from area hospitals to Presbyterian Hemby Children s Hospital for treatment. Critical Care sercives, a specialty care unit that is operational 24 hours a day, and is designed for specialized medical and nursing care for a critically ill patient. The Diabetes Resource Center helps patients design a self management plan. The Emergency Department is staffed 24 hours a day by board certified emergency physicians and registered nurses trained in emergency medicine. Endoscopy Services, including inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures, such as colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and ERCP diagnostics. ... more details
Colorectal polyps can be detected using a faecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy , colonoscopy ... is treated Treatment Polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy using a wire loop ... more details
with either Rectal examination digital rectal exam DRE , Sigmoidoscopy flexible sigmoidoscopy ... . If an adenomatous polyp is found with flexible sigmoidoscopy or if a polyp is found with any other ... more details
or sigmoidoscopy . The appearance of pseudomembranes on the mucosa of the Colon anatomy colon or rectum ... debris, white blood cells, etc. Although colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are still employed, stool ... more details
polyp.jpg thumb A bowel polyp that can be identified by sigmoidoscopy. Polyps can in some cases be cancer ... fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy, in adults, beginning at age 50 years ... more details
cancer is via tumor biopsy typically done during sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. ref name Lancet10 ... testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy . ref name Lancet10 Fecal occult blood testing of the stool ... of 50 and 75 years with sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and colonoscopy every 10 years. ref cite web ... more details
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