Multiple issues pov June 2008 original research June 2008 Politics of Scotland Scottishindependence ... sovereign state , separate from England , Wales and Northern Ireland . Supporters of Scottishindependence ... Kingdom . Those who oppose Scottishindependence and endorse the continuation of a form of Unionism ... over Scottish affairs began to be raised, but support for full independence remained limited. The home ... War of Independence , although the Scottish Office was relocated to St. Andrew s House in Edinburgh ... and the Scottish Party . The SNP did not support all out independence for Scotland, but rather ... the NPS, who did support independence, and the Scottish Party who were devolutionists. However, the SNP ... topics.cfm?tid 51&id 77422007 title Scottishindependence publisher News.scotsman.com date 2007 ... the debate over Scottishindependence. ref name bbchistory2 cite web url http www.bbc.co.uk politics97 ... Parliament Supporters of Scottishindependence continued to hold mixed views on the Scottish ... that the convention was unwilling to discuss Scottishindependence as a constitutional option. ref ... Party, were that the Parliament would create a slippery slope to Scottishindependence and provide the pro independenceScottish National Party with a route to government. ref name Devolution ... SNP wins election date 2011 05 06 ref Proposed referendum File Scottishindependence importance graph ... in April 2011. See also Future referendum on Scottishindependence The Scottish National Party SNP .... ref cite news url http www.bbc.co.uk news uk scotland 11196967 work BBC News title Scottishindependence ... to independence formed the Commission on Scottish Devolution Calman Commission . ref cite web url ... Labour group of Member of Scottish Parliament MSPs . In May 2008, she called for an independence referendum ... Scottishindependence Lib Dems offer possibility of referendum support , The Guardian , August ... on scottishindependence by 2015 86908 23102061 accessdate 3 August 2011 newspaper The Daily ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 PoliticsScotland The Independence Convention is a new umbrella grouping for supporters of Scottishindependence , also known as Interim Forum for an Independence Convention IFIC . The Chairman is Murray Ritchie. The aims of the Independence Convention are to create a forum for those of all political persuasions and none who support independence , and to be a national catalyst for Scottishindependence. The four immediate questions that the Convention intends to address are as follows What are the specific benefits, if any, of national self determination for Scotland in social, cultural, political and economic terms? What are the costs? What, in broad terms, will an independent Scotland look like? How will the transition between devolution and full independence be managed? What are the principles and values that will underpin an independent Scotland and its relationships with the other successor state successor state s to the United Kingdom , and to the rest of the world? The interim convention launched on St. Andrew s Day , 2005 . See also Independence First Scottish Constitutional Convention Constitutional convention political meeting Constitutional Convention External links http www.scottishindependenceconvention.com Official page http www.snp.org homepagelatest policy raisingthestandard Salmond launches blueprint for Independence , Scottish National Party press release, 2 December, 2005 Category Politics of Scotland Category United Kingdom constitution Scotland org stub UK poli stub ... more details
news uk scotland 11196967 work BBC News title Scottishindependence plan an election issue date 2010 ... ref name Times3Sep09 It has been speculated that if the Bill was defeated, Scottishindependence ... option, while short of Independence, would make the Scottish Parliament responsible for the vast ... and responsibilities of the Scottish Parliament, short of independence while the second is whether the Scottish Parliament should also have its powers extended to enable independence to be achieved ... enough to hold an Independence Referendum. Cost According to the Scottish Government s consultation ... or voter in the poll for the designated organisations See Scottishindependence referendum bills Campaign ... referendum plan rejected title Alex Salmond s Scottishindependence referendum bill dead in the water ... 1 hi scotland 8535946.stm title Scottishindependence referendum plans published publisher BBC ...Update date May 2011 Politics of Scotland A referendum of the Scotland Scottish electorate on the issue of Scottishindependenceindependence from the United Kingdom shall be held in either 2014 or 2015. ref cite news last Gardham first Magnus title Holyrood election 2011 Alex Salmond Referendum on Scottishindependence by 2015 url http www.dailyrecord.co.uk news politics news 2011 05 02 alex salmond referendum on scottishindependence by 2015 86908 23102061 accessdate 3 August 2011 newspaper The Daily Record date 2 May 2011 ref The Referendum Bills are proposed Scottish Government Bill proposed ..., but in September 2010 the Scottish National Party minority government announced that they were withdrawing ... parties in the Scottish Parliament . However, the Bill was the centrepiece of the governing Scottish National Party s legislative programme for 2009 10, with the next elections to the Scottish Parliament Scottish Parliament election, 2011 in May 2011 . A white paper for the Bill, setting out four possible options ranging from no change to full Independence, was published on 30 November 2009 ... more details
History of Scotland The Wars of ScottishIndependence were a series of military campaigns fought between ... centuries. The First War of ScottishIndependence First War 1296 1328 began with the English invasion ... War of ScottishIndependence Second War 1332 1357 began with the English supported invasion ... of the longbow as a key weapon in medieval warfare . The First War of Independence 1296 1328 main First War of ScottishIndependence Background File Edward I and II.jpg thumb left 100px ... First War of ScottishIndependence However, Margaret, travelling to her new kingdom, died ..., whom a Scottish chronicler dubbed toom tabard empty coat The First War of ScottishIndependence ... nobles to the Pope affirming Scottishindependence from England. Two similar declarations were also ... III. The Second War of Independence 1332 1357 main Second War of ScottishIndependence Campaignbox Second War of ScottishIndependence After Robert the Bruce s death, David II of Scotland King David ... Pope John XXII div See also First War of ScottishIndependence Second War of ScottishIndependence Anglo ... Medieval rebellions Category Warfare of the Middle Ages Category Wars of ScottishIndependence Wars of ScottishIndependence Category 13th century in Scotland Category 14th century in Scotland Category ... simple Wars of ScottishIndependence sv Skotska frihetskrigen ... rivals for succession. The two leading competitors for the Scottish crown were Robert Bruce, 5th Lord ... Scottish Castle be placed temporarily under his control and every Scottish official resign his ... Scottish nobles gathered to swear allegiance to King Edward I as Lord Paramount. All Scots ... that he had until 1 September 1294 to provide Scottish troops and funds for his invasion ... of heated debate, plans were made to defy the orders of Edward I. A few weeks later a Scottish parliament ... France and England continued. Although Norway never acted, the Franco Scottish alliance, later ... more details
First War of ScottishIndependence partof the Wars of ScottishIndependence image date 1296 1328 place ... Scottish victory, Scotland maintained its independence combatant1 File Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg ... First War of ScottishIndependence Campaignbox Wars of ScottishIndependence The First War of ScottishIndependence lasted from the invasion by England in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scotland Scottishindependence with the Treaty of Edinburgh Northampton in 1328. De facto independence ... Wallace Wars of ScottishIndependence Second War of ScottishIndependence External links http skyelander.orgfree.com ..., Halidon Hill, Neville s Cross Use dmy dates date August 2011 DEFAULTSORT First War Of ScottishIndependence Category Wars of ScottishIndependence Category 13th century in Scotland Category 14th century ... First War of ScottishIndependence uk ... Scottish patriots. Andrew de Moray was the son of a northern landowner, Sir Andrew de Moray of Petty ... Robert Clifford to resolve the Scottish problem . On receiving reports that Sir William Douglas ... to follow the Scottish cause, being quoted as saying, No man holds his flesh and blood in hatred ... to lose by turning against Edward I. It was to be his first political act of independence from ... and William Douglas, but they were inept, and dissension broke out in the Scottish camp when the Scottish and English armies met in July 1297 near Irvine, Ayrshire Irvine . Many of the Scottish lords ... claim to be Scottish national heroes. They were not recognised by their aristocratic enemies in Scotland as anything more than local commanders. Whereas the Scottish nobility had usually given in to English demands for allegiance, Wallace s force remained unequivocally dedicated to the struggle for Scottishindependence. Stirling Bridge and Guardian of Scotland File Stirling Bridge and the Abbey Craig.JPG thumb 300px The site of the battle of Stirling Bridge On 11 September 1297, the Scottish ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Second War of ScottishIndependence partof the Wars of ScottishIndependence image date 1332 1357 place Scotland result Scottish victory, David II of Scotland David II retained the throne and independence combatant1 File Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg 15px ... Wars of ScottishIndependence Campaignbox Second War of ScottishIndependence The Second War of ScottishIndependence 1332 1357 was the second cluster of a Wars of ScottishIndependence series of military ... War of ScottishIndependence First . The Treaty of Edinburgh Northampton by which the First ... several decades of repeated engagements, the Second War of ScottishIndependence was settled with the signing ... War of ScottishIndependence took place in August 1332, when Edward Balliol and his Disinherited ... of Berwick, the Second War of ScottishIndependence was effectively over. Even before the signing of the treaty ... Category Wars of ScottishIndependence Category 14th century in Scotland es Segunda Guerra de Independencia de Escocia simple Second War of ScottishIndependence ... to Scottish lands. One of these disinherited was Edward Balliol , son of a former Scottish king. With the discreet ... followed became both war and civil war, as some Scottish citizens rose in defense of David II and others ... including future Scottish king Robert II of Scotland Robert Stewart fought back and forth battles ... War as a bargaining point. The politics of the situation were ever complex. The Scottish faced ... his claim to the Scottish crown to Edward III, who dropped his pursuit of Scotland and released the then captive ... the English invaded Scotland in 1296, forcing the Scottish King John of Scotland John Balliol to abdicate ... the independence of Scotland with Bruce as King. To further seal the peace, Robert s very young son ... Balliol was the eldest son of John Balliol, who had been forced to abdicate the Scottish throne ... he and the pretender to the Scottish throne began preparing for battle, while elsewhere Archibald ... more details
Other uses Image Spirit of Independence.JPG right thumb 250px A personification of independence as represented ... s Epcot . Independence is a condition of a nation , country , or Sovereign state state in which its ... , over its territory. Attainment of independence should not be confused with revolution , which typically ... and achieve national independence, others aim only to redistribute power &mdash with or without an element .... Furthermore, some countries were granted independence without any revolutionary acts. The October Revolution Russian October Revolution , for example, was not intended to seek national independence ... refers to a kind of independence which has been granted by an overseeing authority that itself ... of established independence or, less commonly, the commencement of revolution , are typically celebrated as a national Public holiday holiday known as an independence day . Sometimes, a state wishing to achieve independence from a dominating power will issue a declaration of independence the earliest ... being South Sudan s declaration of independence in 2011. Declaring independence and attaining it however, are quite different. A well known successful example is the Declaration of Independence United States U.S. Declaration of Independence issued in 1776. Historically, there have been three major periods of declaring independence the years from 1776 to the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe the immediate ... David Armitage , http maghis.oxfordjournals.org content 18 3 61.full The Declaration of Independence ... 3, Pp. 61 66 2004 ref Causes for a country or province wishing to seek independence are many. Disillusionment ... peaceful demonstrations, like in the case of the Indian independence movement , to a violent civil war . See also Independence constitution Independence referendum List of countries by Independence ... sovereignty Special Committee on Decolonization War of Independence disambiguation Wars of independence Arab Spring References Reflist Article note The dates of independence, as they have been ... more details
also Scotch Scots wiktionary Scottish may refer to something of, from, or related to Scotland , a country in northern Europe, part of the United Kingdom since 1707. Scottish may also refer to TOCRight Languages Scottish English , the varieties of English spoken in Scotland Scottish Gaelic , a Celtic language native to Scotland Scots language , a language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster People Scottish people List of famous Scottish people Culture Scottish American Scottish national identity Other uses Scottish cuisine Schottische , a dance Scottish card game , a Shedding type card game, also known as shirts and boots Scottish Crofting Foundation Scottish Reformation , 1560 Symphony No. 3 Mendelssohn Scottish Symphony , Mendelssohn s third symphony Scottish Television , currently known as STV TV network STV , the ITV licensee for Central and Northern Scotland Scottish Terrier dog breed disambig Category Scottish people Category Scotland an Escoz s desambigazi n ca Escoc s de Schottisch es Escoc s fr cossais homonymie no Skotsk andre betydninger os pt Escoc s sv Skotska ... more details
The term War of Independence may refer to several historical events including Wars of ScottishIndependence American War of Independence 1775 83 Latin American Wars of Independence Disambig hu F ggetlens gi h bor egy rtelm s t lap ... more details
distinguish2 Independent Party disambiguation Independence Party can refer to various political parties past and present throughout the world, such as Independence Party Catalonia Independence Party Finland Independence Party Iceland Sj lfst isflokkurinn Independence Party India Independence Party Morocco Independence Party Palestine Independent Party Uruguay Estonian Independence Party Irish Independence Party Independence Israeli political party Puerto Rican Independence Party ScottishIndependence Party , United Kingdom Taiwan Independence Party United Kingdom Independence Party In the United States United States Independence Party or Independence League , formed by William Randolph Hearst in the early 1900s, now defunct Alaskan Independence Party Independence Party of America Independence Party of Minnesota Independence Party of New York disambig de Unabh ngigkeitspartei pl Partia Niepodleg o ci ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A war of independence is a conflict occurring over a Territory country subdivision territory that has Declaration of independence declared independence . Once the sovereign ... state is successfully established, the conflict is subsequently known as a war of independence. Use of the term largely originates from the American Revolutionary War American War of Independence but prior conflicts sometimes got the name retroactively such as the Dutch War of Independence , originally .... War of independence were followed by the decolonization period Wars of national liberation . Examples Examples of war of independence include width 100 valign top width 50 Algerian War of Independence American Revolutionary War American War of Independence Argentine War of Independence Bangladesh War of Independence Dominican War of Independence Eighty Years War Dutch War of Independence Eritrean War of Independence Estonian War of Independence Greek War of Independence Haitian Revolution Hungarian War of Independence Indian War of Independence Indochina Wars French Indochina War Vietnam War Sino Vietnamese War Indonesian National Revolution Irish War of Independence Israeli War of Independence Wars of Italian Independence First Italian War of Independence Second Italian War of Independence Third Italian War of Independence Latvian War of Independence Lithuanian Wars of Independence Maccabean Revolt Mau Mau Uprising Namibian War of Independence width 50 Philippine Revolution sometimes called the Philippine War of Independence Philippine American War Portuguese Colonial War Mozambican War of Independence Guinea Bissau War of Independence Angolan War of Independence Red Turban Rebellion Romanian War of Independence Wars of ScottishIndependence First War of ScottishIndependence Second War of ScottishIndependence First Serbian Uprising Serbian Revolution Latin American wars of independence Brazilian Declaration of Independence Brazilian War of Independence Spanish American ... more details
2005. It is an umbrella group for various supporters of a referendum on Scottishindependence and the creation of a sovereign state of Scotland. Purpose Independence First was established to be a single ... wide referendum on Scottishindependence and to campaign for popular approval for Scotland leaving ... , a party which is officially opposed to a Scottishindependence referendum and is thus considered ... , the Free Scotland Party , the Scottish Enterprise Party and the ScottishIndependence Party . Campaigns Image Indy1st2.JPG right thumb 300px Independence First held a demonstration on 30 September 2006 in Edinburgh city centre, also supported by the Independence Convention , the Scottish Republican Socialist Movement SRSM , Siol nan Gaidheal , the SSP, Solidarity, the Greens and the SNP. Independence ... to hold a referendum on the matter of Scottishindependence due to its belief that elections to the Scottish ... for the people of Scotland on independence. The Scottish Parliament replied The Scotland Act 1998 sets ...ref improve date December 2011 Image Iflogo.png thumb Independence First s logo is based on Flag of Scotland 250px right Independence First or Independence 1st is a political movement in Scotland , first ... becomes a monarchy or a republic with an elected president. Support Independence First are supported officially by the Scottish Green Party ref http news.scotsman.com scotland.cfm?id 1705952005 Scotsman.com News Bot generated title ref and a number of Members of the Scottish Parliament including Tommy Sheridan MSP Solidarity, former leader of the Scottish Socialist Party SSP , Sandra White MSP Scottish National Party SNP and Campbell Martin MSP Independent . Other groups and individuals who ... BBC NEWS Scotland Rally calls for independence vote Bot generated title ref although reported numbers inevitably varied. Independence First held a further march and demonstration in Edinburgh on 31 ... to the Her Majesty s Government Government of the United Kingdom and the Scottish Executive in support ... more details
Accord expected between 2014 and 2019 Scottishindependence referendum Scottish referendum bill ...An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the citizens of a territory country subdivision territory decide whether the territory should become an Independence independent country . The independence referendum is considered successful if the citizens vote in favor of independence or unsuccessful if they do not. A successful independence referendum may or may not result in independence .... Former successful independence referendums 1905 Norwegian union dissolution referendum, 1905 ref cite ... led to independence from Denmark on 17 June 1944 1946 Faroese independence referendum, 1946 1946 Faroese referendum after this referendum, the Faroe Islands declared independence on 18 September ..., Guinea opted for immediate independence from France, and the independence was proclaimed on October 2, 1958. 1990 Slovenian independence referendum, 1990 1990 Slovenian independence referendum , led to independence of Slovenia . In Tatarstan the Tatars declared independence on 30 August 1990 however, this declaration was annulled by Russia. 1991 Croatian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Croatian independence referendum , led to independence of Croatia . Macedonian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Macedonian independence referendum , led to independence of the Republic of Macedonia . Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Ukraine independence referendum , led to independence of Ukraine . Georgian independence referendum, 1991 , led to independence of Georgia country Georgia . Transnistrian referendum, 1991 , led to de facto independence of Transnistria . 1992 History of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 Bosnian independence referendum , led to independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina and to Bosnian war . History of South Ossetia South Ossetian independence referendum, 1992 , led to de facto independence of South Ossetia . 1993 History of Eritrea Eritrean independence referendum ... more details
About the type of document the first document to be generally called such United States Declaration of Independence the short film Declaration of Independence film A declaration of independence is an assertion of the independence of an aspiring Sovereign state state or states. Such places are usually ..., or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. Not all declarations of independence are successful and result in independence for these regions. Such declarations are typically made without the consent of the parent state, and hence are sometimes called unilateral declarations of independence UDIs , particularly by those who question the declarations validity. List of declarations of independence ... First recognising state Albania Albanian Declaration of Independence November 28 1912 Ottoman Empire ... Declaration of Independence July 9 1816 Spain Congress of Tucum n Kingdom of Hawaii Armenia Democratic ... Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Bangladesh Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence March 26 1971 Pakistan ... and Belarus Turkey Belgium Belgian Declaration of Independence October 4 1830 Netherlands Provisional Government of Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian Declaration of Independence March 1 1992 Yugoslavia Bulgaria Brazil Brazilian declaration of independence September 7 1822 Portugal Pedro I of Brazil United States Bulgaria Bulgarian Declaration of Independence September 22 1908 Ottoman Empire Ferdinand ... Republic of Carpathian Ruthenia Carpathian Ruthenia Declaration of Independence October 25 2008 Ukraine ... Companys, Generalitat Government of Catalonia Central America Central American declarations of independence September 15 1821 Spain Chile Chilean Declaration of Independence February 12 1818 Spain National Congress Portugal Colombia Colombian Declaration of Independence July 20 1810 Spain Croatia Croatian Declaration of Independence June 25 1991 Yugoslavia Iceland Dominican Republic Dominican Declaration of Independence February 27 1844 Haiti United Kingdom East Timor East Timorese declaration ... more details
from Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . Levels of interest in English independence have risen in recent decades as a direct result of devolution in Scotland and Wales , where Scottishindependence and Welsh independence are campaigned for by important regional political parties in the Scottish ... Only Scottishindependence can solve the English Question author Alex Salmond newspaper The Telegraph date 20 March 2007 url http www.telegraph.co.uk comment personal view 3638581 Only Scottishindependence can solve the English Question.html ref ref cite news title Only Scottishindependence can solve ... comment personal view 3638581 Only Scottishindependence can solve the English Question.html ref While some minor political parties have campaigned for English Independence, all major ... of Ireland and Isle of Man English independence is a political ideal advocated by some English ... independence without them realising it author Fraser Nelson newspaper The Spectator date 16 April ... towards independence without them realising it.thtml ref English independence is seen as a way to resolve the West Lothian question in British politics, whereby Scottish and Welsh Member of Parliament ... over equivalent issues in Scotland or Wales, as they may be devolved to the Scottish Parliament ... 2010 url http www.guardian.co.uk commentisfree 2010 apr 23 st georges day english nationalism ref Scottish demands for independence, rather than English demands, are generally seen as the most pressing ... accounts 2010 03 cameron salmond party scottish ref History unref section date October 2011 Politics ... VI , List of Scottish monarchs King of Scots , acceding to the English throne, placing England and Scotland .... The Scottish signatories to the treaty were forced to sign the documents in secrecy because of mass rioting and unrest in the Scottish capital, Edinburgh . Scotland did however retain Scots law , a distinct ... independence unref section date October 2011 Advocates of English sovereignty state that a sovereign ... more details
Independence School may refer to one or more of the following Baltimore Independence School Baltimore, Maryland Independence High School Independence, Ohio Independence High School Independence, Ohio disambig ... more details
Wiktionarypar independenceIndependence is the self government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population. Independence may also mean Mathematics and technology Algebraic independence Bit sequence independence in telecommunications Independence mathematical logic , logical independenceIndependence probability theory , statistical independence Conditional independence Independent variable Use in statistics Independence of variables in regression and controlled experiments Independent variable Use in mathematics Independence of variables in mathematics Linear independence Resolution independence in computing Place names United States Independence, Alabama Independence, California Independence, Inyo County, California Independence, Calaveras County, California Independence, Teller County, Colorado Independence, Pitkin County, Colorado Independence, Indiana Independence, Iowa Independence, Kansas Independence, Kentucky Independence, Louisiana Independence, Minnesota Independence, Hennepin County, Minnesota Independence, St. Louis County, Minnesota Independence, Mississippi Independence, Missouri Independence, New York Independence, Ohio , in Cuyahoga County Independence, Defiance County, Ohio Independence, Oregon Independence Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania Independence, Snyder County, Pennsylvania Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania Independence, Texas Independence, Utah Independence, Virginia Independence, Barbour County, West Virginia Independence, Clay County, West Virginia Independence, Jackson County, West Virginia Independence, Preston County, West Virginia Independence, Wisconsin The Independence River , a tributary of the Black River in New York Elsewhere Independence and Mango Creek , adjacent villages considered as one community in Belize Independence, a former name of Niulakita , Tuvalu Ships Independence class , two classes of US Navy ships USS Independence USS Independence , any of seven US Navy ships SS Independence ... more details
Independence Stadium may also refer to Independence Stadium Shreveport in Louisiana, United States Independence Stadium Bakau in Gambia Independence Stadium Namibia in Windhoek Independence Stadium Zambia in Lusaka Stadium Merdeka Independence Stadium in Malaysia disambig de Independence Stadium fi Independence Stadium ... more details
Independence Rock may refer to Independence Rock Wyoming , a well known landmark on the Oregon Trail Independence Rock Oregon disambiguation nl Independence Rock ... more details
Independence Mall may refer to Independence Mall, part of the Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia Independence Mall Massachusetts , a shopping mall in Plymouth County, Massachusetts Independence Mall North Carolina , a larger shopping mall in Southeastern North Carolina Independence Center , a shopping mall in Independence, MO disambig ... more details
Independence Avenue may refer to Independence Avenue Washington, D.C. Independence Avenue Windhoek Independence Avenue Santiago de Chile Independence Avenue Minsk , Belarus Roadindex Template Longcomment added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. de Independence Avenue es Avenida Independencia ... more details
Independence Pass may refer to either of two mountain passes in the United States Independence Pass Colorado Independence Pass Washington disambig ... more details
Fort Independence is the name of several forts in the United States Fort Independence California , U.S. Cavalry fort during the 1860s, now site of the Fort Independence Indian Reservation near Independence, California Fort Independence Colorado , frontier trading post near present day Pueblo, Colorado Fort Independence Massachusetts , fort located at the mouth of Boston harbor on Castle Island Fort Independence Missouri , in Independence, Missouri the starting point of the Oregon Trail Fort Independence Nebraska , military installation in Nebraska in the 1900s Fort Independence Vermont , small fortification on the shores of Lake Champlain Fort Independence New York , Revolutionary War fort in the Bronx geodis ... more details
The following articles relate to the topic of energy independence Portal Energy Energy development Energy resilience Energy resilience Energy security North American energy independence Oil phase out in Sweden Commission on Oil Independence Swedish Commission on Oil Independence United States energy independence Disambig ... more details
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