A SQLinjection is often used to attack the security of a website by inputting SQL statements in a web ... content to the attacker other than the usual operations as intended by the designer. SQLinjection ... or dump the database information like credit card or passwords to the attacker. SQLinjection is mostly ... 2011 09 sqlinjection by the numbers.html ref When under direct attack, some applications .... ref name blog.imperva.com Forms of vulnerability SQLInjection Attack SQLIA is considered one of the top ... date December 2011 Classic SQLIA Inference SQLInjection Intracting with SQLInjection DBMS specific ... web url http www.youtube.com watch?v WkHkryIoLD0 title Joe McCray Advanced SQLInjection LayerOne ... Injection Attacking Vector in combination with other different web application attacks as SQLInjection ... ref SQLInjection DDos attacks ref cite web url http www.xiom.com content whid 2009 1 gaza conflict ... ref SQLInjection XSS ref http www.darkreading.com security management showArticle.jhtml?articleID 211201482 ... date 2007 01 23 accessdate 2011 06 03 ref A complete overview of the SQLInjection classification is presented ... right alt A Classification of SQLInjection Attacking Vector, till 2010. A Classification of SQLInjection ... This form of SQLinjection occurs when user input is not filtered for escape sequences escape characters ... queries. Incorrect type handling This form of SQLinjection occurs when a user supplied field is not strongly ... id 1 DROP TABLE users source Blind SQLinjection Blind SQLInjection is used when a web application is vulnerable to an SQLinjection but the results of the injection are not visible to the attacker ... archives 2006 03 sqlbrute.html title Using SQLBrute to brute force data from a blind SQLinjection ... June 14, 2008 ref Conditional responses One type of blind SQLinjection forces the database ... if the page is vulnerable to a SQLinjection. An injection like this may suggest to the attacker that a blind SQLinjection is possible, leaving the attacker to devise statements that evaluate to true ... more details
Wiktionarypar injectionInjection or Injected may refer to Injection medicine , insertion of liquid into the body with a syringe Injective function in mathematics, a function mapping distinct arguments to distinct values Injection molding , a technique for making parts from plastic material Injection economics , a financial boost to an economy Injected band , a rock band from Atlanta, Georgia Injected album Injected album , an album by Phunk Junkeez Fuel injection , a means of metering fuel into an internal combustion engine in broadcasting, the level at which a subcarrier is sent by the transmitter, expressed as a percent of total modulation In computing Dependency injection , a programming design pattern, also referred to as inversion of control SQLinjection , a security violation technique using database commands Code injection , a security violation technique using unexpected program modification E mail injection , a security violation technique using web email forms See also Injunction Interjection disambig an Inchecci n ca Injecci cs Injekce de Injektion es Inyecci n fa fr Injection hr Injekcija it Iniezione lt Injekcija ms Suntikan ja pt Inje o ru sk Injekcia sl Injekcija sv Injektion uk ... more details
About the database language the airport with IATA code SQL San Carlos Airport Infobox programming language name SQL paradigm Multi paradigm programming language Multi paradigm year 1974 designer Donald D. Chamberlin br Raymond F. Boyce developer ISO IEC latest release version SQL 2008 latest release ... of relational database management systems Many dialects SQL 86, SQL 89, SQL 92 , SQL 1999 , SQL 2003 , SQL 2008 influenced by Datalog influenced Agena programming language Agena , Common Query Language ... Information technology Database languages SQL Part 1 Framework SQL Framework postscript Bot inserted ... citations file ext .sql Infobox file format name SQL screenshot caption Structured Query Language extension .sql mime application x sql uniform type owner ISO IEC released Start date 1986 df yes latest release version SQL 2008 latest release date Start date and age 2008 df yes genre Database ... detail.htm?csnumber 45498 title ISO IEC 9075 1 2008 Information technology Database languages SQL Part 1 Framework SQL Framework postscript Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it or change its value to . for the cite to end in a . , as necessary. inconsistent citations ref SQL officially IPAc ... title Learning SQL editor Mary E Treseler publisher O Reilly location Sebastapol, CA, USA date April ... creation and modification, and data access control. SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar ... used database language. ref name SQL Fundamentals ref name IBM sql cite web title Structured Query Language SQL publisher International Business Machines url http publib.boulder.ibm.com infocenter ... 2007 06 10 ref Although SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a Declarative programming declarative language , it also includes Procedural programming procedural elements. SQL became ... times with added features. However, issues of SQL code portability between major RDBMS products ... as vendor lock in . History SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F ... more details
SQL 2008 can refer to SQL 2008 , the SQL standard adopted in 2008 SQL Server 2008, a release of Microsoft SQL Server Letter NumberCombDisambig ... more details
A PREPARE statement in SQL prepares a statement database statement for execute sql execution at a later time. SQL DEFAULTSORT Prepare Sql Category SQL keywords Compu lang stub ... more details
SQL Server may refer to Any database server that implements the SQL Structured Query Language Microsoft SQL Server , a relational database server from Microsoft Sybase SQL Server , a relational database server developed by Sybase SQL Server magazine SQL Server magazine , a trade publication and web site owned by Penton Media disambig Category Servers cs SQL Server hr SQL Server it SQL Server nl SQL Server ja SQL Server ro SQL Server ru SQL Server uk SQL Server ... more details
SQL Developer may refer to Oracle SQL Developer , a free SQL IDE from Oracle Corporation PL SQL Developer, an IDE for PL SQL development from Allround Automations SOLYP SQL Developer, a generic proprietary database tool written by Jan Borchers disambig ... more details
The SQL MED , or Management of External Data , extension to the SQL standard is defined by ISO IEC 9075 9 2003. SQL MED provides extensions to SQL that define foreign data wrappers and datalink types to allow SQL to manage external data . External data is data that is accessible to, but not managed by, an SQL based DBMS . This standard can be used in the development of federated database system s. See also SQLSQL 2003 References Empty section date July 2010 External links http www.sigmod.org publications sigmod record 0209 jimmelton.pdf view SQL MED A Status Report Category SQL database stub ru SQL MED ... more details
The SQL OLB , or Object Language Bindings , extension to the SQL standard is defined by ISO IEC 9075 10 2003. SQL OLB defines the syntax and symantics of SQLJ , which is SQL embedded in Java programming language Java . The standard also describes mechanisms to ensure binary portability of SQLJ applications, and specifies various Java packages and their contained classes. See also SQLSQL 2003 External links http www.jcc.com sql.htm Short description database stub Category SQL ru SQL OLB ... more details
unreferenced date July 2010 The SQL CLI , or Call Level Interface , extension to the SQL standard is defined in ISO IEC 9075 3 2003. This extension defines common interfacing components structures and procedures that can be used to execute SQL statements from applications written in other programming languages. The SQL CLI extension is defined in such a way that SQL statements and SQL CLI procedure calls are treated as separate from the calling application s source code. See also SQLSQL 2003 References Empty section date July 2010 External links Category SQL database stub ru SQL CLI ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 The SQL JRT , or SQL Routines and Types for the Java Programming Language , extension to the SQL standard is defined by ISO IEC 9075 13 2003. SQL JRT specifies the ability to invoke static Java programming language Java methods as routines from within SQL applications. It also calls for the ability to use Java classes as SQL structured user defined types. See also SQL 2003 References Empty section date July 2010 External links DEFAULTSORT Sql Jrt Category SQL database stub ru SQL JRT ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 cleanup March 2008 context October 2009 Meta SQL Use with reference to PeopleSoft Meta SQL expands to platform specific SQL substrings, causes another function to be called, or substitutes a value. Meta SQL constructs are used in functions that pass SQL strings, such as the following SQLExec. Scroll buffer functions ScrollSelect and its relatives . PeopleSoft Application Designer dynamic and SQL views. Some Rowset class methods Select, SelectNew, Fill, and so on. . The SQL class. PeopleSoft Application Engine programs. Some Record class methods Insert, Update, and so on. . COBOL functions. Meta SQL Element Types There are three types of meta SQL elements Constructs are a direct substitution of a value, and help to build or modify a SQL statement. Examples include Bind, InsertSelect, and List. Functions perform actions or cause another function to be called. Examples include ClearCursor, Execute, and ExecuteEdits. Meta variables enable substitution of text within SQL statements. Examples include AsOfDate, Comma, and JobInstance. Meta SQL Placement Considerations Not all meta SQL can be used by all programs. Some meta SQL can be used only in Application Engine programs. Other meta SQL can only be used as part of a SQL statement in a SQL or dynamic view. The following table lists available meta SQL elements and where each element can be used. If a meta SQL construct, function, or meta variable is supported in PeopleCode, it is supported in all types of PeopleCode programs that is, in Application Engine PeopleCode programs actions , component interface PeopleCode programs, and so on. Note Even if a meta SQL element is used in PeopleCode, you cannot use meta SQL like a built in function. You can use meta SQL in the SQLExec function, the Select method, the Fill method, and so on. Note Meta SQL is not available in SQR DEFAULTSORT Meta Sql Category SQL ... more details
A code HAVING code clause in SQL specifies that an SQL code Select SQL SELECT code statement should only return rows where aggregate values meet the specified Condition SQL condition s. It was added When date February 2011 to the SQL language because the code Where SQL WHERE code keyword could not be used with aggregate functions. ref cite web url http www.w3schools.com SQLsql having.asp title SQL HAVING Clause publisher w3schools.com quote The HAVING clause was added to SQL because the WHERE keyword could not be used with aggregate functions. ref Examples To return a list of department IDs whose total sales exceeded 1000 on the date of January 1, 2000, along with the sum of their sales on that date source lang sql SELECT DeptID, SUM SaleAmount FROM Sales WHERE SaleDate 01 Jan 2000 GROUP BY DeptID HAVING SUM SaleAmount 1000 source Referring to the sample tables in the Join SQL example, the following query will return the list of departments who have more than 1 employee source lang sql SELECT DepartmentName, COUNT FROM employee,department WHERE employee.DepartmentID department.DepartmentID GROUP BY DepartmentName HAVING COUNT 1 source References Reflist External links http www.databasejournal.com features mysql article.php 3469351 The HAVING and GROUP BY SQL clauses http www.w3schools.com sqlsql functions.asp SQL Aggregate Functions SQL DEFAULTSORT Having Sql Category SQL keywords Category Articles with example SQL code database stub compu lang stub ru Having SQL sq Having SQL uk Having SQL ... more details
The SQL Schemata , or Information and Definition Schemas , part to the SQL standard is defined by ISO IEC 9075 11 2008. SQL Schemata defines the Information Schema and Definition Schema, providing a common set of tools to make SQL database databases and objects self describing. These tools include the SQL object identifier, structure and integrity constraints , security and authorization specifications, features and packages of ISO IEC 9075, support of features provided by SQL based DBMS implementations, SQL based DBMS implementation information and sizing items, and the values supported by the DBMS implementations. ref name ISO IEC 9075 11 2008 Citation title ISO IEC 9075 11 2008 Information and Definition Schemas SQL Schemata pages p. 1 year 2008 ref . SQL Schemata defines a number of features, some of which are mandatory. See also Data Definition Language CREATE, ALTER, DROP... SQL 2003 Introduced SQL Schemata Data dictionary References references External links Category SQL database stub ru SQL Schemata ... more details
Primary sources date November 2009 Notability date November 2009 SQL PL stands for SQL Structured Query Language Procedural Language and was developed by IBM as a set of commands that extend the use of SQL in the IBM DB2 DB2 UDB Version 7 database system. ref http publib.boulder.ibm.com infocenter db2luw v9 index.jsp?topic com.ibm.db2.udb.apdv.sql.doc doc c0011916.htm IBM Info Center ref It provides procedural programming procedural programmability in addition to the querying commands of SQL. It is a subset of the SQL Persistent Stored Modules SQL PSM language standard. References references External links http www.sqlpl guide.com SQL PL Guide for developing Stored Procedures in DB2 DEFAULTSORT Sql Pl Category SQL Category IBM software compu soft stub ... more details
dablink This article is about SQL 2003 , a revision of the SQL standard. For more information about SQL, see the main SQL article. SQL 2003 is the fifth revision of the SQL database query language . The latest revision of the standard is SQL 2008 . Summary The SQL 2003 standard makes minor modifications to all parts of SQL 1999 also known as SQL3 , and officially introduces a few new features such as ref ... first Andrew coauthors et al. title SQL 2003 Has Been Published format pdf journal SIGMOD Record ... standards Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 11 11 ref XML related features SQL XML Window function SQL Window functions the sequence generator, which allows standardized sequences two new column types auto generated values and identity columns the new Merge SQL MERGE statement extensions to the Data ... removal of the poorly implemented BIT and BIT VARYING data types Documentation availability The SQL standard is not freely available. SQL 2003 may be purchased from http www.iso.org ISO or http webstore.ansi.org ANSI . A late draft is available as a http www.wiscorp.com sql 2003 standard.zip zip archive ... a number of Portable Document Format PDF files that define the parts of the SQL 2003 specification ... 2003 &ndash Framework SQL Framework http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 34133 ISO IEC 9075 2 2003 &ndash Foundation SQL Foundation http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 34134 ISO IEC 9075 3 2003 &ndash Call Level Interface SQL CLI http ... Stored Modules SQL PSM http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 34136 ISO IEC 9075 9 2003 &ndash Management of External Data SQL MED http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 34137 ISO IEC 9075 10 2003 &ndash Object Language Bindings SQL ... &ndash Information and Definition Schemas SQL Schemata http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 37102 ISO IEC 9075 13 2003 &ndash SQL Routines and Types Using the Java programming ... more details
SQL Plus commonly known as sqlplus is an Oracle database client that can run SQL and PL SQL commands and display their results. SQL Plus is the default, the simplest and the most basic Oracle utility, with a basic ... types SQL Plus understands three categories of text ref name CommandRef cite web url http www.orafaq.com faq sqlplus title SQL Plus at orafaq.com accessdate 2007 11 26 archiveurl http web.archive.org ... SQL statements PL SQL blocks SQL Plus internal commands, for example environment control commands .... An Oracle programmer in the appropriately configured software environment can launch SQL Plus, for example ... code tiger code . SQL Plus then presents a prompt with the default form of pre SQL> pre Interactive use can then start by entering a SQL statement terminated by a semicolon , a PL SQL block, or another ... pre History The first version of SQL Plus was called UFI User Friendly Interface . UFI appeared in Oracle ... name became Advanced UFI . The name Advanced UFI changed to SQL Plus before the release of this Which? date July 2009 version. As of 2012 1 the product continues to bear the name SQL Plus . Usage ... end users who depend on the SQL Plus environment. Oracle shops typically continue to use SQL Plus scripts ... gui fications replacements for SQL Plus include Oracle SQL Plus Worksheet, a component of Oracle Enterprise Manager OEM ref cite web url http docs.cs.cf.ac.uk html 601 node4.html title The SQL ... Oracle s SQL Plus Worksheet is a straight forward, easy to use, graphical user interface for SQL. ref ... is a web based utility similar to the SQL Plus command line utility for executing SQL and PL SQL commands available up to Oracle 10gR2 . ref SQL Worksheet, ref cite web url http www.oracle.com technology products database sql developer files featurelist 1 5.htm nf sql title Oracle SQL Developer 1.5 ... Oracle Corporation location pages language doi archiveurl archivedate quote The SQL Plus commands supported by Oracle SQL Developer SQL Worksheet are listed ... ref a component of Oracle SQL Developer ... more details
SQL PSM stands for SQL Structured Query Language Persistent Stored Modules, and was developed by the American National Standards Institute ANSI as an extension to SQL. ref cite web url http www.itl.nist.gov div897 ctg dm sql info.html title Database Language SQL publisher National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST SQL Project accessdate February 17, 2010 ref It was first adopted in 1996, ref cite journal url http www.dbmsmag.com 9701d06.html title The Future of SQL Programming first Joe last Celko authorlink Joe Celko month January year 1997 journal Intelligent Enterprise DBMS Magazine publisher Miller Freeman archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070927045233 http www.dbmsmag.com 9701d06.html archivedate September 27, 2007 accessdate February 17, 2010 ref and it provides procedural programming procedural programmability in addition to the querying commands of SQL. The SQL PSM extension is defined by International Organization for Standardization ISO International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 9075 4 2003. SQL PSM standardizes procedural extensions for SQL, including flow of control, condition handling, statement condition signals and resignals, cursors and local variables, and assignment of expressions to variables and parameters. In addition, SQL PSM formalizes declaration and maintenance of persistent database language routines e.g. , stored procedures . See also SQLSQL 2003 References reflist External links http www.pgsql.cz index.php SQL PSM Manual Some samples of SQL PSM functions compu lang stub database stub Category Data management Category SQL Category Data centric programming languages Category Programming languages created in the 1990s ru SQL PSM ... more details
The SQL From clause is the source of a rowset to be operated upon in a Data Manipulation Language Data Manipulation Language DML statement. From clauses are very common, and will provide the rowset to be exposed through a Select SQL Select statement, the source of values in an Update SQL Update statement, and the target rows to be deleted in a Delete SQL Delete statement. code FROM code is an SQL reserved word in the SQL 2003 SQL standard The code FROM code clause is used in conjunction with SQL statements, and takes the following general form SQL DML Statement FROM table name WHERE predicate The From clause can generally be anything that returns a rowset, a table, view, function, or system provided information like the Information Schema , which is typically running proprietary commands and returning the information in a table form. ref cite web url http www.sqlteam.com article the from clause title The FROM Clause author Bill Graziano date 24 June 2002 ref Examples The following query returns only those rows from table mytable where the value in column mycol is greater than 100. source lang sql SELECT FROM mytable WHERE mycol 100 source Requirement The From clause is technically required in relational algebra and in most scenarios to be useful. However many relational dbms implementations may not require it for selecting a single value, or single row. source lang sql SELECT 3.14 AS Pi source Other systems will require a From statement with a keyword, even to select system data. source lang sql select to char sysdate, Dy DD Mon YYYY HH24 MI SS as Current Time from dual source ref cite web url http infolab.stanford.edu ullman fcdb oracle or time.html title Oracle Dates and Times ref References reflist SQL DEFAULTSORT From Sql Category SQL keywords Category Articles with example SQL code database stub sq From SQL uk From SQL ... more details
dablink This article is about SQL 1999 , a revision of the SQL standard. For more information about SQL, see the main SQL article. SQL 1999 was the fourth revision of the SQL database query language . The latest revision of the standard is SQL 2008 . Summary The SQL 1999 standard, also known as SQL3, was published in 1999. Unlike previous editions, the standard s name used a colon instead of a hyphen for consistency with the names of other ISO standards. SQL 1999 has several parts ref Lans 2007, p.23. ref SQL Framework http www.iso.org iso iso catalogue catalogue tc catalogue detail.htm?csnumber 26196 ISO IEC 9075 1 1999 SQL Foundation http www.iso.org iso iso catalogue catalogue tc catalogue detail.htm?csnumber 26197 ISO IEC 9075 2 1999 SQL CLI an updated definition of the extension Call Level Interface, originally published in 1995, also known as CLI 95 http www.iso.org iso iso catalogue catalogue tc catalogue detail.htm?csnumber 30609 ISO IEC 9075 3 1999 SQL PSM an updated definition of the extension Persistent Stored Modules, originally published in 1996, also known as PSM 96 http www.iso.org iso iso catalogue catalogue tc catalogue detail.htm?csnumber 29864 ISO IEC 9075 4 1999 SQL Bindings http www.iso.org iso iso catalogue catalogue tc catalogue detail.htm?csnumber 26198 ISO IEC 9075 5 1999 Boolean data types The SQL 1999 standard calls for a Boolean type ref http www.iso.org iso iso catalogue catalogue tc catalogue detail.htm?csnumber 26197 ISO IEC 9075 2 1999 section 4.6 Boolean types ref , but many commercial SQL Servers Microsoft SQL Server 2005 , Oracle Database Oracle 9i , IBM DB2 do not support it as a column type, variable type or allow it in the results set. MySQL interprets BOOLEAN as a synonym for TINYINT 8 bit signed integer . ref http dev.mysql.com doc ... F. van der title SQL for MySQL developers a comprehensive tutorial and reference publisher Addison ... Category SQL Category Declarative programming languages SQL compu lang stub database stub ru SQL 1999 ... more details
Transact SQL T SQL is Microsoft s and Sybase s proprietary extension to SQL . SQL, often expanded to Structured Query Language, is a SQL Standardization standardized computer language that was originally ... declarative statements. T SQL expands on the SQL standard to include Procedural programming ..., mathematics, etc. and changes to the Delete SQL DELETE and update SQL UPDATE statements. These additional features make Transact SQL Turing complete . Transact SQL is central to using Microsoft SQL Server . All applications that communicate with an instance of SQL Server do so by sending Transact SQL statements to the server, regardless of the user interface of the application. Flow control Keywords for flow control in Transact SQL include code BEGIN code and code END code , code BREAK code ... SQL, both the DELETE and UPDATE statements allow a FROM clause to be added, which allows joins ... f.name Idle syntaxhighlight BULK INSERT BULK INSERT is a Transact SQL statement that implements ... en us library ms188365.aspx Microsoft s MSDN page . TRY CATCH Beginning with SQL Server 2008, Microsoft ... enables developers to simplify their code and leave out ERROR checking after each SQL execution statement ... See also Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Sybase PL SQL PL SQL Oracle PL pgSQL ... 15.0.sqlug html sqlug title.htm Sybase Transact SQL User s Guide http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library aa260642 SQL.80 .aspx Transact SQL Reference for SQL Server 2000 MSDN http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms189826.aspx Transact SQL Reference for SQL Server 2005 MSDN http msdn.microsoft.com en us library bb510741 SQL.100 .aspx Transact SQL Reference for SQL Server 2008 MSDN Category SQL Category Data centric programming languages ar cs Transact SQL de Transact SQL es Transact SQL fr Transact SQL id Transact SQL is Transact SQL it Transact SQL ja Transact SQL pl Transact SQL pt Transact SQL ru Transact SQL ta zh Transact SQL ... more details
SQL Insertion may refer to SQL insertion attack Insert SQL , statement in SQL disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
In database query operations, various SQL implementations use hints as additions to the SQL standard that instruct the database engine on how to execute the query. For example, a hint may tell the engine to use as little memory as possible even if the query will run slowly , or to use or not to use an index database index even if the query optimizer would decide otherwise . Implementation Different database engines use different approaches in implementing hints. MySQL uses its own extension to the SQL standard, where a table database table name may be followed by tt USE INDEX tt , tt FORCE INDEX tt or tt IGNORE INDEX tt keywords. ref MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual http dev.mysql.com doc refman 5.0 en index hints.html 12.2.8.2 Index Hint Syntax ref Oracle Database Oracle implements hints by using specially crafted SQL Other comment s in the query that begin with a tt tt symbol, thus not affecting SQL compatibility. ref Mike Ault http www.dba oracle.com t sql hints tuning.htm Oracle SQL Hints Tuning ref See also Query optimizer Query plan References reflist DEFAULTSORT Hint Sql Category SQL database stub ru SQL ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 A relational database management system uses SQL conditions or Expression programming expressions in Where SQL tt WHERE tt clauses and in Having SQL tt HAVING tt clauses to tt select SQL SELECT tt subsets of data. Types of condition Expand section date July 2010 Many conditions compare values for for example equality, inequality or similarity. The EXISTS condition uses the SQL 2003 SQL standard SQL keywords keyword code EXISTS code ref cite book last Fehily first Chris title SQL Visual Quickstart Guide edition 2 year 2005 publisher Peachpit Press isbn 978 0 321 33417 6 pages 439 440 pages 480 quote SQL Keywords ... The appendix lists the SQL 2003 standard s reserved and non reserved keywords. ... EXISTS ... ref to determine whether rows exist in a subquery result. ref cite book last Fehily first Chris title SQL Visual Quickstart Guide edition 2 year 2005 publisher Peachpit Press isbn 978 0 321 33417 6 page 278 pages 480 quote EXISTS and NOT EXISTS ... look for the existence or nonexistence of rows in a subquery result. ref Examples To tt SELECT tt one row of data from a table called tab with a primary key column pk set to 100 &mdash use the condition pk 100 SELECT FROM tab WHERE pk 100 To identify whether a table tab has rows of data with a duplicated key column dk set to 100 &mdash use the condition dk 100 and the condition having count 1 SELECT FROM tab WHERE dk 100 having count 1 SQL References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Condition Sql Category SQL ru SQL ... more details
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