Infobox OS name RocksClusterDistribution logo Image rocks logo.png 200px screenshot caption developer ... license Various working state in development website http www.rocksclusters.org RocksClusterDistribution originally called NPACI Rocks is a Linux distribution intended for high performance computing Cluster computing clusters . It was started by National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure ... www.rocksclusters.org wordpress ?page id 57 title About RocksCluster publisher RocksClusterDistribution ... distributions Category RPM based Linux distributions Category Cluster computing Category Parallel computing Category 2000 introductions es Rocks Clusters gl RocksCluster it RocksClusterDistribution ...?AwardNumber 0721623 title Award Abstract 0721623 SDCI NMI Improvement The RocksCluster Toolkit and Extensions to Build User Defined Cyberenvironments date August 31, 2007 ref Rocks was initially based on the Red Hat Linux distribution, however modern versions of Rocks are now based on CentOS , with a modified ... 16, 2004 title SDSC Enhances RocksCluster Management Toolkit publisher Grid Today accessdate 2007 ... cite web url http www.rocksclusters.org rocks register date October 10, 2010 title RocksCluster Register ref The largest registered academic cluster, having 8632 CPUs, is http grid.fzk.de GridKa .... Rocks includes many tools such as Message Passing Interface MPI which are not part of CentOS but are integral components that make a group of computers into a cluster. Installations can be customized ... roll, the Java Sun Java roll, and the Ganglia software Ganglia roll. Since its initial release, Rocks has become a widely used cluster operating system, for academic, government, and commercial organizations ... of larger systems, as well as being used for courses in cluster design. This easy scalability was a major goal in the development of Rocks, both for the researchers involved ref name RocksAbout , and for the NSF ... effect of Rocks on installation and use of Linux clusters across NSF communities. ref name FollowupAward ... more details
wiktionarypar cluster A cluster is a small group or bunch of something. In science Cluster physics , a small group of atoms or molecules Cluster chemistry , an array of bound atoms intermediate in character between a molecule and a solid Cluster sampling , a sampling technique used when natural groupings are evident in a statistical population Cluster analysis , a technique for statistical data analysis Consonant cluster , in linguistics In astrophysics Star cluster , groups of stars which are gravitationally bound Galaxy groups and clusters , large gravitationally bound objects Globular cluster , a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite Cluster mission , a European Space Agency mission to study the magnetosphere In biology and health sciences Cancer cluster , in biomedicine, an occurrence of a greater than expected number of cancer cases Cluster headache , a neurological disease that involves an immense degree of pain Cluster of differentiation , protocol .... Winter cluster , in beekeeping, a well defined cluster of honey bees in cold temperatures Cluster epidemiology , a grouping of cases of disease Genetic cluster , a group of genes or proteins, or metabolites ... Cluster computing , a group of loosely coupled computers that work together closely Data cluster , a group of disk sectors used in a File Allocation Table In music Tone cluster , a musical chord comprising at least three consecutive tones in a scale Cluster band , a German rock band Cluster Italian musical group , an a cappella jazz fusion group from Genoa, Italy Cluster album Cluster album , the 1971 eponymous album by the band ClusterCluster , a track from the album Ben Bu Sarkiyi Sana Yazdim by Cem Adrian Cluster One , the first track on Pink Floyd s 1994 album The Division Bell In engineering A bicycle cogset , either a freewheel, or cassette The instrument cluster of an automobile Other Cluster bomb , air dropped or ground launched shells Cluster diagram , general type of diagram, which ... more details
The phrase T distribution may refer to Student s t test in univariate statistics, Student s t distribution in univariate probability theory, Hotelling s T square distribution in multivariate statistics. Multivariate Student distribution . disambig Category Probability distributions ... more details
wiktionarypar distribution tocright Distribution may refer to In mathematics, science, and technology In mathematics Distribution mathematics , generalized functions used to formulate solutions of partial differential equations Probability distribution , the probability of a particular values or value range of a variable Cumulative distribution function , in which the probability of a value is a function of that value Frequency distribution , a list of the values recorded in a sample Inner distribution and outer distribution , in coding theory Distribution differential geometry , a subset of the tangent ... state space Distribution of terms , a situation in which all members of a category are accounted ... elementary algebra In science Complementary distribution , in linguistics, a relationship between elements found in opposite environments Distribution pharmacology , the transfer of a drug within the body Distribution function , in physics, the number of particles per unit volume in phase space Population distribution , the geographical area in which a species lives Spectral power distribution , in color science, the power per unit area per unit wavelength of an illumination Trip distribution , part ... distribution , the final stage in the delivery of electricity Electronic brakeforce distribution , an automotive ... , in which a program is run on multiple networked computers Software distribution, a bundle of a specific software already compiled and configured Linux distribution , one of several distributions built on the Linux kernel Distribution concurrency , the projection operator in a history monoid, a representation of the histories of concurrent computer processes Key distribution center , part of a cryptosystem intended to reduce the risks inherent in exchanging keys Content distribution , publishing and web design as method to provide information Digital distribution , publishing media digitally Distribution of elements in the distributed element model of electric circuits In economics Distribution ... more details
wiktionary on the rocks scotch on the rocks On the rocks may refer to tocright English phrase On the rocks refers to Distilled beverage liquor poured over ice cube s. The ice cubes are the rocks. It may also refer to a shaky marriage or other long term romantic relationship, as in the expression their marriage was on the rocks. This usage metaphorically refers to a grounded ship. Media On the Rocks TV series On the Rocks TV series , a 1975 76 American sitcom based on the British Porridge TV series Porridge TV series On the Rocks XM , a radio station provided by XM Satellite Radio Wally and Osborne previously On the Rocks , a webcomic On The Rocks Webseries , A weekly web series created by Say Yes Productions that is centered around the lives of five young adults who were all friends in high school, but who have since been very distant. The first season of On The Rocks is the story of how the friends come back into each other s lives. Music On the Rockz , a coverband in Sweden On the Rocks , an album by The Byron Band On the Rocks band , a British Dutch Brazilian fusion band On the Rocks University of Oregon , award winning all male collegiate a cappella group from the University of Oregon Literature On the Rocks play On the Rocks play , a 1933 play by George Bernard Shaw disambig de On the rocks fr On the rocks it On the rocks ... more details
On the Rocks can refer to Wally and Osborne , a webcomic formerly known as On The Rocks On the Rocks University of Oregon , a University of Oregon a capella group. On the Rocks album , an album by British musician David Byron On the Rocks XM , an XM Radio station that existed from 2001 until 2008. disambig ... more details
The term cluster in astronomy , astrophysics , and cosmology may refer to Galaxy groups and clusters Star cluster Globular cluster disambig ... more details
, N. Yasuda title Spatial distribution of spiral galaxies in the Virgo Cluster from the Tully ...Galaxy cluster name Virgo Cluster image Image Virgngc.jpg 250 px epoch J2000 ra RA 12 27 ref name ned cite web title NASA IPAC Extragalactic Database work Results for Virgo Cluster url http nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu ... Cluster is a galaxy clustercluster of galaxies whose center is 1 E22 m 53.8 0.3 light year Mly 16.5 ..., Davi title The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster journal The Astrophysical Journal year 2007 volume 655 issue 1 pages 144 162 ... cosmos V Virgo Cluster Virgo Cluster . ref the cluster forms the heart of the larger Local ... e 15 solar mass M sub sub out to 8 degrees of the cluster s center or a radius of about 2.2 Mpc ... Structure, mass and distance of the Virgo cluster from a Tolman Bondi model journal Astronomy and Astrophysics ... 6361 20010833 ref Many of the brighter galaxies in this cluster, including the giant elliptical galaxy ... messier Mdes dm091.html M91 . ref The cluster subtends a maximum arc of approximately 8 degrees centered in the constellation Virgo. Many of the member galaxies of the cluster are visible with a small telescope. The cluster is a fairly heterogeneous mixture of spirals and ellipticals. ref Cite ... Eric W. last9 Tonry first9 John L. title The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey journal The Astrophysical Journal .... ref As of 2004 , it is believed that the spirals of the cluster are distributed in an oblong ... galaxies. The cluster is an aggregrate of at least three separate subclump s centered on the galaxies .... ref http nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu level5 Binggeli frames.html The Virgo Super Cluster home of M87 with frames ref The large mass of the cluster is indicated by the high peculiar velocity peculiar velocities of many of its galaxies, sometimes as high as 1,600 kilometre km second s with respect to the cluster s center. The Virgo cluster lies within the Local Supercluster , and its gravitational ... more details
matter. However, the distribution of dark matter throughout the cluster is poorly constrained ...about the cluster of galaxies named the Coma Cluster the star cluster Coma star cluster Galaxy cluster name Coma Cluster image Image Ssc2007 10a1.jpg 250px caption A Sloan Digital Sky Survey Spitzer Space Telescope image of the Coma Cluster in ultraviolet and visible light Courtesy NASA JPL Caltech GSFC ... Guide to X ray Sources work Coma Cluster url http chandra.harvard.edu xray sources coma accessdate ... coma title Chandra Field Guide to X ray Sources Coma Cluster date 20080221112444 ref ref name nasafocuscoma cite web title NASA Focus on the Coma Cluster url http imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov docs features ... Cluster List of Abell clusters Abell 1656 is a large galaxy clustercluster of galaxies that contains ... Cluster Abell 1367 , it is one of the two major clusters comprising the Coma Supercluster . ref Cite ... in and takes its name from the constellation Coma Berenices . The cluster s mean distance from Earth ... title Coma Cluster url http eaa.iop.org abstract 0333750888 2600 accessdate 2006 10 08 year 2001 ... Galaxy aggregates in the Coma cluster journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society year ... doi 10.1046 j.1365 8711.1998.01717.x ref The cluster is within a few degrees of the north galactic pole on the sky. Most of the galaxies that inhabit the central portion of the Coma Cluster are ellipticals. Both dwarf, as well as giant ellipticals, are found in abundance in the Coma Cluster. ref http newswise.com articles view 541574 Newswise Hubble s Sweeping View of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies Retrieved on June 11, 2008. ref Cluster members Image Comacl zentrum600.png thumb right 300px Map of the central part of the Coma Cluster As is usual for clusters of this richness, the galaxies are overwhelmingly ... of them probably near the outskirts of the cluster. The full extent of the cluster was not understood ... , although many of the individual galaxies in the cluster had been identified previously. Fact date ... more details
orphan date July 2010 Cluster labeling is closely related to the concept of text clustering . This process ... Clustering and Hierarchical Clustering . For example, a cluster of documents that talks about ... by examining the contents of the documents in a cluster. A good label not only summarizes the central concept of a cluster but also uniquely differentiates it from other clusters in the collection. Differential Cluster Labeling Differential cluster labeling labels a cluster by comparing the terms in one cluster with the terms occurring in other clusters. The techniques used for feature ... feature selection , can also be applied to differential cluster labeling. Terms having very low frequency are not the best in representing the whole cluster and can be omitted in labeling a cluster ... cluster labeling ref Manning, Christopher D., Prabhakar Raghavan, and Hinrich Schutze. Introduction to Information Retrieval . Cambridge Cambridge UP, 2008. Cluster Labeling . Stanford Natural ... cluster labeling 1.html . ref . Mutual Information Main Mutual information In the fields of probability ... joint probability distribution of the two variables, p sub 1 sub x is the probability distribution of X, and p sub 2 sub y is the probability distribution of Y. In the case of cluster labeling, the variable X is associated with membership in a cluster, and the variable Y is associated with the presence ... of a particular cluster, and p C 0 represents the probability that it isn t. Similarly, p T 1 represents ... the probability that it doesn t. The joint probability joint probability distribution function p C, T represents ... that a document isn t a member of cluster c and doesn t contain term t p 0, 1 is the probability that a document isn t a member of cluster c and does contain term t and so on. Example The following example calculates the mutual information between the cluster commerce and the term tariff class ... of documents in the cluster total number of documents 60 200 510,260 260 510,260 P C 0 of documents ... more details
the mass distribution of the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657 56 Marusa Bradac Fri, 18 Aug 2006 ...Galaxy cluster name Bullet Cluster image Image Bullet cluster.jpg 300px caption X ray photo by Chandra ... The Bullet cluster 1E 0657 56 consists of two colliding Galaxy groups and clusters clusters of galaxies . ref It is not an open cluster or cluster of stars which is also sometimes called a Galactic cluster . ref Studies of the Bullet cluster, announced in August 2006, provide the best evidence to date ... matter self interaction cross section from the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657 56 issue 2 pages 819 824 ... 508162 ref Observations of other galaxy cluster collisions, such as MACS J0025.4 1222 , also show ... The major components of the cluster pair, star s, gas and the putative dark matter, behave ..., seen in X ray s, represents most of the mass of the ordinary baryon ic matter in the cluster pair ... for the idea that most of the mass in the cluster pair is in the form of collisionless dark matter. The Bullet cluster is one of the Temperature hottest known galaxy groups and clusters clusters of galaxies . Observed from Earth, the subcluster passed through the cluster center 150 Mya unit million years ago creating a bow shaped shock wave located near the right side of the cluster formed as 70 million degree Celsius gas in the sub cluster plowed through 1 E6 K 100 million degree Celsius gas in the main cluster at a speed of about 6 million miles per hour . ref http chandra.harvard.edu photo ... of the cluster of galaxies 1E0657 56 ref Strictly speaking, the name Bullet cluster refers to the smaller subcluster, moving away from the larger one. Significance to dark matter The Bullet Cluster ... 02655 COSPAR2006 A 02655.pdf Dark Matter and the Bullet Cluster by Markevitch ref and provides ... Bullet cluster lensing.jpg thumb right 300px Mass density contours superimposed over photograph ... X ray Observatory Chandra observations of the bullet cluster 1E0657 56 Fig. 2 by Markevitch et al. 2004 ... more details
distinguish data cluster Image Us nasa columbia.jpg thumb right The Silicon Graphics International Silicon Graphics Cluster SGI an example of a cluster computer A computer cluster is a group of linked ... of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area network ... url http www.cc.gatech.edu bader papers ijhpca.html title Cluster Computing Applications publisher ... accessdate 2007 07 13 ref Cluster categorizations High availability HA clusters High availability cluster s also known as Failover Clusters are implemented primarily for the purpose of improving the availability of services that the cluster provides. They operate by having redundant Node networking ... cluster is two node cluster two nodes , which is the minimum requirement to provide redundancy. HA cluster implementations attempt to use redundancy of cluster components to eliminate single ... by, and distributed among, all the standalone computers to form a cluster. This results in balanced computational work among different machines, improving the performance of the cluster systems. Compute ... than handling IO oriented operations such as web service or databases. For instance, a cluster might ... computer job may require frequent communication among nodes this implies that the cluster shares a dedicated network, is densely located, and probably has homogenous nodes. This cluster design is usually referred to as Beowulf cluster Beowulf Cluster . The other extreme is where a computer ... Sites Bot generated title ref , is a 12.25 TFlops computer cluster of 1100 Apple Inc. Apple ... , 80 GB Serial ATA SATA Hard disk HD running Mac OS X and using InfiniBand interconnect. The cluster ... than desktop Macs, reducing the aggregate size of the cluster. The total cost of the previous Power ... Mac G5s were sold off. The central concept of a Beowulf computing Beowulf cluster is the use of commercial ... speed. Clusters can have very high Flops, but they cannot access all data in the cluster ... more details
globular cluster s are tight groups of hundreds of thousands of very old stars which are gravitation ally bound, while open cluster s, a more loosely clustered group of stars, generally contain less ... influence of giant molecular cloud s as they move through the galaxy , but cluster ... to as a moving group . Star clusters visible to the naked eye include Pleiades star cluster Pleiades , Hyades star cluster Hyades and the Beehive Cluster . Globular Cluster Main Globular cluster Globular ... Shapley was able to estimate the Sun s distance from the galactic centre based on the distribution ... 22 title ESO publisher Young and Exotic Stellar Zoo ESO s Telescopes Uncover Super Star Cluster in the Milky ... disrupted by the Milky Way, as seems to be the case for the globular cluster Globular Cluster M79 ... the telescopic age. The best known globular cluster in the northern hemisphere is Great Globular Cluster in Hercules M13 modestly called the Great Globular Cluster in Hercules . Intermediate forms In 2005, astronomers discovered a completely new type of star cluster in the Andromeda Galaxy, which ... lie somewhere between a low dark matter globular cluster and a dark matter dominated dwarf spheroidal ... Open clusters Main Open cluster Image M45 filip.jpg thumb 250px The Pleiades, an open cluster ... 67 the closest and most observed old open cluster for example. ref Archinal, Brent A., Hynes ... cloud s and other clusters. Close encounters between cluster members can also result in the ejection ... star cluster Pleiades and Hyades star cluster Hyades in Taurus constellation Taurus . The Double Cluster ... die. Super star cluster Main Super star cluster Super star cluster SSC is a very large region of star formation thought to be the precursor of a globular cluster. Embedded cluster Embedded clusters ... . The most famous example of an embedded cluster is the Trapezium cluster . In Ophiuchi cloud L1688 core region has an embedded cluster. sup http www astro.phast.umass.edu preprints starform kspec ... more details
data sets Workload distribution Inter JVM coordination POJO clustering Development status Employees ... Guide to Terracotta Cluster the JVM for Spring, Hibernate and POJO Scalability publisher Apress ... google video 7660457673499305140 Terracotta Tech Cluster Your JVM To Simplify Application Architecture ... Zilka Soft eng stub Category Cluster computing Category Free software programmed in Java fr Terracotta Cluster ru Terracotta ... more details
Image Collinder 399.jpg frame right Brocchi s Cluster , also known as the Coathanger a conspicuous asterism easily seen with binoculars in the constellation Vulpecula . Collinder 399 Cr ref http www.seds.org messier xtra supp cats.html Cr List of Common Deep Sky Catalogs SEDS ref 399 is a random grouping of stars located in the constellation Vulpecula near the border with Sagitta . Collinder catalog Collinder 399 is known as Al Sufi s Cluster or Brocchi s Cluster . The brighter members of this star cluster form an asterism astronomy asterism also known as the Coathanger . History Before 964, it was first discovered by the Persia n Astronomy astronomer Al Sufi , and described in his Book of Fixed Stars in 964. In the 17th century, it was independently rediscovered by Italian astronomer Giovanni Batista Hodierna Hodierna . In the 1920s, Dalmero Francis Brocchi Brocchi , an amateur astronomer and chart maker for the American Association of Variable Star Observers AAVSO , created a map of this object for use in calibrating photometers. In 1931, Swedish astronomer Per Collinder Collinder listed it in his Collinder catalog catalogue of open clusters . Status The status of this group as a star cluster has changed in recent years. The group was considered to be a cluster for most of the 20th ... stars formed an actual cluster. Several independent studies since 1998 have now determined that this object is not a true cluster at all, but rather just a chance alignment of stars. These recent ... within the cluster easily viewed in one small location of the sky. Catalogue Data Name Collinder ... links http www.seds.org messier xtra ngc brocchi.html Brocchi s Cluster, Collinder 399 SEDS ... galactic clusters and their spatial distribution . Lund Obs. Ann. No. 2 Cragin, Murray Lucyk, James ...& db key AST The Nearby Poor Cluster Collinder 399 . Pub. of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 82 487 , p. 640 652 Skiff, Brian January, 1998 . Brocchi s Cluster Revealed . Sky and Telescope ... more details
and distribution Image Star cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud.jpg thumb left 250px NGC 346 , an open ..., given the age of the cluster and the expected initial mass distribution of the stars. One ...dablink Galactic cluster redirects here. See also galaxy groups and clusters File NGC265.jpg right thumb NGC 265 , an open star cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud An open cluster is a star cluster group ... center resulting in a migration to the main body of the galaxy, as well as a loss of cluster members ... for a few hundred million years. In contrast, the more massive globular cluster s of stars exert a stronger ... . ref name apj62 Over time, radiation pressure from the cluster will disperse the molecular cloud ... . Because the cluster members are of similar age and chemical element chemical composition , the effects ... seds A number of open clusters, such as the Pleiades star cluster Pleiades , Hyades star cluster Hyades or the Alpha Persei Cluster are visible with the naked eye. Some others, such as the Double Cluster ... telescope telescopes . The Wild Duck Cluster , M11, is an example. ref name neata09 Historical ... distinct types of clusters, one of which contained thousands of stars in a regular spherical distribution ... all over the sky. Astronomers dubbed the former globular cluster s, and the latter open clusters ... plane of the Milky Way. ref name basu03 As astrometry became more accurate, cluster stars were ... in appearance between a very sparse globular cluster and a very rich open cluster. Some astronomers believe the two types of star cluster s form via the same basic mechanism, with the difference being ... cluster optical and infrared comparison.jpg thumb left 250px Infrared light reveals the dense open cluster forming at the heart of the Orion nebula . A large fraction of stars are originally formed ... collapse into a single star. ref name apjl501 The formation of an open cluster begins with the collapse ... cloud or part of it and a burst of star formation which will result in an open cluster, including ... more details
Cleanup rewrite date May 2009 Mergefrom Cluster analysis in marketing discuss Talk Cluster analysis Merger proposal date May 2009 Image Cluster 2.svg thumb The result of a cluster analysis shown as the coloring of the squares into three clusters. Cluster analysis or clustering is the assignment of a set of observations into subsets called clusters so that observations in the same cluster are similar ... cluster and merge them into successively larger clusters. Divisive algorithms begin with the whole ... shaped clusters. In this approach, a cluster is regarded as a region in which the density of data ... of cluster analysis in health psychology research found that the most common distance measure ... structure called a dendrogram . The root of the tree consists of a single cluster containing all ... elements to merge in a cluster. Usually, we want to take the two closest elements, according to the chosen ... cluster also called complete linkage clustering math max , d x,y x in mathcal A , , y in mathcal B , . math The minimum distance between elements of each cluster also called single linkage clustering ... cluster also called average linkage clustering, used e.g. in UPGMA math 1 over mathcal A cdot mathcal B sum x in mathcal A sum y in mathcal B d x,y . math The sum of all intra cluster variance. The increase in variance for the cluster being merged Ward s criterion . The probability that candidate clusters spawn from the same distribution function V linkage . Each agglomeration occurs at a greater ... k means clustering Main k means clustering The k means algorithm assigns each point to the cluster whose center also called centroid is nearest. The center is the average of all the points in the cluster ... in the cluster. Example The data set has three dimensions and the cluster has two points math ... in a data set Choose the number of clusters , k . Randomly generate k clusters and determine the cluster centers, or directly generate k random points as cluster centers. Assign each point to the nearest ... more details
and a variance sup 2 sup . This distribution of globular cluster luminosities is called the Globular ... into the Shape of the Globular cluster Luminosity Distribution journal Astronomical Journal volume ...Image A Swarm of Ancient Stars GPN 2000 000930.jpg thumb right 300px The Messier 80 globular cluster ... A globular cluster is a sphere spherical collection of star s that orbits a Galactic Center galactic ... of star cluster is derived from the Latin globulus a small sphere. A globular cluster is sometimes ..., contain considerably more stars and are much older than the less dense open cluster galactic, or open cluster s, which are found in the disk. Globular clusters are fairly common there are about .... I. Cluster Detection and Completeleness journal The Astronomical Journal year 2001 volume 122 issue ... E. Hanes, David A. title The spatial structure of the M87 globular cluster system journal Astrophysical ... first William E. title Globular cluster systems in galaxies beyond the Local Group journal Annual ... Cluster Systems, Nuclei, and Stellar Halos journal The Astrophysical Journal year 2004 month September ... 385 issue 1 pages L20 ref Observation history class wikitable align right Early Globular Cluster Discoveries Cluster name Discovered by Year style text align center Messier 22 M22 Abraham Ihle 1665 ... center Messier 2 M2 Jean Dominique Maraldi 1746 The first globular cluster discovered was Messier ... within a globular cluster were not Angular resolution resolved until Charles Messier observed Messier ... of deep sky objects, his second such, he became the first to use the name globular cluster as their description ... Globular cluster systems year 1998 volume 30 series Cambridge astrophysics series page 2 publisher ... concentrated, Class I globular cluster. Of the globular clusters within our Milky Way, the majority ... sky centered on the core. In 1918 this strongly asymmetrical distribution was used by Harlow ... spherical distribution of globular clusters around the galaxy s center, he used the positions of the clusters ... more details
distribution of the auroral acceleration potential determined from Cluster satellite data at different ...Infobox Spacecraft Name Cluster Image Deleted image removed Image Cluster mission.jpg thumb 250px Credit ... 57 h Webpage http sci.esa.int clusterCluster is a space mission of the European Space Agency , with NASA .... The four Cluster spacecraft were successfully launched by pair in July and August 2000 onboard two Soyuz Fregat rocket s from Baikonur . In February 2011, Cluster celebrated 10 years of successful ... Administration ESA Double Star mission operated alongside Cluster from 2003 to 2007. Cluster mission overview The four identical Cluster satellites study the impact of the Sun s activity on the Earth ... . The satellites are named Rumba Salsa, Samba and Tango but are more commonly called Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3 and Cluster 4 or even C1, C2, C3 and C4. The spacecraft are cylindrical 290 x 130 ... from the spacecraft. History The Cluster mission was proposed to ESA in 1982 and approved in 1986, along with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SOHO . Though the original Cluster spacecraft were .... Three weeks later on August 9, 2000 another Soyuz Fregat rocket lifted the remaining two Cluster ... 1, 2001. The ESA ran a competition to name the Cluster satellites, which attracted participants from ... Cluster orbit.jpg thumb 300px right An illustration of the Earth s magnetosphere and the nominal orbit of the Cluster and the Double Star TC 1 satellites Credit ESA The bow shock see illustration ... from super to sub sonic before being deflected around the Earth. In traversing this region, Cluster ... crossing the magnetopause into the magnetosphere from the solar wind. Cluster s four point measurements .... Cluster records the particle distributions, which allow the turbulent regions ... magnetotail, which is highly active. Cluster monitors particles from the ionosphere and the solar wind as they pass through the magnetotail lobes. In the central plasma sheet, Cluster determines the origins ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Apropos Cluster Type Album Artist Cluster band Cluster Cover Apropos cluster.jpg Released 1991 Recorded 1989 1990 Genre Krautrock br Kosmische Musik br Experimental Music br Electronic music br Ambient Music Length Label Curious Music Producer Cluster band Cluster Reviews Last album Old Land br 1985 This album Apropos Cluster br 1991 Next album One Hour br 1995 Apropos Cluster is the ninth full length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster band Cluster . It was also their first album after an eight year long hiatus. In 1989 Dieter Moebius and Hans Joachim Roedelius reunited to the delight of their fans, recording Apropos Cluster during 1989 and 1990 in Blumau , Austria . The album was released on the Curious Music label in 1991. It was Cluster s first U.S. release. Apropos Cluster is musically and structurally similar to Grosses Wasser though it lacked the rhythmic tracks of the 1979 release, instead comprising a mixture of gentle, ambient pieces in the four shorter tracks followed by the nearly 22 minute long, more experimental title piece. Emmental became the signature track for Cluster. It was included on the 1997 live album First Encounter Tour 1996 and was often performed live by Roedelius at solo concerts during the band s second hiatus. Apropos Cluster was reissued on the Swirldisc Records label on August 23, 1996. Track listing Grenzganger 7 24 Emmental 3 24 Gespiegelt 6 58 Falls 2 57 Apropos Cluster 21 41 Personnel Hans Joachim Roedelius Dieter Moebius Stanislaw Michalik bass on Emmental References Curry, Russ http www.thing.de delektro www eng cluhist.html A Curious History of Cluster Retrieved August 17, 2007. Discogs http www.discogs.com release 232071 Retrieved August 19, 2007. Category 1991 albums Category Cluster albums 1990s electronic album stub ... more details
In chemistry a water cluster is a discrete hydrogen bond ed assembly or cluster chemistry cluster of molecule s of water molecule water . ref cite journal title Water From Clusters to the Bulk author Ralf Ludwig journal Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. year 2001 volume 40 pages 1808 1827 doi 10.1002 1521 3773 20010518 40 10 1808 AID ANIE1808 3.0.CO 2 1 pmid 11385651 ref These clusters have been found experimentally or predicted in silico in various forms of water in ice , in crystal lattice s and in bulk liquid water, the simplest one being the water dimer H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub . Ongoing academic research is important because the realization that water manifests itself as clusters rather than a isotropic collection may help explain many anomalous water characteristics such as its highly unusual density temperature dependence. Water clusters are also implicated in the stabilization of certain supramolecular structures. So little is understood about water clusters in bulk water that it is considered one of the unsolved problems in chemistry . Theoretical Studies In silico structures In silico see water model s , cyclic water clusters H sub 2 sub O sub n sub are found with n 3 to 60. With increasing cluster size the oxygen to oxygen distance is found to decrease which is attributed to so called cooperative many body interactions due to a change in charge distribution the H acceptor molecule .... Even larger clusters are predicted the fullerene like cluster W sub 28 sub is called bucky water ... Heptamer to a Bicyclic H2O 7 Cluster author M. H. Mir, J. J. Vittal journal Angew. Chem. Int. Ed ... models According to the so called in silico method quantum cluster equilibrium QCE theory of liquids ... clusters. In order to facilitate a water triple point the presence of a W sub 24 sub cluster is invoked ... Cluster Database Includes water clusters calculated with various water model s and the http www wales.ch.cam.ac.uk ... Water Cluster Category Cluster chemistry Category Water chemistry de Wassercluster fr Cluster d eau ... more details
Taxobox name Cluster flies image Schizophyllum commune with Pollenia sp. male on Betula.jpg image caption male Pollenia on Schizophyllum commune fungus growing on Betula regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Calliphoridae subfamilia Polleniinae genus Pollenia genus authority Jean Baptiste Robineau Desvoidy Robineau Desvoidy , 1830 type species Pollenia rudis Musca rudis ref name MYIA cite journal last Sabrosky first Curtis W. title Family Group Names in Diptera An annotated catalog journal MYIA, The International Journal of the North American Dipterists Society url http www.sel.barc.usda.gov diptera people FCT pdf FGNAMES.pdf volume 10 publisher Backhuys Publishers location Leidan date 1999 accessdate 2008 05 31 ref type species authority Johan Christian Fabricius Fabricius , 1794 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text The cluster flies are the genus Pollenia in the blowfly family Calliphoridae. Unlike more familiar blowflies such as the Blue bottle fly bluebottle genus Phormia , they do not present a health hazard because they do not lay eggs in human food. They are strictly parasitic on earthworm s the females lay their eggs near earthworm burrows, and the larvae then infest the worms. However, the flies are a nuisance because when the adults emerge in the late summer or autumn they enter houses to hibernation hibernate , often in large numbers they are difficult to eradicate because they favour inaccessible spaces such as roof ... as attic flies . The typical cluster fly Pollenia rudis is about 7 mm long and can be recognised ... light and dark gray areas on the abdomen . Cluster flies are typically slow moving. Cluster flies have a widespread distribution. Eight species are found in Great Britain Britain and thirty one ... of some cluster fly species Pollenia amentaria Scopoli Pollenia angustigena Wainwright and Pollenia ... 2011 DEFAULTSORT Cluster Fly Category Calliphoridae ... more details
unreferenced date June 2008 Galaxy cluster name Horologium Cluster image epoch J2000 ra RA 0 0 dec DEC 0 0 constellation Horologium member no brightest member other names The Horologium cluster is a Galaxy groups and clusters cluster of galaxies which is a part of the Horologium Supercluster . It is 900 million light year s away from the Milky Way . See also Horologium Supercluster galaxy stub Category Horologium Supercluster ko ms Gugusan Horologium ... more details
In chemistry , a cluster is an ensemble of bound atom s intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk ... York ref The phrase cluster was coined by F.A. Cotton in the early 1960s to refer to compounds containing metal metal bonds. In another definition a cluster compound contains a group of two or more metal atoms where direct and substantial metal metal bonding is present . ref Introduction to cluster ... are used and imply different meanings. For example, polynuclear refers to a cluster with more than one metal atom, regardless of the elemental identities. Heteronuclear refers to a cluster with at least two different metal elements. The main cluster types are naked clusters without stabilizing ... , halide s, isocyanide s, alkene s, and hydride s. Applications of clusters in catalysis Metal cluster ... for a wide range of reactions, especially related to carbon monoxide utilization, ref Cluster Chemistry ... to ammonia at an Fe Mo S cluster at the heart of the enzyme nitrogenase . CO is oxidized to CO sub 2 sub by the Fe Ni S cluster carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. Hydrogenase s rely on Fe sub 2 sub and NiFe ... one metal metal bond, such as Fe Ni Clusters . Cluster catalysis can be separated into three types ..., insoluble cluster networks or colloids that can be suspended in a solvent, and 3 heterogeneous ... or free. Definition of cluster catalysis Although synthetic clusters have few practical applications ... cycle. Some define cluster catalysis to include clusters that have only one active site on one ... reactions catalyzed by transition metal cluster complexes publisher Wiley VCH year 1998 location ... increases with increasing cluster concentration Product selectivities are different when using a polynuclear cluster than when using a mononuclear complex Combination of 2 or more metals in a cluster ... to proceed that was not catalyzed when using a homonuclear cluster this further indicates mixed metal catalysis Modification of a cluster or the reaction conditions in a way that promotes metal metal ... more details
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