Image Ringspecies diagram.svg thumb 300px In this diagram, interbreeding populations are represented by coloured blocks. Variation along a cline may bend right around, forming a ring. In biology , a ringspecies is a connected series of neighboring populations, each of which can interbreed with closely ... co exist in the same region thus closing a ring . Ringspecies provide important evidence of evolution ... Dawkins observes that ringspecies are only showing us in the spatial dimension something that must always happen in the time dimension. ref Dawkins, The Ancestor s Tale , 2004 303 ref Ringspecies ... world into discrete species . After all, all that distinguishes a ringspecies from two separate species ... the ring perish to sever the breeding connection, the ringspecies distal populations will be recognized ... with C and thus does not define an equivalence relation . A ringspecies is a species that exhibits ... group are then collectively referred to as a ringspecies. Problem of definition The problem, then, is whether to quantify the whole ring as a single species despite the fact that not all individuals ... with its near neighbours . Ringspecies illustrate that the species concept is not as clear cut as it is often thought to be. Larus gulls File Ringspecies seagull.svg thumb 300px right The Larus ... two phenotypes with clear differences. A classic example of ringspecies is the Larus gulls circumpolar speciesring . The range of these gulls forms a ring around the North Pole , which is not normally .... However, a recent genetic study entitled The herring gull complex is not a ringspecies has shown ... . ref This speciesring forms the subject of The Salamander s tale in Richard Dawkins The Ancestor s Tale , 2004. ref The Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides forms a speciesring, around the Himalayas ... author Irwin DE, Irwin JH, Price TD title Ringspecies as bridges between microevolution and speciation ... the Ensatina eschscholtzii complex confirm the ringspecies interpretation journal Systematic Biology ... more details
to breed. In ringspecies , members of adjacent populations interbreed successfully but members ... Endangered species Genetic pollution Genetic erosion RingspeciesSpecies problem Systematics ...Other uses Biological classification In biology , a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank . A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding .... Presence of specific locally adapted traits may further subdivide species into subspecies . The commonly used names for plant and animal taxa sometimes correspond to species for example, lion , walrus , and Camphor tree each refers to a species. In other cases common names do not for example, deer refers to a Family biology family of 34 species, including Eld s Deer , Red Deer and Elk Wapiti . The last two species were once considered a single species, illustrating how species boundaries may change with increased scientific knowledge. Species that are believed to have the same ancestors are grouped together, and this group is called a genus . A species can only belong to one genus that it was grouped ..., other similar properties are used. For plants similarities of flowers are used. All species are given ... part of a binomial name is the name of a biological genus generic name , the genus of the species ... is commonly called by its bionomial name, and is one of five species of the Boa genus. The first ... in italics. A usable definition of the word species and reliable methods of identifying particular species are essential for stating and testing biological theories and for measuring biodiversity . Traditionally, multiple examples of a proposed species must be studied for unifying characters before it can be regarded as a species. Extinct species known only from fossils are generally difficult to assign ... numbers of different species in the world, it is estimated that there are anywhere between 2 and 100 million different species. ref name SciDaily Cite web date 2003 05 26 title Just How Many Species ... more details
The Ring may refer to In literature The Ring poem The Ring poem , a poem by Heinrich Wittenwiler The Ring magazine The Ring magazine , a boxing periodical The One Ring , a fictional ring of power in J. R. R. Tolkien s Middle earth The Ring , a children s book by John Updike The Ring , a book by Daniel Keys Moran In film The Ring 1927 film The Ring 1927 film , a film by Alfred Hitchcock The Rings or Zangha , a 1985 Iranian film The Ring 1996 film The Ring 1996 film , a film by Armand Mastroianni The Ring 2002 film The Ring 2002 film , a film by Gore Verbinski In television The Ring Chuck The Ring Chuck , a fictional spy organization in Chuck The Ring Angel The Ring Angel , an episode of Angel The Ring South Park The Ring South Park , an episode of South Park The Ring Yes, Dear The Ring Yes, Dear , an episode of Yes, Dear In other uses The Ring rock formation , a rock formation in Bulgaria The Ring Terror s Realm , a video game N rburgring or the Ring, a German racetrack Vaginal ring or the Ring, a hormonal contraceptive device See also The Ring of the Nibelung or Der Ring des Nibelungen , a cycle of operas by Richard Wagner Ring disambiguation disambig da Ringen de The Ring fr The Ring id The Ring hu The Ring no The Ring pl The Ring ru sv The Ring ... more details
wiktionary Ring or rings may refer to Ring jewellery , decorative ornaments worn on fingers, toes, arm or neck In sports Ring boxing Ring wrestling Rings gymnastics , a gymnastics apparatus and its associated event RINGS , a martial arts organization also known as Fighting Network Rings In mathematics Ring geometric , or annulus, a circular shape Ring mathematics , an algebraic structure Ring of sets Ring of sets In science Ring chemistry , a cyclic molecule Planetary ring , matter orbiting a planet RING finger domain , a protein structural domain In computing Ring computer security , a layer of protection in computer systems Ring data structure , also known as ring buffer or circular buffer In entertainment Ring video game Ring video game Ring film Ring film , by Hideo Nakata Rings short film Rings short film , by Jonathan Liebesman In fiction Ring Suzuki novel Ring Suzuki novel Ring Stephen Baxter novel Ring Stephen Baxter novel In music Ring song Ring song , by Japanese duo B z Ring album Ring album , by The Connells Ring Miliyah Kato album Ring Miliyah Kato album Ring Gary Burton album Ring Gary Burton album Ring band , a 1980s British band In geography Ring, County Waterford , an Irish village In people Nick Ring , a martial artist In other Ring diacritic , as in m l Rings local I.B.M. clubs Ring magician club See also wiktionarypar ring The Ring disambiguation lookfrom ring disambig Category Rings cv da Ring de Ring es Anillo desambiguaci n fa ko he io Ringo nl Ring ja no Ring nn Ring nds Ring pl Ring sv Ring th zh ... more details
The term RingRing may refer to RingRing album RingRing album , an album by Bj rn & Benny, Agnetha & Anni Frid who would later become ABBA RingRing song RingRing song , a song by Bj rn & Benny, Agnetha & Anni Frid RingRing, a song by singer songwriter Mika singer Mika s which is a bonus track on his debut album Life in Cartoon Motion RingRing, a 14 year old girl that has a Gyarados alter ego in the Pucca TV series, see List of characters in Pucca RingRing, LLC. www.ringringllc.com Provider of vanity toll free numbers. See also disambig cs RingRing fr RingRing nl RingRing ... more details
With This Ring was a prime time panel show aired by the DuMont Television Network from January 21, 1951 to March 11, 1951. The show featured engagement engaged couples discussing marriage and marital problems. It was initially hosted by Bill Slater broadcaster Bill Slater , but the show quickly changed hosts to Martin Gabel , then left the air. ref http www.dumonthistory.tv a2.html DuMont historical website ref This show is not related in any way to a 15 minute television syndication syndicated program of the same name that aired weekly usually on Sundays on local stations throughout the U.S. for about 25 years beginning in the early 1970s. The latter program was a Roman Catholic produced show concerning the Church s doctrinal and moral positions on marriage and family life, and was produced at WJBK TV in Detroit . See also List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts References reflist Bibliography David Weinstein, The Forgotten Network DuMont and the Birth of American Television Philadelphia Temple University Press , 2004 ISBN 1 59213 245 6 Alex McNeil, Total Television , Fourth edition New York Penguin Books , 1980 ISBN 0 14 024916 8 Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows , Third edition New York Ballantine Books , 1964 ISBN 0 345 31864 1 External links http www.imdb.com title tt0331158 With This Ring at IMDB http www.dumonthistory.tv a2.html DuMont historical website Category DuMont network shows Category 1950s American television series Category 1951 television series debuts Category 1951 television series endings Nonfiction tv prog stub ... more details
lowercase title ringRingRING Infobox Single Name nowiki ringRingRING nowiki Cover ringringring.jpg Artist Aiko Kayo Released December 1, 2004 Format CD single Recorded Genre J Pop Length Label AVEX Records Writer Kenn Kato Producer Chart position Last single Ienai Kotoba br 2004 This single ringRingRING br 2004 Next single Traveller Aiko Kayo Traveller br 2004 ringRingRING is Aiko Kayo s fifth Single music single . It was released on December 1, 2004, by AVEX Records . ringRingRING was used as the 2004 Christmas theme for Sanrio Sanrio Co., Ltd . First pressings of the single included a pair of original rumika . Track listing ringRingRINGringRingRING Instrumental External links http www.avexnet.or.jp kayo disco.htm ringRingRING at AVEX Records . 2000s Japan single stub Category 2004 singles Category Aiko Kayo songs ... more details
A species complex is a group of closely related species, where the exact demarcation between species is often unclear or cryptic owing to their recent and usually still incomplete reproductive isolation . Ringspecies , superspecies and cryptic species complex are example of species complex. Such groups of species with complex relationship between species may occur in a line undergoing rapid speciation or where such speciaton recently have occurred, so that species separation mechanisms has yet to be fully developed. In such cases speciation may leave some species paraphyletic at the species level. Species complexes are more common among plants , but animal examples exist, such as the dog wolf coyote complex the genus Canis and the cobras genus Naja . Often such complexes only become evident when a new species is introduced into the system, breaking down existing species barriers. An example is the introduction of Spanish slug in Northern Europe , where interbreeding with the local black slug and red slug , traditionally considered clearly separate species that did not interbreed, shows these may actually be subspecies of the same species. ref da icon Engelke, S. 2006? Til Snegleforeningen Note to the Danish Slug society . http www.dansksnegleforening.dk Af 20Sabine 20Engelke.htm Article in Danish ref Examples of known species complexes Animals The wolf dog coyote dingo group, genus Canis The cobras, genus Naja Some species of the roundback slugs, genus Arion gastropod Arion The jellyfish genus Cyanea jellyfish Cyanea , with from 1 to 14 species, depending on author. References reflist speciation Category Speciation Category Evolutionary biology no Artskompleks ... more details
Parapatric speciation Ringspecies Speciation References reflist DEFAULTSORT Species Group Category ...A species group is an informal taxonomic rank into which an assemblage of closely related species within ... ref ref name oxford http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1O8 speciesgroup.html Michael Allaby. species group ... etd 10272008 31295014212541 Molecular systematics of the Peromyscus boylii species group ref Use The use ... sufficient differentiation to be recognized as separate species but possess inadequate variation to be recognized as subgenera . Defining species groups is a convenient way of subdividing well defined genera with a large number of recognized species. The use of species groups have enabled systematists to consolidate polytypic polytypic speciesspecies into Biological classification nominal species which in turn can be grouped into the larger array of the species group. ref name etd Range In regards to whether or not members of a species group share a Range biology range , sources differ. A source from Iowa State University Department of Agronomy says that members of a species group usually ... of Zoology Oxford University Press 1999 describes a species group as complex of related species that exist ... crosses in which only certain pairs of species will produce Hybrid biology hybrids . ref name oxford The examples given below may support both uses of the term species group. Arthropod examples The Drosophilidae fruit fly subgenus Sophophora contains the Drosophila melanogaster species group Drosophila melanogaster species group which itself contains 12 subgroups. The Drosophila obscura species group Drosophila obscura species group belongs to the same subgenus and contains 6 subgroups ... in the Drosophila melanogaster species group journal PLoS Biol. volume 5 issue 6 pages e152 year ... of wasp s, only a few species have a scavenger scavenging Habit biology habit as opposed to a strictly ... of these are the three species belonging to the Vespula vulgaris species group which includes the common ... more details
In the Xeelee Sequence of future history created by Stephen Baxter , the Qax are an alien species created from chaotic forces first in liquid before evolving to form parts of gas giant s, brown dwarf s and eventually the quantum fabric of the universe . They are few in number and as such not naturally warlike, instead they focus on trade. The Qax had a longstanding alliance with the sentient Spline alien beings Spline ships who carried them around the galaxy. Circa 5088 AD the Qax encountered humanity and a brief war was fought leading to the occupation of Earth and the colonies by the Qax. The Qax rule was brutal and they withdrew the anti aging AS treatments removing the virtual immortality that humans had gained over the past two thousand years. Circa 200 years after the invasion the GUT ship Cauchy appeared in the Sol system towing one end of a wormhole created 1500 years before. The audacious ... to investigate the Great Attractor where he found the Ring. Through careful planning he returned ... that were missed by the Xeelee. Unlike other races, the Qax waited to flee through the Ring after .... They knew the Ring was doomed but they also believed they had time to finish their own projects first ... emerged from their Xeelee prison and set out for the Ring, guided by another human Paul who had ... rushed to the Ring and began efforts to close it for good. The Qax learned of this and put their might to stopping the birds and securing the Ring from destruction. A Spline alien beings Spline fleet ... killed and they failed. During this battle the humans slipped through the Ring though not Paul who due to his status was trapped in this reality and the loss of the Ring trapped the Qax forever. Millions ... Xeelee war. They are not responsible for the loss of Xeelee technology the Ring the Ring but their attack ... for the Assimilation including the extermination of the Xeelee Sequence species Silver Ghosts Silver ... in most other books of the series. Baxter DEFAULTSORT Qax Species Category Fictional ... more details
In Species II a professor named Herman Cromwell, played by Peter Boyle , claims that the original species originated in the Large Magellanic Cloud called the Magellanic Galaxy The only other place ..., in case something from another planet came to visit so that their species could continue to infect other planets in a similar manner. Mankind s first interaction with this particular species occurred ... under the nickname Sil . Physical appearance and growth The Species appear to be sexually dimorphic ... bipedal humanoid forms and appear to be much more agile. Both genders of the Species have skeletal ... their heads which can be used to kill. However, it is unknown whether the Species is patriarchal ... in the movies. Most of the members of the Species seen are actually mutations from humans, but a pure .... In the film novelization of Species , the pure creature was actually a hybrid between the alien ... induced by the species was that of Sil . Sil grew into a visible fetus in a single day and then into a young ... of technological achievement The Species are currently at, however their mentioned mastery of black ..., the Species have not been shown to have space travel capabilities, however in a rejected Species .... In the movie novelization of Species II , the Species had once established a colony on Mars and consumed ... of Spaceflight space travel . However, a character speculates that the Species .... Species Films DEFAULTSORT Species Alien Species Category Species films Category Fictional life forms ... more details
, as well as having many other useful properties. If S is the semiring of species, then the ring ... sets for R a Ring mathematics ring of power series, is a weighted species . A tensor ial species ...In combinatorics combinatorial mathematics , the theory of combinatorial species is an abstract, systematic ... there are of a certain size. One goal of species theory is to be able to analyse complicated ... of a structure such as adjacency list versus adjacency matrix for graphs is irrelevant, because species ..., but it is not necessary to understand categories before being able to work with species. Definition of species Any structure &mdash an instance of a particular species &mdash is associated with some ... set. At the same time, any set could be used to build the structures. The difference between one species ... to the formal definition of a combinatorial species . Let math mathcal B math be the category of finite ... . A species is a functor math F colon mathcal B to mathcal B , math given a set A , it yields the set ... of F structures along . For example, the species of permutations maps each finite set A to the set ... from the set of all permutations of A to the set of all permutations of B . Similarly, the species ... partition s, and the power set species assigns to each finite set its power set . There is a standard ... it is built. Image Combinatorial species example 1.png center 200px The choice of math mathcal B math as the category on which species operate is important. Because a bijection can only exist between ... generating series F x of a species F can be defined math F x sum n ge 0 f n frac x n n math where math f n math is the size of F A for any set A having n elements. Some examples The species of sets ... f n 1 math , so math E x e x math . The species S of permutations, described above, has math f n n math . math S x 1 1 x math . The species T sub 2 sub of pairs 2 tuple s is the functor taking a set A to A sup 2 sup . Then math f n n 2 math and math T 2 x x x 1 e x math . Calculus of species ... more details
Dominant species may mean Dominant species ecology , one of a small number of species which dominate in an ecological community Dominant Species novel Dominant Species novel by Michael E. Marks Dominant Species video game Dominant Species video game Dominant Species album Dominant Species album , an album by New Zealand singer King Kapisi Disambig ... more details
Wiktionary speciesSpecies is one of the basic units of biological classification. Species may also refer to Chemical species , a common name for atoms, molecules, molecular fragments, ions, etc. Species problem , a mixture of difficult, related questions that often come up when biologists identify species Combinatorial species , an abstract, systematic method for analysing discrete structures in terms of generating functions Counterpoint Species counterpoint Species counterpoint , a relationship between two or more voices in music Species film , a science fiction horror film Species II , the sequel Species III , a direct to video sequel Species The Awakening Species The Awakening , another direct to video sequel Species , the forms bread and wine of the Eucharist , especially in discussion of transubstantiation See also Specie disambiguation , an unrelated term used to refer to coins disambig cs Druh de Species es Especie desambiguaci n it Species hu Faj egy rtelm s t lap nl Species pt Esp cie desambigua o ro Specie dezambiguizare sk Druh sr fi Species sv Species ... more details
The Female of the Species may refer to The Female of the Species Kipling poem , first published in 1911 The Female of the Species play , a comic play written by Joanna Murray Smith and produced in the West End, London, in 2008 Female of the Species , a 1996 song by Space English band The Female of the Species Tales of Mystery and Suspense , an anthology edited by Joyce Carol Oates Female of the Species & Female of the Species Vol2, A 2cd compilation series from Law & Auder Records featuring female electronic musicians from around the world Disambig ... more details
Wildlife species may refer to A taxonomic species found in the wild Evolutionary Significant Unit , a grouping used in conservation which may refer to species, subspecies, or other groups disambig ... more details
Plasmodium subdivision ranks Species subdivision see text The genus Plasmodium is a member of the order Haemosporidia . It is the largest genus within this order and currently consists of over 250 species ... s can be seen within erythrocytes and may displace the host nucleus Merozoites have a signet ring appearance ... The full taxonomic name of a species includes the subgenus but this is often omitted in practice. The full name indicates some features of the morphology and type of host species. Sixteen subgenera are currently recognised. The avian species were discovered soon after the description of P. falciparum ... and the avian species respectively. The 5th and 6th Congresses of Malaria held at Istanbul 1953 ... was applied to the species infecting humans and Haemamoeba to those infecting lizards and birds. This proposal ... based taxonomy is revising many traditional groupings of protozoa. Species with mammalian hosts Laverania Species in this subgenus infect higher primates including man and have characteristic sickle shaped female gametocytes. The type species is Plasmodium falciparum . Plasmodium Species infecting ... . The type species is Plasmodium malariae . Vinckeia Parasites infecting other mammals including lower primate s lemur s and others are classified in the subgenus Vinckeia . The type species is Plasmodium bubalis . Species with avian hosts Bennettinia Schizonts contain scant cytoplasm, are often round ... tend to be round or oval, do not exceed the size of the nucleus and stick to it. The type species is Plasmodium ... are elongated. Exoerythrocytic schizogony occurs in the mononuclear phagocyte system. The type species ... larger than the host nucleus. The type species is Plasmodium relictum . Huffia Mature schizonts .... Gametocytes are elongated. The type species is Plasmodium elongatum . Novyella Mature schizonts ... . Exoerythrocytic schizogony occurs in the mononuclear phagocyte system The type species is Plasmodium vaughani . Species with reptilian hosts Although over 3200 species of lizard have been identified ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 File Kelp forest.jpg thumb Californian kelp forest In ecology , a foundation species is a dominant primary producer in an ecosystem both in terms of abundance and influence. Examples include kelp in kelp forest s and coral s in coral reef s. Keystone species are the engineers of an ecosystem. Ex beavers. See also Keystone species Indicator species Flagship species clear modelling ecosystems DEFAULTSORT Foundation Species Category Ecology Ecology stub ... more details
In wildlife conservation , Species of Concern is an informal term, not defined in the federal Endangered Species Act . The term commonly refers to species that are declining or appear to be in need of concentrated conservation actions. Many agencies and organizations maintain lists of these at risk species. External links http www.nmfs.noaa.gov pr species concern The National Marine Fisheries Species of Concern page Category Conservation in the United States Category United States federal environmental legislation Category United States Fish and Wildlife Service ... more details
Cleanup date April 2010 An Adventive species is one that has arrived in the geographical area specified from somewhere else by any means i.e. through imported plants , but is not self sustaining and whose numbers are only increased through non reproductive means, unlike a Naturalisation biology naturalised species . See also Naturalisation biology Introduced species Invasive species Weed DEFAULTSORT Adventive Species Category Introduced species Category Ecological processes Category Environmental issues with conservation Category Habitat ecology terminology Ecology stub ... more details
Wikify date December 2010 A Species affinis Affinis , abbreviations sp. aff. , Aff. , or Affin. is a species related to but not identical with the named species. ref cite web url http www.cactus art.biz note book Dictionary Dictionary S dictionary species affinis.htm title Species affinis Affinis work Dictionary of botanic terminology publisher cactus art.biz accessdate 2010 12 13 ref Reference reflist DEFAULTSORT Species Affinis Category Taxonomy Biology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Image JCBCP logo.png thumb Project logo showing the use of the Zanzibar Red Colobus as the flagship species for conservation in Zanzibar A flagship species is a species chosen to represent an environmentalism environmental cause, such as an ecosystem in need of conservation biology conservation . These species are chosen for their endangered species vulnerability , attractiveness or distinctiveness in order to engender support and acknowledgment from the public at large. Thus, the concept of a flagship species holds that by giving publicity to a few key species, the support given to those species will successfully leverage conservation of entire ecosystems and all species contained therein. Examples of flagship species include the Asiatic lion and the Bengal tiger of India, the giant panda of China , the golden lion tamarin of Brazil, the African elephant , the mountain gorilla of central Africa , and the orangutan of southeast Asia . See also Keystone species Indicator species Foundation species Charismatic megafauna Umbrella species References Principles of Environmental Science , By Cunninghan and Cunningham 2009, McGraw Hill modelling ecosystems expanded other Category Conservation ko it Specie bandiera fi Lippulaivalaji ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Species sorting , also known as units of selection species selection , is a theory which states that evolution can proceed by the natural selection of traits found at the species level rather than the organismal or genetic level, for example traits such as population size and population structure are properties of populations. This is not to be confused with Georgy Gause Gause s competitive exclusion principle which states that each species will eventually have its own ecological niche as two species cannot occupy the same niche for an unlimited amount of time without extinction. One will be more competitive than the other species. Therefore, if two species with the same niche were left in the same area, eventually one of the species would evolve and participate in Niche differentiation resource partitioning . References Jablonski, D. 2008. Species selection theory and data. Annual Review of Ecology, evolution and systematics 39 501 524 Category Evolutionary biology Biology stub ... more details
Sibling Species are species very similar in appearance, behavior and other characteristics while they are Reproductive isolation reproductively isolated . See also Sympatric speciation Category Evolutionary biology Category Population genetics Category Speciation de Zwillingsart es Especies gemelas it Sibling species ru stq Twillingstaxa ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In evolutionary biology , a species flock is a diverse group of closely related species in an isolated area. A species flock may arise when a species penetrates a new geographical area and diversifies to occupy a variety of ecological niche s this process is known as adaptive radiation . The first species flock to be recognized as such was the 13 species of Darwin s finches on the Gal pagos Islands described by Charles Darwin . A species flock may also arise when a species acquires an adaptation that allows it to exploit a new ecological niche. For example, the Notothenioidei Antarctic notothenioid fishes are a species flock of 122 marine fishes that have an adaptation that allows them to survive in the freezing, ice laden waters of the Southern Ocean because of the presence of an antifreeze glycoprotein in their blood and body fluids. The cichlid s are a group of perciform fishes that contains a number of species flocks found in the lakes and rivers of central and southern Africa. DEFAULTSORT Species Flock Category Evolutionary biology Evolution stub de Artenschwarm ... more details
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