Infobox disease Name Rhabdomyolysis Image RhabdoUrine.JPG Alt A container half full with brown stained urine, characteristic for rhabdomyolysis Caption Urine from a person with rhabdomyolysis showing the characteristic ... eMedicine mult eMedicine2 ped 2003 MeshID D012206 Rhabdomyolysis IPAc en icon r b d m a ... the risk of rhabdomyolysis. The diagnosis is usually made with blood test s and urinalysis . The mainstay ... in more severe cases. ref name CritCare2005 ref name Bosch Rhabdomyolysis and its complications ... to treat survivors with rhabdomyolysis. The disease was first described in the 20th century, and important ... name Vanholder2000 Horse s may also suffer from rhabdomyolysis from a variety of causes. ref name Aleman Signs and symptoms The symptoms of rhabdomyolysis depend on the severity of the condition, and whether kidney failure develops. Milder forms of rhabdomyolysis may not cause any muscle symptoms, and the diagnosis is based on abnormal blood test s in the context of other problems. More severe rhabdomyolysis ... journal author Huerta Alard n AL, Varon J, Marik PE title Bench to bedside review rhabdomyolysis an overview ... author Bosch X, Poch E, Grau JM title Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury journal New England Journal ... ref ref name AmFamPract2002 cite journal author Sauret JM, Marinides G, Wang GK title Rhabdomyolysis ... cite journal author Warren JD, Blumbergs PC, Thompson PD title Rhabdomyolysis a review journal Muscle ... rhabdomyolysis. ref name CritCare2005 Multiple causes can be present simultaneously in one person ... them more prone to rhabdomyolysis. ref name Bosch ref name Warren Common and important causes ... the risk of rhabdomyolysis. ref name Elsayed The most important ones are ref name CritCare2005 ... of rhabdomyolysis. ref name Armitage Other statins have a small risk of 0.44 cases per 10,000 person ... muscle rigidity with rhabdomyolysis and hyperpyrexia Neuromuscular blocking agents used in anesthesia may result in malignant hyperthermia , also associated with rhabdomyolysis Medications that cause ... more details
refimprove date October 2010 Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis ER , also known as tying up , azoturia , or Monday morning disease is a syndrome that damages the muscle tissue in horses. It is usually due to overfeeding a horse carbohydrates and appears to have a genetic link. Causes and process of ER Beyond a highly probable hereditary factor, there does not seem to be a single cause that triggers ER in horses. Exercise is seen in every case, but exercise is always accompanied by another factor. It is likely that several factors must act together in order to cause an ER attack. Other possible factors include The overfeeding of non structural carbohydrates grain and pellets, for example Poor conditioning or fitness, sudden increase of workload The work of a horse after a period of rest, if the concentrate ration was not reduced Electrolyte or mineral imbalances, especially seen with potassium A deficiency in selenium or vitamin E Imbalance of hormones, including the reproductive hormones in nervous fillies and mares and thyroid hormones in horses with hypothyroidism Wet, cold, or windy weather conditions The more factors that are present, the greater the likelihood that the horse will develop ER. However, the most common cause of ER is an imbalance between the animal s diet and his workload, especially when he has a high grain diet. ER occurs when there is an inadequate flow of blood to the muscles of an exercising horse. The muscle cells, lacking in oxygen, begin to function Anaerobic respiration anaerobically to produce the needed Adenosine triphosphate ATP . The anaerobic work creates a buildup of waste products, acid, and heat. This subsequently alters the cell by preventing the cell s enzymes from functioning and the myofilaments from efficiently contracting. The cell membranes may then be damaged if the horse is forced to continue work, which allows muscle enzymes ... 357 368. DEFAULTSORT Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Category Equine injury and lameness Category ... more details
Myolysis may refer to Any breakdown of muscle tissue Laser surgery of leiomyoma Rhabdomyolysis , breakdown of skeletal muscle disambig ... more details
to reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis . During post marketing surveillance, 52 deaths were reported in patients using cerivastatin, mainly from rhabdomyolysis and its resultant renal failure . ref Furberg ... use of cerivastatin and risk of rhabdomyolysis journal JAMA volume 292 issue 21 pages 2622 31 year 2004 pmid 15572720 doi 10.1001 jama.292.21.2622 ref Frequency of deadly incidents of rhabdomyolysis ... associated rhabdomyolysis language German journal Wien Med Wochenschr volume 153 issue 11 12 pages ... of rhabdomyolysis were reported. This put the risk of this rare complication at 5 10 times that of the other ... medicines library qsm drugalert alert102.html Voluntary withdrawal of Cerivastatin Reports of Rhabdomyolysis ... more details
EER may refer to Energy efficiency ratio , or COP, a measure to assess heat pumps and air conditioners Energy efficiency rating , a score out of six stars applied to housing in the Australian Capital Territory East of England Regiment , a British army unit Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis , a muscular problem due to carbohydrate overload in horses Emerging Energy Research, a subsidiary of IHS Inc. Enhanced Entity Relationship Model , a high level conceptual data model extended from the Entity Relationship Model European Economic Review , a journal published by Elsevier Equal Error Rate, a score to measure the accuracy of a Biometric system. Experimental event rate Enlisted Performance Report See also Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy EERE , a U.S. government office Eers , a nickname for West Virginia Mountaineers Disambiguation fr EER ... more details
Infobox disease Name Myoglobinuria Image RhabdoUrine.JPG Caption Urine from a person with rhabdomyolysis showing the characteristic brown discoloration as a result of myoglobinuria DiseasesDB 23059 ICD10 ICD10 R 82 1 r 80 ICD9 ICD9 791.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 1535 MeshID D009212 File Myoglobin.png thumb Model of helical domains in myoglobin. Myoglobinuria is the presence of myoglobin in the urine , usually associated with rhabdomyolysis or muscle destruction. Myoglobin is present in muscle cells as a reserve of oxygen . Causes Physical trauma Trauma , vascular problems, venom s, certain drugs and other situations can destroy or damage the muscle, releasing myoglobin to the circulation and thus to the kidneys. Under ideal situations myoglobin will be filtered and excreted with the urine, but if too much myoglobin is released into the circulation or in case of renal problems, it can occlude the renal filtration system leading to acute tubular necrosis and acute renal insufficiency . Other causes of myoglobinuria include McArdle s disease Phosphofructokinase deficiency ref name pmid18421897 cite journal author Toscano A, Musumeci O title Tarui disease and distal glycogenoses clinical and genetic update journal Acta Myol volume 26 issue 2 pages 105 7 year 2007 month October pmid 18421897 doi url pmc 2949577 ref Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency Diagnosis After centrifuging, the serum of myoglobinuria is clear, where the serum of hemoglobinuria after centrifuge is pink. Citation needed date January 2008 External links http neuromuscular.wustl.edu msys myoglob.html Overview on the Neuromuscular disease center website. References reflist Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for urine Category Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for urine disease stub de Myoglobinurie ru ... more details
Image Quails browning in pan.jpg file thumb right 250px Quails browning Both Old World Quail Old World and New World quail include edible game species. The Common Quail was previously much favoured in French cuisine French cooking , but quail for the table are now more likely to be domesticated Japanese Quail . The Common Quail is also part of Polish cuisine , Maltese cuisine and Portuguese cuisine , as well as in Indian cuisine such as a bhuna and Kerala Specialties. Quails are commonly eaten complete with the bones, since these are easily chewed and the small size of the bird makes it inconvenient to remove them. Quail that have fed on conium hemlock e.g. during migration may induce acute renal failure due to accumulation of toxic substances from the hemlock in the meat this problem is referred to as coturnism . ref name pmid15313988 cite journal author Tsironi M, Andriopoulos P, Xamodraka E, et al. title The patient with rhabdomyolysis have you considered quail poisoning? journal CMAJ volume 171 issue 4 pages 325 6 year 2004 pmid 15313988 doi 10.1503 cmaj.1031256 url http www.cmaj.ca cgi content full 171 4 325 pmc 509041 ref See also Quail eggs . References Reflist cookbook Category Meat ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Aldolase A deficiency Image Caption DiseasesDB 29873 ICD10 ICD10 E 74 1 e 70 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 611881 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Aldolase A deficiency , also called ALDOA deficiency and red cell aldolase deficiency , ref OMIM 611881 ref is an autosomal recessive ref cite journal pmid 2825199 year 1987 month December author Kishi H, Mukai T, Hirono A, Fujii H, Miwa S, Hori K title Human aldolase A deficiency associated with a hemolytic anemia thermolabile aldolase due to a single base mutation volume 84 issue 23 pages 8623 8627 issn 0027 8424 pmc 299598 journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America format Free full text doi 10.1073 pnas.84.23.8623 ref metabolic disorder resulting in a deficiency of the enzyme aldolase A , which is found predominantly in muscle and red blood cell s. It may lead to myopathy , exercise intolerance and rhabdomyolysis associated with hemolytic anaemia . Image autorecessive.svg thumb right Aldolase A deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance . References reflist Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism Category Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism Category Autosomal recessive disorders Category Red blood cell disorders Category Rare diseases endocrine disease stub ... more details
Hypolipidemic agents , or antihyperlipidemic agents , are a diverse group of pharmacology pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia s. They are called lipid lowering drugs LLD or agents. Classes of hypolipidemic drugs There are several classes of hypolipidemic drugs. They may differ in both their impact on the cholesterol profile and adverse effects. For example, some may lower the bad cholesterol low density lipoprotein LDL more so than others, while others may preferentially increase high density lipoprotein HDL , the good cholesterol . Clinically, the choice of an agent will depend on the patient s cholesterol cholesterol profile , http hp2010.nhlbihin.net atpiii calculator.asp?usertype prof cardiovascular risk , and the Liver function test liver and Creatinine clearance kidney functions of the patient, evaluated against the balancing of risks and benefits of the medications. In the United States, this is guided by the evidence based medicine evidence based guideline from the National Cholesterol Education Program NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III ATPIII . Established statin s are particularly well suited for lowering LDL, the cholesterol with the strongest links to cardiovascular diseases. In studies using standard doses, statins have been found to lower LDL C by 18 to 55 , depending on the specific statin being used. There is a risk of severe muscle damage myopathy & rhabdomyolysis with statins. fibrate s are indicated for hypertriglyceridemia . Fibrates typically lower triglycerides by 20 to 50 . Level of the good cholesterol HDL is also increased. Fibrates may decrease LDL, though generally to a lesser degree than statins. Similar to statins, there is a risk of severe muscle damage myopathy & rhabdomyolysis with fibrates. niacin , like fibrates, is also well suited for lowering triglycerides by 20 50 . It may also lower LDL by 5 25 and increase HDL by 15 35 . Niacin may cause hyperglycemia , and may also cause hepatotoxicity liver damage . ... more details
In medicine , LDL apheresis is a form of apheresis , resembling dialysis , to eliminate the cholesterol containing particle low density lipoprotein LDL from the bloodstream. Uses It is used in diseases featuring high LDL, such as the rare disease rare homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia , when the heterozygous form does not respond to medical treatment, or when the treatment has led to dangerous Adverse effect medicine side effects such as rhabdomyolysis . The procedure takes 2 4 hours and must be repeated every several weeks to keep the LDL levels from accumulation and causing cardiovascular disease . It is an expensive procedure, limiting its use to severe cases of hyperlipidemia . Principles LDL apheresis works by leading venous blood through a column coated with antibody antibodies to apolipoprotein B the main protein of LDL particles , dextran dextran sulfate sulfate or polyacrylate , or by precipitating LDL with heparin at low pH . In all cases apart from polyacrylate absorption , blood plasma plasma is separated from blood cell cells by a cell separator . References Thompson GR. LDL Apheresis . Atherosclerosis 2003 167 1 13. PMID 12618263. Vella A, Pineda AA, O Brien T. Low density lipoprotein apheresis for the treatment of refractory hyperlipidemia. Mayo Clin Proc 2001 76 1039 46. PMID 11605688. External links http www.apheresis.org American Society for Apheresis http www.csmc.edu 2350.html LDL apheresis information on from Cedars Sinai Medical Centre . http www.liposorber.com LDL apheresis information on from Liposorber . Category Medical treatments de LDL Apherese ... more details
, rhabdomyolysis , and death. ref cite journal last Syed first Husnain authorlink coauthors Sumit Som, Nazia Khan, Wael Faltas title Doxylamine toxicity seizure, rhabdomyolysis and false positive urine ..., an overdose results in rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure . ref cite journal last Leybishkis ... of rhabdomyolysis journal American journal of the medical sciences volume 322 issue 1 pages 48 9 publisher ... more details
Monday Morning may refer to Music Monday Morning band , a Christian rock band from the United States Monday Morning Apocalypse , the sixth studio album from the metal band Evergrey Monday Morning Melanie Fiona song Monday Morning Melanie Fiona song , a song by Melanie Fiona from her debut album The Bridge Monday Morning Fleetwood Mac song Monday Morning Fleetwood Mac song , a song by Fleetwood Mac from their 1975 album Fleetwood Mac Monday Morning , a song by Christina Aguilera from her 2010 album Bionic Christina Aguilera album Bionic Monday Morning , a song by Pulp from their 1995 album Different Class Monday Morning , a song by the band Rialto band Rialto Other Monday Morning book Monday Morning book , a book by Patrick Hamilton writer Patrick Hamilton , published in 1925 Monday Morning company , a think tank with headquarters in Copenhagen Monday Morning Disease , another name for the syndrome Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, which damages muscle tissue in horses Monday Morning film Monday Morning film , by Otar Iosseliani Monday Morning magazine Monday Morning magazine , a prominent Lebanese English language weekly magazine Monday Morning newsletter Monday Morning newsletter , a student s e newsletter of NIT Rourkela Monday Morning Blues , a collection of articles by the conservative journalist Peter Hitchens disambiguation ... more details
The erythromycin breath test ERMBT is a method used to measure metabolism oxidation and elimination from the system by a part of the cytochrome P450 system. Erythromycin is isotopic labelling tagged with carbon 14 and given as an intravenous injection after 20 minutes the subject blows up a balloon and the carbon dioxide exhaled that is tagged with carbon 14 shows the activity of the CYP3A4 isoenzyme on the erythromycin. Therefore, this activity can predict how other drugs that are metabolized by the CYP3A4 part of the cytochrome P450 system will be acted upon by a particular person. This is important because it allows doctors to determine or predict an individual s drug treatment outcome. Will a patient develop serious or fatal side effects from a certain drug? Which foods and drugs should not be taken together? With this and other tests a physician may determine treatment outcomes in advance or study the effects of new drugs. ref cite journal pmid 15544435 volume 5 issue 5 title Therapeutic drugs that behave as mechanism based inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 year 2004 month October author Zhou S, Chan E, Lim LY, et al. journal Curr. Drug Metab. pages 415 42 ref Some patients have a congenital inability to synthesize certain enzymes, so drugs may build up to toxic levels in their system or other drugs and foods a patient is taking may consume all of their ability to metabolize certain foods and drugs. An example is when a person taking a cholesterol lowering statin drug then drinking grapefruit juice , they may have a poor treatment outcome adverse drug reaction and sustain liver damage or kidney failure due to drug induced rhabdomyolysis the breaking up of muscle tissue . ref http www.kfshrc.edu.sa annals 186 98 069.html ref References Reflist Category Enzymes Category Breath tests ... more details
Taxobox image image width regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Homobasidiomycetae subclassis Hymenomycete s ordo Russulales familia Russulaceae genus Russula species R. subnigricans binomial Russula subnigricans binomial authority Tsuguo Hongo Hongo 1955 mycomorphbox name Russula subnigricans whichGills free capShape convex hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType mycorrhizal sporePrintColor white howEdible poisonous Russula subnigricans is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula found in China and North America. It has been responsible for mushroom poisoning in Taiwan. The effect was a serious one, rhabdomyolysis . Several active agents have been isolated one designated russuphelin A by researchers in Japan. ref cite journal author Takahashi A, Agatsuma T, Matsuda M, Ohta T, Nunozawa T, Endo T, Nozoe S year 1992 title Russuphelin A, a new cytotoxic substance from the mushroom Russula subnigricans Hongo. journal Chem Pharm Bull Tokyo . volume 40 issue 12 pages 3185 88 pmid 1294320 ref The species was named by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1955. The name has also been applied to a North American fungus Russula eccentrica . ref cite web author Wood M, Stevens F title California Fungi Russula eccentrica work The Fungi of California website publisher Mykoweb year 2007 url http www.mykoweb.com CAF species Russula eccentrica.html accessdate 2008 02 12 ref The toxin has been identified as cycloprop 2 ene carboxylic acid and has only four carbon atoms ref http uk.reuters.com article scienceNews idUKTRE54N1HI20090524?feedType nl&feedName uktechnology ref . See also List of deadly fungi List of Russula species List of Russula species References Reflist wikispecies Category Russula subnigricans Category Poisonous fungi Russulales stub ja vi Russula subnigricans ... more details
Propofol infusion syndrome is a rare syndrome first described by Dr. Amit Borah which affects patients undergoing long term treatment with high doses of the anaesthetic and sedative drug propofol . It can lead to cardiac failure , rhabdomyolysis , metabolic acidosis and renal failure and is often fatal. ref name Vasile cite journal last Vasile first Vasile B coauthors Rasulo F, Candiani A, Latronico N. date September 2003 title The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome a simple name for a complex syndrome. journal Intensive Care Medicine volume 29 issue 9 pages 1417 25 doi 10.1007 s00134 003 1905 x pmid 12904852 ref ref name Zaccheo cite journal last Zaccheo first Melissa M coauthors Bucher, Donald H. date June 2008 title Propofol Infusion Syndrome A Rare Complication With Potentially Fatal Results. journal Critical Care Nurse volume 28 issue 3 pages 18 25 url http ccn.aacnjournals.org cgi content full 28 3 18 pmid 18515605 ref ref name Sharshar Cite journal last1 Sharshar first1 T. title ICU acquired neuromyopathy, delirium and sedation in intensive care unit journal Ann Fr Anesth Reanim volume 27 issue 7 8 pages 617 22 month year 2008 doi 10.1016 j.annfar.2008.05.010 pmid 18584998 ref Hyperkalemia , hypertriglyceridemia , and hepatomegaly are also key features. It is associated with high doses and long term use of propofol 4 mg kg hr for more than 24 hours . It occurs more commonly in children, and critically ill patients receiving catecholamines and glucocorticoids are at high risk. Treatment is Supportive. Early recognition of the syndrome and discontinuation of the propofol infusion reduces morbidity and mortality. References Reflist Category Syndromes med stub ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 460110929 ImageFile Cycloprop 2 ene carboxylic acid.png ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize 121 ImageName Skeletal formula of cycloprop 2 ene carboxylic acid SystematicName Cycloprop 2 ene 1 carboxylic acid ref Cite web url http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 25241629 title NChemBio.179 comp1 work The PubChem Project location USA publisher National Center for Biotechnology Information ref Section1 Chembox Identifiers PubChem 25241629 PubChem Ref Pubchemcite correct PubChem ChEMBL 1213481 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI SMILES OC O C1C C1 SMILES1 C1 CC1C O O StdInChI 1S C4H4O2 c5 4 6 3 1 2 3 h1 3H, H,5,6 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider InChI 1 C4H4O2 c5 4 6 3 1 2 3 h1 3H, H,5,6 StdInChIKey DBWAQSJZNKRLLE UHFFFAOYSA N StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider InChIKey DBWAQSJZNKRLLE UHFFFAOYAV ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 21782462 Section2 Chembox Properties C 4 H 4 O 2 ExactMass 84.021129372 g mol sup 1 sup LogP 0.816 pKa 4.246 pKb 9.751 Cycloprop 2 ene carboxylic acid is a toxic molecule found in some mushrooms such as Russula subnigricans and Tricholoma equestre . ref name mac cite journal doi 10.1038 nchembio.179 title Identification of the toxic trigger in mushroom poisoning year 2009 last1 Matsuura first1 Masanori last2 Saikawa first2 Yoko last3 Inui first3 Kosei last4 Nakae first4 Koichi last5 Igarashi first5 Masayuki last6 Hashimoto first6 Kimiko last7 Nakata first7 Masaya journal Nature Chemical Biology volume 5 pages 465 7 pmid 19465932 issue 7 ref When ingested, the molecule is known to cause rhabdomyolysis . ref name mac In mice, by oral injection, the molecule is lethal at 2.5 mg kg of body mass and poisoning is indicated by an increase in serum creatine phosphokinase activity. Polymerization at high concentrations via ene reaction abolishes toxicity. ref name mac References Reflist Biochem stub Organic compound stub Category Carboxylic acids Category ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 13135 ICD10 ICD10 T 79 5 t 79 ICD9 ICD9 958.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D003444 Crush syndrome also physical trauma traumatic rhabdomyolysis or Bywaters syndrome is a medical condition characterized by major Shock medical shock and renal failure after a wikt crush crushing injury to skeletal muscle . Cases occur commonly in catastrophes such as earthquake s, in which victims that have been trapped under fallen masonry. Pathophysiology The syndrome was discovered by United Kingdom British physician Eric Bywaters in patients during the 1941 London The Blitz Blitz . ref WhoNamedIt synd 3870 ref ref cite journal last Bywaters first E. G. last2 Beall first2 D. title Crush injuries with impairment of renal function journal British Medical Journal Br Med J year 1941 volume 1 issue pages 427 432 doi ref It is a reperfusion injury that appears after the release of the crushing pressure. The mechanism is believed to be the release into the bloodstream of muscle breakdown products notably myoglobin , potassium and phosphorus that are the products of rhabdomyolysis the breakdown of skeletal muscle damaged by ischemia ischemic conditions . The specific action on the kidney s is not understood completely, but may be due partly to nephrotoxicity nephrotoxic metabolite s of myoglobin. Seigo Minami , a Japanese physician, first reported the crush syndrome in 1923. ref cite journal last Minami first Seigo year 1923 title ber Nierenver nderungen nach Versch ttung journal Virchows Arch. Patho. Anat. volume 245 issue 1 pages doi 10.1007 BF01992107 ref ref Medical discoveries Who and when Schmidt JF. Springfield CC Thomas, 1959. p.115. ref ref Morton s medical bibliography An annotated check list of texts illustrating History of medicine Garrison Morton . Aldershot Solar Press 1911. p.654. ref He studied the pathology of 3 soldiers who died in World War I from insufficiency of the kidney. The renal ch ... more details
Lymphangitis in horses is an inflammation or swelling associated with impairment of the lymphatic system , particularly in a limb. It is most commonly a bacterial infection, although bacterial culture may be negative. Often referred to as Fat Big Leg Disease, it is sometimes known as Weed or Monday Morning Disease not to be confused with the more common usage of MMD referring to Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Azoturia . This article refers mainly to Sporadic Lymphangitis . Ulcerative lymphangitis is referred to in passing, as it is managed in a similar manner. Epizootic Lymphangitis is similar to glanders , but caused by the fungus Histoplasma Histoplasma farciminosum . ref OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2004 Chapter 2.5.13, http www.oie.int eng normes mmanual a summry.htm ref Causes Corynebacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis has been cultured from some cases particularly of ulcerative lymphangitis however, in others, bacterial culture is negative. This may be because a The micro organism responsible is difficult to culture e.g. many Mycoplasma species . b The organism has been effectively eliminated by the immune system and the pathology is due to an excessive immune response after the organism has been cleared. c The organism is not a bacterium but a fungus and therefore very difficult to culture. d There is no causative organism and the disease has another cause. Of these, a is thought to be the most likely, and d the most improbable. Clinical signs Extreme swelling of a limb, usually a hindlimb is seen, often as far proximally as the hock , or occasionally as far proximally as the stifle joint stifle . In some cases swelling continues through the udder or sheath and along the subcutaneous abdominal veins. In the early stages, the swelling is primarily a pitting oedema in other words, if pressed, a depression remains in the skin of the limb. The affected leg may reach twice or even three tim ... more details
, may result from serious damage to the muscles, or rhabdomyolysis , where muscle cells breakdown ... urgent assessment for rhabdomyolysis as in about 30 of cases this leads to acute renal failure ... function and growth hormone levels will be completed. Urine studies are required only if rhabdomyolysis is suspected. Urine volume, urine sediment and myoglobin levels would be ascertained. If rhabdomyolysis ... more details
Infobox Disease Name High anion gap metabolic acidosis Image Caption DiseasesDB 15112 ICD10 ICD10 E 87 2 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 276.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID High anion gap metabolic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis characterized by a high anion gap . The list of agents that cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis is similar to but broader than the list of agents that cause a serum osmolal gap . Causes Causes include Mudpiles The mnemonic MUDPILES is commonly used to remember the causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis. ref MedicalMnemonics 1203 3255 ref ref http fitsweb.uchc.edu student selectives TimurGraham Anion Gap.html Anion Gap Acid Base Tutorial, University of Connecticut Health Center Bot generated title ref M Methanol U Uremia chronic renal failure D Diabetic ketoacidosis P Propylene glycol P used to stand for Paraldehyde but substance is not commonly used today I Infection , Iron , Isoniazid , Inborn errors of metabolism L Lactic acidosis E Ethylene glycol Note Ethanol is sometimes included in this mnemonic as well, although the acidosis caused by ethanol is actually primarily due to the increased production of lactic acid found in such intoxication. S Salicylates Another frequently used mnemonic is KARMEL. K Ketoacidosis A acetylsalicylic acid ASA R Renal failure M Methanol E Ethylene glycol L Lactic acidosis Another frequently used mnemonic is KUPIN. K Ketoacidosis DKA, AKA U Uremia P Production Lactic Acidosis, D lactic acidosis I Ingestions Ethylene glycol, methanol N Need to Remember ASA, Metformin Other formaldehyde toluene sulfates metformin ref name pmid12380915 cite journal author Chang CT, Chen YC, Fang JT, Huang CC title High anion gap metabolic acidosis in suicide don t forget metformin intoxication two patients experiences journal Ren Fail volume 24 issue 5 pages 671 5 year 2002 month September pmid 12380915 doi 10.1081 JDI 120013973 url ref rhabdomyolysis ref name urlMetabolic Acidosis Acid Base Reg ... more details
Indian name Kugan Ananthan Kugan Ananthan ?&ndash 20 January 2009 was a Royal Malaysian Police detainee who died in the police lock up while under arrest for suspicion of car robbery. Kugan s family alleged he had been tortured to death while in police custody. His case was later classified as murder by the Attorney General of Malaysia Attorney General , and 11 officers at the station where he died were transferred to desk duty. The Inspector General of Police has promised a full investigation into Kugan s death. An initial autopsy declared the cause of death to be acute pulmonary edema fluid accumulation in the lungs , but Kugan s family alleged scratches and other bruises on the corpse were proof he had been tortured. A second autopsy was later held. This second autopsy found the cause of death to be rhabdomyolysis &mdash skeletal muscle damage resulting in acute kidney failure . Health Ministry director general Tan Sri Ismail Merican later released a report on the differences between the two autopsies. The report, based on the findings of a 10 person committee, suggested that although Kugan had been beaten, probably with a flexible blunt object such as a hose , the trauma was insufficient to cause death. The report also dismissed other discrepancies in the two autopsy reports, attributing them to miscommunication and misinterpretation on the part of the pathologist who performed the second autopsy. ref cite news first last coauthors authorlink title UM backs Kugan autopsy report, his mum sues police date 2009 05 28 publisher url http www.themalaysianinsider.com index.php malaysia 27880 um backs kugan autopsy report his mum sues police work The Malaysian Insider pages accessdate 2009 07 30 language ref See Also Teoh Beng Hock Gunasegaran Rajasundram Police Malaysia Act 1967 References div class references small references div Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ananthan, Kugan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF ... more details
wiktionary er er er Er ER ER or Er may refer to Emergency department mergency room , a department of a medical facility that specializes in the acute care of patients without any prior appointments ER, the ISO 3166 1 alpha 2 code of the country of Eritrea ER, the IATA code of Astar Air Cargo People Nie Er 1912&ndash 1935 , Chinese composer Er. Eswaran , Indian politician and entrepreneur from Tamil Nadu Eduardus Rex , the Latin form of King Edward disambiguation King Edward Elizabeth Regina , the Latin form of Queen Elizabeth disambiguation Queen Elizabeth In media ER TV series ER TV series , a 1994 2009 American medical drama television series E R , a 1984 1985 American television sitcom Eesti Rahvusringh ling , an Estonian public broadcasting organization Er , an album by Nils Petter Molv r Chico Enterprise Record , the daily newspaper of Chico, California In natural science Erbium , a chemical element Relative static permittivity , a concept in chemistry represented as math epsilon r math Estrogen receptor , a type of protein molecule Endoplasmic reticulum , a type of organelle in cell biology ER fluid, or Electrorheological fluid Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis , a syndrome that damages the muscle tissue in horses ER model, or Erd s R nyi model Parts of language Er Cyrillic , the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet Er , alternate spelling for Yer , a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet The suffix Degree of comparison er , which is added to an adjective or adverb to describe a degree of comparison. e.g. fast to faster The suffix er, which is added to a verb to make it an Agent noun . e.g. cut to cutter er , a filler linguistics filler word Entre R os disambiguation Entre R os , a Spanish abbreviation In technology ER Extended Range , a classification of missiles and aircraft that indicates an extended travel capability Engineer , a profession that applies knowledge to develop solutions to meet economic and societal needs Entity relationship model , an abstr ... more details
Prose date April 2011 Infobox Disease Name Myalgia Image Myalgia of the biceps brachii.jpg Caption Myalgia of the right biceps brachii . DiseasesDB 22895 ICD10 ICD10 M 79 1 m 70 ICD9 ICD9 729.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Myalgia means muscle pain and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common causes are the overuse or over stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to virus viral infection s. Longer term myalgias may be indicative of a metabolic myopathy , some nutritional deficiencies or chronic fatigue syndrome . Causes The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury or Strain injury strain . However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, disorders, medications, or as a response to a vaccination . It is also a sign of acute rejection after heart transplant surgery. The most common causes are Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma Overuse using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury Chronic tension Muscle pain occurs with Rhabdomyolysis , associated with Viral Compression injury Drug related, esp fibrates and statins , occ ACE inhibitors , cocaine , some retro viral drugs Severe potassium deficiency Fibromyalgia Infections, including Influenza the flu Lyme disease Malaria Dengue Fever Hemorrhagic fever Muscle abscess Polio Rocky Mountain spotted fever Trichinosis roundworm Auto immune disorders, including Systemic lupus erythematosus Polymyalgia rheumatica Polymyositis Dermatomyositis Multiple Sclerosis this is neurologic pain localised to myotome Overuse Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon and or too often. ref name MedlinePlus http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003178.htm MedlinePlus ref Examples are Repetitive strain injury . Injury The most common causes of myalgia by injury are sprains and strain injury . ref name MedlinePlus Autoimmune Multiple sclerosis neurologic pain interpreted as muscula ... more details
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