Taxobox color violet name Koala retrovirus ref http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 394239 Koala retrovirus Uniprot taxonomy ref image image width image caption virus group vi familia Retroviridae genus Gammaretrovirus subdivision ranks species subdivision unclassified Gammaretrovirus Koala retrovirus KoRV is a retrovirus that is present in many populations of koalas . It has been implicated as the agent of Koala Immune Deficiency Syndrome KIDS , an AIDS like immunodeficiency that leaves infected koalas more susceptible to infectious disease and cancer s. The virus is thought to be a recently introduced exogenous virus that is also integrating into the koala genome Endogenous retrovirus becoming endogenous . Thus the virus can transmit both Horizontal transmission horizontally from animal to animal in the classic sense and Vertical transmission vertically from parent to offspring as a gene . The horizontal modes of transmission are not well defined but are thought to require close contact. Koala retrovirus was initially described as a novel endogenous retrovirus found within the koala genome and in tissues as free virions . Viral DNA sequence DNA sequence analysis showed intact open reading frames and pathogenic DNA sequence motif motifs strongly suggesting that KoRV is an active replicating ... M. last5 Robinson first5 Wayne F. title The Nucleotide Sequence of Koala Phascolarctos cinereus Retrovirus ... to have the Endogenous retrovirus endogenous form of the retrovirus. This suggests that the virus ... Kangaroo Island are free. ref name Stoye2006 Citation last Stoye first Jonathan P title Koala retrovirus ... ref Prior to this koala retrovirus was used to refer to an unidentified oncovirus detected in cancer affected koalas. ref Citation last Worley first M year 2001 contribution Retrovirus infections ... It is thought that further studying KoRV will allow valuable insight into how endogenous retrovirus ... DEFAULTSORT Koala retrovirus Category Gammaretroviruses Category Koalas Retrovirus ... more details
Retrovirus RTS was one of the few commercial games released for the GP2X . It was the only native real time strategy game for the system. The premise is that three astronauts have been infected by an alien virus and the player s gp2x is the medical device used to treat the patients. External links http archive.gp2x.de cgi bin cfiles.cgi?0,0,0,0,22,1826 Demo version for GP2X http um.com.au retrovirusRTS Official page with demo version for GP2X Strategy videogame stub Category GP2X games Category Real time strategy video games ... more details
of human endogenous ERVWE1 retrovirus W known as MS associated retrovirus MSRV . ref cite journal ... MS associated retrovirus HERV W endogenous retrovirus, but not human herpesvirus 6 journal J Gen ... modulation of the multiple sclerosis MS associated retrovirus by cytokines implications for MS pathogenesis ... Retrovirus Family HERV K HML2 Implications for Present Day Activity journal J Virol. month Oct ... 2F10.1371 2Fjournal.pone.0020234 title Human Endogenous Retrovirus K106 HERV K106 Was Infectious after ... gene transfer References Reflist 2 External links http herv.img.cas.cz HERVd human endogenous retrovirus ... The viruses in all of us characteristics and biological significance of human endogenous retrovirus ..., Zeilfelder U, et al. title Comprehensive analysis of human endogenous retrovirus transcriptional activity in human tissues with a retrovirus specific microarray journal J Virol. volume 79 issue 1 pages ... 2003.pdf Reprint PDF MeshName Endogenous Retroviruses Retroviruses DEFAULTSORT Endogenous Retrovirus Category Molecular biology Category Endogenous retroviruses de Endogenes Retrovirus fr R trovirus endog ne la Endogenuum retrovirus pl Retrowirusy endogenne fi Endogeeninen retrovirus sv Endogent retrovirus ... more details
Taxobox Color parameter is not needed automatically assigned name Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus virus group vi familia Retroviridae subfamilia Orthoretrovirinae genus Betaretrovirus species Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus JSRV is a betaretrovirus which is the causative agent of a contagious lung cancer in sheep called Jaagsiekte , or Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Jaagsiekte OPA . Natural history JSRV is the virus that is the etiologic agent responsible for contagious lung tumors in sheep called Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma OPA .The disease was called Jaagsiekte , after the Afrikaans words for chase Jaag and sickness siekte , to describe the respiratory distress observed in an animal out of breath from being chased indicating the breathing difficulty that infected sheep have . Transmission of virus is through aerosol spread between sheep. Exogenous infectious form of JSRV has an endogenous counterpart which is present in the genomes of all sheep and goats. ref York DF et al, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2003 275 1 23. PMID 12596893 A history of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma jaagsiekte and experiments leading to the deduction of the JSRV nucleotide sequence ref .The sheep genome has around 27 copies of endogenous retroviruses enJSRVs that is highly related to JSRV. Endogenous JSRV has several roles in the evolution of the domestic sheep as they are able to block ... in particular. ref Caroline leroux et al, Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus JSRV from virus to lung cancer ... sheep retrovirus envelope glycoprotein is sufficient to induce lung tumors in sheep . PMID ... Cote et al. J Virol. 2009 Nov 83 22 11447 55. Receptor binding and low pH coactivate oncogenic retrovirus ... reflist cite journal author Palmarini M, Fan H title Molecular biology of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus ... Sheep Retrovirus Category Betaretroviruses Category Sheep and goat diseases Category Animal virology de Jaagsiekte Schaf Retrovirus ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Retrovirus direct repeat 1 dr1 image RF00214.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of Retro dr1 Symbol Retro dr1 AltSymbols Rfam RF00214 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The direct repeat 1 dr1 element is an cis regulatory element RNA element commonly found in the Three prime untranslated region 3 UTR of bird Avian sarcoma , Rous sarcoma virus Rous sarcoma and Avian leukosis virus es Alpharetrovirus es and Avian type C retroviruses . dr1 is required for efficient viral replication and is thought to be involved in genomic RNA packaging although this may not be its only role. ref cite journal last Aschoff first JM coauthors Foster D, Coffin JM year 1999 title Point Mutations in the Avian Sarcoma Leukosis Virus 3 Untranslated Region Result in a Packaging Defect journal J Virol volume 73 pages 7421&ndash 7429 pmid 10438832 issue 9 pmc 104269 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00214 name Retrovirus direct repeat 1 dr1 Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 HTDV , or human teratocarcinoma derived virus, is a human endogenous retrovirus . DEFAULTSORT Human Teratocarcinoma Derived Virus Category Endogenous retroviruses Virus stub Retroviruses ... more details
Disambig Viral arthritis poultry a Avian reovirus reovirus infection of chicken s and turkey . Caprine arthritis and encephalitis a retrovirus infection of goat s. Category Veterinary medicine Category Viral diseases ... more details
Taxobox Color parameter is not needed automatically assigned name Betaretrovirus virus group vi familia Retroviridae subfamilia Orthoretrovirinae genus Betaretrovirus type species Mouse mammary tumor virus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus br Langur virus br Mason Pfizer monkey virus br Mouse mammary tumor virus br Squirrel monkey retrovirus A betaretrovirus is a genus of the retroviridae family biology family . It has type B retrovirus type B or type D retrovirus type D Morphology biology morphology . The type B is common for a few exogenous, vertically transmitted and endogenous viruses of mouse mice some primate and sheep viruses are the type D. Examples are the mouse mammary tumour virus , enzootic nasal tumour virus ENTV 1, ENTV 2 , and simian retrovirus types 1, 2 and 3 SRV 1, SRV 2, SRV 3 ref name pmid16515713 cite journal author Philipp Staheli J, Marquardt T, Thouless ME, Bruce AG, Grant RF, Tsai CC, Rose TM title Genetic variability of the envelope gene of Type D simian retrovirus 2 SRV 2 subtypes associated with SAIDS related retroperitoneal fibromatosis in different macaque species journal Virol J volume 3 pages 11 date March 6 year 2006 pmid 16515713 doi 10.1186 1743 422X 3 11 ref . References Reflist External links http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 66.html Viralzone Betaretrovirus Retroviruses Category Betaretroviruses Virus stub es Betaretrovirus it Betaretrovirus zh ... more details
wikify date February 2011 PtERV1 or Pan troglodytes Endogenous Retrovirus 1 is a retrovirus that putatively infected chimpanzees about 4 million years ago, and may have been involved in the process of speciation, making the chimpanzee and human lines diverge. Kaiser et al. have suggested that TRIM5alpha TRIM5 may have played a critical role in the human immune defense system about 4 million years ago, when the retrovirus was infecting chimpanzees. ref name pmid17588933 cite journal author Kaiser SM, Malik HS, Emerman M title Restriction of an extinct retrovirus by the human TRIM5alpha antiviral protein journal Science volume 316 issue 5832 pages 1756 8 year 2007 pmid 17588933 doi 10.1126 science.1140579 ref While no trace of PtERV1 has yet been found in the human genome, about 130 traces of PtERV1 DNA have been found in the genome of modern chimpanzees. After recreating part of the PtERV1 retrovirus, it was reported that TRIM5 prevents the virus from entering human cells in vitro . While this cellular defense mechanism may have been very useful 4 million years ago when facing a PtERV1 epidemic , it has the side effect of leaving cells more susceptible to attack by the HIV 1 retrovirus. Recently, doubt has been cast over the conclusions made by Kaiser et al. By using a PtERV1 capsid, which produces higher titer virus like particles, Perez Caballero et al. reported that PtERV1 is not restricted by either human or chimpanzee TRIM5 . ref name pmid18927623 cite journal author Perez Caballero D, Soll SJ, Bieniasz PD title Evidence for Restriction of Ancient Primate Gammaretroviruses by APOBEC3 but Not TRIM5 Proteins journal PLoS Pathog. volume 4 issue 10 pages e1000181 year 2008 pmid 18927623 pmc 2564838 doi 10.1371 journal.ppat.1000181 editor1 last Hope editor1 first Thomas J. ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Pterv1 Category Immune system Category Retroviruses ... more details
Polybrene hexadimethrine bromide is a cationic polymer used to increase the efficiency of infection of certain cells with a retrovirus in cell culture . Polybrene acts by neutralizing the charge repulsion between virions and sialic acid on the cell surface. ref cite journal author Howard E. Davis, Matthew Rosinski , Jeffrey R. Morgan and Martin L. Yarmush, et al. title Charged Polymers Modulate Retrovirus Transduction via Membrane Charge Neutralization and Virus Aggregation. journal Biophysical Journal volume 86 pages 1234 42 year 2004 pmid 14747357 doi 10.1016 S0006 3495 04 74197 1 issue 2 pmc 1303915 ref It has other uses, including a role in protein sequencing . The chemical name for Polybrene is 1,5 dimethyl 1,5 diazaundecamethylene polymethobromide, hexadimethrine bromide. References reflist Category Genetics genetics stub polymer stub ... more details
ERV is an abbreviation that may refer to Endogenous retrovirus , an inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism s genome Energy recovery ventilation , systems where hot exhaust air is recovered to partially heat fresh air and save energy English Revised Version, English language copy of the 19th century Revised Version of the King James Bible Emergency response vehicle, vehicles associated with emergency service s including ambulances, fire trucks and police vehicles Expiratory reserve volume, lung volumes lung volume representing the difference between a normal exhalation and a forced exhalation that removes as much air as possible from the lungs Earth return vehicle, spacecraft that forms a portion of the Mars Direct proposal responsible for returning the astronauts to Earth disambig de ERV fr ERV it ERV ... more details
RSV may refer to Respiratory syncytial virus , a virus causing respiratory disease Revised Standard Version , an English Bible translation Right subclavian vein Rous sarcoma virus , a retrovirus causing cancer in chickens Royal Society of Victoria Several Category Aprilia motorcycles Aprilia motorcycles Several Stampe et Vertongen aircraft disambig de RSV fr RSV it RSV nl RSV sv RSV ... more details
HFV may refer to HFVExplorer , an application to allow Windows to access drives formatted with Apple s file systems Hemp for Victory , a film made during World War II explaining the uses of hemp Hypothetical future value , an accounting method used by Enron Human foamy virus Human Foamy Virus , a retrovirus that belongs to the subfamily Spumavirinae Hepatitis F virus , a hypothetical virus linked to hepatitis Hessian Football Association , a state football association in Germany disambig de HFV ... more details
8 of the human genome in the form of inherited endogenous retrovirus es. ref cite journal author ... 02 pmc 387345 ref A provirus not only refers to a retrovirus but is also used to describe other viruses ... also Bornavirus Prophage Phage Retrotransposon Germline Horizontal gene transfer Endogenous retrovirus ... more details
Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus is a retrovirus . ref name pmid11932400 Cite journal author Fodor SK, Vogt VM title Characterization of the protease of a fish retrovirus, walleye dermal sarcoma virus journal J. Virol. volume 76 issue 9 pages 4341 9 year 2002 month May pmid 11932400 pmc 155057 doi url http jvi.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11932400 ref ref name pmid10516048 Cite journal author LaPierre LA, Holzschu DL, Bowser PR, Casey JW title Sequence and transcriptional analyses of the fish retroviruses walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus types 1 and 2 evidence for a gene duplication journal J. Virol. volume 73 issue 11 pages 9393 403 year 1999 month November pmid 10516048 pmc 112974 doi url http jvi.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10516048 ref References Reflist Retroviruses virus stub Category Fish diseases Category Epsilonretroviruses ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Immunodermatology studies skin as an organ of Immunity medical immunity in health and disease. Several areas have special attention, such as photo immunology effects of UV on skin defense , inflammation inflammatory diseases such as allergy allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema , presumably autoimmune skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis , and finally the immunology of microbial skin diseases such as retrovirus infections and leprosy . New therapies in development for the Immunosuppressant immunomodulation of common immunological skin diseases include Biomolecule biologicals aimed at neutralizing Tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF alfa and chemokine receptor inhibitors. See also Dermatology Immune response Unreferenced date May 2007 Category Immunology immunology stub ... more details
The gene known as HCP5 Human leukocyte antigen HLA Complex P5 is a human endogenous retrovirus , meaning that it is a viral fossil fossil of an ancient virus that at one time infected people, but has now become an integral part of the human genome . ref name SN AIDS Abated, B. Vastag, Science News Vol.172 No.3, 21 July 2007 ref One variation of HCP5 appears to provide some delay or resistance to the development of AIDS when a person is infected with HIV . This variation of HCP5 frequently occurs in conjunction with a particular version of an immune system gene called HLA B . ref name SN Notes Reflist Retroviruses Category Genomics Category Endogenous retroviruses ... more details
summary text The human genome includes many retroelements including the human endogenous retrovirus ... Integration and expression of human endogenous retrovirus journal Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi volume 66 ... of expression of a human endogenous retrovirus is correlated with choriocarcinoma. journal Int. J ... O Connell CD, Cohen M title The long terminal repeat sequences of a novel human endogenous retrovirus ... author Larsson E, Andersson AC, Nilsson BO title Expression of an endogenous retrovirus ERV3 HERV ... retrovirus ERV3 in human sebaceous glands. journal J. Invest. Dermatol. volume 106 issue 1 ... retrovirus ERV3 HERV R in normal human tissues and during induced monocytic differentiation in the U .... title Expression of human endogenous retrovirus ERV3 HERV R mRNA in normal and neoplastic tissues ... 3 human endogenous retrovirus in a fraction of the Caucasian population. journal J. Virol. volume ... human retrovirus ERV3. journal Dis. Markers volume 14 issue 3 pages 127 33 year 1999 pmid ... endogenous retrovirus ERV 3 env gene affects proliferation and differentiation in a human placental ... retrovirus HERV R ERV3 to human chromosome 7q11.2 by radiation hybrid mapping. journal Cytogenet ... more details
&itool pubmed docsum Transformation and oncogenesis by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. http jnci.oxfordjournals.org ... Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis a unique model of retrovirus associated lung cancer. Category ... more details
E, et al. title Human endogenous retrovirus K10 expression of Gag protein and detection of antibodies ... ML, Lindeskog M, Medstrand P, et al. title Diversity of human endogenous retrovirus class II ... transcriptase enzyme encoded by a human endogenous HERV K retrovirus. journal J. Virol. volume 73 issue ... G, Seaman MI, et al. title Many human endogenous retrovirus K HERV K proviruses are unique to humans ... assignment, and expression of full length human endogenous retrovirus type K. journal J ... screening for fusogenic human endogenous retrovirus envelopes identifies syncytin 2, a gene ... cite journal author Galli UM, Sauter M, Lecher B, et al. title Human endogenous retrovirus ... of the human endogenous retrovirus locus HERV K HML 2.HOM and its evolutionary implications. journal ... more details
Opendra Bill Narayan November, 1936 December 24, 2007 ref name JNP was an AIDS researcher at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the University of Kansas Medical Center . A veterinarian, Narayan researched animal models of HIV . His focus on finding a vaccine for retrovirus retroviral infection had some success against a monkey retrovirus, SIV , ref name AHN http www.allheadlinenews.com articles 7009555872 Renowned Kansas University AIDS Researcher Bill Narayan, 71, Dies of Heart Attack. Dharmendra Ashwal, All Headline News, December 27, 2007, ref and he is best known for engineering a type of HIV that could cause AIDS like disease in monkeys. ref name JNP Research Empty section date July 2010 Education and training Born in Guyana , Narayan earned his DVM doctorate in veterinary medicine DVM from the University of Toronto in 1963. In 1970, he received a PhD in virology from the University of Guelph . Narayan trained as a postdoctoral researcher with renowned neurovirologist Richard T. Johnson at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine beginning in 1972. ref name JNP Career Narayan remained at Johns Hopkins as a faculty member and became director of the Retrovirus Biology Laboratory. Narayan left Johns Hopkins in 1992. He moved to the University of Kansas, where he was named Distinguished Professor and director of the Marion Merrell Dow Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis. Narayan remained at Kansas until his death in 2007. ref name JNP cite journal author Shilpa Buch, Barry T. Rouse, Howard E. Gendelman, M. Christine Zink and Janice E. Clements title Opendra Bill Narayan 1936 2007 A Personal Tribute to a Friend, Teacher, and Colleague journal Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology volume 3 issue 1 pages 1 4 year 2008 month January doi 10.1007 s11481 008 9101 y ref While at the University of Kansas, Narayan received nearly 50 million in grants, including almost 20 million from the National Institutes of Health . ref name AHN References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wik ... more details
Viral fossil is an informal term for pieces of genetic code DNA insertions of a virus in the genome of a modern day host organism. These viruses and their insertions are called fossil viruses or paleoviruses . They may be traced to millions of years back, hence the terminology, although strictly speaking, it is impossible to detect an ancient virus in fossil s. Viral fossils are among the subject of a recent field dubbed paleovirology . ref name harmon http www.scientificamerican.com article.cfm?id fossil virus bird genome Ancient Fossil Virus Shows Infection to Be Millions of Years Old , by Katherine Harmon, Scientific American , September 29, 2010 ref ref http www.plosbiology.org article info 3Adoi 2F10.1371 2Fjournal.pbio.1000301 Emerman M., Malik H.S. Paleovirology Modern Consequences of Ancient Viruses . PLoS Biology , 8 2 2010 doi 10.1371 journal.pbio.1000301 ref Most known types of viral fossils originate from retroviruses and are termed endogenous retrovirus es ERVs . Other viral fossils originate from DNA viruses such as hepadnavirus es a group that includes hepatitis B . ref name harmon The most surprising viral fossils originate from non retroviral RNA viruses. These have been termed Non retroviral Integrated RNA Virus es or NIRVs. ref cite journal last Taylor first D. J. coauthors J. Bruenn title The evolution of novel fungal genes from non retroviral RNA viruses journal BMC Biology year 2009 volume 7 doi 10.1186 1741 7007 7 88 ref ref cite journal last Koonin first E. title Taming of the shrewd novel eukaryotic genes from RNA viruses journal BMC Biology year 2010 volume 8 doi 10.1186 1741 7007 8 2 ref Unlike other types of viral fossils, NIRV formation requires borrowing the integration machinery that is coded by the host genome or by a co infecting retrovirus. Successful attempts to resurrect extinct viruses from the DNA fossils have been reported. ref http www.scientificamerican.com article.cfm?id how to resurrect an extin How to Resurrect an Extinct ... more details
RCR may stand for Radio Caracas Radio Association of Radio Industries and Businesses Ramsbottom Carbon Residue RCR Refrigeracion S.A. de C.V. , a mexican HVAC Company Richard Childress Racing , a championship winning NASCAR team Rocket City Ramble, a Porsche 914 event in Huntsville, Alabama The Royal Canadian Regiment , although properly the Regiment s short title is The RCR Royal College of Radiologists , a British professional body Rational consequence relation , a type of consequence relation in mathematical logic Royal Crown Revue , a swing band Resorts of the Canadian Rockies Inc. River City Ransom , a 1989 console game Replication Competent Retrovirus 7, Race Course Road 7, RCR , the address of the Prime Minister of India s official residence. Official name Panchavati disambig es RCR de RCR fr RCR it RCR ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Chicken melbourne show 2005.jpg right 250px See all diseases being called leucosis Lymphoid Leukosis is a disease that affects chickens caused by the retrovirus Avian leukosis virus . It is a neoplastic disease caused by a virus of the leucosis which may take the form of a tumor of the bursa of Fabricius and metastasis to other tissues of the chicken and cause enlargement and swelling of the abdomen. Symptoms Symptoms include enlargement of abdomen, bursa , weight loss , weakness and emaciation , and depression. The disease is more likely to affect chicken around five to eight months of age who are more vulnerable. Green diarrhea tends to develops at the terminal stage ref http www.ruleworks.co.uk poultry Avian Lymphoid Leukosis.htm The Poultry Guide Avian Lymphoid Leukosis Bot generated title ref . References reflist Category Bird diseases Category Animal virology veterinary med stub ar ... more details
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