Wiktionary restraintRestraint may refer to A personal virtue . See self control . Physical restraint , the practice of rendering people helpless or keeping them in captivity by means such as handcuffs, ropes, straps, etc. Medical restraint , a subset of general physical restraint used for medical purposes Restraint 2008 film Restraint 2008 film , an Australian thriller directed by David Deenan Safety harness The use of any type of brake etc. to slow down or stop any moving machine or vehicle In legal terminology Restraint of trade , a restriction on a person s freedom to conduct business Restraint on alienation , in property law, a clause that seeks to prohibit the recipient of property from transferring his or her interest Judicial restraint , a theory of judicial interpretation that encourages judges to limit the exercise of their own power Prior restraint , a government s actions that prevent materials from being distributed Vertical restraints , agreements between firms or individuals at different levels of the production and distribution process See also Constraint disambiguation disambig fr Contention ... more details
A chemical restraint is a form of medical restraint in which a medication drug is used to restrict the freedom or movement of a patient or in some cases to sedation sedate a patient. These are used in emergency medicine emergency , acute care acute , and pyschiatric care psychiatric settings to control unruly patients who are interfering with their care or who are otherwise harmful to themselves or others in their vicinity. Drugs that are often used as chemical restraints include benzodiazepines such as Lorazepam Ativan , Midazolam Versed , or Diazepam Valium ref http books.google.com books?id 9rujGg1MQLAC&pg PA125&dq 22chemical restraint 22&as brr 3&ie ISO 8859 1&output html ref . Haloperidol Haldol is a drug chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines and is also popular for chemical restraint, without the potentially dangerous side effects of benzodiazepine drugs. In the United States , no drugs are presently approved by the Food and Drug Administration United States U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA for use as chemical restraints ref http books.google.com books?id oA7qSOvYZxUC&pg RA1 PA1812&dq 22chemical restraint 22&ie ISO 8859 1&output html ref . The use of chemical restraint has been criticized. It has been found to be mismanaged by health care workers for the convenience of the staff rather than the benefit of the patient, as workers use them to prevent patients from resisting care rather than improving the health of the patient ref http books.google.com books?id EB00rD8AqaYC&pg RA1 PA723&dq 22chemical restraint 22&lr &as brr 3&ie ISO 8859 1&output html ref . This has been found to cause more confusion in patients, thereby slowing their recovery ref http books.google.com books?id Tr0Olt8N2JkC&pg PA246&lpg PA245&dq 22chemical restraint 22&as brr 3&ie ISO 8859 1&output html ref . References reflist Health care DEFAULTSORT Chemical Restraint Category Physical restraint Medicine stub pt Conten o qu mica ... more details
Judicial restraint is a theory of judicial interpretation that encourages judge s to limit the exercise of their own power. It asserts that judges should hesitate to strike down laws unless they are obviously unconstitutional. ref http www.bartleby.com 59 14 judicialrest.html ref It is sometimes regarded as the opposite of judicial activism . In deciding questions of constitutional law , judicially restrained jurists go to great lengths to defer to the legislature. Judicial restraint requires the judge to uphold a law whenever possible. Former Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter , a Democrat appointed by Franklin Roosevelt , is generally seen as the model of judicial restraint . ref A Justice for All , by Kim Isaac Eisler, page 11 ISBN 0 671 76787 9 ref Judicially restrained judges respect stare decisis , the principle of upholding established precedent handed down by past judges. ref name time.com http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,961645 6,00.html ref When the late Chief Justice William Rehnquist Rehnquist overturned some of the precedents of the Warren Court, Time magazine said he was not following the theory of judicial restraint. ref name time.com Related theories Minimalism Minimalism judicial Judicial minimalists argue that judges should put great emphasis on adherence to stare decisis and precedent . Minimalists argue that judges should make only minor, incremental changes to constitutional law in order to maintain that stability. They ask judges to do this by creating small, case specific rulings rather than broad, sweeping rulings. Political question doctrine ... violated but declines to act. It is often described as a type of judicial restraint, although it can ... their cases dismissed. Judicial restraint and individual U.S. Supreme Court cases Luther v. Borden , 1849 sometimes called the first instance of judicial restraint Bush v. Gore , 2000 Florida Supreme ... References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Judicial Restraint Category Legal history of the United States ... more details
of physical restraint Goldstein & Brooks, 2007 often used in emergency situations or for de escalation ..., 2006, p. 713 . Also, restraint may be used only when aggressive behavior interferes with an individual ... imprisonment . The misuse of physical restraint has resulted in many deaths. Physical restraint ... is needed in the use of physical restraint. Gag ging a restrained person is highly risky, as it involves ..., & Mitruski first J., C., & M. title Public policy on physical restraint of children with disabilities ... first J. & R. title Physical restraint in school series Behavioral Disorders year 2004 See also Prison Pindown Pin down scandal Use dmy dates date December 2010 DEFAULTSORT Physical Restraint Category Physical restraint de Fesselung physisch ja pt Conten o f sica ... more details
unreferenced date January 2008 Property law A restraint on alienation property law alienation , in the law of real property , is a clause used in the conveyance of real property that seeks to prohibit the recipient from selling or otherwise transferring his interest in the property. Under the common law such restraints are void as against the Public policy doctrine public policy of allowing landowners to freely dispose of their property. Perhaps the ultimate restraint on alienation was the fee tail , a form of ownership which required that property be passed down in the same family from generation to generation, which has also been widely abolished. However, certain reasonable restraints will be given effect in most jurisdictions. These traditionally include A prohibition against partition law partition of property for a limited time. The right of first refusal for example, if Joey sells property to Rachel, he may require that if Rachel later decides to sell the property, she must first give Joey the opportunity to buy it back. The establishment of public parks and gardens, as was the case for The Royal Parks of London in the UK. These public spaces were created under such terms by the Crown Estate which meant that these parks were held in perpetuity for the public to use. Some specific .... In addition, if the disabling restraint is found to be unconstitutional the restraint will not be effective ... as the disabling restraint. Forefeiture Restraints In the event of a breach the property returns ... the restraint must be reasonable and the restraint must be the same as a real covenant or equitable servitude. There are six factors to determine if a restraint on alienation is reasonable 1. Type ... legitimate . 3. Equal bargaining power of the parties. 4. Duration A time limit to the restraint is preferred 5. Limit the number of persons to which transfer is prohibited. 6. A restraint ... Restraint On Alienation Category Property law ... more details
TOCright Medical restraints are physical restraint s used during certain medical procedures. Medical restraints are designed to restrain patients with the minimum of discomfort and pain and to prevent patients injuring themselves or others. There are many kinds of mild, safety oriented medical restraints which are widely used. For example, the use of bed rails is routine in many hospitals and other care facilities, as the restraint prevents patients from rolling out of bed accidentally. Newborns frequently wear mittens to prevent accidental scratching. Some wheelchair users use a belt or a tray to keep them from falling out of their wheelchairs. In fact, not using these kinds of restraints when needed can lead to legal liability for preventable injuries. ref http www.nursinglaw.com syhp.htm ref Medical restraints are generally used to prevent people with severe physical or mental disorders from harming themselves or others. A major goal of most medical restraints is to prevent injuries due to falls. Other medical restraints are intended to prevent a harmful behavior, such as hitting people. Ethically and legally, once a person is restrained, the safety and well being of the restrained ... restraints is regulated in many jurisdictions. At one time in California, psychiatric restraint was viewed ... restraint s is no longer viewed as a treatment, but can be used as a behavioral intervention ... restraint Four point restraints , fabric body holders , straitjacket s are typically only used ... of serious injury from falling. Limb restraint s are used to prevent activity in various limbs. They are wrapped ... children. Chemical restraint s are medication drugs that are administered to restrict the freedom ... and regional companies teach physical non mechanical restraint techniques for companies and agencies ... cite web url http www.fda.gov bbs topics NEWS NEW00280.html title Patient Restraint Devices Can ..., RN, BSN, JD Health care DEFAULTSORT Medical Restraint Category Physical restraint de Fixierung Medizin ... more details
Contract law Restraint of trade is a common law doctrine relating to the enforceability of contractual restrictions on freedom to conduct business. In an old leading case of Mitchell v Reynolds 1711 Lord Smith LC said, ref Mitchell v Reynolds 1711 1 P Wms 181 ref blockquote it is the privilege of a trader in a free country, in all matters not contrary to law, to regulate his own mode of carrying it on according to his own discretion and choice. If the law has regulated or restrained his mode of doing this, the law must be obeyed. But no power short of the general law ought to restrain his free discretion. blockquote Contractual obligations not to trade are illegal agreement s on public policy grounds unless they are reasonable in the interests of both contracting parties and of the public at large. ref Nordenfelt v Maxim, Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co 1894 AC 535 ref Restraint of trade mainly affects post termination restrictive covenants in employment contracts, and restrictions on competition in contracts for the sale of businesses. History Image Edward coke.jpg thumb left Edward Coke Chief Justice Coke , 17th century English jurist The restraint of trade doctrine s current use ..., unless the Reasonable person reasonableness of an agreement could be shown. A restraint of trade is simply ... way. To be a valid restraint of trade in the first place, both parties must have provided valuable ... but the plaintiff had promised nothing in return. On hearing the plaintiff s attempt to enforce this restraint ... of such slow communications and commerce around the country it seemed axiomatic that a general restraint ... stated that a restraint unlimited in space need not be void, since the real question was whether it went ... validly promise to not make guns or ammunition anywhere in the world it was an unreasonable restraint ... include business connections and business secrets. The restraint is reasonable, i.e. ... Restraint of trade and business secrets Category Anti competitive behaviour Category Contract law ms ... more details
Infobox short story See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Prior Restraint title orig translator author Orson Scott Card country United States language English language English series genre published in Maps in a Mirror publication type publisher Tor Books media type Print Hardcover & Paperback pub date 1990 in literature 1990 english pub date preceded by followed by Notability Books date March 2011 Commented out Image OSCMapsMirror.jpg thumb right Short story collection Prior Restraint is a short story by Orson Scott Card . It appears in his short story collection Maps in a Mirror . Plot summary Empty section date June 2008 See also portal Novels List of works by Orson Scott Card Orson Scott Card External links http www.hatrack.com The official Orson Scott Card website OrsonScottCardMaps Category Short stories by Orson Scott Card story stub ... more details
File Leg restraint01 2003 06 02.jpg thumb 250px Leg restraints Limb restraints are physical restraint s that are applied to a person s arm s and or leg s. The application of limb restraints on both arms and legs at once is sometimes known as a four point restraint . As a medical restraint , limb restraints are soft, padded hand cuffs cuffs which are applied to a patient to prevent the patient from causing harm to him herself or to others. The device consists of cuffs which are wrapped around the patient s wrist s or ankle s, and straps that are attached to the frame of their bed or chair ref http books.google.com books?id CzVIWyWga MC&pg PA772&lpg PA772&dq limb restraint&source web&ots ECfmqY 3On&sig pQpyc8wkpBUo84lkDxq2ZVLmZtk&hl en&sa X&oi book result&resnum 1&ct result Diversified health occupations , by Louise Simmers . ISBN 1 4018 1456 5. ref . Limb restraints are often used on a combative or disoriented patient who is using his her arms or legs to strike at staff or others, to pull important medical apparatus, such as an Intravenous therapy IV tube or catheter , out of their body ref http books.google.com books?id iytW4k9hQ6sC&pg PA512&lpg PA512&dq limb restraint&source web&ots cs9M6ZuAyp&sig Hu6H3H18aCl4 AuvfAlQLmf6ZDY&hl en&sa X&oi book result&resnum 7&ct result ref , or to otherwise interfere with their care. Arm restraints also become necessary when a patient must lie on his her back at all times. Patients who may come in need of limb restraints include those who have suffered a head injury , those recovering from seizures usually multiple ones , have been under anesthesia ... restraint. Most patients who find themselves restrained naturally think they can free themselves by pulling ..., which is possible. There, the restraint is tied and can be easily untied. After freeing one arm, it is easy ... bondage . See also Medical restraint Posey vest References reflist Health care Category Physical restraint fi Lepositeet ... more details
infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Restraint of Beasts title orig translator image File RestraintOfBeasts.jpg 220px image caption First edition cover author Magnus Mills illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English series genre Novel publisher Flamingo imprint Flamingo release date 07 September 1998 english release date media type Print Hardcover Hardback & Paperback pages 208 isbn 0 00 225720 3 preceded by followed by The Restraint of Beasts is a tragicomic debut novel, written by Magnus Mills . In it, an anonymous narrator the foreman works for a Scottish fencing company, run by Donald who is consumed by work and the desire for efficiency . The narrator is promoted to foreman and put in charge of Tam and Richie who prefer a Laissez Faire approach to work and so are at odds with both their management and their new foreman. Mills deadpan narrative voice is at times either revealing or naive, and both these interpretations of the narrator are supported throughout the text it is up to the reader to decide where the narrator is ironic or genuinely emoting. Plot introduction The novel starts with a phone call, Mr McCrindle s fence has gone slack , and sees the three main characters duly dispatched to the scene of Tam and Richie s previous job, which they have left in a hurry. The ensuing Kafkaesque incidents set the tone for the rest of the novel, where Tam, Richie, and the narrator find themselves sent off to England in work related exile . Major themes The Restraint of Beasts exhibits many issues and themes, most prominently that of work. Donald s drive for efficiency can be seen as thinly ... on while he was away has been repossessed. Awards and nominations The Restraint of Beasts ... reflist Magnus Mills DEFAULTSORT Restraint Of Beasts, The Category 1998 novels Category British novels ... eu The Restraint of Beasts pl Poskramianie byd a ... more details
Censorship In Law of the United States U.S. law , prior restraint is a form of censorship in which one .... Prior restraint is particularly restrictive because it prevents the forbidden material from being ... material has been communicated, such as suits for slander or libel . Prior restraint often takes ... and prevent its resumption. These injunctions are considered prior restraint because potential ... even if published for questionable reasons. Judicial view Prior restraint is often considered ... that at least such actions do not directly impoverish the marketplace of ideas . Prior restraint, on the other ... the law s sanction become fully operative. quote A prior restraint, by contrast and by definition ... sanctions after publication chills speech, prior restraint freezes it at least for the time. Also, most of the early struggles for freedom of the press were against forms of prior restraint. Thus prior restraint came to be looked upon with a particular horror, and Anglo American courts became particularly unwilling to approve it, when they might approve other forms of press restriction. Prior restraint ... Court ruled on a prior restraint issue was Near v. Minnesota , ussc 283 697 1931 . In that case ..., control of obscenity, and the like. It wrote cquote the protection even as to previous restraint is not absolutely ... prior restraint on expression comes to this Court with a heavy presumption against its constitutional ... of such a restraint. This shows the strong later acceptance of what had been a disputed decision ... prior restraint cases. The H Bomb Article Cases Scientific American On March 15, 1950 Scientific ... process. Nonetheless, they are a form of prior restraint, and the press in particular has often objected ... ends as it began, with a confrontation between prior restraint imposed to protect one vital constitutional ... under all circumstances, but the barriers to prior restraint remain high and the presumption ... code in these circumstances. The appeals court did consider the prior restraint and free expression ... more details
A belly chain is a physical restraint worn by wikt prisoner prisoner s, consisting of a chain around the waist , to which the prisoner s hands may be chained or Handcuffs cuffed . Sometimes the ankles are also connected by means of longer chains. Such restraints are often used in the United States in courtroom s, or for Prisoner transport transporting prisoners , or in other public situations as a safeguard against escape. References references unreferenced date March 2008 DEFAULTSORT Belly Chain Restraint Category Chains Category Physical restraint zh ... more details
primarysources date January 2009 Matthew Barney No Restraint is a 2006 in film 2006 Documentary film documentary directed by Alison Chernick . It follows artist Matthew Barney best known for The Cremaster Cycle and his collaborator, singer songwriter Bj rk , as they embark on a filmmaking journey in Japan. It reveals Barney s process in creating Drawing Restraint 9 , a cinematic piece that combines a whaling vessel 45,000 pounds of petroleum jelly and traditional Japanese rituals into a fantasy love story. It premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and had its theatrical release in December 2006 after being acquired by IFC The Weinstein Company . External links http www.matthewbarneynorestraint.com Matthew Barney No Restraint Official site Category Documentary films about visual artists ... more details
Infobox Film name Drawing Restraint 9 image Drawingrestraint9.jpg caption Poster for Drawing Restraint ... Japanese Drawing Restraint 9 2005 is a project by visual artist Matthew Barney consisting of a feature length 35mm film, large scale sculptures, photographs, drawings, and books. The Drawing Restraint ... sculptural installations or drawings. Barney created Drawing Restraint 1 6 while still an undergraduate at Yale University and completed Drawing Restraint 16 in 2007 at London s Serpentine Gallery . With a soundtrack composed by Bj rk , Drawing Restraint 9 is an unconventional love story set in Japan ... completely mutual. Drawing Restraint 9 premiered at the 62nd Venice Film Festival and was screened ... rights to Drawing Restraint 9 and distributed the film to screen in 18 cities across the U.S. in the fall ... ends on Mayumi Miyata playing the sh . Soundtrack The Drawing Restraint 9 album Drawing Restraint ... . ref name Music1 cite web url http unit.bjork.com specials dr9 title Drawing Restraint 9 Special ... archiveurl archivedate quote ref References Reflist 2 See also Drawing Restraint 9 album Drawing Restraint 9 Soundtrack The Cremaster Cycle External links http www.drawingrestraint.net Drawing Restraint Official website of the art series imdb title id 0446685 title Drawing Restraint 9 Amg movie 335219 Drawing Restraint 9 http unit.bjork.com specials dr9 Bj rk.com Drawing Restraint 9 The official Bj rk website for the Drawing Restraint 9 album film s soundtrack . http www.sfmoma.org exhibitions exhib detail.asp?id 230 Matthew Barney Drawing Restraint Exhibition overview Details of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art s exhibitions of Drawing Restraint 1 14 that ran from June 23 through September 17, 2006. http www.cremasterfanatic.com News news06 05 07.html Drawing Restraint 9 A Metaphorical ... Restraint Series Synopsis http www.culiblog.org 2006 02 drawing restraint dragging ambergris Culiblog.org, film review of Drawing Restraint 9 by Debra Solomon Category Avant garde and experimental ... more details
Infobox Film name Restraint image writer Dave Warner starring Stephen Moyer br Travis Fimmel br Teresa Palmer director David Denneen producer Dan Halsted br Mark Lazarus br Anna Fawcett br Todd Fellman music Elliott Wheeler cinematography Simon Duggan editing Rodrigo Balart br Toby Denneen runtime 90 minutes country Film Australia language English budget 5,000,000 Restraint is a 2008 in film 2008 Australia n Thriller genre thriller film , directed by David Denneen , written by Dave Warner and starring Stephen Moyer , Travis Fimmel and Teresa Palmer . The film was shot on location around New South Wales , Australia in mid 2005. Working titles during production were, Ravenswood , Guests and Power Surge . It also features a cameo from British actress, Vanessa Redgrave . Cast Teresa Palmer as Dale Travis Fimmel as Ron Stephen Moyer as Andrew Philip Holder as Sgt. Paul Wittens Margie McCrae as Mrs. Wynott Peter Davies as Terry Gilmore Alyssa McClelland as Gabrielle Nate Jones actor Nate Jones as Tim Joanne Hunt as Constable Edwina Blainey Plot Two fugitives on the run from a murder scene take hostage an agoraphobia agoraphobic art dealer, with a dark past of his own. Captive by way of taking refuge in a magnificent country estate, Dale Teresa Palmer and Ron Travis Fimmel find themselves inferior participants in a game of survival. Dale, a stripper , is resentful of the way she has been treated in the past. Their hostage, Andrew Stephen Moyer appears to represent everything she s been unable to have but always wanted. Ron, impulsive and out of control, loves Dale and will do whatever he can to take her away from her old life. Andrew is an agoraphobic art dealer who has been living alone in his house since Gabrielle, his fianc e, disappeared six months prior. He takes a perverse .... External links http www.restraint movie.com Official Website for Restraint imdb title id 0441782 title Restraint http www.tsuki.com.au feature films ravenswood.shtml Tsuki s publicity site ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Drawing Restraint 9 Type Soundtrack Artist Bj rk Cover Drawing restraint 9 album.jpg Released July 25, 2005 small United Kingdom U.K. small br August 23, 2005 small United States U.S. small Recorded 2004 Genre Avant garde music Length 52 03 Label One Little Indian Producer Bj rk , Mark Bell LFO Mark Bell and Valgeir Sigur sson Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 http www.allmusic.com cg amg.dll?p amg&sql Ahy5zefqk4gfo link Dead link date January 2011 bot CactusBot Pitchfork Media 7.0 10 http www.pitchforkmedia.com article record review 15473 Bj C3 B6rk Drawing Restraint 9 link Rolling Stone Rating 3 5 7 08 05 The Guardian Rating 4 5 http www.guardian.co.uk arts fridayreview story 0,12102,1528316,00.html 7 15 05 Last album Army of Me Remixes and Covers br 2005 This album Drawing Restraint 9 br 2005 Next album Surrounded surrounded br 2006 The Music from Drawing Restraint 9 is a soundtrack created by Bj rk in collaboration with her partner Matthew Barney for his Drawing Restraint 9 film of the same title . For this project Bj rk traveled to Japan to study ancient Japanese music. Several tracks are made with the sound of the sho musical instrument sh , a Japanese instrument which contains 16 various reeds the sh performances are from Mayumi Miyata , one of the world s greatest sh players. She also appears in the film, playing her instrument. The song Holographic Entrypoint features a Noh score and vocal performance by Shiro Nomura. Bj rk brought Nameless back from her 2003 tour, and, with the help of Leila Arab , looped and edited it to create the track Storm. Alternative folk music folk singer Will Oldham also known as Bonnie nowiki ... dr9 Drawing Restraint 9 Special on http bjork.com bjork.com imdb title id 0446685 title Drawing Restraint ... fr Drawing Restraint 9 album it Drawing Restraint 9 album pt Drawing Restraint 9 fi Drawing Restraint 9 soundtrack sv Drawing Restraint 9 ... more details
The Statute in Restraint of Appeals short title Ecclesiastical Appeals Act 1532 citation 24 Henry VIII. c. 12 was an English Parliament of England parliament ary Act of 1533, considered by many historians to be the key legal foundation of the English Reformation . The act, drafted by Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex Thomas Cromwell on behalf of King Henry VIII of England , forbade all appeals to the Pope in Rome on religious or other matters, making the King the final legal authority in all such matters in England , Wales , and other English possessions. This was achieved by claiming that England was an Empire and the English crown was an Imperial Crown &mdash Henry s historians claimed that they could trace the linage back to Brutus of Troy Brutus and the fall of Troy . This far reaching measure made accepting papal authority, or following papal rulings in church, faith or other matters illegal. It was followed a year later by the First Act of Supremacy 1534 which made Henry the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England called Anglicana Ecclesia, and shall have and enjoy annexed and united to the imperial crown of this realm . ref http faculty.history.wisc.edu sommerville 123 123week9.htm Henry VIII ref Those in his realms had to acknowledge this as they were by Acts of Parliament that automatically changed any previous constitutional arrangements. Not to do so was high treason which could lead to trial and execution as happened to Thomas More . The acts enabled Thomas Cranmer to finally grant King Henry his long desired divorce from Queen Catherine of Aragon , so that he could marry Anne Boleyn . ref http englishhistory.net tudor primary1.html A letter written on 22 June 1536 by Princess Mary to King Henry VIII acknowledging the annulment of her parents marriage ... concerning religion no Statute in Restraint of Appeals ru sv Statute in Restraint of Appeals ... more details
A post sale restraint , also termed a post sale restriction , as those terms are used in United States patent law and United States antitrust law antitrust law , is a limitation that operates after a sale of goods to a purchaser has occurred and purports to restrain, restrict, or limit the scope of the buyer s freedom to utilize, resell, or otherwise dispose of or take action regarding the sold goods. ref See, e.g., https law.fordham.edu publications articles 200flspub6457.pdf Peter Carstensen , Post Sale Restraints via Patent Licensing A Seedcentric Perspective , 16 FORDHAM INTELL. PROP. MEDIA & ENT. L.J. 1053 2006 The use of post sale restraints on buyers of patented goods is an increasingly common strategy of patent holders. The seller attaches a notice to the patented good or a good containing a patented component purporting to limit scope of what the buyer has bought and imposing explicit restraints on buyers freedom to resell the product or take other actions. The patent community has sought to justify and explain these post sale restraints based on an analogy to the right of real property owners to encumber such property with covenants that restrict future owners. The key claim is that the patent owner has the right to divide the interests in the goods being sold and declare that only some rights were transferred. This conception provides a basis to bind not only the party in privity but all others who come, or might come, into possession of this property. www.abanet.org antitrust at source 03 01 frommskitol.pdf Jeffery B. Fromm and Robert A. Skitol , Harmonization of the IP ... by great freedom of traffic in such things as pass from hand to hand. General restraint in the alienation ... 1917 . ref the Court refused to enforce a post sale price fixing restraint imposed on phonograph machines ... subject to a post sale restraint it licensed the other patents, which covered the manufacture of the fuel ... Restraint Category United States patent law Category United States antitrust law ... more details
of an armored superhuman restraint unit in the Marvel Universe was in the pages of Marvel UK s The Mighty ... Superhuman Restraint Unit, and more commonly Cape Killers, were spread out across Marvel comics ... ref . Agent Abrams he led a Superhuman Restraint Unit to capture Nitro comics Robert Nitro Hunter ... more details
Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 popularly kwown as the Sarda Act after its sponsor Rai Sahib Harbilas Sarda to the British India Legislature in India was passed on 28 September 1929 fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years. ref http www.jstor.org pss 4364831 Jstor Age of Marriage of Women and Population Growth ref ref Forbes, Geraldin H., Women in Modern India , Cambridge University Press, 1998 ref ref http timesofindia.indiatimes.com articleshow 1992687.cms Times of India ref It was a result of social reform movement in India. The legislation was passed by the British Indian Government. Significance It was the first social reform issue which was taken up by the organized women in India. They played a major role in the development of argument and actively used the device of political petition and in the process contributed in the field of politics. ref Forbes, Geraldin H., Women in Modern India , Cambridge University Press, 1998 pp 83 ref The various organized women associations got the opportunity of playing independent political role when the cautious British India government, under the pressure of the world opinion, the social reformist in India and Nationalist freedom fighters, referred the Sharda s Bill Hindu Child Marriage Bill to a select committee of ten headed by Sir Moropant Visavanath Joshi . The All India Women s Conference , Women s India Association and National Council of Women in India , through their members developed and articulated the argument in favour of raising of the age for marriage and consent before the Joshi Committee. Even the Muslim women represented to the Joshi Committee. The Muslim women presented their views in favour of raising the age limit of marriage even when they knew that they would face opposition from Muslim Ulemas. ref Forbes, Geraldin H., Women in Modern India , Cambridge University Press, 1998 pp 71 82 85 89 ref However, the Act remained a dead letter during the colonial period of British rule in India. ref Forbes ... more details
KeepLocal OnCommons 1 Information Description Monkey in a restraint tube in a Covance lab in Vienna, Virginia, filmed undercover by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals . Source http www.covancecruelty.com gallery 600 restraint tube7.jpg and http www.covancecruelty.com photos.asp Date 2004 5 Author People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Permission PermissionOTRS ticket https secure.wikimedia.org otrs index.pl?Action AgentTicketZoom&TicketID 738564 PD author PETA Category Animal testing Category Animal rights Category People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ... more details
Non free album cover Non free media rationale Description Album cover Source Derived from a scan of the album cover creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless. Portion Entire front cover, but does not include back or insides of original artwork or audio content on the album Resolution Is only as much resolution is necessary to identify and show the style of artwork used for the article, not enough to be used for piracy. The copy of the image is low resolution and will not produce high quality copies of the art for illegal duplication. The quality is high enough to clearly present the image and to place the subject represented by the image in a good light. Article Drawing Restraint 9 album Purpose It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken and identifies it by recognized features. Replaceability It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value. A free image could not be created to replace it without itself being a derivative work. other information Image in this form is already widely distributed to identify the album as part of catalogs and reviews, so we degrade no market value by providing it ourselves. Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws for the reasons above and because It is a low resolution copy of an album cover, a small portion of the commercial product, and serves as an easily identifiable part of a larger entity. The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder s rights or ability to distribute the original album, and may even increase the potential for the copyright owner to gain from the image. The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of topics in the article. For an ar ... more details
Ibid date April 2010 The Act Concerning Ecclesiastical Appointments and Absolute Restraint of Annates short title Appointment Of Bishops Act 1533 25 Henry VIII , c. 20 was passed by the English Reformation Parliament Reformation Parliament in 1534. This Act abolished all annates and made de jure the royal domination of ecclesiastical elections, which traditionally had been de facto . After the Act of Conditional Restraints of Annates of 1532 Thomas Cromwell , Henry VIII of England Henry VIII s chief minister, wanted to abolish all payments to Rome and to strengthen the royal finances by assigning them to the King of England King . Sometime before January 1533 a list of acts necessary to be made at this Parliament was prepared and one item included what the historian Stanford E. Lehmberg believes is probably the first known source for this Act blockquote Item, an act that if the Pope attempts to vex our Sovereign Lord the King of this realm, by Interdict Roman Catholic Church interdiction , excommunication , or otherwise for the said marriage, which is ratified and established by this realm, that then no subject of this realm after such attempt shall pay to the Pope any manner of annates, porcions, pensions, Peter s Pence Peterpens , ne other profit that the Pope now hath out of this realm, but that the same shall be paid to our said Sovereign to retain for his defence and the realm, till it shall please his Highness otherwise to dispose and order the same to the Pope or see apostolik. ref Stanford E. Lehmberg, The Reformation Parliament, 1529 1536 Cambridge University Press, 1970 , p. 190. ref blockquote Thus the Act was meant to transfer the payment of annates from the Pope to the King and was introduced to the British House of Commons Commons early in the session of Parliament in 1534. The Bill seems to have encountered little opposition in the Commons, possibly because of Cromwell s persuasion. ref Ibid. ref In the House of Lords Upper House it did not meet with such approval ... more details
Summary Film cover fur Article Drawing Restraint 9 Use Infobox ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Name Drawing Restraint 9 Distributor Publisher Type Website Owner Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Poster for the avant garde film Drawing Restraint 9 . Source from imdb.com Portion Low resolution Purpose Must be specified if Use is not Infobox Header Section Artist Replaceability other information Licensing Non free poster Category Film poster images ... more details
Prior review occurs when executive persons read materials before they have been made available to the public. ref http legal dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Prior Restraint Prior Restraint legal definition at TheFreeDictionary ref It is not to be confused with prior restraint . References Reflist Suggested sources http www.studentpress.org nspa trends law0602hs.html Category Censorship Category Censorship in the arts Category Historical deletion Category Freedom of expression Education stub Journalism stub Humanrights stub Law stub ... more details
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