Infobox Bilateral relations Polish Czech Poland Czech RepublicPoland and the Czech Republic are both members of the European Union and NATO . Both joined the EU simultaneously on 1 May 2004. They also both joined NATO on 12 March 1999. Jan Pastwa is the Polish Ambassador to Prague . ref http www.prague.polemb.net Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Prague Link accessed 5 May 2011 ref Jan Sechter is the Czech Ambassador to Warsaw . ref http www.mzv.cz warsaw Embassy of the Czech Republic in Warsaw Link accessed 5 May 2011 ref They share 796 km 495 mi of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement . See also Polish Czechoslovak border conflicts Polish minority in the Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Poland relations References reflist 2 Foreign relations of Poland Foreign relations of the Czech Republic Category Czech RepublicPoland relations Czech stub Poland stub foreignrelations stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Politics of Poland The State Tribunal Lang pl Trybuna Stanu of the PolandRepublic of Poland is the judicial body, which rules on the constitutional liability of people holding the highest offices of state. It examines cases concerning the infringement of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland Constitution and laws or crimes committed by the President of the Republic of Poland President , members of the government, the President of the Supreme Chamber of Control of the Republic of Poland Supreme Chamber of Control , the President of the National Bank of Poland , heads of central administrative offices and other senior state officials. In Poland, referral to the State Tribunal is used instead of the process of impeachment , which is traditionally used in other nations as a way of addressing similar allegations against persons holding analgous offices. The State Tribunal is empowered to rule for the removal of individuals from public office, to impose injunctions on individuals against their appointment to senior offices, to revoke an individual s right to vote and to stand for election, to withdraw previously awarded medals, distinctions and titles of honour, and in criminal cases to impose penalties stipulated in the criminal code. The composition of the State Tribunal is established at the first sitting of each new Sejm and is binding for its term with the exception that the head of the office is Chief Justice of the Republic of Poland Chief Justice , appointed by President of the Republic of Poland President for a six year term . His two deputies and 16 members of the State Tribunal are chosen from outside the Sejm. Members of the State ... rights revoked, nor may they be employed in the state administration. Gov stub Poland bordered DEFAULTSORT State Tribunal Of The Republic Of Poland Category Judicial system of Poland Euro law stub Poland stub it Tribunale di Stato della Repubblica di Polonia pl Trybuna Stanu ru ... more details
Infobox Military Award name Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland br Order Zas ugi Rzeczypospolitej ... of the Republic of Poland awarded by Poland type Five grade order eligibility for Service in improving ... image2 Image Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ribbon.JPG 120px caption2 Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ribbon The Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland Order Zas ugi Rzeczypospolitej ... of Merit of the People s Republic of Poland Image POL Order Zaslugi PRL kl2 BAR.png 70px 2nd class 2nd class Commandery with Star of the Order of Merit of the People s Republic of Poland Image ... s Republic of Poland Image POL Order Zaslugi PRL kl4 BAR.png 70px 4th class 4th class Gold Badge of the Order of Merit of the People s Republic of Poland Image POL Order Zaslugi PRL kl5 BAR.PNG 70px 5th class 5th class Silver Badge of the Order of Merit of the People s Republic of Poland br Since ... were 1st class Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 2nd class Commandery with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 3rd class Commandery of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 4th class Gold Badge of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 5th class Silver Badge of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ref Image POL Order Zaslugi RP kl1 BAR.png 70px 1st class 1st class Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the PolandRepublic of Poland ... of Merit of the PolandRepublic of Poland Image POL Order Zaslugi RP kl3 BAR.png 70px 3rd class 3rd class Commander s Cross of the Order of Merit of the PolandRepublic of Poland Image POL Order ... Republic of Poland Image POL Order Zaslugi RP kl5 BAR.png 70px 5th class 5th class Knight s Cross of the Order of Merit of the PolandRepublic of Poland History The order was established by the act dated April 10, 1974, as the Order of Merit of the People s Republic of Poland Order Zas ugi Polskiej ... Council of State . Image Order zaslugi PRL Polska.jpg 100px thumb The People s Republic of Poland ... more details
Constitutions of Poland The Constitution of the People s Republic of Poland also known as July Constitution ... s Republic of Poland , it was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution also known as Stalin Constitution ... and 1992 from 29 December 1989 it was known simply as the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and was superseded by the Constitution of Poland new Polish constitution on 2 April 1997. The constitution ... of the People s Republic of Poland started with 425 members, and at first the number was declared ... the People s Republic of Poland in Diplomacy foreign relations and the ratification of international ... Tribunal which also existed in the Second Polish Republic , Constitutional Tribunal of Poland Constitutional ... years of service, the Constitution of the People s Republic of Poland was subject to many changes, with its ... 1989, the Contract Sejm changed the name of the country from the People s Republic of Poland into the Republic ... of the People s Republic of Poland in Polish History of the People s Republic of Poland Category ... Category People s Republic of Poland Category Stalinism in Poland Category Legal history of Poland ... the communist legislature and practices as they had been introduced to Poland with PKWN in the wake ... February 1976. This amendment declared that Poland was a socialist country, the PZPR party was the leading force in the building of socialism and Poland was an eternal friend of the Soviet Union . This amendment ... called by the State Council of Poland State Council . The Sejm would also choose a Prezydium body ... Ludowe party. During its first session the Sejm would also nominate the Prime Minister of Poland Prime Minister together with other ministers Council of Ministers of Poland Council of Ministers and members ... the head of The Supreme Chamber of Control of Poland The Supreme Chamber of Control Najwy sza Izba Kotroli, NIK , members of The State Tribunal of Poland The State Tribunal Trybuna Stanu and Constitutional Tribunal of Poland Constitutional Tribunal Trybuna Konstytucjny as well as the Polish Ombudsman ... more details
Censorship in the People s Republic of Poland was primarily performed by the Polish Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows G wny Urz d Kontroli Prasy, Publikacji i Widowisk , a governmental institution created in 1946 by the pro Soviet Provisional Government of National Unity with Stalin s approval and backing, and renamed in 1981 as the G wny Urz d Kontroli Publikacji i Widowisk . The bureau was liquidated after the fall of communism in Poland , in April 1990. ref name portalwiedzy http portalwiedzy.onet.pl 13062,,,,cenzura,haslo.html 50 Cenzura w Polsce. Wiem encyklopedia. 2011 Onet.pl SA. ref A list of prohibited publications and black listed writers was created in 1950 during the darkest years of Stalinism in Poland with some 1,682 items, and subsequently modified many times by the communist authorities in the People s Republic of Poland . Some writers popular before World War II, like Wac aw Kostek Biernacki sentenced to death on fake charges as the enemy of the state in 1953, had their books not only removed from libraries, but also meticulously and deliberately destroyed. ref name polskieradio Miko aj Falkowski, http www.polskieradio.pl 39 247 Artykul 171496,Waclaw KostekBiernacki Wac aw Kostek Biernacki. Polskie Radio . Retrieved November 7, 2011. ref File Stopki redakcyjne.JPG thumb Footnotes in three books published during People s Republic of Poland era. Identifiers of censors are underlined. After the rise of Solidarity Polish trade union Solidarity ... among others. See also Culture in the People s Republic of Poland Propaganda in the People s Republic of Poland Eastern Bloc information dissemination Katyn massacre Other Eastern Bloc states Censorship ... in Category Censorship in Poland Category Censorship in the Eastern Bloc Category People s Republic of PolandPoland hist stub pl Cenzura w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej ... and publications in Poland bibu a , know also as Samizdat , an activity fraught with job discrimination ... more details
of the National Electoral Commission Act of 12 April 2001 on elections to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland . Current Justices class wikitable width 74 ... also Judiciary Rule of law Rule According to Higher Law Supreme Court of Poland References Reflist ... Tribunal gov stub Poland bordered Use dmy dates date March 2011 DEFAULTSORT Constitutional Tribunal Of The Republic Of Poland Category Politics of Poland Category Constitutional courts Poland Category Judicial system of Poland Euro law stub Poland stub it Tribunale Costituzionale della Repubblica ... more details
ds. europejskich Minister of European Affairs Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Poland Ministry ... of the Republic of Poland http www.guc.gov.pl Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture ... Polish government list of ministries Ministries of the Republic of Poland gov stub Poland bordered ...Politics of Poland Currently, Poland has 18 Ministries. The number and type of ministries varied in the past. Existing ministries Ministry of Administration and Digitization Poland Ministry of Administration ... Poland Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi Ministry of Culture and National Heritage Poland Ministry of Culture and National Heritage Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego Ministry of Economy Poland Ministry of Economy Ministerstwo Gospodarki Ministry of Environment Poland Ministry of Environment Ministerstwo rodowiska Ministry of Finance Poland Ministry of Finance Ministerstwo Finans w Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych Ministry of Health Poland Ministry of Health Ministerstwo Zdrowia Ministry of Interior Poland Ministry of Interior Ministerstwo Spraw Wewn trznych Ministry of Justice Poland Ministry of Justice Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwo ci Ministry of Labour and Social Policy Poland Ministry of Labour and Social Policy Ministerstwo Pracy i Polityki Spo ecznej Ministry of National Defence Poland Ministry of National Defence Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej Ministry of National Education Poland Ministry of National Education Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej Ministry of Regional Development Poland Ministry of Regional Development Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego Ministry of Science and Higher Education Poland Ministry of Science and Higher Education Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy szego Ministry of Sport and Tourism Poland Ministry of Sport and Tourism Ministerstwo Sportu i Turystyki Ministry of State Treasury Poland Ministry of State Treasury Ministerstwo ... more details
of Poland in 1939 and not reinstated in People s Republic of Poland . In modern Poland class wikitable ... Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 2008 02 11 See also Sejm Marshal Category Senate of Poland Category Legislative speakers Poland, Senate it Maresciallo del Senato della Polonia pl Marsza ek Senatu Rzeczypospolitej ... more details
The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland Polish Rz d Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej or RTRP was created by Krajowa Rada Narodowa on the night of 31 December 1944. ref Norman Davies Davies, Norman, 1982 and several reprints. God s Playground . 2 vols. New York Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN 0 231 05353 3 and ISBN 0 231 05351 7 ref Background The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland ... in Poland . Creation On 1 January 1945, the Polish Committee of National Liberation became the Provisional Government of Republic of Poland. In London , the Polish government in exile protested. They issued ..., but they took Western Betrayal no further action . The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland ... June, the Provisional Government of Republic of Poland Rz d Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej was transformed ... of Poland. Initially, the RTRP was only officially recognized by the Soviet Union. But before the Yalta Conference , Joseph Stalin conveyed his intention to the Western Allies that Poland was under .... At Yalta, the following Joint Allied Declaration on Poland was developed blockquote The three heads of governments consider that the Eastern frontier of Poland should follow the Curzon line, with digressions from it in some regions of five to eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They recognize that Poland must receive substantial of accessions of territory in the north and west. They feel ... of Poland should thereafter await the Peace Conference. ref name ReferenceA Page 158, The Decline ... Unity Tymczasowy Rz d Jedno ci Narodowej or TRJN 1945 47 Peoples Army of Poland Ludowe Wojsko Polskie or LWP Polish government in exile References references History of the People s Republic of Poland DEFAULTSORT Provisional Government Of The Republic Of Poland Category 1944 establishments Category Government of Poland Category History of Poland 1939 1945 Category Poland Soviet Union relations Category Political history of Poland Category Stalinism in Poland it Governo Provvisorio della Repubblica ... more details
Censorship in the People s Republic of Poland Culture in People s Republic of Poland Education in the People s Republic of Poland Polish underground press bibu a Eastern Bloc information dissemination ... index.shtml Propaganda komunistyczna Category People s Republic of Poland Category Propaganda by country Category Communist propaganda Poland stub politics stub pl Propaganda w Polskiej ... more details
Refimprove date July 2007 Politics of Poland Polsoc Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland lang pl Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej , SdRP was a social democracy social democratic political party in Poland created in 1990, shortly after the Revolutions of 1989 . The party was the main of the two successor parties to the Polish United Workers Party the other being the Social Democratic Union . SdRP was the leading party of the Democratic Left Alliance SLD coalition grouping, formed in 1991. In 1999, SdRP was absorbed into the SLD, which transformed into a unified political party. Among the creators and leading figures of SdRP were the former Polish president Aleksander Kwa niewski , former speaker of the Sejm J zef Oleksy and former List of Prime Ministers of Poland Prime Minister Leszek Miller . Category Political parties in Poland Category Social democratic parties Category Political parties established in 1990 Category Political parties disestablished in 1999 de Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej gl Socialdemocracia da Rep blica de Polonia ja no Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej pl Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ... more details
File Proporzec Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.svg thumb Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland lang pl proporzec Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej Zwierzchnika Si Zbrojnych ... the presence and pay respect to the President of the Republic of Poland who is also ex officio ... directly on the History of Poland 1918 1939 pre war Banner of Poland Banner of the Republic of Poland which used to be part of presidential insignia. Legal specifications File Presidential jack ... in practice by the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland prime minister and, during the 1960s ... znamier The modern Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland was established by the Minister ... jack while lying in state Banner of Poland Flag of Poland Coat of arms of Poland President of the Republic of Poland List of Polish flags References reflist External links pl icon cite web last ... of Poland national coat of arms in the middle, bordered with a w yk generalski , an ornate wavy ... Armed Forces Day, August 15 and Independence Day, November 11 see Public holidays in Poland are typical ... 2007 08 15 europe EU GEN Poland Military Parade.php accessdate 2007 08 19 ref while a smaller jack ... 2010. History File Banner of Poland.jpg thumb left 100px Banner of the Republic on display in the Royal Castle in Warsaw Main Banner of Poland A state banner was used in Poland as insignia of the head ... White Eagle in a red field. In 1919, the Sejm lower house of parliament established the Banner of the Republic of Poland , reserved for use by the head of state &ndash the State Leader Naczelnik Pa stwa and, later, President of the Republic. In 1927, it was modified to reflect the adoption of a new ... pages 299 isbn 83 71 15055 5 ref After the Second World War , the Banner of the Republic was still ... Poland presidential flags url http www.fotw.net Flags pl pres.html Category Flags of Poland Category ... more details
. After pope John Paul II s first pilgrimage to Poland in August 1980, some non conforming instructors ... all their motions and the martial law in Poland martial law was imposed in December 1981, they went ... of ZHR ref Organization Image Scouting Association of the Republic Girl Guide Poland.png thumb left ... Guide Organization is a modified ZHR logo on a blue trefoil . See also Scouting in Poland History of the Scout movement in Poland History of the Scout movement in Poland Notes reflist External links http ... in Poland Category Non aligned Scouting organizations Category Youth organizations based in Poland Category Organizations established in 1989 Category Scouting and Guiding in Poland pl Zwi zek Harcerstwa ... more details
POV date December 2007 Infobox political party country Poland party name Self Defence of the Republic of Poland name native Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej colours Yellow party logo colorcode Self Defense of the Republic of Poland meta color leader Vacant foundation 10 January 1992 ideology Polish nationalism Polish nationalism br Left wing nationalism br Social conservatism br Agrarianism br Left ... the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Sejm . However, it was catapulted to prominence Polish parliamentary ... election , in which it won 56 seats in the Sejm and three in the Senate of the Republic of Poland Senate . Lepper was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland Deputy Prime Minister in the coalition ... member of the State Tribunal of the Republic of Poland, died on July, 2011 in Moscow. See ... Samoobrana website Polish political parties DEFAULTSORT Self Defence Of The Republic Of Poland Category Political parties established in 1993 Category Political parties in Poland Category Agrarian ... Category Self Defence of the Republic of Poland politicians Main ca Autodefensa de la Rep blica de ... international european europarl website http www.samoobrona.pl www.samoobrona.pl Self Defence of the Republic of Poland lang pl Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej , ref Name under which party is registered ref abbreviated to SRP , is an agrarianism agrarian political party and trade union in Poland ... kaliciak.doc Reasons for popularity of populist parties Comparison of Poland and Estonia, Monika ... Parliament election, 2004 Poland 2004 European election , with five joining the Union for Europe ... Lepper ran for president of Poland in the Polish presidential election, 2005 2005 election . He ... extweb3.nsd.uib.no civicactivecms opencms civicactive en Data country poland political parties Political ... funding. The party is hostile towards foreign investments. Poland s June 2003 referendum on membership ... pdf Campbell.pdf Populist Parties in Poland Samoobrona Serious Political Entity or Farce?, SPACE ... more details
long name People s Republic of Poland common name Poland continent Europe era Cold War status Satellite ... 2002 , Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ref p1 Second Polish Republic flag p1 Flag of Poland.svg s1 Poland flag s1 Flag of Poland.svg year start 1944 date start event start Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland Provisional Governm. year end 1989 date end December 30 event end Amendments restoring ... s Republic of Poland Constitution date event2 July 22, 1952 title leader List of Polish heads of state ... s Republic of Poland Polish language Polish Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa , PRL was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1990. ref http upload.wikimedia.org wikipedia commons 1 1f 100 2C000 zloty ... to 1952 Rzeczpospolita Polska The Republic of Poland was the name of the Polish state. The Soviet ... such as Wanda Wasilewska , who were in favour of Poland becoming another republic of the Soviet ... it was not officially transformed into the People s Republic of Poland until the adoption of the Constitution of the People s Republic of Poland 1952 Constitution . However, Gomu ka never supported Stalin ... logo The government and politics of the People s Republic of Poland were dominated by the Polish ... . From 1952 the PRP s highest law was the Constitution of the People s Republic of Poland , and the Polish ... to accept a non communist Poland. Culture main Culture of Poland Education in the People s Republic ... s Republic of Poland was divided into several voivodeship s the Polish unit of administrative ... divisions of the People s Republic of Poland gallery File Poland administrative division 1957 ... commons Polish People s Republic DEFAULTSORT Poland, People s Republic Of Category People s Republic ... 1985 1990 last image flag Flag of Poland.svg image coat Herb PRL.svg image map Poland 1956 1990.svg symbol Coat of arms of Poland government type Marxism Leninism Marxist Leninist single party state single party socialist state br People s Republic common languages Polish language Polish capital ... more details
Infobox Legislature background color 8B0000 text color white name Senate of the Republic of Poland native ... of the Senate of the Republic of Poland Marshal leader1 Bogdan Borusewicz party1 Civic Platform PO leader2 type Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland Vice Marshal leader2 Maria Pa czyk Pozdziej party2 Civic Platform PO leader3 type Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland ... of the Republic of Poland Vice Marshal leader4 Stanis aw Karczewski party4 Law and Justice ... of the National Assembly of the Republic of Poland Polish parliament , the lower house being the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Sejm . The history of the Polish Senate is rich in tradition and stretches ... of the People s Republic of Poland , it was not re established until the collapse of communism and rebirth of democracy in Poland in 1989. The Senate is based in Warsaw and is located ... National Bank . The Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland Marshal of the Senate and any ... would be led by its Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland Marshal and Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland Deputy Marshals who were elected via a simple majority system ... ministers and a part to play in electing, along with the Sejm, the President of Poland President of the Republic ... Coup Poland May Coup of 1935, after which the Senate became the supreme legislative body of the republic .... The Senate of the Republic of Poland today The term of office of a senator is four years. The Senate ... parliamentary election, 2011 Marshals of the Senate of the Republic of Poland after 1922 Senat Marshals ... of Poland , over which hangs an embroidered copy of the Jack of the President of the Republic ... In line with Article 10, Par. 2 and Article 95 of the Constitution of Poland Polish Constitution of April ... ballot. Alongside the Sejm, the President of the Polish Republic, the Council of Ministers and all citizens of Poland, the Senate has the right to take legislative initiatives. Should it be deemed necessary ... more details
refimprove date December 2010 Education in the People s Republic of Poland was controlled by the communist state , which provided primary school s, secondary school s, vocational education and university universities . Education in communist Poland was compulsory from age 7 to 15. Primary and secondary ... lost their scholarschips. See also Education in Poland Numerus clausus Numerus clausus in Poland Numerus clausus References Balicki, Stanis aw W. et al. Twenty Years of the Polish People s Republic . Warszawa Pa stwowe Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, 1964. Category History of education in Poland Category People s Republic of Poland ... , education in Poland was limited. According to official statistics of the time, the number of children ... that education in Poland be free, uniform, public and compulsory. It was to be free in that tuition ... Poland severely educationally lacking. As a result, the Communist program of free and compulsory school ... to 5,650,000 students completed primary schooling in Poland between 1945 and 1963. On July 15, 1961 ... to put into practice what they had learned. Lack of widespread industrialization in Poland ... Training was set up to sculpt the curriculum so that the demands of Poland s planned economy could be met ... Students at a university As almost all of list of universities in PolandPoland s universities , before World War II, were located in major cities, they were completely destroyed during the war. Poland ... during the Warsaw Uprising 1944 uprising . However, post secondary education continued in Poland see underground education in Poland during World War II . Following the war, the universities were rebuilt ... and colleges in Poland was almost double what it had been in 1938 73 and 32, respectively . Among these new colleges were ten medical school s, a type of institution unknown in prewar Poland. Poland ... the Soviet Union , Bulgaria , Czechoslovakia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ... more details
Collectivization in the People s Republic of Poland was a policy pursued during the Stalinism Stalinist period, from 1948 till the Gomu ka s thaw liberalization of 1956 . Poland, however, was the only country of the Eastern Bloc where large scale collectivization was a failure. Legacy of the collectivization in Poland was the network of inefficient State Agricultural Farm s PGRs , many of which can still be seen in the countryside of modern Poland, especially its northern and western provinces Recovered Territories . The decision to carry out the process of collectivization of Polish farmland was taken in September 1948 by Central Committee of the Polish Workers Party . It was based on the June 20, 1948 Bucharest resolution of the Cominform , which stipulated that collectivization was to be started in all Communist countries. ref http niniwa2.cba.pl komunizm wies i chlopi w prl ipn.htm CENA WYGRANEJ, Biuletyn IPN nr 1 2001 ref In July 1948, during a Politburo meeting, Hilary Minc gave a speech on private ownership in Polish economy. Minc, referring to Lenin s notion of permanent rebirth ... Reflist History of the People s Republic of Poland Category Agriculture in Poland Category Agricultural cooperatives Category Agricultural labor Category Economic history of Poland Category People s Republic of Poland pl Kolektywizacja w Polsce ... 15 hectares in Southern and Eastern Poland 8 to 10 hectares . Furthermore, kulaks were even those farmers ... created in Poland, which occupied only 0,8 of arable land and had some 23,000 members. The cooperatives ... of arable land in Poland. In 1955, the number of such farms reached 9800, covering 9,2 of Poland s arable land, and numbering 205,000 members. An average collective farm in Poland employed approximately .... In the course of the time, these farms controlled approximately 10 of Poland s arable land. Like collective ... of villagers. ref http countrystudies.us poland 34.htm Country Studies Poland. The Working Classes ... more details
in the People s Republic of Poland impressive gains in the education level and living standards ... reflist Category Cultural history of Poland Category People s Republic of Poland ...Culture of Poland sidebar After the end of the Second World War , Polish society and Polish culture culture were subject to significant changes. Post Second World War With expanding urban industrial opportunities in the early postwar era, agriculture steadily became less popular as occupation and lifestyle in new Poland. The tertiary sector of industry service sector , like industry, grew rapidly, even though much less than the service sectors of Western Europe. The result was a postwar exodus from the rural areas and increased urbanization , which split apart the traditional multigenerational ... Church believed that any open resistance would be suicidal. Postwar Poland, like the rest of socialist ... rights for women. In many respects, Poland offered women more opportunities in professional occupations ... university teaching employed a considerably higher percentage of women in Poland than in the rest ... in Poland forcible socialist trend in art and culture dominating from late 1940s to late 1950s ... of Congress work Library of Congress Country Studies title Poland The Role of Women accessdate ... aspect of social and economic life in Poland favoured the communists, who held control of the government ... Library of Congress work Library of Congress Country Studies title Poland Industrial Workers accessdate ... rule, the health of Poland s people improved overall, as antibiotics became available and the standard ... October publisher Library of Congress work Library of Congress Country Studies title Poland Health Conditions ... as the baby boom ers came of age. Communist role Following World War II, many Poles believed that Poland ... of Poland s political life. An important role in shaping of the social attitudes of Poles was played ... http www.poloniatoday.com history13.htm . See also Socialist realism in Poland External links pl ... more details
The Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland lang pl Kancelaria Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej , established in 1989, is an institution working for and under the Polish president. This is an equivalent of such institutions as the Executive Chancellery of the President of the United States , and consists of the immediate staff of the President. The goals of the Chancellery are multiple levels of support staff reporting to the President. Chief of the Chancellery Szef Kancelarii is named and responsible before the President himself. Chancellery also consist Presidential cabinet and the Chancellery of the National Security. Chiefs of the Chancellery Micha Janiszewski September 1989 December 21, 1990 under President Wojciech Jaruzelski Jaros aw Kaczy ski December 22, 1990 October 31, 1991 Lech Wa sa Janusz Zi kowski November 1, 1991 May 11, 1995 Lech Wa sa Tomasz Kwiatkowski May 11, 1995 August 12, 1995 Lech Wa sa Stanis aw Iwanicki August 21, 1995 December 22, 1995 Lech Wa sa Danuta Waniek December 23, 1995 December 2, 1997 Aleksander Kwa niewski Danuta H bner December 2, 1997 November 13, 1998 Aleksander Kwa niewski Ryszard Kalisz November 13, 1998 June 13, 2000 Aleksander Kwa niewski Jolanta Szymanek Deresz June 13, 2000 October 18, 2005 Aleksander Kwa niewski Edward Szyma ski acting, October 18, 2005 December 22, 2005 Aleksander Kwa niewski Andrzej Urba ski December 23, 2005 June 2, 2006 Lech Kaczy ski Robert Draba acting, June 2, 2006 August 2, 2006 Lech Kaczy ski Aleksander Szczyg o August 2, 2006 February 7, 2007 Lech Kaczy ski Robert Draba acting, February 7, 2007 November 29, 2007 Lech Kaczy ski Anna Fotyga November 29, 2007 August 20, 2008 Lech Kaczy ski Piotr Kownacki acting August 20, 2008 September 4, 2008 Lech Kaczy ski Piotr Kownacki September 4, 2008 July 27, 2009 Lech Kaczy ski W adys aw Stasiak July 27, 2009 April 10, 2010 Lech Kaczy ski ... of Poland de Kanzlei des Pr sidenten der Republik Polen pl Kancelaria Prezydenta RP ... more details
1978 1983 Jan Bisztyga 1987 1990 Zbigniew Gertych Third Polish Republic Note modern Poland. 1990 1993 ... from the United Kingdom to PolandPoland United Kingdom relations Category Ambassadors of Poland ... more details
Use mdy dates date October 2010 Infobox Bilateral relations People s Republic of China relations Poland People s Republic of China Poland People s Republic of China Poland relations officially began on October 5, 1949. ref name cd http www.chinadaily.com.cn english doc 2004 06 08 content 337598.htm ref ref name mfa http www.mfa.gov.cn eng wjb zzjg xos gjlb 3210 ref The Polish Embassy, Beijing Polish Embassy is located in Beijing . History The diplomatic relations between People s Republic of China and Poland began on October 5, 1949. Diplomatic missions were established shortly after on October 7, 1949. Poland was part of the Soviet bloc and had friendly relations with China and cooperated in international issues such as the Korean war . ref name mfa During the 1950s due to the Sino Soviet split , relations between the two countries degraded. But Poland did support the People s Republic of China s case for the United Nations permanent seat to return to the mainland government. ref name mfa Zhou Enlai the premier in the 1950s made two state visits to Poland . Leaders from Poland such as Boleslaw Bierut, Edward Ochab and Jozef Cyrankiewicz had visited China at various times during this period. ref name cd Poland underwent political and social change when the Soviet bloc Revolutions of 1989 collapsed in the late 1980s and Poland became a new post communist country. The relationship between the two countries remain steadfast as Poland became more of a western liberal democracy with a capitalist market and China embarking on Deng Xiaoping s economic reforms. ref name mfa Bilateral ..., Poland s exports to China is around USD 1 billion. ref name pd http english.peopledaily.com.cn ... Poland Embassy , China pl icon http www.chinaembassy.org.pl chn zh icon Foreign relations of China Foreign relations of Poland Category Bilateral relations of the People s Republic of China Poland Category Bilateral relations of Poland China Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Infobox Government agency agency name Ministry of Sports and Tourism br of the Polish Republic nativename small Ministerstwo Sportu i Turystyki br Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej small logo Logo msit RP.jpg logo width 200px logo caption Ministerial logotype seal Polish Governmental and Diplomatic Plaque.png seal width 150px seal caption Official governmental wall plaque formed preceding1 preceding2 jurisdiction headquarters ul. Senatorska 14, Warsaw employees budget chief1 name Adam Giersz chief1 position Minister of Sports and Tourism chief2 name chief2 position First Deputy Minister parent agency Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland Council of Ministers website http www.msport.gov.pl www.msport.gov.pl footnotes Image Pa ac Blanka.jpg thumb 250px right The seat of the Ministry of Sport and Tourism is today the Blanka Palace in Central Warsaw Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland was created on dts 2005 8 23 by decision of the Council of Ministers under then Prime Minister of Poland Prime Minister Marek Belka . It was renamed on dts 2007 7 23 when tourism was placed under ministry authority. Ministry goals Overseeing sport clubs Matters related to sport Matters related to tourism State controlled Polska Konfederacja Sportu Polish Sport Union became integral part of the ministry. List of ministers Ministers of Sport 2005 2007 class wikitable No. Name Term of Office Party Served under 1 Marek Belka dts 2005 9 1 dts 2005 10 31 Independent Marek Belka 2 Tomasz Lipiec dts 2005 10 31 dts 2007 7 9 Law and Justice Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz , Jaros aw Kaczy ski Jaros aw ... Donald Tusk External links http www.msport.gov.pl index.php?v en Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland official site PolishSportMinisters Ministries of the Republic of Poland DEFAULTSORT Ministry Of Sport And Tourism Of The Republic Of Poland Category Ministries of Poland Category Sports ministries Poland Category Tourism ministries Poland Category Ministries established in 2005 ... more details
or receive government grants and guarantees. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland, and the statute ... , the Presidents of Poland President of the Republic , or the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland ... of Ministers of the Republic of Poland Council of Ministers . The NIK fulfils its tasks based ... Supreme Chamber Of Control Of The Republic Of Poland Category Government of Poland Category Government audit Category Judicial system of Poland de Najwy sza Izba Kontroli pl Najwy sza Izba Kontroli ...Unreferenced date December 2009 Politics of Poland The Supreme Chamber of Control Lang pl Najwy sza Izba Kontroli , abbreviated NIK is the supreme audit institution and also one of the oldest state institutions in Poland , created under the Second Republic of Poland Second Republic on February 7, 1919, barely 3 months after the restoration of Poland s independence. It was created on the initiative of the Head of State, J zef Pi sudski . Its organisation and functioning are set out in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the NIK Act of 23 December 1994. The NIK is subordinate to the Sejm lower chamber of the Polish Parliament and it acts in accordance with the principle of collegiate responsibility. The NIK is headed by the President who is appointed by the Sejm for a six year term of office. The NIK performs audits related to, primarily, the execution of the state budget as well as public finance spending and management of public property by state and local governmental bodies and economic entities. Every year, the NIK submits three key documents to the Sejm the analysis of the state budget execution and monetary policy guidelines, the opinion on the vote of discharge for the Council ... of the Senate of Poland Senate . Terms of office of the President of the NIK do not necessarily coincide ... into Regional Branches is connected with the territorial division of Poland. The number of NIK Regional ... Republic , Slovakia , Russia , and Hungary . The Supreme Chamber of Control also cooperates ... more details
Deputy Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland lang pl Wicemarsza ek Sejmu RP is a person elected to preside over Sejm Polish lower chamber of parliament sessions when the Sejm Marshal is not presiding. Throughout the course of the Third Republic, there have always been several Deputy marshals, usually elected from some or all of the various parliamentary caucuses, rather than from the Government majority although governing parties always have a majority in the Sejm Presidium, which is composed of the Marshal and Deputy Marshals . Third Republic 6th term 2007 present Stefan Niesio owski Civic Platform Krzysztof Putra Law and Justice until 10 April 2010 Jerzy Szmajdzi ski Left and Democrats until 10 April 2010 Ewa Kierzkowska Polish People s Party from 18 June 2009 Jaros aw Kalinowski Polish People s Party until 10 June 2009 Jerzy Wenderlich Left and Democrats from 8 July 2010 Under Marshal Bronis aw Komorowski and Grzegorz Schetyna 5th term 2005 2007 Janusz Dobrosz League of Polish Families elected to replace Marek Kotlinowski, elected to the Constitutional Tribunal Jaros aw Kalinowski Polish People s Party Bronis aw Komorowski Civic Platform Wojciech Olejniczak Democratic Left Alliance Genowefa Wi niowska Samoobrona elected to replace Andrzej Lepper, when he became Deputy Prime Minister Andrzej Lepper Samoobrona Marek Kotlinowski League of Polish Families Under Marshals Marek Jurek and Ludwik Dorn 4th term 2001 2005 Andrzej Lepper Samoobrona removed from office by Sejm Tomasz Na cz Labour Union Poland Labour Union Kazimierz Ujazdowski Law and Justice elected later Janusz Wojciechowski Polish People s Party elected later to the European Parliament J zef Zych elected ... W jcik Confederation of Independent Poland J zef Zych Polish People s Party Under Marshal Wies aw Chrzanowski See also Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland Speaker pro tempore ... ViceMarshalsSejm DEFAULTSORT Deputy Marshal Of The Sejm Of The Republic Of Poland Category Polish politicians ... more details
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