Reichstag may refer to Category Reichstag legislative body Reichstag legislative body the diets or parliaments of the Holy Roman Empire, of the Austrian Hungarian monarchy, and of Germany from 1871 to 1945 Reichstag Holy Roman Empire Reichstag German Empire , the parliament of the North German Confederation 1867 1870 , and of the German Reich 1871 1945 Reichstag Weimar Republic , the parliament of Weimar Republic 1918 1933 Reichstag building , Berlin location where the German legislature met from 1894 to 1933 and again since 1999 Reichstag fire in 1933, which provided a pretext for the Nazis to increase their power Reichstag Fire Decree , the common name of the Order of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State issued by German President Paul von Hindenburg in direct response to the Reichstag fire in 1933. disambig bg cs sk sn m da Rigsdag flertydig de Reichstag es Reichstag eo Reichstag eu Reichstag argipena fr Reichstag id Reichstag it Reichstag krc ka lv Reihst gs lt Reichstagas hu Reichstag egy rtelm s t lap nl Rijksdag no Riksdag nds Rieksdag pt Reichstag ro Reichstag dezambiguizare ru simple Reichstag disambiguation sk R sky snem fi Reichstag sv Reichstag olika betydelser ... more details
, Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed the institution of a republic from one of the balconies of the Reichstag ...distinguish Riksdag building Infobox building name Reichstag native name native name lang former names alternate names image Reichstag pano.jpg image alt caption The Reichstag building. The dedication ... ren oth designers ren qty surveyor ren awards url references The Reichstag building is a historical edifice in Berlin , Germany, constructed to house the Reichstag German Empire Reichstag , parliament of the German Empire . It was opened in 1894 and housed the Reichstag until 1933, when it was severely damaged in a Reichstag fire fire . During the Nazi era, the few meetings of members of the Reichstag as a group were held in the Kroll Opera House . After the Second World War the Reichstag building ... Reichstag , when used to connote a Reichstag disambiguation parliament , dates back to the Holy Roman Empire . The parliamentary body meeting in this building, the Reichstag German Empire Reichstag or Imperial ... in the years of the Nazi regime 1933 1945 . In today s usage, the German language German term Reichstag or Reichstagsgeb ude Reichstag building refers to the building, while the term Bundestag refers to the institution. History of the building Image Reichstagsgebaeude.jpg thumb The Reichstag building c. 1900 Image Reichstag.jpg thumb left The Reichstag at the time of its completion in 1894. Construction ... of the Reichstag about how the construction should be performed. In 1882, another architectural contest ... Emperors . His successor, Wilhelm II , objected to parliament as an institution to a much greater ... 1919 1933 , which was still called the Reichstag . File Reichstag after the allied bombing of Berlin.jpg 200px left thumb Reichstag in postwar occupied Berlin, June 3, 1945 Third Reich The building caught fire on 27 February 1933, under circumstances still not entirely clear see Reichstag fire ... Weimar Constitution in the Reichstag Fire Decree in an effort to weed out the communists and increase ... more details
File Reichstag Luft 2004.jpg thumb The Reichstag building in Berlin with its glass dome File Reichstag Dome 8.JPG thumb Close up of the Reichstag dome The current Reichstag dome is a glass dome constructed on top of the rebuilt Reichstag building in Berlin . It was designed by architect Norman Foster .... Design The Reichstag dome is a large glass dome with a 360 degree view of the surrounding Berlin cityscape ... see the working of the chamber. ref name Galinsky cite web url http www.galinsky.com buildings reichstag index.htm title Reichstag dome, Berlin publisher Galinsky ref The dome is open to the public and can ... Deutsche Welle ref The futuristic and transparent design of the Reichstag dome makes it a unique landmark ... Statesman ref Construction File Germany berlin reichstag 1.jpg thumb The Reichstag dome at night With the German ... to Berlin , it was also decided that the original Reichstag building be rebuilt along with a new ... cite web url http www.aviewoncities.com berlin reichstag.htm title Reichstag Glass Dome publisher A View ... was constructed by Waagner Biro . Gallery gallery Image Germany berlin reichstag spiral.jpg Reichstag ... Image Reichstag Inside Dome 2.JPG Interior view of the dome File Vxla berlin reichstag open air dome.jpg Open air eye of the dome gallery Original dome File 1895 reichstagsgebaeude.jpg thumb The Reichstag before the war with original dome that burned down in 1945 The original Reichstag building ... due to debates between Otto von Bismarck and Reichstag German Empire Reichstag members. In 1894, after ... of the building in the Reichstag fire , an act blamed on the Communists , despite there being ... World War II and the eventual fall of Berlin to the Soviets in 1945. While the Reichstag building was partially ... . Notes and references reflist External links Commonscat inline Dome of the Reichstag building Coord ... structures Category Landmarks in Germany Category Visitor attractions in Berlin Category Reichstag building de Reichstagsgeb ude Die Kuppel es C pula del Reichstag tr Reichstag Kubbesi ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove November 2010 update August 2010 Infobox historical event Event Name Reichstag ... to put out the fire. AKA Participants Marinus van der Lubbe Location Reichstag building , Berlin Date 27 February 1933 Status Van der Lubbe capital punishment executed The Reichstag fire German Der Audio De Reichstagsbrand.ogg Reichstagsbrand was an arson attack on the Reichstag building Reichstag building ... an alarm call that the Reichstag building, the assembly location of the Reichstag Weimar Republic German Parliament , was ablaze. The fire started in the Session Chamber, ref Tobias, Fritz, The Reichstag ... History of the Reichstag Fire in Berlin Germany ref With civil liberties suspended, the government ... his power. Meanwhile, investigation of the Reichstag fire continued, with the Nazis eager to uncover ... during the Leipzig Trial , known also as the Reichstag Fire Trial Bulgaria ns Georgi Dimitrov , Vasil ... flag operation. The responsibility for the Reichstag fire remains an ongoing topic of debate and research ... Paul von Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag Weimar Republic Reichstag and call for a new parliamentary ... of the Reichstag . These special powers would remain in effect for four years, after which time they were ... . To pass an Enabling Act, a party required a vote by a two thirds majority in the Reichstag . In January ..., after the elections and before the new Reichstag convened. The Reichstag fire allowed Hitler to accelerate the banning of the Communist Party. The Nazis capitalized on the fear that the Reichstag fire ... Time 1 10 15 p.m. local time on 27 February 1933, the Berlin Fire Department received a message that the Reichstag ... by car to the Reichstag , where they were met by Hermann G ring . G ring told Hitler, This is a Communist ... Hitler asked for and received from President Hindenburg the Reichstag Fire Decree , signed into law by Hindenburg using Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution. The Reichstag Fire Decree suspended ... cause. Despite the fact that Marinus van der Lubbe claimed to have acted alone in the Reichstag ... more details
for law , the formal mechanism for political rule making and enforcement. Types of institution Marriage ... business es, including corporation s see financial institution , factory , capitalism , division ... aspects examples include money and marriage . The institution of money encompasses many ... composed of groups of roles, or expected behaviors. The social function of the institution was executed ... on an institution involving an auctioneer who sells all goods at the market clearing price. While ... a particular individual to an institution, such as a mental institution. To this extent, institutionalization ... within the institution but also responsive to its socialization process. See also Wiktionarypar institution ... memory Linkage institution References reflist Bibliography Berger, P. L. and T. Luckmann 1966 ... be x old bg ca Instituci cs Instituce da Institution de Institution et Institutsioon el es Instituci n eo Institucio fa fr Institution sociologie gl ... pt Institui o ro Institu ie ru sq Institucioni simple Institution sl Ustanova ... more details
The Reichstag Peace Resolution passed by the German Reichstag German Empire Reichstag on July 19, 1917 with the support of the Social Democratic Party Germany Social Democrats , the Catholic Center Party , and the Progressive People s Party Germany Progressive People s Party was an attempt to seek a negotiated peace in World War I . The resolution called for no annexations, no indemnities, freedom of the seas, and international arbitration. It was ignored by the German High Command, and by the Allied Powers. Category Reichstag building Category Resolutions law ... more details
, a second vote took place. The Reichstag had no formal right to install or dismiss the government. Legislation was shared between both the Reichstag and the then Bundesrat , which was the council of the reigning princes of the German states. Seat File Berlin reichstag CP.jpg thumb Reichstag building, today s German parliament, in 2007 See also Reichstag building The Reichstag gathered first in the houses ... Reichstag . It was opened in 1894. See also Reichstag disambiguation References references External links Commons category Reichstag German Empire http resikom.adw goettingen.gwdg.de projekt.php H fe ... Reichstag legislative body bg ca Reichstag da Reichstag de Reichstag Deutsches Kaiserreich es Reichstag parlamento alem n eo Reichstag institucio eu Reichstag fr Reichstag Empire allemand fy Ryksdei D tsl n ga Reichstag is R kisdagur it Reichstag istituzione la Dieta ... Det tyske keiserrike nn Reichstag pl Reichstag pt Reichstag institui o ru sk Reichstag sv Reichstag Tyska kejsard met ta th uk zh ... more details
The cupola atop the Reichstag building Reichstag . Date 6th August 2003 20 41 Camera Sony DSC P10 Exposure 1 8 sec. Focal Length 8mm Aperture F 2.8 ISO 320 GFDL en migration relicense Orphan image ... more details
Summary The facade of the Reichstag. Taken by Rusty Pickens on 5 24 2007. Licensing PD self date May 2007 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot Orphan image ... more details
Summary On top of the Reichstag building during sunset, September 2007. Licensing GFDL self migration relicense Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Image Bundesarchiv N 1310 Bild 048, Berlin, Reichstagssitzung.jpg thumb Reichstag on September 12, 1932 ... 0703 507, Berlin, Reichstagssitzung, Rede Adolf Hitler.jpg thumb Adolf Hitler addressing the Reichstag with his speech against Franklin D. Roosevelt , December 11, 1941 The Reichstag German language ... Republic 1918 1933 . German constitution commentators consider only the Reichstag and now the Bundestag ... states. In the Weimar Republic 1919 1933 , the members of government were responsible to the Reichstag ... between the total share of votes and the share of mandates. Besides the Reichstag the Reichsrat ... a seat in the Reichstag. A party could win a seat with as little as 0.4 percent of the national ... difficult to form a stable government. In 1920 1923 and from 1930 on, the Reichstag was often ... act, the Reichstag formally dispensed from itself exclusive responsibility for the exercise of the legislative ... s Reichstag convened only 20 times, for the last time on April 26, 1942. On January 25, 1943, five days before the expiration of the last Reichstag s period, the inaugural of a new body was postponed ... Reichstag. Die Geschichte der Pseudo Volksvertretung 1933 1945. Droste Verlag, D sseldorf 1992 ... are concerned. Seat File Berlin reichstag CP.jpg thumb Reichstag building, today s German parliament, in 2007 See also Reichstag building The Reichstag gathered first in the houses of the Prussian ... building was ready. This building is today known as the Reichstagsgeb ude or short Reichstag . It was opened in 1894. After the building was severely damaged in the Reichstag fire of February 1933, the national socialist Reichstag met in the Kroll Opera House . After the war the remaining, but heavily damaged building was prepared as a exposition hall. From 1999 on the Bundestag uses the Reichstag as its permanent building. The official address is Platz der Republik 1 . See also Reichstag disambiguation References references External links Commons category Reichstag Weimar Republic http mdz1.bib ... more details
Summary A picture of the Reichstag building in Berlin taken by Ian Strang. Licensing PD self date September 2007 Orphan image Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
contradict other File Soviet flag on the Reichstag roof Khaldei.jpg Non free historic image Non free use rationale Description Soldiers raising the flag of Soviet Union on the roof of Reichstag building in Berlin, May, 1945. Original photograph by Yevgeny Khaldei. ref name Spiegel Jul08 cite news url http www.spiegel.de international europe 0,1518,551972,00.html title The Art of Soviet Propaganda Iconic Red Army Reichstag Photo Faked last Sontheimer first Michael date 05 July 2008 work Der Spiegel accessdate 2008 10 23 ref This version of the photograph was significantly altered for propaganda purposes additional smoke was added for dramatic effect, and multiple wristwatches were removed from the lower soldier s wrist, as they would imply that he had been looting. ref name Spiegel Jul08 Wristwatches were removed from the soldiers to hide indications of looting, and later versions added smoke and replaced the flag for more drama. ref sup This is the unaltered version, check the link http www.spiegel.de international europe 0,1518,551972,00.html here . Check the bottom right of the photo, the soldier not holding the flag has one wrist watch on each arm. sup A higher resolution image can ... Oct. 9 2011 ref Source http www.famouspictures.org mag index.php?title Flag on the Reichstag Flag on the Reichstag Article Raising a flag over the Reichstag Portion Whole image Low resolution Yes Purpose ... of Reichstag building in Berlin, May, 1945. Original photograph by Yevgeny Khaldei. ref name ... of Soviet Propaganda Iconic Red Army Reichstag Photo Faked last Sontheimer first Michael date 05 ... Source http www.famouspictures.org mag index.php?title Flag on the Reichstag Flag on the Reichstag Article ... of a historically significant photo that represents a historical event of the taking of the Reichstag ... significant photo that represents a historical event of the taking of the Reichstag in Germany that cannot be reproduced. References Reflist ar Reichstag flag original.jpg vi T p tin Reichstag ... more details
Paul von Hindenburg in direct response to the Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933. The decree .... Hitler s government had urged von Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag building Reichstag and to call ... election &mdash Reichstag fire fire broke out in the Reichstag chambers. While the exact circumstances ... of the Reichstag building Reichstag building as the supposed opening salvo in a communist ... of Communist terror. The official account stated blockquote The burning of the Reichstag was intended ... to remedy dangers to public safety without the prior consent of the Reichstag. It consisted of six ... of its proclamation. Text of the decree The preamble and Article 1 of the Reichstag Fire Decree ... number of arrests in Prussia on the basis of the Reichstag Fire Decree in the two weeks following 28 ... effect with the decree in place. Among the German communists arrested on the basis of the Reichstag ... Just over three weeks after the passage of the Reichstag Fire Decree, Hitler s National Socialists ... Act . This act gave Hitler s cabinet the legal power to decree laws without being passed by the Reichstag &mdash effectively making Hitler a dictator. The Reichstag Fire Decree remained in force for the duration .... See also Wikisourcelang de Reichstagsbrandverordnung Full text of Reichstag Fire Decree German Gleichschaltung ... in law Category Emergency laws Category Law in Nazi Germany Category Reichstag building Category Repealed German legislation Category Weimar Republic ca Decret de l Incendi del Reichstag cs Dekret o ... incendio del Reichstag fr Reichstagsbrandverordnung it Decreto dell incendio del Reichstag no Riksdagsbrannforordningen ... more details
President of the Reichstag German Empire Reichstag was the presiding officer of the German national assembly 1871&ndash 1918 and again from 1920&ndash 1945. Below is a list of office holders 1871 1918 class wikitable Name Entered office Left office Party Eduard Simson March 1871 February 1874 Non party Maximilian Franz August von Forckenbeck February 1874 May 1879 Non party Otto Theodor von Seydewitz May 1879 February 1880 Non party Adolf Graf von Arnim Boitzenburg February 1880 February 1881 Non party Gustav Konrad Heinrich von Gossler February 1881 November 1881 Non party Albert Erdmann Karl Gerhard von Levetzow November 1881 November 1884 Non party Wilhelm von Wedell Piesdorf November 1884 November 1888 Non party Albert Erdmann Karl Gerhard von Levetzow November 1888 March 1895 Non party Rudolf Freiherr von Buol Berenberg March 1895 December 1898 Non party Franz von Ballestrem December 1898 20 February 1907 Non party Udo Graf zu Stolberg Wernigerode 20 February 1907 19 February 1910 Non party Hans Graf von Schwerin L witz 1 March 1910 February 1912 Non party Johannes Kaempf February 1912 25 May 1918 Non party Konstantin Fehrenbach June 1918 November 1918 Centre Party Germany Centre Party In 1919 the Reichstag was replaced by the Weimar National Assembly. Below is a list of the presidents of that body class wikitable Name Entered office Left office Party Eduard David 7 February 1919 13 February 1919 Social Democratic Party of Germany Conrad Haussmann acting 13 February 1919 14 February 1919 German Democratic Party Konstantin Fehrenbach 14 February 1919 21 June 1920 Centre Party Germany Centre Party In 1920 the Reichstag was re established. Below is a list of office holders 1920 1945 class wikitable Name Entered office Left office Party Paul L be 25 June 1920 27 May 1924 Social Democratic Party of Germany Max Wallraf 28 May 1924 7 January 1925 German National People s Party ... Of The Reichstag Germany Category Politics of Germany Category Lists of legislative speakers ... more details
File Reichstag flag original.jpg thumb 400px Raising a flag over the Reichstag , by Yevgeny Khaldei Raising a flag over the Reichstag is a historic World War II photograph taken during the Battle of Berlin ... of the Soviet Union atop the German Reichstag building . The photograph was instantly popular, being ... Union . The photograph is full of symbolism and represents a historic moment. Erected in 1894, the Reichstag ... and was considered by the Red Army the symbol of their enemy. In reality, the Reichstag had not been used for any official purposes since the Reichstag fire 1933 fire and had never been fully repaired. After very bloody and fierce combat within its walls, the Soviets finally captured the Reichstag ... and Soviets. Background File Soviet flag on the Reichstag roof Khaldei.jpg thumb Raising a flag over the Reichstag , by Yevgeny Khaldei but with smoke enhanced Main Battle of Berlin The Battle of Berlin ... due to the confusion of the battle to take the number one target in Berlin, the Reichstag. On 30 ... stating that his troops had captured the Reichstag and hoisted a flag. However, when correspondents ... raising the soviet flag on the roof of the reichstag with two Watchs.jpg image2 Red army soldiers raising the soviet flag on the roof of the reichstag with no Watch.jpg width 200 caption2 The original ... p On 2 May 1945 Khaldei scaled the now pacified Reichstag to take his picture. The official story ... pages 568 small cite web last Lucas first Dean date 2010 02 28 title Flag on the Reichstag publisher FamousPictures.org url http www.famouspictures.org mag index.php?title Flag on the Reichstag accessdate ... of Soviet Propaganda Iconic Red Army Reichstag Photo Faked publisher Der Spiegel url http www.spiegel.de ... last Tissier first Tony Le authorlink year 1999 title Race for the Reichstag the 1945 Battle for Berlin ... es Alzando una bandera sobre el Reichstag fr Le Drapeau rouge sur le Reichstag id Pengibaran bendera di atas Reichstag he ja ru ... more details
of Princes F rstenrat of the Imperial Assembly Reichstag in 1582 1999 2009 G. Oestreich und E. Holzer ... history related lists Reichstag participants 1792 Category Lists of states in the Holy Roman Empire 1792 Category Lists of political office holders in Germany Reichstag participants 1792 Category 1792 in Europe de Reichsf rstenrat es Anexo Estados en el Reichstag de 1792 fr Liste des participants ... more details
Presidium of the Reichstag Weimar Republic It consisted of the Reichsdagspr sident, Erste Stellvertreter First Deputy President , Zweiter Stellvertreter Second Deputy President and Dritter Stellvertreter Third Deputy President National Assembly 1919 1920 Presidium elected on February 7, 1919 class wikitable President Party Notes Eduard David ref Miller, Susanne Einleitung Kriegstagbuch , p XXIV ref br Constantin Fehrenbach ref name ndb 1 Griebing, Helga http daten.digitale sammlungen.de 0001 bsb00016321 images index.html?seite 67 Fehrenbach, Konstantin in Neue Deutsche Biographie ref Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD br Centre Party Germany Zentrum To February 13, 1919 br From February 14, 1919 Deputy President Party Notes Hermann Dietrich br Constantin Fehrenbach ref name ndb 1 br Conrad Hau mann br Hermann Schulz br Paul L be ref name ndb 2 Neubach, Helmuth http daten.digitale sammlungen.de 0001 bsb00016333 images index.html?seite 36 L be, Paul in Neue Deutsche Biographie ref German National People s Party DNVP br Zentrum br German Democratic Party DDP br Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD br SDP br To February 13, 1919 br br February 14, 1919&ndash July 14, 1920 br From July 15, 1920 1. Legislative Session 1920 1924 class wikitable President Party Paul L be ref name ndb 2 SPD First Deputy President Party Wilhlm Dittmann ref name ndb 3 Kotowski, Georg http daten.digitale sammlungen.de 0001 bsb00016320 images index.html?seite 19 Dittmann, Wilhelm in Neue Deutsche Biographie ref Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany USPD Second Deputy President Party Johannes Bell Zentrum Third Deputy President Party Notes Hermann Dietrich br Jacob Rie er DNVP br German People s Party DVP br From May 11, 1921 2. Legislative Session 1924 class wikitable President Party Max Wallraff DNVP First Deputy President Party Wilhelm Dittmann ref name ndb 3 SPD Second Deputy President Party Johannes Bell ref name ndb 4 Milatz, Alfred http daten.digitale sammlungen.de 0001 bsb00016318 ... more details
Edinburgh Institution may refer to Edinburgh Institution for Languages and Mathematics , now Stewart s Melville College Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts , now the Royal Scottish Academy dab ... more details
The peculiar institution may refer to slavery , as it existed in the southern United States before the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Thirteenth Amendment & 8220 our peculiar institution ,& 8221 a euphemism for slavery The Peculiar Institution , a book by Kenneth Stampp about slavery in the United States disambiguation ... more details
A thrift institution is a financial institution that obtains the majority of its funds from the savings of the public savings and loan association S&Ls and savings banks , are the types of thrift institutions. Category Financial institutions finance stub ... more details
Context date October 2009 Disciplinary institutions French language French fr Institution disciplinaire Institution disciplinaire is a concept proposed by Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish 1975 . School , prison , barracks or the hospital are examples of historical disciplinary institution s, all created in their modern form in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution . Discipline cannot be identified with any one institution or apparatus, Gilles Deleuze Deleuze explains, precisely because it is a type of Power philosophy power , a technology, that traverses every kind of apparatus or institution, linking them, prolonging them, and making them converge and function in a new way. ref Deleuze 1986, 26 . ref This concept may be related to the concept of total institution proposed by Erving Goffman in 1961, as well as to Louis Althusser s Ideological State Apparatus es ISA . See also Portal Philosophy governmentality Power philosophy power References Reflist Sources Gilles Deleuze Deleuze, Gilles . 1986. Foucault . Trans. Sean Hand. London Athlone, 1988. ISBN 0826457800. Michel Foucault Foucault, Michel . 1975. Discipline and Punish Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison . Trans. Alan Sheridan . London Penguin, 1991. ISBN 014013722X. DEFAULTSORT Disciplinary Institution Category Michel Foucault Category Philosophical concepts Category Political philosophy philo stub es Instituciones disciplinarias fr Institution disciplinaire nl Disciplinemaatschappij ... more details
globalize USA date December 2010 A depository institution is a financial institution in the United States such as a savings bank , commercial bank , savings and loan association , or credit union that is legally allowed to accept monetary deposits from consumer consumers . Federal depository institutions are regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC . An example of a non depository institution might be a mortgage bank . While licensed to lend, they cannot accept deposits. References Ruben D Cohen 2004 http rdcohen.50megs.com DepInstabstract.htm The Optimal Capital Structure of Depository Institutions , Wilmott Magazine , March issue. DEFAULTSORT Depository Institution Category Financial institutions Business stub ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2010 Notability date August 2010 infobox Organization name The Takshashila Institution image caption abbreviation motto Anticipating and Influencing Global Future formation 2002 type Think tank headquarters Chennai, India location India leader title President leader name website www.takshashila.org.in http takshashila.org.in The Takshashila Institution is a think tank based in India. The Takshashila Institution is registered as a non profit trust. Category Think tanks based in India ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Orphan date February 2009 The Marada Institution has existed ever since the beginning of the Ottoman invasion of Lebanon. It was formed in Zgharta , north Lebanon by several of the important families there to fight the Ottoman invasion. After the fall of the Ottoman empire, the institution was led by the Frangieh family and became involved in politics. First led by Kabalan Frangieh, then by Hamid his older son. After Hamid died, his brother Sleiman became the leader, made the institution a militia during the Lebanese civil war, and became a Lebanese president. His son Tony was killed by Bachir Gemayel s Lebanese Forces militia. Tony s son Sleiman Jr. survived the attack and took lead of the institution after his grandfather s death. In 2006 he transformed the institution into a movement. Category Politics of Lebanon ... more details
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