Search: in
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Encyclopedia Encyclopedia
  Tutorials     Encyclopedia     Videos     Books     Software     DVDs  
       
Encyclopedia results for RNA dependent RNA polymerase

RNA dependent RNA polymerase





Encyclopedia results for RNA dependent RNA polymerase

  1. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

    dependent RNA synthesis utilizes a small 2 to 3 kilodalton viral protein to initiate polymerase ... Z, Zheng C title Structure function analysis of mutant RNA dependent RNA polymerase complexes with VPg ... of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus journal Structure volume 5 issue 8 pages 1109 22 ... CE title Poliovirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase 3Dpol structural, biochemical, and biological analysis ... name pmid9878607 cite journal author O Reilly EK, Kao CC title Analysis of RNA dependent RNA polymerase ... 1 virus NS5 protein expressed in Escherichia coli exhibits RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity. This RNA directed RNA polymerase possesses a number of short regions and motifs homologous to other RNA ... RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity journal Virology volume 216 issue 2 pages 317 25 year 1996 ... IPR000208 DEFAULTSORT Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase Category Gene expression Category RNA Category ...Pfam box Symbol RNA pol flaviviral Name RNA directed RNA polymerase, flaviviral Pfam PF00972 InterPro IPR000208 PROSITE PDB RNA dependent RNA polymerase RdRP , RDR , or RNA replicase , is an enzyme EC number 2.7.7.48 that catalyzes the Self replication replication of RNA from an RNA template. This is in contrast to a typical DNA dependent RNA polymerase , which catalyzes the transcription genetics transcription of RNA from a DNA template. RNA dependent RNA polymerase RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of all RNA containing viruses with no DNA stage. ref name pmid2759231 cite journal author Koonin EV, Gorbalenya AE, Chumakov KM title Tentative identification of RNA dependent RNA ... De novo initiation of viral RNA dependent RNA synthesis journal Virology volume 287 issue 2 pages ... required for positive strand RNA synthesis. CRE dependent VPg uridylylation lower s the Km of UTP required for viral RNA replication and CRE dependent VPgpUpUOH synthesis, and is required for efficient ... the catalytic subunits of DNA dependent RNA polymerases and eukaryotic RNA dependent RNA polymerases ...   more details



  1. RNA polymerase

    and chloroplast s. And there are RNA dependent RNA polymerase s involved in RNA interference . ref cite journal author Makeyev EV, Bamford DH title Cellular RNA dependent RNA polymerase ... positive strand RNA viruses , such as polio , also contain these RNA dependent RNA polymerase s. ref ...infobox enzyme Name DNA Directed RNA Polymerase EC number 2.7.7.6 CAS number 9014 24 8 IUBMB EC number 2 7 7 6 GO code 0034062 image width 260px caption Check the EC number again RNA polymerase RNAP or RNApol ... The Discovery of RNA Polymerase journal Journal of Biological Chemistry volume 280 issue 52 pages 42477 ... for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription ... title Functional modulation of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase year 2000 volume 54 pages 499 518 ... helicase activity, therefore no separate enzyme is needed to unwind DNA. RNA polymerase action Binding and initiation RNA Polymerase binding in prokaryotes involves the subunit recognizing the upstream ... binding to heat shock genes. After binding to the DNA, the RNA polymerase switches from a closed ... behind RNAP are rewound and negative supercoils are present. As noted above, RNA polymerase makes ... complex is stabilized, RNA polymerase synthesizes an RNA strand to establish a DNA RNA heteroduplex ..., RNA polymerase must maintain promoter contacts while unwinding more downstream DNA for synthesis ..., RNA polymerase is considered a stressed intermediate. Thermodynamically the stress accumulates ..., RNA polymerase releases its upstream contacts and effectively achieves the promoter escape transition into the elongation phase. However, promoter escape is not the only outcome. RNA polymerase can also ... reestablish a new 3 OH on the nascent transcript at the active site via RNA polymerase s catalytic ... abortive initiation to explain the unproductive cycling of RNA polymerase before the promoter escape ... In prokaryotes, termination of RNA transcription can be rho independent or rho dependent Rho ...   more details



  1. RNA polymerase II

    Image RNA polymerase II.fcgi.png thumb 300px right RNA polymerase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consisting of all 12 subunits. Credit Meyer PA, Ye P, Zhang M, Suh MH, Fu J, Phasing RNA polymerase II using ... Meyer cite journal author Meyer PA, Ye P, Zhang M, Suh MH, Fu J title Phasing RNA polymerase II ... this url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Structure mmdb mmdbsrv.cgi?uid 39591. RNA polymerase II also ... type of RNA polymerase . A wide range of transcription factors are required for it to bind to its promoter ... core RNA polymerase II was first purified using transcription assays. ref name Sawadogo cite journal author Sawadogo M, Sentenac A title RNA polymerase B II and general transcription factors ... RA title RNA polymerase II holoenzymes and subcomplexes journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 issue ... C, Vigneron M title Interactions between the human RNA polymerase II subunits journal J Biol Chem. month ... style color ff00ff magenta span RPB1 CTD. DNA directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 an enzyme that in human s is encoded by the POLR2A gene . RPB1 is the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II ... Functional studies of the carboxy terminal repeat domain of Drosophila RNA polymerase II in vivo ... cite web title Entrez Gene POLR2A polymerase RNA II DNA directed polypeptide A, 220kDa url http ... name POLR2B cite web title Entrez Gene POLR2B polymerase RNA II DNA directed polypeptide B, 140kDa ... RNA polymerase II pol II subunit hsRPB4 with its partner hsRPB7 and with pol II journal Mol ... gene. Two molecules of this subunit are present in each RNA polymerase II. ref name POLR2E cite web title Entrez Gene POLR2E polymerase RNA II DNA directed polypeptide E, 25kDa url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... web title Entrez Gene POLR2F polymerase RNA II DNA directed polypeptide F url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... POLR2G polymerase RNA II DNA directed polypeptide G url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ... ref name POLR2J3 cite web title POLR2J3 polymerase RNA II DNA directed polypeptide J3 url ...   more details



  1. T7 RNA polymerase

    Image T7 RNA polymerase.jpg thumb right T7 RNA Polymerase blue producing mRNA light blue from a double stranded DNA template orange . T7 RNA Polymerase is an RNA polymerase from the T7 bacteriophage that catalyzes the formation of RNA in the 5 3 direction. Activity T7 polymerase is extremely Promoter biology promoter specific and transcribes only DNA downstream of a T7 promoter. The T7 polymerase also requires a DNA template and Mg sup 2 sup ion as cofactor for the synthesis of RNA. It has a very low error rate. T7 polymerase has a molecular weight of 99 kDa. Related proteins Related family members include phage T3 and SP6 RNA polymerase s, but this family is also related to the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The T7 family of RNA polymerases is structurally and evolutionarily distinct from the multi subunit family of RNA polymerases including bacterial and eukaryotic sub families . In contrast to bacterial RNA polymerases, T7 polymerase is not inhibited by the antibiotic rifampicin . Nevertheless ... applications, T7 RNA polymerase is commonly used to transcribe DNA that has been cloned ... CT, Esposito EA, Theis K, Gong P title Structure and function in promoter escape by T7 RNA polymerase ... doi 10.1016 S0079 6603 05 80008 X url Cite journal author Sousa R, Mukherjee S title T7 RNA polymerase ... T7 RNA polymerase or, the virtues of simplicity journal Cell. Mol. Biol. Res. volume ... Nuclease activity of T7 RNA polymerase and the heterogeneity of transcription elongation complexes ... Nicolas enzymolo.htm T7 RNA Polymerase Enzymology http openwetware.org wiki In vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase OpenWetWare polymerases Category RNA Molecular cell biology stub Enzyme stub de T7 RNA Polymerase it T7 RNA polimerasi tr T7 RNA polimeraz zh T7RNA ... orientation. RNA can be selectively synthesized from either strand of the insert DNA with the different ... labeled single stranded RNA can be generated with this system. Transcripts can be non radioactively ...   more details



  1. RNA polymerase IV

    RNA polymerase IV is an enzyme which synthesizes small interfering RNA siRNA in plants. ref name Herr2005 cite journal author Herr, A. J. , M. B. Jensen, T. Dalmay, and D. C. Baulcombe title RNA Polymerase IV Directs Silencing of Endogenous DNA doi 10.1126 science.1106910 journal Science year 2005 volume 308 pmid 15692015 ref Polymerase IV is specific to plants genomes and is required for the synthesis of over 90 of 24 nt heterochromatic siRNA. ref name Zhang2007 cite journal author Zhang, Xiaoyu , Ian R. Henderson,Cheng Lu,Pamela J. Green, and Steven E. Jacobsen title Role of RNA polymerase IV in plant small RNA metabolism journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA year 2007 volume 104 doi 10.1073 pnas.0611456104 ref Function RNA polymerase silences the transposons and repetitive DNA in the siRNA pathway. ref name Herr2005 The siRNA plays a major role in defending the genome against the invading viruses and transposable elements by RNA directed DNA methylation. ref name Zhang2007 Polymerase IV and ROS1 demethylase unlocks and recondenses the 5S rDNA chromatin , which is present in seed and used for the development of adult features in plants. ref name Douet2008 cite journal author Douet, Julien , Bertrand Blanchard, Claudine Cuvillier, and Sylvette Tourmente title Interplay of RNA Pol IV and ROS1 During Post Embryonic 5S rDNA Chromatin Remodeling journal Plant and Cell Physiology year 2008 volume 49 ref Polymerase IV is involved in setting the methylation patterns in the 5S genes during plant maturation. ref name Douet2008 In Arabidopsis thaliana arabidopsis polymerase IV works with binding protein DCL3 and a RNA polymerase II RDR2 in a silencing pathway which Polymerase IV would produce RNA, which is changed to dsRNA by RDR2 then converted to siRNA by DCL3. ref name Herr2005 References Reflist Polymerases Category Enzymes pt RNA polimerase RNA polimerase IV ...   more details



  1. RNA polymerase II holoenzyme

    RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of Eukaryote eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters ... RA title RNA polymerase II holoenzymes and subcomplexes journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 issue ... cgi reprint 273 43 27757.pdf ref It consists of RNA polymerase II , a subset of general transcription ... polymerase II main RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase II also called RNAP II and Pol II is an enzyme found ... of a Transcription preinitiation complex preinitiation complex , which, together with RNA polymerase ... author Orphanides G, Lagrange T, Reinberg D title The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase ... ref The cluster of RNA polymerase II and various transcription factors is known as a basal ... of protein coding gene s in eukaryote s and archaea . The PIC helps position RNA polymerase II over ... journal author Ossipow V, Fonjaliaz P, Schibler U title An RNA Polymerase II Complex Containing All ... into proper position for entry into the active site of RNA polymerase II . TFIIB binds partially ... recruits RNA polymerase II and TFIIF. ref name Ossipow Transcription Factor II F TFIIF two ... DNA. ref name Lee Transcription Factor II E TFIIE helps to open and close the RNA polymerase II Pol ... II at the amino acid serine. This switches the RNA polymerase to start producing RNA . ref name Pierce ... to the C terminal domain CTD of RNA polymerase II holoenzyme , acting as a bridge between this enzyme ... of POLR2A . The carboxy terminal domain CTD of RNA polymerase II is that portion of the polymerase ... of Drosophila RNA polymerase II in vivo journal Genetics. volume 140 issue 2 pages 599 613 year 1995 ... pages 223 6 month Jul year 2004 title Recognition of RNA polymerase II carboxy terminal domain by 3 ... of RPB1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. It serves as a flexible binding Scaffold protein ... Tails of RNA polymerase II journal Trends Biol Sci. month year 1990 volume 15 issue pages 383 7 .... CDK8 and cyclin C CCNC are components of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme that phosphorylate the carboxyl ...   more details



  1. RNA polymerase I

    RNA polymerase I also called Pol I is, in eukaryotes , the enzyme that only Transcription genetics transcribes ribosomal RNA but not 5S ribosomal RNA 5S rRNA , which is synthesized by RNA Polymerase III , a type of RNA that accounts for over 50 of the total RNA synthesized in a cell. ref cite journal author Russell J, Zomerdijk JC title The RNA polymerase I transcription machinery journal Biochem. Soc. Symp. issue 73 pages 203 16 year 2006 pmid 16626300 ref Pol I consists of 8 14 protein subunits polypeptides . All 12 subunits have identical or related counterparts in RNA polymerase II Pol II and RNA polymerase III Pol III . rDNA transcription is confined to the nucleolus where several hundreds of copies of rRNA genes are present, arranged as tandem head to tail repeats. Pol I transcribes one large transcription genetics transcript , encoding an rDNA gene over and over again. This gene encodes the 18S, the 5.8S, and the 28S RNA molecules of the ribosome in eukaryotes . The transcripts are cleaved by snoRNA . The 5S ribosomal RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III Pol III . Because of the simplicity of Pol I transcription, it is the fastest acting polymerase. Regulation of rRNA transcription The rate of cell growth is directly dependent on the rate of protein synthesis, which, itself ... of Transcription genetics transcription by any polymerase , there are three main stages Initiation the construction of the RNA polymerase complex on the gene s promoter biology promoter with the help ... elucidated. See also RNA polymerase RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III References Reflist Category EC 2.7.7 Category Gene expression Category Proteins Polymerases cs RNA polymer za I pt RNA polimerase I ... RNA sequence Termination the cessation of RNA transcription and the disassembly of the RNA polymerase complex. Initiation Initiation the construction of the polymerase complex on the promoter ...   more details



  1. (RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase

    enzyme Name RNA polymerase subunit kinase EC number 2.7.11.23 CAS number 122097 00 1 IUBMB EC number 2 7 11 23 GO code 0008353 image width caption In enzymology , a RNA polymerase subunit kinase EC number 2.7.11.23 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP DNA directed RNA polymerase math rightleftharpoons math ADP phospho DNA directed RNA polymerase Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and DNA directed RNA polymerase , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and phospho DNA directed RNA polymerase . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in protein s protein serine threonine kinase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP DNA directed RNA polymerase phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include CTD kinase , and STK9 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Lee JM, Greenleaf AL date 1989 title A protein kinase that phosphorylates the C terminal repeat domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. volume 86 pages 3624&ndash 8 pmid 2657724 doi 10.1073 pnas.86.10.3624 issue 10 pmc 287190 Category EC 2.7.11 Category Enzymes of unknown structure enzyme stub ...   more details



  1. RNA polymerase III

    RNA polymerase III also called Pol III Transcription genetics transcribes DNA to synthesize ribosomal 5S rRNA , tRNA and other small RNAs. The genes transcribed by RNA Pol III fall in the category of housekeeping ... and the cell cycle , thus requiring fewer regulatory proteins than RNA polymerase II . In the process of Transcription genetics transcription by any polymerase there are three main stages Initiation requiring construction of the RNA polymerase complex on the gene s promoter biology promoter . Elongation the writing of the RNA transcript. Termination the finishing of RNA writing and disassembly of the RNA polymerase complex. Initiation Initiation the construction of the polymerase complex on the promoter ... cite journal title Essential roles of Bdp1, a subunit of RNA polymerase III initiation factor .... Transcribed RNAs The types of RNAs transcribed from RNA polymerase III includes Transfer RNA ... The expanding RNA polymerase III transcriptome journal Trends Genet. volume 23 issue 12 pages 614 22 year 2007 month December pmid 17977614 doi 10.1016 j.tig.2007.09.001 ref 5S ribosomal RNA ref name Dieci U6 spliceosomal RNA ref name Dieci RNase P and RNase MRP RNA ref name Dieci 7SL RNA the RNA component of the signal recognition particle ref name Dieci Vault RNA s ref name Dieci Y RNA ref name Dieci SINE s short interspersed repetitive elements ref name Dieci 7SK RNA ref name Dieci Several microRNA s ref name Dieci Several small nucleolar RNA s ref name Dieci Several gene regulatory antisense ... TFIIIA T ranscription F actor for polymerase III A binds to the intragenic lying within the transcribed ... for polymerase III C binds to two intragenic lying within the transcribed DNA sequence control sequences .... TFIIIB T ranscription F actor for polymerase III B , consists of three subunits TATA Binding ... documented in vertebrates only SNAPc SN RNA A ctivating P rotein c omplex also termed PBP and PTF binds ... Brf2 also plays a role in promoter opening. Termination Polymerase III terminates transcription at small ...   more details



  1. File:RNA Polymerase Control by Chromatin Structure.png

    Copy to Wikimedia Commons Summary By Richard Wheeler User Zephyris Zephyris Example of RNA Polymerase Control by Chromatin Structure. Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense ...   more details



  1. RNA polymerase II subunit B4

    Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 5433 DNA directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2D gene . ref name pmid9528765 cite journal author Khazak V, Estojak J, Cho H, Majors J, Sonoda G, Testa JR, Golemis EA title Analysis of the interaction of the novel RNA polymerase II pol II subunit hsRPB4 with its partner hsRPB7 and with pol II journal Mol Cell Biol volume 18 issue 4 pages 1935 45 year 1998 month May pmid 9528765 pmc 121423 doi ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene encodes the fourth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. In yeast, this polymerase subunit is associated with the polymerase under suboptimal growth conditions and may have a stress protective role. A sequence for a ribosomal pseudogene is contained within the 3 untranslated region of the transcript from this gene. ref cite web title Entrez Gene POLR2D polymerase RNA II DNA ... F, Sigman D, Gaynor RB title Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans activating region RNA is regulated by cellular cofactors and Tat. journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... subunit of RNA polymerase II candidate for a Tat cofactor. journal J. Virol. volume 69 issue 3 pages ... the carboxyl terminal domain of RNA polymerase II for function. journal J. Virol. volume 70 issue 7 ... protein requires the C terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume ... author Chun RF, Jeang KT title Requirements for RNA polymerase II carboxyl terminal domain for activated ... cite journal author Parada CA, Roeder RG title Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered ... virus transactivator Tat interacts with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. journal Mol. Cell ... by HIV 1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein. journal Nature volume ...   more details



  1. Transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase I

    , activates RNA polymerase I transcription. journal EMBO J. volume 20 issue 6 pages 1353 62 year 2001 ...   more details



  1. RNA

    of RNA dependent RNA polymerase s that use RNA as their template for synthesis of a new strand of RNA ... title Structure of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus journal Structure year 1997 volume 5 issue 8 pages 1109 22 doi 10.1016 S0969 2126 97 00261 X pmid 9309225 ref Also, RNA dependent RNA polymerase is part of the RNA interference pathway in many organisms. ref cite journal author Ahlquist P title RNA Dependent RNA Polymerases, Viruses, and RNA Silencing journal Science year 2002 volume ... double helical form of double stranded DNA. RNA is made within living cells by RNA polymerase ... ref Synthesis Synthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme&mdash RNA polymerase &mdash using ... only of RNA, do not encode any protein and are replicated by a host plant cell s polymerase. ref cite ... IPA en ra b .nju kle . k s d , or RNA , is one of the three major macromolecule s along with DNA and protein s that are essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is made up of a long ... a nitrogenous base , a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The sequence of nucleotides allows RNA to encode genetic information. All cellular organisms use messenger RNA mRNA to carry the genetic information that directs the synthesis of proteins. In addition, some virus es use RNA instead of DNA as their genetic material perhaps a reflection of the suggested key role of RNA in the RNA world evolutionary history of life on Earth . ref Yarus, Michael 2011 . Getting Past the RNA World The Initial ... ref ref Cech TR. 2011 . The RNA Worlds in Context. Source Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard ... ref Like proteins, some RNA molecules play an active role in cells by catalyzing biological reactions ... molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosome s. This process uses transfer RNA tRNA molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA rRNA links amino acids together to form proteins. In 2011, it was demonstrated that the methylation of messenger RNA mRNA has a critical ...   more details



  1. RNA transfection

    and characterization of a double stranded RNA dependent protein synthesis inhibitor from reticulocyte ...Image Lin28RNAtransfection.jpg thumb 300px right Human fibroblasts transfected with RNA encoding the protein Lin28 green . RNA transfection is the process of deliberately introducing RNA into a living Cell biology cell . RNA can be purified from cells after lysis or synthesized from free nucleotide s either chemically, or enzymatically using an RNA polymerase to Transcription genetics transcribe a DNA template. As with DNA, RNA can be delivered to cells by a variety of means including microinjection , electroporation , and Liposome lipid mediated transfection . If the RNA encodes a protein , transfected cells may Translation genetics translate the RNA into the encoded protein. If the RNA is a regulatory RNA such as a MicroRNA miRNA , the RNA may cause other changes in the cell such as RNA interference RNAi mediated knockdown . Terminology RNA molecules shorter than about 25nt largely evade detection by the innate immune system , which is triggered by longer RNA molecules. Most cells of the body express proteins of the innate immune system, and upon exposure to exogenous long RNA molecules ... be repeatedly transfected with short RNA with few non specific effects, repeatedly transfecting cells with even a small amount of long RNA can cause cell death unless measures are taken to suppress or evade the innate immune system see Long RNA transfection below . Short RNA transfection Short RNA transfection ... using Small interfering RNA siRNA or to express or block the activity of a MicroRNA miRNA using short RNA that acts independently of the cell s RNA interference RNAi machinery, and therefore is not referred to as siRNA . While DNA based vectors virus es, plasmid s that encode a short RNA molecule can also be used, short RNA transfection does not risk modification of the cell s DNA, a characteristic that has led to the development of short RNA as a new class of Macromolecule macromolecular ...   more details



  1. RNA virus

    viruses Group V must have their genome copied by an RNA polymerase to form positive sense RNA. This means that the virus must bring along with it the RNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme. The positive ... strand RNA viruses is based on the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Three groups have been recognised ref name Koonin Koonin EV 1991 The phylogeny of RNA dependent RNA polymerases of positive strand ... Single stranded RNA viruses and RNA Sense RNA viruses can be further classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into Sense molecular biology negative sense and Sense molecular biology positive sense , or ambisense RNA viruses. Positive sense viral RNA is similar to mRNA and thus can be immediately translation genetics translated by the host cell. Negative sense viral RNA is complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive sense RNA by an RNA polymerase before ... proteins to form the various proteins needed for replication. One of these includes RNA dependent RNA polymerase , which copies the viral RNA to form a double stranded replicative form, in turn ...Technical date September 2011 An RNA virus is a virus that has RNA ribonucleic acid as its genetic material . ref http www.nlm.nih.gov cgi mesh 2008 MB cgi?mode &term RNA Viruses&field entry MeSH , retrieved on 12 April 2008. ref This nucleic acid is usually single stranded RNA ssRNA , but may be double stranded RNA dsRNA . ref name Pattonrnav The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ICTV classifies RNA viruses as those that belong to Group III , Group IV or Group V of the Virus classification ... viruses with DNA intermediates as RNA viruses. ref name titleListing in Taxonomic Order Index ... caused by RNA viruses include SARS , influenza , hepatitis C and polio . Viruses with RNA as their genetic ... term for RNA viruses that explicitly excludes retrovirus es is ribovirus . ref name pmid10570172 cite journal author Drake JW, Holland JJ title Mutation rates among RNA viruses journal Proc. Natl ...   more details



  1. RNA editing

    are transcribed by a virus encoded RNA dependent RNA polymerase , which is prone to pausing and stuttering ... and stuttering of the RNA polymerase allows the incorporation of one or two Gs or As upstream ...The term RNA editing describes those molecular processes in which the information content in an RNA molecule ... in tRNA , rRNA , mRNA and microRNA molecules of eukaryotes but not prokaryotes . RNA editing occurs ... to have evolved from prokaryotic like endosymbionts . Most of the RNA editing processes, however, appear to be evolutionarily recent acquisitions that arose independently. The diversity of RNA editing ... I deaminations, as well as non templated nucleotide additions and insertions. RNA editing in mRNAs ... 1999 title RNA editing journal FEMS Microbiol Rev volume 23 issue 3 pages 297 316 doi 10.1111 j.1574 ... by insertion or deletion RNA editing through the addition and deletion of uracil has been found ..., R. year 1994 title RNA editing in trypanosomes journal Eur. J. Biochem volume 221 pages 9 23 doi ... with a guide RNA gRNA , which contains complementary sequences to the regions around the insertion ..., R. year 1996 title Mechanism and evolution of RNA editing in kinetoplastida journal Biochim ... RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 25 pages 3751 3759 doi ... with the guide RNA, and insertion will continue as long as A or G is present in the guide RNA and will stop ..., L. year 1990 title A model for RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria Guide RNA molecules ..., M.L., Heidmann, S. and Stuart, K.D. year 1997 title RNA editing getting U into RNA journal Trends ... an endonucleolytic cut at the mismatch point between the guide RNA and the unedited transcript. The next ... year 1995 title Sense from nonsense RNA editing in mitochondria of kinetoplastid protozoa and slime ... has made mRNA complementary to gRNA, an RNA ligase rejoins the ends of the edited mRNA transcript. ref name Stuart 8 cite journal author Stuart, K. year 1991 title RNA editing in mitochondrial ...   more details



  1. RyeE RNA

    Infobox rfam Name CyaR Rye RNA image RF00112.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of CyaR RyeE Symbol CyaR RyeE AltSymbols RyeE Rfam RF00112 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Gene Bacterial small RNA sRNA Tax domain Bacteria GO SO SO 0000655 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The CyaR RNA formerly known as RyeE RNA non coding RNA was identified in a large scale screen of E. coli and was called candidate 14. ref cite journal last Wassarman first KM coauthors Repoila F, Rosenow C, Storz G, Gottesman S year 2001 title Identification of novel small RNAs using comparative genomics and microarrays journal Genes Dev volume 15 pages 1637&ndash 1651 pmid 11445539 doi 10.1101 gad.901001 issue 13 pmc 312727 ref The exact 5 and 3 ends of this RNA are uncertain. This gene lies between yegQ and orgK in E. coli . This small RNA was shown to be bound by the Hfq protein . This RNA has been renamed as CyaR for cyclic AMP activated RNA . It has recently been shown that CyaR RNA acts as a repressor of the porin OmpX. ref name pmid18399940 cite journal author Papenfort K, Pfeiffer V, Lucchini S, Sonawane A, Hinton JC, Vogel J title Systematic deletion of Salmonella small RNA genes identifies CyaR, a conserved CRP dependent riboregulator of OmpX synthesis journal Mol. Microbiol. volume 68 issue 4 pages 890 906 year 2008 month May pmid 18399940 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2958.2008.06189.x url ref It has also been shown that cyaR expression is tightly controlled by the cyclic AMP receptor protein, CRP . ref name pmid18399940 See also RydB RNA RyhB RNA RyeB RNA References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00112 name RyeE RNA Category Non coding RNA molecular cell biology stub ...   more details



  1. UPSK RNA

    end of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA in minus strand synthesis by the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase journal J Virol volume 71 pages 5990&ndash 5996 pmid 9223489 issue 8 pmc 191855 ref This element ...Infobox rfam Name UPSK RNA image RF00390.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of UPSK Symbol UPSK AltSymbols Rfam RF00390 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The Upstream pseudoknot UPSK domain is an cis regulatory element RNA element found in the turnip yellow mosaic virus , beet virus Q ref name pmid9714254 cite journal author Koenig R, Pleij CW, Beier C, Commandeur U title Genome properties of beet virus Q, a new furo like virus from sugarbeet, determined from unpurified virus journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 79 Pt 8 issue pages 2027 36 year 1998 month August pmid 9714254 doi url http vir.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9714254 ref , barley stripe mosaic virus ref name pmid8623558 cite journal author Solovyev AG, Savenkov EI, Agranovsky AA, Morozov SY title Comparisons of the genomic cis elements and coding regions in RNA beta components of the hordeiviruses barley stripe mosaic virus, lychnis ringspot virus, and poa semilatent virus journal Virology volume 219 issue 1 pages 9 18 year 1996 month May pmid 8623558 doi 10.1006 viro.1996.0217 url ref and tobacco mosaic virus ref name pmid8608444 cite journal author Felden B, Florentz C, Gieg R, Westhof E title A central pseudoknotted three way junction imposes tRNA like mimicry and the orientation of three 5 upstream pseudoknots in the 3 terminus of tobacco mosaic virus RNA journal RNA volume 2 issue 3 pages 201 12 year 1996 month ... of Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA is a 3 translational enhancer journal Virology volume 321 pages ... links Rfam id RF00390 name UPSK RNA molecular cell biology stub Category Cis regulatory RNA elements ...   more details



  1. RNA Helicase A

    PBB geneid 1660 ATP dependent RNA helicase A RHA also known as DHX9, LKP, NDHII, and Maleless is an enzyme ... motor neuron complex and RNA polymerase II journal J. Cell Biol. volume 152 issue 1 pages 75 85 ... T, Wolpin E S, Parvin J D year 1998 month Jul. title BRCA1 protein is linked to the RNA polymerase ..., Anderson SF, et al. title RNA helicase A mediates association of CBP with RNA polymerase II. journal ... polymerase II holoenzyme complex via RNA helicase A. journal Nat. Genet. volume 19 issue 3 pages 254 ... J, et al. title A functional interaction between the survival motor neuron complex and RNA polymerase ... S, Fujii R, Oishi T, et al. title Dual roles of RNA helicase A in CREB dependent transcription. journal ... J title Human RNA helicase A is homologous to the maleless protein of Drosophila journal J Biol ... II RNA helicase A journal J Biol Chem volume 272 issue 17 pages 11487 94 year 1997 month May pmid 9111062 ..., characterized by the conserved motif Asp Glu Ala Asp DEAD , are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation ... with RNA helicase activity. It may participate in melting of DNA RNA hybrids, such as those that occur ... of a double stranded RNA binding domain, a DEXH core domain and an RGG box. The RNA binding domains and RGG box influence and regulate RNA helicase activity. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ... coauthors Tang H, Xu W, Wong Staal F year 2000 month Jul. title Sam68, RNA helicase A and Tap cooperate ..., a protein that binds RNA helicase A and activates the constitutive transport element of type ... shuttle protein binds to RNA helicase A and activates the retroviral constitutive transport element ... coauthors Wong Staal F year 2000 month Oct. title Specific interaction between RNA helicase ... Staal Flossie, Okamoto Takashi year 2004 month Sep. title RNA helicase A interacts with nuclear factor ... Staal Flossie, David Michael year 2004 month May. title Arginine methylation of RNA helicase a determines ...   more details



  1. RNA journal

    RNA journal may refer to RNA journal , a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press scientific journal RNA Biology , a Landes Bioscience scientific journal disambig ...   more details



  1. GcvB RNA

    the alpha and sigma subunits of RNA polymerase to activate the Escherichia coli gcvB gene and the gcvTHP ...Infobox rfam Name GcvB RNA image RF00022.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of GcvB Symbol GcvB AltSymbols Rfam RF00022 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Gene Tax domain ... The gcvB RNA gene encodes a small non coding RNA involved in the regulation of a number ... partner of the mRNAs for each regulated gene. This binding is dependent on binding to a protein called Hfq Hfq protein . Transcription genetics Transcription of the GcvB RNA is activated by the adjacent ... Stauffer LT, Stauffer GV year 2000 title The gcvB gene encodes a small untranslated RNA involved ... A deletion of GcvB RNA from Y. pestis changed colony shape as well as reducing growth. ref name pmid16768793 ... gene encodes two small regulatory RNA molecules journal BMC Microbiol. volume 6 pages 52 year 2006 ... journal author Jin Y, Watt RM, Danchin A, Huang JD title Small noncoding RNA GcvB is a novel regulator ... title The gcvB gene encodes a small untranslated RNA involved in expression of the dipeptide and oligopeptide ... TH, Vogel J title A small RNA regulates multiple ABC transporter mRNAs by targeting C A rich elements ... author Pulvermacher SC, Stauffer LT, Stauffer GV title The small RNA GcvB regulates sstT mRNA expression ... 19118351 doi 10.1099 mic.0.023598 0 url ref GcvB RNA also is involved in regulating a variety of genes ... journal author Vogel J title A rough guide to the non coding RNA world of Salmonella journal Mol. Microbiol ... regulatory mechanism of noncoding RNA. journal Cell cycle. volume 8 issue 6 pages 952 4 year 2009 ... recently shown for the DsrA RNA . ref name pmid19535898 cite journal author Cayrol B title Auto assembly of E. coli DsrA small noncoding RNA Molecular characteristics and functional consequences journal RNA Biol volume 6 issue 4 pages 434 45 year 2009 pmid 19535898 doi 10.4161 rna.6.4.8949 url author ... is not known. Species distribution The GcvB RNA is found in a range of bacteria including ref name ...   more details



  1. SL2 RNA

    Infobox rfam Name SL2 RNA image RF00199.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of SL2 Symbol SL2 AltSymbols Rfam RF00199 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Gene Tax domain Eukaryota GO GO 0000365 SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData SL2 RNA is a non coding RNA involved in Trans splicing trans splicing in lower eukaryotes. Trans splicing is a form of RNA processing. The acquisition of a spliced leader from an SL RNA is an intra molecular reaction which precisely joins exon s derived from separately transcribed RNAs. ref cite journal last Dassanayake first RS coauthors Chandrasekharan NV, Karunanayake EH year 2001 title Trans spliced leader RNA, 5S rRNA genes and novel variant orphan spliced leader of the lymphatic filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti, and a sensitive polymerase chain reaction based detection assay journal Gene volume 269 pages 185&ndash 193 pmid 11376950 doi 10.1016 S0378 1119 01 00438 3 issue 1 2 ref Approximately 25 of Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans genes are organised into Messenger RNA Monocistronic versus polycistronic mRNA polycistronic transcription units and the presence of SL2 on an mRNA is an indication the gene is in an operon . ref cite journal last Evans first D coauthors Blumenthal T year 2000 title trans splicing of polycistronic Caenorhabditis elegans pre mRNAs analysis of the SL2 RNA journal Mol Cell Biol volume 20 pages 6659&ndash 6667 pmid 10958663 doi 10.1128 MCB.20.18.6659 6667.2000 issue 18 pmc 86170 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00199 name SL2 RNA Category Non coding RNA molecular cell biology stub ...   more details



  1. RNA (disambiguation)

    RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, a biological macromolecule. RNA may also refer to RNA journal RNA journal , a scientific journal Religion Newswriters Association Republic of New Afrika , a black nationalist community and political lobby group Rochester Numismatic Association Romantic Novelists Association The Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland , organiser of the Ekka Royal Navy Association , a form of auxiliary for the Royal Navy United Kingdom Royal Nepalese Army Royal Nepal Airlines Radio Nacional de Angola , Angola National Radio disambig Category Initialisms es RNA desambiguaci n eo RNA apartigilo fr RNA gl RNA it RNA disambigua nl RNA zh RNA ...   more details



  1. OxyS RNA

    Infobox rfam Name OxyS RNA image RF00035.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of OxyS Symbol OxyS AltSymbols Rfam RF00035 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Gene Bacterial small RNA sRNA Tax domain Bacteria GO SO SO 0000384 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData OxyS RNA is a small non coding RNA which is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli . This RNA acts as a global regulator to activate or repress the expression of as many as 40 genes, by an antisense mechanism, including the fhlA encoded transcriptional activator and the rpoS encoded sigma s subunit of RNA polymerase. ref cite journal last Altuvia first S coauthors Zhang A, Argaman L, Tiwari A, Storz G year 1998 title The Escherichia coli OxyS regulatory RNA represses fhlA translation by blocking ribosome binding journal EMBO J volume 17 pages 6069&ndash 6075 pmid 9774350 doi 10.1093 emboj 17.20.6069 issue 20 pmc 1170933 ref OxyS is bound by the Hfq protein , that increases the OxyS RNA interaction with its target messages. ref cite journal last Zhang first A coauthors Wassarman KM, Ortega J, Steven AC, Storz G year 2002 title The Sm like Hfq protein increases OxyS RNA interaction with target mRNAs journal Mol Cell volume 9 pages 11&ndash 22 pmid 11804582 doi 10.1016 S1097 2765 01 00437 3 issue 1 ref . The 109 nucleotide RNA is thought to be composed of three stem loop s. Target genes of OxyS A number of additional targets were recently predicted and verified using microarray analysis. ref name pmid16717284 cite journal author Tjaden B, Goodwin SS, Opdyke JA, et al. title Target prediction for small, noncoding RNAs in bacteria journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 34 issue 9 pages 2791 802 year 2006 pmid 16717284 doi ... links Rfam id RF00035 name OxyS RNA http trna.ibch.poznan.pl ncRNA scripts getdesc.cgi?id OxyS RNA OxyS entry in the ncRNA database Category Non coding RNA molecular cell biology stub ...   more details



  1. NrrF RNA

    Infobox rfam Name NrrF RNA image RF01416.png width 200 caption Predicted secondary structure of NrrF RNA Symbol NrrF AltSymbols Rfam RF01416 miRBase miRBase family RNA type gene , antisense RNA Tax domain Neisseria CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData NrrF is a non coding RNA which is regulated by the Ferric uptake regulator family Ferric uptake regulator Fur protein in bacteria. This non coding RNA was identified in Neisseria meningitidis and is involved in iron regulation of the succinate dehydrogenase genes sdhA and sdhC. ref name pmid17351036 cite journal author Mellin JR, Goswami S, Grogan S, Tjaden B, Genco CA title A novel fur and iron regulated small RNA, NrrF, is required for indirect fur mediated regulation of the sdhA and sdhC genes in Neisseria meningitidis journal J. Bacteriol. volume 189 issue 10 pages 3686 94 year 2007 month May pmid 17351036 pmc 1913314 doi 10.1128 JB.01890 06 url ref ref name pmid19060140 cite journal author Metruccio MM, Fantappi L, Serruto D, et al. title The Hfq dependent small noncoding RNA NrrF directly mediates Fur dependent positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase in Neisseria meningitidis journal J. Bacteriol. volume 191 issue 4 pages 1330 42 year 2009 month February pmid 19060140 doi 10.1128 JB.00849 08 url pmc 2631994 ref NrrF acts as an antisense RNA and is complementary to the junction between the second and third genes of the sdh operon sdhD and sdhA . Secondary structure predictions have indicated that this interaction occurs in a single stranded loop region of the NrrF RNA. Under low iron concentration NrrF is present at a high concentration and forms a duplex with the transcript in Hfq dependent manner. The RNA Chaperone protein chaperone Hfq acts to enhance binding ... mRNA transcript results in a Fur dependent positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase ... for NrrF RNA genetics stub Category Non coding RNA ...   more details




Articles 1 - 25 of 35757          Next


Search   in  
Search for RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Tutorials
Search for RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Encyclopedia
Search for RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Videos
Search for RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Books
Search for RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Software
Search for RNA dependent RNA polymerase in DVDs
Search for RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Store


Advertisement




RNA dependent RNA polymerase in Encyclopedia
RNA dependent RNA polymerase top RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Home - Add TutorGig to Your Site - Disclaimer

©2011-2013 TutorGig.com. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Statement