Pulverisedfuel ash shortened to PFA , is a by product of pulverisedfuel firing pulverisedfuel typically coal fired power station s. The fuel is pulverised into a fine powder, mixed with heated air and burned. Approximately 18 of the fuel forms fine glass spheres, the lighter of which c. 75 are borne aloft by the combustion process. They are extracted from the flue gasses by cyclones and electrostatic precipitation . The resultant material is used as engineering fill and as a component for concrete. It has been widely used, particularly in the UK, for concrete block production. The blocks are lightweight and have excellent thermal insulation properties. PFA can undergo a pozzolanic reaction and become brittle over time. PFA has a fine dust texture and is grey in colour. When newly produced the dust is strongly alkaline a pH as high as 11 is known, and 9 is normal. It Leaching chemical science leaches a solution dominated by sodium and sulfate , with enough boron 15mg l sup 1 sup to kill most plants, though coastal species often tolerate the salinity and boron to grow on young ash lagoons. In dry conditions these solutes rise to the surface to form a hard salt crust, impeding all plant growth, though hardy grass species such as Vulpia myuros can later colonise it. A waxy layer has been known to form in some locations which inhibits root penetration, however, mixing crushed rock into the top layer has been found to inhibit the formation of the waxy layer. As the ash weathers, its salinity, boron level and pH all fall the former two are largely removed from surface layers after 5 years outdoors, while pH declines towards 7 in a generally linear fashion at a rate of about 1 pH unit per 20 years. The floral succession approximates to that of a coastal dune system, without the wind blown deposition, so salt tolerant plants are replaced by an attractive sward of legume s and Perennial plant perennials before turning to birch willow scrub woodland. A notable feature are the Dactylorhiza ... more details
September 2007 Fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical .... Other processes used to convert fuel into energy include various other exothermic reaction exothermic ... of fuel used by humans, but many other substances, such as radioactive metals, are currently used ... defined as solid, liquid, or gas fuel consisting of, or derived from biomass . Biomass can also be used directly for heating or power known as biomass fuel . Biofuel can be produced from any carbon source ... are used for biofuel manufacture. Perhaps the earliest fuel employed by humans is wood. Evidence shows ... 2007 09 11 ref As a fuel, wood has remained in use up until the present day, although it has been ... fuels Main Fossil fuel Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon s, primarily coal and petroleum liquid ... ref Cite web author Dr. Irene Novaczek title Canada s Fossil Fuel Dependency url http www.elements.nb.ca ... of years. ref Cite web title Fossil fuel url http oaspub.epa.gov trs trs proc qry.navigate term ... retrieved archive archivedate 12 March 2007 ref Commonly, the term fossil fuel also includes hydrocarbon ... sands . These latter sources are properly known as mineral fuels . Nuclear Main Nuclear fuel Nuclear fuel is any material that is consumed to derive Nuclear power nuclear energy . Technically speaking ... that will produce energy without being placed under extreme duress. Fission Image Nuclear fuel pellets.jpeg thumb right Nuclear fuel pellets are used to create nuclear energy. The most common type of nuclear fuel used by humans is heavy fissile elements that can be made to undergo nuclear fission chain reaction s in a nuclear reactor nuclear fission reactor nuclear fuel can refer to the material or to physical objects for example fuel bundles composed of fuel rod s composed of the fuel material ... make up the nuclear fuel cycle , which is important for its relevance to nuclear power generation ... by the process of nuclear fusion are currently not utilized by man but are the main source of fuel ... more details
Fuel for the Fire may refer to Fuel for the Fire band Fuel for the Fire Naked Eyes album Fuel for the Fire Ari Koivunen album Fuel for the Fire EP , a 1997 EP by Impellitteri disambig fi Becoming ... more details
wiktionary fuelFuel is any material that can release energy, especially by burning. Fuel may also refer to Fuel TV , a television network dedicated to extreme sports Fuel TV Australia , a Australian television network dedicated to extreme sports Fuel film Fuel film , a 2008 documentary film In computing SGI Fuel , a model of workstation FUEL Firefox User Extension Library , JavaScript Language In video gaming Fuel 2006 video game , a canceled video game by Firetoad Software Fuel 2009 video game , a video game by Codemasters Mother 3 Other characters Fuel , a fictional character in Mother 3 In music Fuel band , a Pennsylvania band signed to Epic Records in the 1990s and 2000s Fuel hardcore band , Bay Area post hardcore trio Fuel EP , EP by FuelFuel song , by Metallica Fuel album , an album by Raised Fist Fuel 2000 , a record label disambig ar ca Fuel de Fuel es Fuel desambiguaci n fr Fuel it Fuel pt Fuel desambigua o ru Fuel tr Fuel anlam ayr m ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Image Fuel rail.JPG thumb right 300px Fuel rail, injectors and fuel pressure regulator from a Straight 4 four cylinder engine. A fuel rail is essentially a pipe usually resembling a rail used to deliver fuel to individual fuel injector s on internal combustion engines . It is designed to have a pocket or seat for each injector as well as an inlet for a fuel supply. Some fuel rails also incorporate an attached Regulator automatic control fuel pressure regulator . Fuel rails are used on engines with Fuel injection Multi point fuel injection multi point fuel injection systems, although some multi point systems use a fuel distributor with individual pipes or tubes to feed each injector. DEFAULTSORT Fuel Rail Category Fuel injection systems ... more details
mergefrom Fuel price risk management date March 2011 Fuel Hedging is a contractual tool some large fuel ... fuel costs. A fuel Hedge finance hedge contract allows a large fuel consuming company to establish a fixed or capped cost, via a commodity swap or option. Large fuel consuming companies enter into hedging contracts to mitigate their exposure to future fuel prices that may be higher than current prices and or to establish a known fuel cost for budgeting purposes. If a large fuel consuming company buys a fuel swap and the price of fuel declines, the company will effectively be forced to pay an above market rate for fuel. If a large fuel consuming company buys a fuel call option and the price of fuel increases, the company will receive a return on the option that offsets their actual cost of fuel. If a large fuel consuming company buys a fuel call option, which requires an upfront premium cost, much like insurance, and the price of fuel decreases, the company will not receive a return on the option but they will benefit from buying fuel at the then lower cost. Background The cost of fuel hedging depends on the predicted future price of fuel. Airlines may place hedges either based on future prices of jet fuel or on future prices of crude oil . ref Some Airlines Turning To Fuel Hedging ... fuel, the prices of crude oil and jet fuel are normally correlated. However, other factors, such as difficulties ... of crude oil and jet fuel. A company that does not hedge its fuel costs generally believes one, if not both, of the following 1. The company has the ability to pass on any and all increases in fuel ... that fuel prices are going to fall and is comfortable paying a higher price for fuel if, in fact, their analysis proves to be incorrect. ref HEDGING ALLOWS COMPANIES TO LOCK IN FUEL PRICES AND MARGINS ... a certain portion of their fuel requirements for a certain period. Often, contracts for portions of an airline s jet fuel needs will overlap, with different levels of hedging expiring over time. During ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Best Of Fuel Type greatest Artist Fuel band Fuel Cover The Best Of Fuel album cover.jpg Released December 13, 2005 Genre Hard rock , post grunge Length 41 42 Label Epic Records Epic Last album Natural Selection Fuel album Natural Selection br 2003 This album The Best Of Fuel br 2005 Next album Angels & Devils Fuel album Angels & Devils br 2007 The Best of Fuel is a compilation album by American hard rock band Fuel band Fuel . It contains songs from their first three full length albums, Sunburn Fuel album Sunburn , Something Like Human , and Natural Selection Fuel album Natural Selection . All of the said albums featured vocalist Brett Scallions who departed from the group only a few months after the compilation s release. The Best of Fuel consists solely of the band s released Fuel band Singles singles , with the exception of Million Miles from Natural Selection it features Quarter from the same album instead . Track listing All songs written by Carl Bell musician Carl Bell . Hemorrhage In My Hands Won t Back Down Fuel song Won t Back Down Bring You Hell Mix Shimmer song Shimmer Bad Day Fuel song Bad Day Last Time Falls on Me Jesus or a Gun Sunburn Bittersweet Fuel song Bittersweet Innocent Quarter Reception Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 3 5 ref name AM Allmusic class album id r809675 tab review label The Best of Fuel Review first Stephen Thomas last Erlewine accessdate June 14, 2011 ref noprose yes References references Fuel DEFAULTSORT Best Of Fuel, The Category Fuel albums Category 2005 greatest hits albums Category Epic Records compilation albums 2000s alt rock album stub nl The Best of Fuel ... more details
About an EP by Fuel band FuelFuel disambiguation Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Fuel Type ep Artist Fuel band Fuel Cover Fuel EP.jpg Released Start date 1994 03 17 Recorded Genre Post grunge , Progressive rock Length Label Self Released Producer Carl Bell musician Carl Bell Reviews Last album Small the Joy EP Small the Joy br 1994 This album Fuel br 1994 Next album Porcelain EP Porcelain br 1996 Fuel is Fuel band Fuel s self titled Extended play EP . Track listing Track order not known, anyone know it? All songs by Carl Bell musician Carl Bell except where noted. Gray Blind Forgiveness Counter What More Am I Stripped Away Happy Alive & Dying Brett Scallions Personnel Brett Scallions vocals, rhythm guitar Carl Bell lead guitar Jeff Abercrombie bass guitar Jody Abbot drums Fuel Category 1994 EPs Fuel Ep Category Fuel albums ... more details
Infobox Software name Fuel Manager logo screenshot caption collapsible author J n g st Thorsteinsson, Kristinn A. Aspelund developer Marorka released latest release version Fuel Manager 2.7 latest release date May 2009 latest preview version latest preview date frequently updated programming language C operating system Windows XP platform size language English status Released genre Fuel management systems Fuel management system license website http www.marorka.com Fuel Manager is a marine fuel management systems fuel management system used to monitor and report fuel usage, with the aim of reducing vessel operator s fuel cost and the harmful emissions. Fuel Manager is developed by Marorka in Iceland . Fuel Manager was released in 2007 . Fuel Manager monitors the Marine propulsion propulsion system on board different types of vessels. It puts operating and environmental parameters in an energy management context. Fuel Manager uses a sophisticated measurement approach to deliver reliable fuel performance information to vessel operators. Category Energy conservation Category Transport software ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Fuel pump should not be confused with fuel dispenser , a device that dispenses fuel into an automobile. Image High pressure fuel pump.JPG thumb A high pressure fuel pump on a Yanmar 2GM20 marine diesel engine . A fuel pump is a frequently but not always essential component ... engines in particular do not require any fuel pump at all, requiring only gravity to feed fuel from the fuel tank through a line or hose to the engine. But in non gravity feed designs, fuel has to be pumped from the fuel tank to the engine and delivered under low pressure to the carburetor or under high pressure to the fuel injection system. Often, carbureted engines use low pressure mechanical pumps that are mounted outside the fuel tank, whereas fuel injected engines often use electric fuel pumps that are mounted inside the fuel tank and some fuel injected engines have two fuel pumps one low ... . Mechanical pump Image fuelpump1.jpg thumb right Mechanical fuel pump, fitted to cylinder head Prior to the widespread adoption of fuel injection electronic fuel injection , most carbureted automobile engines used mechanical fuel pumps to transfer fuel from the fuel tank into the fuel bowls of the carburetor. Most mechanical fuel pumps are diaphragm pumps, which are a type of positive displacement .... A check valve is located at both the inlet and outlet ports of the pump chamber to force the fuel ..., causing pressure to decrease.This allows fuel to be pushed into the pump from the tank caused by atmospheric pressure acting on the fuel in the tank . The return motion of the diaphragm to top dead center is accomplished by a diaphragm spring, during which the fuel in the pump chamber is squeezed through the outlet port and into the carburetor. The pressure at which the fuel is expelled from ... typically contains a float bowl into which the expelled fuel is pumped. When the fuel level ... the fuel pump from pumping more fuel into the carburetor. At this point, any remaining fuel inside ... more details
Primary sources date July 2010 A motor fuel is a fuel that is used to provide motive power power to motor vehicle s. Currently, the majority of motor vehicles worldwide are powered by gasoline or diesel fuel diesel . Other energy sources include ethanol fuel ethanol , biodiesel , Propane Vehicle fuel propane , compressed natural gas CNG , battery electric vehicle electric batteries charged from an external source, and hydrogen vehicle hydrogen . See also Alternative fuel vehicle Biofuel Ethanol fuel Category Fuels auto stub petroleum stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 In motorcycles and cars, fuel reserve is the extra fuel reserved by the manufacturer in the fuel tank of a car or motorcycle before the main fuel capacity runs out. In motorcycle s, when the main fuel runs out, the rider has to manually turn the reserve knob , usually located in the left part of the engine , to the reserve position . This allows the rider to use the remaining fuel. The purpose of the fuel reserve is to serve as a warning to the rider that fuel is low, as many motorcycles do not have fuel gauges and determining the fuel remaining is difficult. When the main fuel is exhausted, the motor will stop running, prompting the rider to change the position knob to continue riding with a known small quantity of fuel. Often when a rider notices the motor start to sputter, he can access the reserve before the engine shuts down. In most cases, the main tank and the reserve tank are actually the same tank, but there are two outlets through which the fuel may leave. One outlet is located a short distance above the other. When the fuel selector is not set to the reserve position, the fuel will flow from the upper hole, and will stop flowing when the fuel level gets below the upper hole. When the selector is on reserve, the lower hole will be used, which allows all the fuel to be drawn from the tank. Because in most cases, the reserve setting simply allows access to all the fuel, rather than a dedicated tank, the reserve selection allows the rider to deplete the main fuel supply as well as the reserve. This causes no harm, except that they may run out of fuel without warning. Category Engine fuel system technology ... more details
Fuel economy may refer to Fuel economy in automobiles , refers to the fuel efficiency relationship between distance traveled by an automobile and the amount of fuel consumed Fuel efficiency in general disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2011 Smokeless fuel means fuel which does not produce visible smoke when burned. The term is usually applied to solid fuel s, such as Anthracite Coke fuel Coke Charcoal Hexamine fuel tablet s See also Clean Air Act 1993 Clean Air Act 1956 Category Fuels Tech stub ... more details
Substitutional fuels are the fuels which can replace, partially or completely, the conventional fuels. It includes biodiesel , biogas , alcohol , myco diesel , algal fuel , metal fuel . energy stub Category Fuels ... more details
Refimprove date May 2011 Image Fuel filter.jpg right thumb A fuel filter on a pickup truck, showing its mounting location on the firewall. Image Yanmar Fuel Filter.JPG thumb A fuel filter on a Yanmar 2GM20 marine diesel engine . A fuel filter is a filter chemistry filter in the fuel line that screens out dirt and rust particles from the fuel, normally made into cartridges containing a filter paper . They are found in most internal combustion engine s. Fuel filters serve a vital function in today s modern, tight tolerance engine fuel systems. Unfiltered fuel may contain several kinds of contamination, for example paint chips and dirt that has been knocked into the fuel tank tank while filling, or rust caused by moisture in a steel tank. If these substances are not removed before the fuel enters the system, they will cause rapid wear and failure of the fuel pump and injectors, due to the abrasion mechanical abrasive action of the particles on the high precision components used in modern fuel injection injection systems . Fuel filters also improve engine performance performance , as the fewer contaminants present in the fuel, the more efficiently it can be combustion burnt . Fuel filters ... from the fuel line and replacing it with a new one, although some specially designed filters can ... and cause a restriction in the fuel flow, causing an appreciable drop in engine performance as the engine struggles to draw enough fuel to continue running normally. Some filters, especially ... in the bottom of the bowl and letting it run out, until the bowl contains only Diesel fuel diesel . Many fuel filters contain a water sensor to signal to the engine control unit or directly to the driver ... to be drawn into a diesel engine fuel system, as the system relies on the diesel for lubrication of the moving ... of the diesel fuel filter there might be a fuel heater to avoid the forming of paraffin paraffin wax in case of low temperatures inside the filtrating element which can stop the fuel flow to the engine ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Auto fuel gauge.jpg thumb right A fuel gauge Image 2003 Honda Civic fuel gauge empty.JPG thumb The empty fuel indicator displaying on the fuel gauge for a 2003 Honda Civic Seventh generation .282001 2005.29 Honda Civic . A fuel gauge or gas gauge is an Measuring instrument instrument used to indicate the level of fuel contained in a fuel tank tank . ref cite book last Erjavec first Jack title Automotive Technology year 2005 isbn 1 4018 4831 1 ref Commonly used ... the resistor, increasing its resistance. ref http auto.howstuffworks.com fuel gauge2.htm ref In addition, when the resistance is at a certain point, it will also turn on a low fuel light on some ... to run out of fuel with no prior notification . However this system has a potential risk associated ..., so that the value of resistance depends on the fuel level. In most of automotive fuel gauges such resistors are on the inward side of gauge i.e. inside fuel tank. Sending current through such a resistor ... safer and cheaper method to be invented. Systems that measure large fuel tanks including underground ... aircraft use a different fuel gauge design principle. An aircraft may use a number around 30 on an A320 of low voltage tubular capacitor probes where the fuel becomes the dielectric . At different fuel levels, different values of capacitance are measured and therefore the level of fuel can be determined ... for fuel tank shape and aircraft pitch and roll attitudes. In more modern aircraft, the probes tend to be linear capacitance proportional to fuel height and the fuel computer works out how much fuel ... may be identified and eliminated from the fuel calculations. In total this system can be more than 99 accurate. Since most commercial aircraft only take on board fuel necessary for the intended flight with appropriate safety margins , the system allows the fuel load to be preselected, causing the fuel ... Float switch Sight glass CarDesign nav DEFAULTSORT Fuel Gauge Category Fuel containers Category Vehicle ... more details
Racing fuel can refer to many different common fuels used in motorsports Leaded gasoline , formerly used by the NASCAR series and other motorsports Criticism of NASCAR Use of lead additives in gasoline Use of leaded gasoline in NASCAR Nitromethane and methanol fuel , used by Top Fuel drag racing Methanol fuel , formerly used in some open wheel race cars, like IndyCar Series prior to 2007 and in Top Alcohol drag racing Ethanol fuel , now being used in the IndyCar Series Nitrous , used by drag racing vehicles to increase horsepower disambig ... more details
Image Fuel line A340 to APU.JPG thumb right Fuel line feeding the auxiliary power unit of an Airbus A340 . A fuel line is a hose tubing hose used to bring fuel from one point in a vehicle to another or from a storage tank to a vehicle. It is commonly made of reinforced rubber to prevent splitting and kinking. The United States United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency defines a fuel line as all hoses or tubing designed to contain liquid fuel or fuel vapor. This includes all hoses or tubing for the filler neck, for connections between dual fuel tanks, and for connecting a carbon canister to the fuel tank . This does not include hoses or tubing for routing crankcase vapors to the engine s intake or any other hoses or tubing that are open to the atmosphere. ref http a257.g.akamaitech.net 7 257 2422 22jul20061500 edocket.access.gpo.gov cfr 2006 julqtr 40cfr1051.801.htm Definitions and Other Reference Information , Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Volume 31, Revised as of July 1, 2006, From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access, CITE 40CFR1051.801, p. 667. akamaitech.net ref References Reflist automotive part stub Category Vehicle parts Category Hoses ... more details
Solid fuel refers to various types of solid material that are used as fuel to produce energy and provide heating , usually released through combustion . Solid fuels include wood see wood fuel , charcoal , peat , coal , Hexamine fuel tablet s, and pellets made from wood see wood pellets , Maize corn , wheat , rye and other cereal grains . Solid fuel rocket technology also uses solid fuel see Rocket fuel Solid propellants solid propellants . Solid fuels have been used by humanity for many years to making fire create fire . Coal was the fuel source which enabled the industrial revolution , from firing furnace s, to running steam engine s. Wood was also extensively used to run steam locomotive s. Both peat and coal are still used in electricity generation today. The use of some solid fuels eg. coal is restricted or prohibited in some urban area s, due to unsafe levels of toxic emissions. The use of other solid fuels such as wood is increasing as heating technology and the availability of good quality fuel improves. In some areas, anthracite smokeless coal is often the only solid fuel used. In Ireland, peat briquette s are used as smokeless fuel. They are also used to start a coal fire. See also Bagasse Biofuel Biomass Fossil fuel Synthetic fuels External links http www.coals2u.co.uk about solid fuel Solid Fuel Guide & Advice chem stub Category Solid fuels ar fa hy ja pl Paliwo sta e pt Combust vel s lido ru tr Kat yak t uk ... more details
otheruses2 Tank A fuel tank is safe container for flammable fluids. Though any storage tank for fuel may be so called, the term is typically applied to part of an engine system in which the fuel is stored and propelled fuel pump or released pressurized gas into an engine . Fuel tanks range in size and complexity ... Cryogenics cryogenic Space Shuttle external tank . File B 25 bomb bay gas tanks.jpg thumb The fuel ... for hydrogen left and for gasoline right fuel tanks Uses Typically, a fuel tank must allow or provide the following Storage of fuel the system must contain a given quantity of fuel and must avoid leakage and limit evaporative emissions Filling the fuel tank must be filled in a secure way, without sparks Provide a method for determining level of fuel in tank, fuel gauge Gauging the remaining quantity of fuel in the tank must be measured or evaluated Venting if over pressure is not allowed, the fuel vapors must be managed through valves Feeding of the engine through a pump Anticipate potentials for damage and provide safe survival potential. Plastic high density polyethylene HDPE as a fuel ... the inertia and kinetic energy of fuel in a plastic tank being transported by a vehicle, environmental stress cracking is a definite potential. The flammability of fuel makes stress cracking a possible ... design consideration. Fuel tank construction File Apollo Lunar Module Fuel Tank.jpg thumb Fuel tank for the Apollo Lunar Module , 1960s While most tanks are manufactured, some fuel tanks are still ..., motorcycles, and even tractors. Construction of fuel tanks follows a series of specific steps. The craftsman ... for the tank. Many fuel tanks baffles particularly in aircraft and racecars contain lightening holes .... Toward the ends of construction openings are added for the filler neck, fuel pickup, drain, and fuel level sending unit. Sometimes these holes are created on the flat shell, other times ... be flanged and then welded. Once the soldering, brazing or welding is complete, the fuel tank is leak ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2009 Oxy fuel refers to technology that combustion burns oxygen with gaseous fuel . As compared to air , which contains 20.95 oxygen, higher temperatures can be reached using pure oxygen. Approximately the same total energy is produced when burning a fuel with oxygen as compared to with air the difference is the lack of temperature diluting inert gases. The most common fuel burned in a torch with oxygen is acetylene even though it presents special handling problems, it has the greatest heat output. The process has also been proposed as a method of capturing carbon dioxide from coal fired electric power plants because the output flue gases from combustion in oxygen as opposed to air have a higher carbon dioxide content fraction. See Oxy fuel combustion process . See also Oxy fuel combustion process Oxy fuel welding and cutting High velocity oxy fuel coating Oxyhydrogen Category Fuels tech stub fr Oxycombustion nl Oxyfuel ja ... more details
orphan date August 2008 Image Gayfuelnutrional.jpg thumb 185px Nutrition Facts for Gay Fuel. Gay Fuel was an energy drink marketed by Florida based Specialty Spirits, LLC towards the gay community , using the slogan GET FIRED UP. Some refer to it as a graphite smoothie . ref Cite web url http www.2spare.com item 44213.aspx title Top 5 Most Bizarre Products ever accessdate 15 January 2009 work publisher date ref ref Cite web url http www.spiritus temporis.com gay fuel title Gay Fuel Everything on Gay Fuel information, latest news, articles,... accessdate 15 January 2009 work publisher date ref Gay Fuel was similar to Red Bull , except the liquid was dyed bright pink and elderberry flavored. Its makers claimed Gay Fuel contains a blend of sexual stimulant herbs and immune system boosters. The can was silver with several rainbow stripes. As of 2008 , the official website has gone offline. References Reflist http www.gaysports.com page.cfm?Sectionid 54&typeofsite snippetdetail&ID 417&snippetset yes Gay Fuel Launches New Brand of Energy Drink http www.metrotimes.com editorial story.asp?id 7699 Gay Bull and Monster Pimps http www.worldnetdaily.com news article.asp?ARTICLE ID 39283 Homosexuals fired up over Gay Fuel External links http www.museumofhoaxes.com hoax weblog permalink gay fuel Gay Fuel Hoax investigation http web.archive.org web 20050924030733 http gayfuel.com Gay Fuel website Waybacked Category Energy drinks Category Internet memes Category LGBT and the economy nonalcoholic drink stub LGBT stub ... more details
Chafing fuel is a generic term for various products that are used for heating food. These products often contain methanol , ethanol , or diethylene glycol , as these may be burned safely indoors. These fuels are also used for emergency heating, outdoor cooking, and fondue . Types of fuel Image Methanolgelfuel.JPG thumb right The first two fuels are similar with regards to consistency, both having a gel form viscosities can vary with brand , operating procedures, and product design. Ethanol is a more energetic fuel giving 1300kJ mol heat of combustion compared to methanol s 726kJ mol. The common gel methanol or ethanol chafing fuel is contained in a steel can with a resealable plug lid in sizes based on burn times. Two, four, and six hour burn times are the most common sizes of methanol and ethanol chafing fuels available. The colour of the fuel being used can also vary among manufacturers. Image DEGfuel.JPG thumb left Diethylene glycol chafing fuel differs because the fuel itself is unflammable. The container housing the fuel is equipped with a wick to allow the chemical to be combusted. It is considered safer than methanol or ethanol gel fuels because spilled DEG fuel will not combust. The fuel is in a liquid form and thus the canister in which it is contained usually differs by having a more leak resistant screw cap rather than a plug. DEG has a higher heat of combustion then ethanol or methanol gel at 2155 kJ mol. ref http www.meglobal.biz media FastFacts DEG.pdf ref As a camping fuel There are many advantages and disadvantages to using chafing fuels for camping purposes. The lightweight size and the burn time per gram of fuel weight received from this method is very high. Chafing fuels are also clean burning, quiet, safer, and readily available than most other portable heat sources. However their main disadvantage is their lower heat output when compared to popular alternatives such as white gas and kerosene . This results in longer cooking times. cn date October ... more details
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