cotton fiber and 75 virgin fiber. Types of pulping processes Mechanical pulping Cleaned and peeled ... purpose of this process is for production of newsprint. Chemical pulping Also Kraft process Sulfite ..., and is generally more preferred for this reason over sulfite pulp. Organosolv pulping See organosolv Organosolv pulping uses organic solvents at temperatures above 140C to break down lignin and hemicellulose into soluble fragments. The pulping liquor is easily recovered by distillation. Semi chemical pulping Also known as CTMP , semi chemical pulping combines chemical and mechanical pulping to produce ... with chemical pulp to impart stiffness and good formation. Thermo mechanical pulping A form of mechanical pulping that involves the hot pressurized refining of wood chips. By using wood chips and a refiner ... is strong enough for newsprint without combination of chemical pulps. Book pulping Main Stripped book A more specialized use of the term pulping is to refer to the system of destroying unsold books .... The books are then burned or recycled into paper or cardboard products. This system of pulping paperback ... that still fail to sell may then be pulped. The practice of pulping, as opposed to remaindering ... more details
Soda pulping is a chemical process for making wood pulp with sodium hydroxide as cooking chemical. In the Soda AQ process, anthraquinone AQ may be used as a pulping additive to decrease the carbohydrate degradation. The soda process gives pulp with lower tear strength than other chemical pulping processes sulfite process and kraft process , but has still limited use for easy pulped materials like straw s and some hardwood s. ref cite web url http www.hurterconsult.com HTMLobj 908 cottonsodaAQ 1.pdf title Soda AQ pulping of Cotton Stalks accessdate 2009 01 20 last Ali first Mona coauthors Byrd, Medwick Jameel, Hasan date 2001 work publisher ref History Soda pulping was one of the first chemical pulping methods and was invented in 1851 by Burgess USA and Watts England . The first mill was started in 1860 in the USA. In 1865 they patented a method for recovery of the cooking liquors by incineration of the spent liquor. Many of the early soda mills converted to kraft process kraft mills once it was discovered. ref cite book last1 Biermann first1 Christpher J. authorlink1 last2 first2 editor1 first editor1 last editor1 link others title Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking url format accessdate edition 2nd series volume date year 1996 month origyear publisher location language isbn 0 12 097362 6 oclc doi id page pages 86 chapter 3 chapterurl quote ref bibcode laysummary laydate separator postscript lastauthoramp ref Production Around 5 10 of paper production worldwide is produced from fiber crops agricultural crops , valuing agricultural paper production at between 5 billion and 10 billion. The most notable of these agricultural crops are wheat straw and bagasse . Using agriculatural crops rather than wood has the added advantage of reducing deforestation. Due to the ease with which ... pulping as solution for silicate scaling Many grass es, bagasse , bamboo and some tropical hardwood ... first editor1 last editor1 link others title Chemical Pulping url format accessdate edition series ... more details
unreferenced date March 2009 Chemical pulp manufacturing is a process where the Cellulose cellulosic material primarily from Woodchips wood chips or bagasse s, agricultural waste, etc. is cooked in a high pressure steam cooker in association with Sodium hydroxide caustic soda NaOH in order to produce Pulp paper pulp . The steam pressure is in the range of 7 to 10 ata. The process helps in dissolving the lignin content in the wood by the caustic soda. The resultant product is a cooked pulp, which is the outcome of defragmentation of the wood chips into finer fibres. The resultant material in the cooker contains black liquor watery content which has lignin dissolved in caustic soda and pulp. The process normally takes anywhere between 3 to 12 hours per batch for complete cooking, depending upon the design of the equipment. The whole cooked mass is sent for pulp washing, where the black liquor is separated from the mixture and sent for recovery in a soda recovery system. The remaining material is Pulp paper pulp , which goes on for production of paper . See also Pulping Category Chemical processes Pulping ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 H factor is a Kinetic theory kinetic model for the rate of delignification in Kraft process kraft pulping . It is a single variable model combining temperature T and time t and assuming that the deligification is one single Chemical reaction reaction . ref cite book last1 Gullichsen first1 Johan last2 Fogelholm first2 Carl Johan year 2000 title Chemical Pulping series Papermaking Science and Technology volume 6A pages 291 292 publisher Fapet Oy location Finland isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref math H int 0 t exp left 43.2 16115 T right ,dT , math References reflist Category Papermaking ... more details
, and the mass production of paper based media. Methods Mechanical Pulping In the process of mechanical pulping, grinding and refining are the two main methods used to create the pulp. Grinding refers to the method of pressing logs and chips against a turning stone to produce fibers. Refiner pulping ... between two disks, one or both of which are rotating. There are four main types of Refiner pulping , which include Refiner Mechanical Pulping, Thermo mechanical Pulping, Chemi mechanical Pulping, and Chemi thermomechanical pulping. ref cite web url http www.cfr.washington.edu classes.pse.476 Powerpoint Powerpoint Renata pse 20476 2 20mechanical 20pulping.ppt title Pulping and Bleaching author ... pulping, when compared to chemical pulping, is relatively inexpensive and has a high pulp yield .... author date work publisher Siemens AG accessdate November 23 2010 ref Chemical Pulping The process of chemical pulping is used to chemically disband the lignin found in the cell walls of the material ... which can then be treated to create durable paper, boxes, and corrugated cardboard. Chemical pulping can be characterized by two main methods sulfate Kraft pulping and sulfite pulping, and these two methods have different benefits. Sulfate pulping can be performed on a wide range of tree varieties and results in the creation of a strong type of paper. Conversely, sulfite pulping results in a higher volume of pulp which is easier to bleach and process. However, sulfate pulping is more widely ... first undergoes mechanical or chemical pulping to render it in pulp form. The resulting pulp ... more details
Organosolv is a pulping technique that uses an organic solvent to solubilise lignin and hemicellulose. It has been considered in the context of both pulp and paper manufacture and biorefining for subsequent conversion of cellulose to fuel ethanol. The process was invented by Theodore Kleinert ref US ... r&cad 0 v onepage&q&f false ref as an environmentally benign alternative to kraft pulping . Organosolv has several advantages when compared to other popular methods such as kraft pulping kraft or Sulfite pulping process sulfite pulping . In particular, the ability to obtain relatively high quality ... associated with kraft pulping . Solvents Organosolv pulping involves contacting a lignocellulosic feedstock .... br Organosolv for pulp production Numerous authors report that pulping with ethanol water solutions ..., Rodriguez, F, Oliet, M, Preliminary study on products distribution in alcohol pulping of Eucalyptus ..., LJ, Dominguez, JCG, Ot, IP, Influence of cooking variables in the organosolv pulping of wheat straw ... Technology, 2003 . 88 1 p. 61 68. ref ref Kleinert, TN, Organosolvent pulping with aqueous alcohol ... pulping. TAPPI, 1991 . 74 3 p. 113 118. ref . The commonly used solvents acetone and ethanol have been examined with respect to pulp properties. The pulping of wheat straw with 40 mixtures of acetone ..., LJ, Dominguez, JCG, Ot, IP, Influence of cooking variables in the organosolv pulping of wheat straw ... The recoverey of lignin from ethylene glycol organosolv pulping can be effected by 3 times dilution ..., G, Characterization of lignins from organosolv pulping according to the organocell process. 1 ..., 1988 . 8 3 p. 323 340. ref . The Alcohol Pulping and Recovery APR process treats wood in 3 stages ..., solvent composition and pH. Pilot plant operation has shown that ethanol pulping produces ..., Solvent pulping process, 1978 , C P Associates Ltd US patent 4.100.016. ref . A demonstration organosolv ..., EK, Lora, JH, The Alcell process. A proven alternative to kraft pulping. TAPPI, 1991 . 74 3 p. 113 ... more details
Dr. Arne Asplund 1903 1993 invented the Defibrator pulping refiner and the defibrator method also called Asplund method for pulping wooden chips in 1930s. His invention resulted in the company Sunds Defibrator in Sundsvall . ref http sn.svensktnaringsliv.se sn publi.nsf Publikationerview 0EB1614A9B48728CC1256BA30043C214 File PUB200204 008 1.pdf Anders Johnson De lyfte landet en ber ttelse om svenska entrepren rer , p. 25 sv icon ref Asplund was rewarded the Gold medal Guldmedaljen of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences IVA in 1947 for the invention and his further development of the defibrator method for pulping wood and other fibre rich materials. He was later rewarded the Great gold medal Stora guldmedaljen from IVA in 1969 for his efforts on defibration technology. ref http www.iva.se upload Verksamhet Utm C3 A4rkelser iva 20medaljbok 201919 2001.pdf Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences Utm rkelser och minnestecken 1919 2001 Awards 1919 2001 sv icon ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Asplund, Arne ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Asplund, Arne Category 1903 births Category 1993 deaths Category Swedish engineers Category Swedish inventors Sweden bio stub Engineer stub sv Arne Asplund ... more details
chembox ImageFile Sodium 2 anthraquinonesulfonate.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName Sodium 9,10 dioxo 9,10 dihydroanthracene 2 sulfonate OtherNames Sodium 2 anthrachinonesulphonate 2 Anthraquinone sodium sulfonate Silver salt Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 131 08 8 PubChem 8551 SMILES O C1C2 C C CC S O O O C2 C C3 CC CC C31 O. Na Section2 Chembox Properties C 14 H 7 Na 1 O 5 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Distinguish soluble anthraquinone Sodium 2 anthraquinonesulfonate AMS is a water soluble anthraquinone derivative. Digester additive in papermaking AMS is used as a catalyst in production of alkaline pulping in the soda process . It goes through a redox cycle similar to that of anthraquinone to give a catalytic effect. AMS was discovered as an efficient pulping catalyst before anthraquinone, ref cite web url http smartech.gatech.edu bitstream 1853 673 1 3370 001 071978.pdf title Anthraquinone alkali pulping. A literature review first last author authorlink coauthors date month 7 year 1978 work publisher location page pages at language trans title format doi archiveurl archivedate accessdate quote ref separator postscript ref but has a higher cost. References reflist Category Synthetic anthraquinones Category Sulfonates Category Sodium compounds ... more details
White liquor is a strongly alkaline solution used in the first stage of the Kraft process in which lignin and hemicellulose are separated from the cellulose fiber in Kraft process for the production of Pulp paper pulp ref name pulping cite book last Gullichsen first Johan authorlink coauthors Carl Johan Fogelholm title Papermaking science and Technology 6A. Chemical Pulping publisher Tappi Press year 2000 location Finland pages 41 42 url doi id isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref . It is called white liquor due to the white opaque colour. Composition The white liquor is consisting of mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in water and are the active components in Kraft pulping ref name pulping ref . The white liquor also contains minor amounts of sodium carbonate , sodium sulfate , sodium thiosulfate , sodium chloride , calcium carbonate and other accumulated salts and non process elements. These additional components are considered inert in the Kraft process, except sodium carbonate that contribute in a lesser extent. The chemical composition and properties of the white liquor are calculated as total alkali , active alkali , effective alkali , sulfidity , causticity and reduction . class wikitable Total alkali All Na sup sup compounds Active alkali AA NaOH Na sub 2 sub S g NaOH equivalents, or on dry wood Effective alkali EA NaOH Na sub 2 sub S g NaOH equivalents, or on dry wood Sulfidity Na sub 2 sub S AA Causticity NaOH NaOH Na sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub Reduction Na sub 2 sub S Na sub 2 sub S Na sub 2 sub SO sub 4 sub Application Main Kraft process The Kraft cooking liquor is a mixture of white liquor, water from the wood chips , condensed steam and black liquor . See also Pulp & Paper chemicals References reflist Category Papermaking pt Licor branco ... more details
used in the pulping process are either sulfite s SO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup , or bisulfite s HSO ... of Pulping and Papermaking year 1993 publisher Academic Press, Inc. location San Diego isbn 0 12 097360 X ref Calcium became the standard counter ion until the 1950s. Sulfite pulping was the dominant ... yield yield of pulp based on wood used is higher than for kraft pulping and sulfite pulp is easier ... of wood to make pulp for paper began with the development of mechanical pulp mechanical pulping in Germany ... magnesium as the counter ion and was based on work by Carl Daniel Ekman . By 1900 sulfite pulping had become the dominant means of producing wood pulp, surpassing mechanical pulping methods. The competing chemical pulping process, the sulfate or kraft process was developed by Carl F. Dahl in 1879 and the first ... first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking year 1993 publisher ... kraft mills to recycle almost all of their pulping chemicals. This, along with the ability of the kraft ... process the dominant pulping process starting in the 1940s. ref name bier Sulfite pulps now ... ref Processes involved in sulfite pulpingPulping liquor preparation The pulping liquor for most sulfite ... 2 MSO sub 3 sub CO sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O Pulping Sulfite pulping is carried out between pH 1.5 and 5 ... is in contact with the pulping chemicals for 4 to 14 hours and at temperatures ranging from 130 to 160 ... involved in delignification in sulfite pulping are Resonance chemistry Examples resonance stabilized ... byproduct s. Chemical recovery The spent cooking liquor from sulfite pulping is usually called ... chemicals for reuse in the pulping process or it can be neutralized to recover the useful byproducts of pulping. Recent developments in Chemrec Chemrec s black liquor gasification process, adapting the technology to use in the sulfite pulping process, could make second generation biofuels Black liquor .... ref http chemrec.se Chemrec web site ref Ammonia based processes do not allow recovery of the pulping ... more details
polymers . The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fibre source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibres. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading ... weakens the fibres . The various mechanical pulping methods, such as groundwood GW and refiner mechanical RMP pulping, physically tear the cellulose fibres one from another. Much of the lignin ... of related hybrid pulping methods that use a combination of chemical and thermal treatment to begin an abbreviated chemical pulping process, followed immediately by a mechanical treatment to separate the fibres. These hybrid methods include thermomechanical pulping TMP and chemithermomechanical pulping CTMP . The chemical and thermal treatments reduce the amount of energy subsequently required ... Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking year 1993 publisher Academic Press, Inc. location San Diego isbn 0 12 097360 X ref . The chemistry of the various pulping processes can be found in Sj str m s book ... Sulfite process Soda pulping Chemical pulping processes such as the Kraft process kraft or sulfate ..., but the sulfite process makes pulp that is easier to bleach. The chemical pulping processes use a combination ... bonds of the lignin. The material fed into the digester must be small enough to allow the pulping liquor ... where it is mixed an aqueous solution of the pulping chemicals, then heated with steam. In the kraft process the pulping chemicals are sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide and the solution is known as white liquor. In the sulfite process the pulping chemical is a mixture of metal sodium ..., shorter time, less extreme pH than in a chemical pulping process, since the goal is to make ... recovery process to regenerate the inorganic pulping chemicals. Environmental issues The United ... more details
Mergefrom Pulping date February 2011 Image Paperfibersar.jpg thumb 250px Fibres in wood pulp Pulp is a dry ... commodity. The use of wood to make pulp for paper began with the development of mechanical pulping in Germany ... Daniel Ekman . By 1900, sulfite pulping had become the dominant means of producing wood pulp, surpassing mechanical pulping methods. The competing chemical pulping process, the sulfate or kraft process ... bier cite book last Biermann first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking ... allowed kraft mills to recycle almost all of their pulping chemicals. This, along with the ability of the kraft ... made the kraft process the dominant pulping process starting in the 1940s. ref name bier Global production ... carbohydrate polymers . The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fibre source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibres. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading ... the cellulose weakens the fibres . The various mechanical pulping methods, such as groundwood GW and refiner mechanical RMP pulping, physically tear the cellulose fibres one from another. Much of the lignin ... of related hybrid pulping methods that use a combination of chemical and thermal treatment to begin an abbreviated chemical pulping process, followed immediately by a mechanical treatment to separate the fibres. These hybrid methods include thermomechanical pulping, also known as TMP, and chemithermomechanical pulping, also known as CTMP. The chemical and thermal treatments reduce the amount ... tonne 1 ton of printing and writing paper, using the kraft process chemical pulping . Mechanical pulping is about twice as efficient in using trees since almost all of the wood is used to make ... DOA.state.wi.us ref Preparation for pulping Main Woodchipping Woodchipping is the act and industry of chipping ... and used as fuel to provide steam for use in the pulp mill. Most pulping processes require that the wood be chipped and screened to provide uniform sized chips. Pulping There are a number ... more details
unreferenced date June 2008 A stripped book is a mass market paperback that has been stripped of its cover in order to be Pulping pulped and recycled as a result of lack of sales. The covers are returned to the publisher as evidence that the books have been destroyed and the books are discarded or recycled into paper or cardboard products. Deleted image removed Image Stripped Book.JPG thumb A photograph of the copyright page in a book. Note the Stripped book notice on the bottom of the page However, many stripped books end up back on the marketplace, and are sold at places like flea markets . As a result, beginning in the 1980s, most publishers of mass market paperbacks insert a warning on the copyright page , often containing the note If you purchased this book without a cover you should be aware that this book is stolen property. It was reported as unsold and destroyed to the publisher and neither the author nor the publisher has received any payment for this stripped book. Hardcovers are usually disposed of as remaindered book s rather than stripped books. A few hardcover titles, such as Angus Oblong s Creepy Susie and 13 Other Tragic Tales for Troubled Children Creepy Susie , carry the above warning, though hardcover books are generally returned whole, not just the cover itself. See also Pulping publish stub Category Books by type ... more details
Knots are unwanted, lage, dark aggregates of wood fibre s when making chemical pulp ref cite book last Gullichsen first Johan authorlink coauthors Fogelholm, Carl Johan title Papermaking science and Technology 6A. Chemical Pulping publisher Tappi Press. date 2000 location Finland pages 119 url doi id isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref . Knots are incompletely cooked wood chips coming out of the digester. Their origin is often dense parts of branches, such as compression wood or timber Knot wood Knots knots &ndash hence the name. Knots can also stem from large oversized wood chips due to insufficient impregnation with cooking liquors. The content of lignin is very high. In Kraft process kraft pulping knots are typically 0.5&ndash 3.0 of the digester throughput. The knots are Kraft process Screening screened from the pulp, because if left in the pulp they may damage washing equipment and consume large amounts of bleaching chemicals. They are normally sent back to the digester and re cooked so that their fibres are not wasted. See also Shives papermaking Shives Kraft process References reflist Category Papermaking ... more details
wiktionarypar pulp wiktionarypar beat to pulp TOCright Pulp may refer to Media and entertainment Pulp band Pulp film Pulp 1972 film Pulp 2011 film Pulp 2011 film Pulp magazine Pulp magazine , a monthly manga anthology Pulp novel Pulp novel , by Charles Bukowski Pulp magazine or pulp fiction , inexpensive fiction magazines or paperbacks pulp fiction Medical Pulp spleen Pulp tooth Papermaking Pulp paper , the fibrous material used to make paper The act of pulping , a process in papermaking Other uses Pulp juice , a brand of juice Molded pulp , a packaging material The juice vesicles of a citrus fruit Pretoria University Law Press disambig ca Pulp da Pulp flertydig de Pulp es Pulp fr Pulp gl Pulp ko io Pulpo it Pulp nl Pulp ru simple Pulp sr uk ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Steam exploded fiber is a pulping and extraction technique that has been applied to wood and other fibrous organic material. The resulting fibers can be combined with organic polymers to produce fiber composite material s. Alternatively, the fibers, along with other extracted substances, can be processed chemically or digested to produce ethanol and other useful substances. External links http aiche.confex.com aiche 2005 techprogram P29158.HTM Processing corn cobs to ethanol and other chemicals http www.ct.ornl.gov symposium index files 6Aabstracts 6A 19.htm Cotton Gin Waste for Ethanol Production http www.geocities.co.jp Technopolis 3755 abstracts.htm Holts1 Binderless boards from steam exploded oil palm pulp Category Industrial processes Category Pulp and paper industry ... more details
The Kappa number is an indication of the residual lignin content or Bleaching of wood pulp bleachability of wood pulp by a standarised analysis method. Measuring method The Kappa number is determided by ISO 302 2004. ref cite web url http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 36604 publisher International Organization for Standardization title ISO 302 2004 Pulps &mdash Determination of Kappa number ref ISO 302 is applicable to all kinds of chemical pulp chemical and semi chemical pulps and gives a Kappa number in the range of 1 100. The Kappa number is a measurement of how much a standard potassium permanganate solution that is consumed by the pulp. The measurement is inflated by the presence of hexenuronic acid s in the pulp. These compounds are formed during the chemical pulping process, from the hemicellulose s. The Kappa number can be monitored by online Kappa analysers in a pulp mill , but these have to be calibrated with the ISO 302 2004 method. Application The Kappa number estimates the amount of chemicals required during bleaching of pulp paper wood pulp to obtain a pulp with a given degree of whiteness. Since the amount of bleach needed is related to the lignin content of the pulp, the Kappa number can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the lignin extraction phase of the pulping process. It is approximately proportional to the residual lignin content of the pulp. K c l K Kappa number c constant 6,57 dependent on process and wood l lignin content in percent The Kappa number for Bleaching of wood pulp bleachable pulps are in the range of 25 30, sack paper pulps in the range 45 55 and pulps for corrugated fiberboard are in the range 60 90. References reflist External links http www.skalar.com page news news skalar introduces the automatic lignin kappa number analyzer Kappa number lignin analyzer DEFAULTSORT Kappa Number Category Papermaking pt N mero Kappa fi Kappaluku sv Kappatal yo ISO 302 ... more details
name bier cite book last Biermann first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Essentials of Pulping ... and reuse of the inorganic pulping chemicals such that a kraft mill is a nearly closed cycle ... the materials are fed at a rate which allows the pulping reaction to be complete by the time ... and burned in the recovery boiler to recover the inorganic chemicals for reuse in the pulping process ... hydroxide in solution, to regenerate the white liquor used in the pulping process through an equilibrium ... url http www2.biotech.wisc.edu jeffries bioprocessing pulping.html title Kraft pulping Energy consumption ... this consists mainly of raw turpentine . Screening Screening of the pulp after pulping is a process ... approximately 5 residual lignin , produced by the pulping is first washed to remove some of the dissolved ... Anthraquinone Pulping. A TAPPI Press Anthology of Published Papers, 1977 1996 year 1997 publisher ... of the process. Comparison with other pulping processes Pulp produced by the kraft process is stronger than that made by other wood pulp Manufacture of wood pulp pulping processes and maintaining ... pulping removes most of the lignin present originally in the wood whereas mechanical pulping processes ... use a wider range of fiber sources than most other pulping processes. All types of wood, including ... process. Byproducts and emissions The main byproducts of kraft pulping are crude sulfate turpentine ... as employing less damaging agents in the pulping and bleaching processes. The process effluents are treated ... that the effluents are not toxic in the recipient. See also Sulfite process Soda pulping Organosolv ... science and Technology 6. Chemical Pulping publisher Tappi Press. year 2000 location Finland pages ... pulping http eippcb.jrc.es pages FActivities.htm Reference Document on Best Available Techniques ... more details
in pulping without water, mechanical demucilaging and mixing of the by products fruit outer skin ... the fruits whose skin was not separated in the pulping machine. Scientists at Cenicaf discovered ... for the skin and seeds to be separated in conventional pulping machines without water, that the liquid was only required as a conveying means and that pulping with water absence avoids 72 of the potential ... arabica ref http www.herbs2000.com herbs herbs coffee.htm ref After de pulping, the beans are collected ... the least. Sources indicate a wide range in water use. Recycling of water in the de pulping process ... matter , stemming from de pulping and mucilage removal. ref Von Enden and Calvert 2002 ref The majority ... pulping and fermentation washing. De pulping The water used for de pulping of the cherries is referred to as pulping water. It accounts for just over half of the water used in the process. According to Von Enden and Calvert, pulping water consists of quickly fermenting sugars from both pulp and mucilage ... in pulping water are acids and toxic chemicals like polyphenolics tannins and caffeine . Pulping water can be reused during the de pulping of the harvest of one day. This results in an increase in organic ... ref The drop in pH can be attributed to the start of fermentation of the pulping water. This drop continues ... of the pulping water at the maximum COD load, which was considered to reflect maximum pollution, was determined ..., G.R. and Devi, V. 2002. Overcoming Pollution of Lakes and Water Bodies Due to Coffee Pulping Activities ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 Manila hemp , also known as manilla , is a type of fibre obtained from the leaves of the abac Musa textilis , a relative of the banana . It is mostly used for pulping for a range of uses, including speciality papers. It was once used mainly to make manila rope , but this is now of minor importance. Manila folder manila envelopes and manila paper take their name from this fibre. File COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Het verpakken van manilla hennep musa textilis in balen op onderneming Kali Telepak Besoeki Oost Java TMnr 10011535.jpg left thumb The packaging of manila hemp Musa textilis into bales at Kali Telepak, Besoeki, East Java. It is not actually hemp , but named so because hemp was long a major source of fibre, and other fibres were sometimes named after it. The name refers to the Manila capital of the Philippines , one of the main producers of abac . External links http www.philippineherbalmedicine.org abaca.htm Abaca Fiber Manila Hemp fibers Category Musaceae Category Fiber plants ar cs Abaka manilsk konop da Manilahamp et Manilla fr Chanvre de Manille it Canapa di Manila pl Abaka ru sv Manilla textil tl Abaka uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In agriculture, a pulper is a machine designed to remove pulp i.e. the soft flesh from agriculture agricultural produce. For example, in coffee growing the ripe, red Cherry cherries are picked from the coffee bushes and prior to fermentation food fermentation and later drying the soft pulp needs to be removed otherwise a potentially uncontrollable fermentation rot will occur . In the case of coffee the pulping is normally done in a pulper that is either hand cranked or engine driven the beans are emptied into an elevated Chute gravity hopper and then dropped through a narrow slot within which they come into contact with a rotating spiked drum that removes the pulp or flesh. Again in the case of coffee, the sticky beans that result from this process then have to be washed, fermented, washed again and dried prior to further processing milling to remove the parchment and then roasting. In the wood processing industry connected to paper making, a pulper is a machine that mechanically and chemically processes the fibers of wood chips, or artificial non woven fibers, to reduce them to pulp. Post consumer waste is re pulped, in one of the processes involved in recycling it. Category Agricultural machinery Agri stub de Pulper nl Pulper pl Pulper ... more details
A shive is a small bundle of incompletely cooked wood fibres in the chemical pulp used in papermaking . ref cite book last Gullichsen first Johan authorlink coauthors Fogelholm, Carl Johan title Papermaking science and Technology 6A. Chemical Pulping publisher Tappi Press. date 2000 location Finland pages 119 url doi id isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref They are smaller than Knot papermaking knots and are more difficult to separate from the pulp. Typically the content of shives in kraft pulp is 0.1 to 1.0 . Much shives are a sign of poor impregnation of the wood chips . Shives are separated from the pulp in the Kraft process Screening screening and can be added back after refining. Even though shives are darker than rest of the pulp, they may pass unnoticed to the paper machine because they are easily bleached. Shives in the paper machine can cause web breakage or other operational problems. They might also end as spots in the finished paper . See also Knot papermaking Kraft process References reflist Category Papermaking ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Molten salt oxidation is a non flame, thermal process that destroys all organic materials while simultaneously retaining inorganic and hazardous components in the melt. It is used as either hazardous waste treatment with air or energy harvesting similar to coal and wood gasification with steam . The molten salt of choice has been sodium carbonate m.p 851 C , but other salts can be used. Sulfur, halogens, phosphorus and similar volatile pollutants are oxidized and retained in the melt. Most organic carbon content leaves as relatively pure CO CO2 H sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O gas depending on the feed conditions, whether steam or air is used , and the effluent only requires a cold trap and a mild aqueous wash except mercury containing wastes . It has been used for safe biological and chemical weapons destruction, and processing waste such as scrap tires where direct incineration effluent treatment is difficult. The major downside of the process compared to direct incineration is the eventual saturation of the melt by contaminants, and needing reprocessing replacement. See also Recovery boiler a technology with similar issues used in Kraft process chemical pulping of paper, though temperatures 500 C Category Waste management Category Waste treatment technology chem stub ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 Infobox Company name Tembec Inc. logo Image Tembec Logo.svg 200px type Public company Public genre foundation founder location city flagicon Canada Montreal , Quebec location country Canada location locations area served key people James Lopez industry Paper & Paper Products products services revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees 9,583 ref name zenobank cite web url http www.zenobank.com index.php?symbol CA TMB&page quotesearch title Company Profile for Tembec Inc CA TMB accessdate 2008 10 16 ref parent divisions subsid homepage http www.tembec.com www.tembec.com footnotes intl File Kapuskasing mill.JPG thumb right 240px Tembec mill in Kapuskasing . Tembec Inc. TSX TMB , a paper company in Canada , was created in 1973 in the town of T miscaming, Quebec T miscaming , in Quebec near the border of Ontario . The town s economic lifeblood, a pulp mill owned by a large multinational corporation, was shut down in 1972. The mill s former employees and Temiscaming residents gained national attention in their fight to save their jobs, and their efforts created a unique and unprecedented relationship among entrepreneurs, unionized employees, the community and several levels of government. The mill was purchased and Tembec came into being. Today Tembec has approximately 10,000 employees located in Canada, United States , France and Chile . Tembec s operating divisions include Forest Products, Pulp, Paper & Paperboard, and Chemicals. The Forest Products Group comprises 31 manufacturing operations producing softwood lumber, engineered wood products, and specialty wood products. The Pulp, Paper & Paperboard Group consists of 9 pulp manufacturing plants, 5 paper manufacturing plants and 1 paperboard plant. The Chemicals group produces resins , ethanol and lignin from the pulping discharge in five of its pulping plants. Tembec has parterned with Aditya Birla Group to operate the paper mill in Nackawic, New Brunswick AV Na ... more details
Kraft , the alkaline sulfite process sulfite or the soda pulping Soda AQ processes. The anthraquinone ... mechanism for anthraquinone mass transfer in alkaline pulping year 2008 page 30 publisher Georgia ... first2 Y. author2 link title Low Kappa pulping without capital investment journal Antraquinone Pulping ... pulping processes. ref cite web url http smartech.gatech.edu bitstream 1853 673 1 3370 001 071978.pdf title Anthraquinone alkali pulping. A literature review first last author authorlink coauthors ... more details
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