chembox verifiedrevid 395165419 Name Psoralen IUPACName 7H furo 3,2 g chromen 7 one OtherNames 7H furo ... ImageName Chemical structure of psoralen Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite ... 186.16 g mol MeltingPt 158 161 C Density Psoralen also called psoralene is the parent compound in a family ... of a fused furan ring, and may be considered as a derivative of umbelliferone . Psoralen ... and Zanthoxylum West Indian satinwood . It is widely used in PUVA Psoralen UVA treatment for psoriasis ... to fish, and some are indeed used in streams in Indonesia to catch fish. Uses An important use of psoralen ... . This takes advantage of the high Ultraviolet UV absorbance of psoralen. The psoralen is applied first to sensitise the skin, then UVA light is applied to clean up the skin problem. Psoralen has ... with the extracted leukocytes before UV radiation is applied. Psoralen is a mutagen and is used for this purpose in molecular biology research. Psoralen intercalates into the DNA and, on exposure ... at 5 TpA sites in the genome, inducing apoptosis . Psoralen plus UVA PUVA therapy has shown ... of psoralen, ref name Ashwood1980 cite journal author M. J. Ashwood Smith G. A. Poulton M. Barker M ... J. P. title Should subjects who used psoralen suntan activators be screened for melanoma? url http ..., but users should keep in mind that psoralen increases your skin s sensitivity to light. Some patients have even had severe skin loss after sunbathing with psoralen containing tanning activators. ref ... The synthetic amino psoralen, amotosalen HCl, has been developed for the inactivation of infectious ... with amotosalen and UVA photochemical treatment Transfusion 2010 50 1210 ref Chemistry Image Psoralen ... One isomer of psoralen is angelicin , and most furocoumarins can be regarded as derivatives of psoralen or angelicin. Some important psoralen derivatives are Imperatorin , xanthotoxin , bergapten and nodekenetin ... oxygen. Structure The structure of psoralen was originally deduced using its degradation reactions ... more details
enzyme Name Psoralen synthase EC number 1.14.13.102 CAS number IUBMB EC number 1 14 13 102 GO code image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , a psoralen synthase EC number 1.14.13.102 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction marmesin NADPH H sup sup O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math psoralen NADP sup sup acetone 2 H sub 2 sub O The 4 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are marmesin , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , hydrogen ion H sup sup , and oxygen O sub 2 sub , whereas its 4 product chemistry products are psoralen , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , acetone , and water H sub 2 sub O . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is . This enzyme is also called CYP71AJ1 . References reflist 1 cite journal author F, Matern U date 2007 title Molecular cloning and functional characterization of psoralen synthase, the first committed monooxygenase of furanocoumarin biosynthesis journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 282 pages 542&ndash 54 pmid 17068340 doi 10.1074 jbc.M604762200 last2 Kellner first2 S last3 Specker first3 S last4 Hehn first4 A last5 Gontier first5 E last6 Hans first6 J last7 Bourgaud first7 F last8 Matern first8 U issue 1 1.14.13 enzyme stub Category EC 1.14.13 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ja ... more details
List of drugs Top 1 9 8 8 Hour Bayer Extended release Bayer 8 Hour , a form of aspirin 8 methoxy psoralen , also known as methoxsalen International Nonproprietary Name INN 8 Mop or 8 methoxy psoralen, also known as methoxsalen INN ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 11 sub H sub 6 sub O sub 3 sub The molecular formula C sub 11 sub H sub 6 sub O sub 3 sub may refer to Angelicin Psoralen MolFormDisambig 186.16 g mol fr C11H6O3 ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 PUVA is a psoralen Ultraviolet UVA treatment for eczema , psoriasis , graft versus host disease and vitiligo , and mycosis fungoides . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 686 The psoralen is applied or taken orally to sensitize the skin, then the skin is exposed to UVA. Long term use has been associated with higher rates of skin cancer. http www.medicinenet.com script main art.asp?articlekey 548 Psoralens are photosensitizing agents found in plants. They have been known since ancient Egypt but have only been available in a chemically synthesized form since the 1970s. Psoralens are taken systemically or can be applied directly to the skin. The psoralens allow a relatively lower dose of UVA to be used. When they are combined with exposure to UVA in PUVA, they are highly effective at clearing psoriasis . Like UVB light treatments, the reason remains unclear, though investigators speculate there may be similar effects on cell turnover and the skin s immune response. Choosing the proper dose for PUVA is similar to the procedure followed with UVB. The physician can choose a dose based on the patient s skin type. Often, however, a small area of the patient s skin will be exposed to UVA after ingestion of psoralen. The dose of UVA that produces uniform redness 72 hours later, called the minimum phototoxic dose MPD , becomes the starting dose for treatment. Some patients experience nausea and itching after ingesting the psoralen compound. For these patients PUVA bath therapy may be a good option. See also PUVA lentigines References reflist Dermatology stub Category Light therapy de PUVA fr PUVA th rapie it Puva ja PUVA pt PUVA tr PUVA ... more details
A PUVA keratosis is a precancerous keratotic skin lesion that arises from exposure to psoralen plus ultraviolet light ultraviolet A light therapy. ref name Fitz2 Freedberg, et. al. 2003 . Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine . 6th ed. . McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ref rp 730 See also PUVA induced acrobullous dermatosis List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Category Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, cysts Epidermal growth stub ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 12 sub H sub 8 sub O sub 4 sub The molecular formula C sub 12 sub H sub 8 sub O sub 4 sub molar mass 216.19 g mol may refer to Bergapten , a psoralen found in bergamot essential oil Methoxsalen , a drug used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo category molecular formulas ... more details
orphan date August 2010 Hirsuties is the growth in a woman of coarse terminal hair in a male distribution. Causes Hereditary causes and a wide variety of growth patterns across and within ethnic groups can lead to this condition presenting. It can also be caused by a number of endocrine imbalances, including Cushings syndrome and polycystic ovaries. Iatrogenic causes include anabolic steroid s, androgen s, corticosteroid s, danazol , phenytoin and psoralen . See also Hypertrichosis References ABC of Dermatology, 5th edition, Buxton, BMJ 2003, page 55. Category Endocrine diseases ... more details
After the evidence for the photocarcinogenic potential of psoralen emerged, sunscreens which combined UVB filters and psoralen were introduced onto the market. These products were accompanied by campaigns ... Psoralen tanning lotions were available in France , Belgium and Greece . Mechanism of tanning ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2009 Selective Ultraviolet Phototherapy is a form of treatment for certain skin disorders including atopic atopic skin disorder and vitiligo when used with psoralen to form the PUVA treatment It consists mostly of the UVA band of ultraviolet light fairly closely matching the ultraviolet output from the sun and is usually delivered from a fluorescent bulb specially designed to output this frequency of ultraviolet. This treatment is similar to the light from good quality solariums but differs from the mainly UVB ultraviolet band used to treat psoriasis . treatment stub Category Dermatologic procedures and surgery ... more details
taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Fabales familia Fabaceae genus Psoralea species P. corylifolia binomial Psoralea corylifolia binomial authority Carl Linnaeus L. Psoralea corylifolia Babchi is an important plant in the Culture of India Indian Ayurveda and Tamil Siddha systems of history of medicine medicine , and also Chinese medicine. The seeds of this plant contain a variety of coumarin s including psoralen . The seeds have a variety of medicinal uses, but the specific role if any of psoralen in these uses is unknown. Psoralen itself has a number of commercial uses. An extract of the plant s fruit Fructus psorale has been shown to act as a norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor . ref name pmid17555897 cite journal author Zhao G, Li S, Qin GW, Fei J, Guo LH title Inhibitive effects of Fructus Psoraleae extract on dopamine transporter and noradrenaline transporter. journal J Ethnopharmacol year 2007 volume 112 issue 3 pages 498 506 pmid 17555897 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 17555897 doi 10.1016 j.jep.2007.04.013 ref div Bakuchiol isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant, Psoralea corylifolia Fabaceae , has shown activity against numerous Grampositive and Gram negative oral pathogens. It was able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans under a range of sucrose concentrations, pH values and in the presence of organic acids in a temperature dependent manner and also inhibited the growth of cells adhered to a glass surface. ref B.Parimala Devi et al. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2 11 ,1669 1675 http jpronline.info article view 906 708 ref It may be of assistance in treating prostate cancer. ref Szliszka E, Czuba ZP, S dek L, Paradysz A, Kr l W., Enhanced TRAIL mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by the bioactive compounds neobavaisoflavone and psoralidin isolated from Psoralea corylifolia. Pharmacol Rep. 2011 Jan Feb 63 1 139 48 ref References Reflist 2 Category Fab ... more details
Image Psoralen.png thumb right Psoralen Image Angelicin.png thumb right Angelicin Furanocoumarins , or furocoumarins , are a class of organic compound organic chemical compounds produced by a variety of plants. They are biosynthesized partly through the phenylpropanoid pathway and the mevalonate pathway , which is biosynthesized by a coupling of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate DMAPP and umbelliferone 7 hydroxycoumarin umbelliferone . The chemical structure of furanocoumarins consists of a furan ring fused with coumarin . The furan may be fused in different ways producing several isomer s. The compounds that form the core structure of the two most common isomers are psoralen and angelicin . Derivatives of these two core structures are referred to respectively as linear and angular furanocoumarins. ref GoldBookRef title furanocoumarins file F02558 GoldBookRef title furocoumarins file F02562 ref Many furanocoumarins are toxic and are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against various types of predators ranging from insect s to mammal s. ref http www.life.uiuc.edu berenbaum newpage1.htm Professor May Berenbaum s research page University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign ref This class of phytochemical is responsible for the phytophotodermatitis seen in exposure to the juices of the wild parsnip and the Giant Hogweed . Furanocoumarins have other biological effects as well. For example, in humans, bergamottin and dihydroxybergamottin are responsible for the List of drugs affected by grapefruit grapefruit juice effect , in which these furanocoumarins affect the metabolism of certain drugs. ref cite journal author Kakar SM, Paine MF, Stewart PW, Watkins PB title 6 ,7 Dihydroxybergamottin contributes to the grapefruit juice effect journal Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics pmid 15179411 year 2004 volume 75 issue 6 pages 569 579 doi 10.1016 j.clpt.2004.02.007 ref References references coumarin Category Furanocoumarins cs Furanokumarin de Furocumarine fr Furocoumarine it Furanocumarina ... more details
. ref Mathews & Vanholde, Biochemistry, 2nd Edition. Benjamin Cummings Publication ref Psoralen ..., 4 pyrone or 4 , 5 furan edge of psoralen to 5, 6 double bond of thymine . Psoralens can form two types ... with the one below it. Psoralen adducts cause replication arrest and is used in the treatment of psoriasis ... for psoralen and crosslinked DNA Psoralen Ultraviolet A Light Treatment http www.um jmh.org body.cfm ... more details
by the enzyme marmesin synthase to yield marmesin. Another hydroxylation is catalyzed by psoralen synthase to yield psoralen . A third hydroxylation by the enzyme psoralen 8 monooxygenase yields ... more details
ATC codes lead D 05 Antipsoriatics In ATCvet, this subgroup is named QD05 Drugs for keratoseborrheic disorders . anchor D05A D05A Antipsoriatics for topical use In ATCvet, this subgroup is named QD05A Drugs for keratoseborrheic disorders, topical use . anchor D05AA D05AA Tar s anchor D05AC D05AC Antracen derivatives D05AC01 Dithranol D05AC51 Dithranol, combinations anchor D05AD D05AD Psoralen s for topical use D05AD01 Trioxysalen D05AD02 Methoxsalen anchor D05AX D05AX Other antipsoriatics for topical use In ATCvet, this subgroup is named QD05AX Other drugs for keratoseborrheic disorders for topical use . D05AX01 Fumaric acid D05AX02 Calcipotriol D05AX03 Calcitriol D05AX04 Tacalcitol D05AX05 Tazarotene D05AX52 Calcipotriol, combinations anchor D05B D05B Antipsoriatics for systemic use In ATCvet, this subgroup is named QD05B Drugs for keratoseborrheic disorders, systemic use . anchor D05BA D05BA Psoralens for systemic use D05BA01 Trioxysalen D05BA02 Methoxsalen D05BA03 Bergapten anchor D05BB D05BB Retinoid s for treatment of psoriasis D05BB01 Etretinate D05BB02 Acitretin anchor D05BX D05BX Other antipsoriatics for systemic use In ATCvet, this subgroup is named QD05BX Other drugs for keratoseborrheic disorders for systemic use . D05BX51 Fumaric acid derivatives, combinations References Reflist Antipsoriatics Category ATC codes D05 Category Antipsoriatics ca Codi ATC D05 cs ATC k d D05 es Anexo C digo ATC D05 hu ATC D05 Pszori zis elleni szerek pl ATC D05 ro Cod ATC D05 sv ATC kod D05 Medel vid psoriasis th ATC D05 ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 411552140 ImageFile Trioxsalen.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2,5,9 trimethyl 7 H furo 3,2 g chromen 7 one OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 5383 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D01034 InChI 1 C14H12O3 c1 7 4 12 15 17 14 9 3 13 10 6 11 7 14 5 8 2 16 13 h4 6H,1 3H3 InChIKey FMHHVULEAZTJMA UHFFFAOYAF StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C14H12O3 c1 7 4 12 15 17 14 9 3 13 10 6 11 7 14 5 8 2 16 13 h4 6H,1 3H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey FMHHVULEAZTJMA UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 3902 71 4 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 1475 PubChem 5585 SMILES O C 3Oc2c c1oc cc1cc2 C C 3 C C C Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 14 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 3 sub MolarMass 228.24328 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Trioxsalen trimethylpsoralen , trioxysalen or trisoralen is a furanocoumarin and a psoralen derivative. It is obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia . Like other psoralens it causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered either topical ly or mouth oral ly in conjunction with UV A the least damaging form of ultraviolet light for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo ref cite web url http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 5585 title PubChem CID 5585 ref and hand eczema . ref PMID 15611423 ref After photoactivation it creates Crosslinking of DNA interstrand cross link s in DNA, which can cause programmed cell death unless repaired by cellular mechanisms. In research it can be conjugated to dyes for confocal microscopy and used to visualize sites of DNA damage. ref PMID 17373769 ref The compound is also being explored for development of antisense oligonucleotide s that can be cross linked specifically to a mutant mRNA sequence without affecting normal transcripts differing at even a single base pair. ref PMID 17150768 ... more details
drugbox image Nafoxidine.png ATC prefix none IUPAC name 1 2 4 6 methoxy 2 phenyl 3,4 dihydronaphthalen 1 yl phenoxy ethyl pyrrolidine C 28 H 31 N 1 O 2 molecular weight 425.562 g mol CAS number 1845 11 0 PubChem 4416 ChEMBL 28211 ChemSpiderID 4263 smiles COC1 CC2 C C C1 C C CC2 C3 CC CC C3 C4 CC C C C4 OCCN5CCCC5 Nafoxidine U 11,000A is a non steroid al anti estrogen ic drug that has been investigated to treat advanced breast cancer. ref cite doi 10.1002 mpo.2950040207 ref It is structurally related to tamoxifen . The drug is one of a series of similar structures invented by Dan Lednicer at Upjohn . An earlier compound known as http www.sciencebase.com serendipity and science.html U 11,555 is related to Nafoxidine was found to cause photosensitivity in human volunteers as for example does psoralen . File U 11,555 image.png thumb left See D. Lednicer, J.C. Babcock, P.E. Marlatt, S.C. Lyster, G.W. Duncan, J.Med.Chem., 8, 52 1965 . for details. ref http dx.doi.org 10.1021 2Fjm00325a013 ref Synthesis The synthesis depicted is more modern, but also see Lasofoxifene for an earlier synthesis. File Nafoxidine synthesis.png 500px Cameron, C. O. Dasilva Jardine, P. A. Rosati, R. L. 1996, US Patent 5,552,412 . References Reflist Category Antineoplastic drugs Category Pyrrolidines Category Phenol ethers Category Dilines Chemotherapeutic agents Sex hormones antineoplastic drug stub ... more details
chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 413887766 Name Benzofuran IUPACName 1 Benzofuran OtherNames Coumarone, benzo b furan ImageFile Benzofuran chemical structure.png ImageSize 355px ImageName Chemical structure of benzofuran Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8868 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 363614 PubChem 9223 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C14512 InChI 1 C8H6O c1 2 4 8 7 3 1 5 6 9 8 h1 6H InChIKey IANQTJSKSUMEQM UHFFFAOYAU StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C8H6O c1 2 4 8 7 3 1 5 6 9 8 h1 6H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey IANQTJSKSUMEQM UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 271 89 6 SMILES o2c1ccccc1cc2 Section2 Chembox Properties C 8 H 6 O 1 MeltingPtC 18 BoilingPtC 173 Benzofuran is the heterocyclic compound consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. This colourless solid is a component of coal tar . Benzofuran is the parent of many related compounds with more complex structures. For example, psoralen is a benzofuran derivative that occurs in several plants. Production Benzofuran is extracted from coal tar. It is also obtained by dehydrogenation of 2 ethyl phenol . ref name Ullmann Gerd Collin, Hartmut H ke Benzofurans in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2007, Wiley VCH, Weinheim. DOI 10.1002 14356007.l03 l01 ref Laboratory methods Benzofuran can be prepared by O alkylation of salicylaldehyde with chloroacetic acid followed by Dehydration reaction dehydration of the resulting ether . ref Albert W. Burgstahler and Leonard R. Worden Coumarone Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 5, p.251 1973 . http www.orgsyn.org orgsyn pdfs CV5P0251.pdf ref In another method called the Perkin rearrangement ref W. H. Perkin , J. Chem. Soc., 1870 , 23, 368 1871, 24, 37. ref ref Reactions of carbonyl compounds in basic solutions. Part 32.1 The Perkin rearrangement Keith Bowden and Sinan Battah J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1 ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 413891449 IUPAC name 5 methoxy 2 H furo 3,2 g chromen 2 one image Bergapten.png CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 2265 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D07521 InChI 1 C12H8O4 c1 14 12 7 2 3 11 13 16 10 7 6 9 8 12 4 5 15 9 h2 6H,1H3 smiles O C 1Oc3c C C 1 c OC c2ccoc2c3 InChIKey BGEBZHIAGXMEMV UHFFFAOYAX StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H8O4 c1 14 12 7 2 3 11 13 16 10 7 6 9 8 12 4 5 15 9 h2 6H,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey BGEBZHIAGXMEMV UHFFFAOYSA N CAS number 484 20 8 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 24171 ATC prefix D05 ATC suffix BA03 PubChem 2355 DrugBank C 12 H 8 O 4 molecular weight 216.19 g mol bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Bergapten 5 methoxypsoralen is a psoralen also known as furocoumarin furocoumarins found in Bergamot oil bergamot essential oil and many other citrus essential oils ref HPLC profile of citrus essential oils from different species and geographic origin Calvarano I., Calvarano M., Gionfriddo F., Bovalo F., Postorino E. Essenze Derivati agrumari 65, 488 502 1995 ref , and is the chemical in bergamot oil that causes phototoxicity . ref Elimination of Furocoumarins in Bergamot Peel Oil Francesco Gionfriddo, Enrico Postorino and Giuseppe Calabr Perfumer & Flavorist Vol. 29 July August 2004 ref References reflist Antipsoriatics coumarin Category Furanocoumarins Category Phenol ethers dermatologic drug stub de Bergapten it Bergaptene ... more details
A blood borne disease is one that can be spread by contamination by blood . The most common examples are HIV , hepatitis B , hepatitis C and viral hemorrhagic fever s. Diseases that are not usually transmitted directly by blood contact, but rather by insect or other vector, are more usefully classified as vector borne disease , even though the causative agent can be found in blood. Vector borne diseases include West Nile virus and malaria . Many blood borne diseases can also be transmitted by other means, including high risk sexual behaviour. Since it is difficult to determine what pathogens any given blood contains, and some blood borne diseases are lethal, standard medical practice regards all blood and any body fluid as potentially infective. Blood and Body Fluid precautions are a type of infection control practice that seeks to minimize this sort of disease transmission. Blood poses the greatest threat to health in a laboratory or clinical setting due to needle disposal techniques. Blood for blood transfusion is screened for many blood borne diseases. Additionally, a technique that uses a combination of Pathogen Reduction Using Riboflavin and UV Light riboflavin and UV light to inhibit the replication of these pathogens by altering their nucleic acids can be used to treat blood components prior to their transfusion, and can reduce the risk of disease transmission. ref Goodrich RP, et. al., A Laboratory Comparison of Pathogen Reduction Technology Treatment and Culture of Platelet Products for Addressing Bacterial Contamination Concerns. Transfusion 2009 49 1205 1216. ref ref Ruane PH, et. al., Photochemical Inactivation of Selected Viruses and Bacteria in Platelet Concentrates Using Riboflavin and Light. Transfusion 2004 44 877 885. ref ref Goodrich RP, et. al. The Mirasol PRT System for Pathogen Reduction of Platelets and Plasma An Overview of Current Status and Future Trends. Transfusion and Apheresis Science 2006 35 1 5 17. ref Technology using the synthetic p ... more details
Cleanup date March 2009 Refimprove date June 2008 Infobox disease Name Photodermatitis Image Sun poisoning.JPG ImageSize 200px Caption An image of a patch of sun poisoning on the left forearm. DiseasesDB 24609 ICD10 ICD10 L 57 8 l 55 ICD9 ICD9 692.79 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D010787 Photodermatitis , sometimes referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure. The second and subsequent exposures produce photoallergic skin conditions which are often eczema tous. Causes Many medications and conditions can cause sun sensitivity, including psoralen s, coal tar s, photo active dyes eosin , acridine orange musk ambrette , methylcoumarin , lemon oil may be present in fragrances PABA found in sunscreens salicylanilide found in industrial cleaners St John s Wort , used to treat clinical depression Hexachlorophene found in some antibacterial soaps Contact with sap from Giant Hogweed . Common Rue Ruta graveolins is another phototoxic plant commonly found in gardens. Tetracycline antibiotics NSAID s. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic Sparfloxacin in 2 of cases. Amiodarone , used to treat atrial fibrillation Pellagra Photodermatitis can also be caused by plants. This is called phytophotodermatitis . Lime Oil Lemon Oil Orange Oil Symptoms May result in swelling, a burning sensation, a red itchy rash sometimes resembling small blisters , and peeling of the skin. Nausea may also occur. There may also be blotches of large to small areas where the itching may persist for long periods of time. In these areas an unsightly orange to brown tint may form, usually near or on the face. Prevention Prevention includes avoiding exposure to the sun Stay inside during the brightest hours of the day, from noon to 3 p.m. Cover up wear long sleeves, slacks , and a wide brimmed hat whene ... more details
Infobox Person name Henry Rapoport image Henry Rapoport.jpg image size caption Rapoport in 1985 birth date Nov. 16, 1918 birth place Brooklyn , New York NY death date Mar. 6, 2002 death place Berkeley, California Berkeley , California CA occupation Professor of Chemistry spouse Sonya Rapoport Henry Rapoport November 16, 1918 March 6, 2002 was an internationally renowned organic chemistry organic chemist and Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley . He is widely recognized for his work in the development of the chemical synthesis of biologically important compounds and pharmaceuticals. Henry Rapoport obtained a B.S. in chemistry in 1940, an M.S. in chemistry in 1941, and a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1943, each from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He then worked at Heyden Chemical Corporation and the National Institutes of Health for several years. In 1946, he became a professor at UC Berkeley where he remained for the rest of his career. In 1989, he retired but continued his research as professor emeritus until his death from pneumonia in 2002. He was particularly noted for the total synthesis of heterocyclic drugs and natural product s, including porphyrin s, camptothecin , saxitoxin , psoralen s, antibiotics, antitumor compounds, and opium alkaloid s such as morphine , codeine , and hydromorphone . His research led to the publication over 400 papers and 33 patents. His discoveries were the scientific foundation for numerous companies that Rapoport helped to start including HRI Research, HRI Associates, Advanced Genetics Research Institute, Cerus Corporation, ChemQuip, and Oncologic. In his honor, UC Berkeley has established the Henry Rapoport Endowed Chair in Organic Chemistry, currently held by Jean Frechet . Daniel E. Levy dedicated his recent book, Arrow Pushing in Organic Chemistry An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms to Henry Rapoport. Major awards 1955 Guggenheim Fellowship br 1972 Research Achievement ... more details
taxobox name Ammi visnaga image Ammi visnaga A5.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae genus Ammi genus Ammi species A. visnaga binomial Ammi visnaga binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus L. Jean Baptiste Lamarck Lam. synonyms Visnaga daucoides Ammi visnaga is a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae carrot family known by many common names, including bisnaga , toothpickweed , and khella . It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but it can be found throughout the world as an introduced species . This is an annual or biennial herb growing from a taproot erect to a maximum height near 80 centimeters. Leaves are up to 20 centimeters long and generally oval to triangular in shape but dissected into many small linear to lance shaped segments. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of white flowers similar to those of other Apiaceae species. The fruit is a compressed oval shaped body less than 3 millimeters long. This and other Ammi species are sources of khellin , a diuretic extract. Khella was used in Ancient Egypt as a herbal remedy for renal colic . Medicinal Uses Visnagin, which is found in Ammi visnaga, has biological activity as a vasodilator and reduces blood pressure by inhibiting calcium influx into the cell . ref Lee J. K., Jung J. S., Park S. H., Park S. H., Sim Y. B., Kim S. M., Ha T. S., Suh H. W., Anti inflammatory effect of visnagin in lipopolysaccharide stimulated BV 2 microglial cells. Archives of Pharmacal Research 2010 33 11 1843 1850 ref Traditionally A.visnaga tea has been used for kidney stones. Tests on rats have been promising. ref Vanachayangkul P., Chow N., Khan S.R., Butterweck V. Prevention of renal crystal deposition by an extract of Ammi visnaga L. and its constituents khellin and visnagin in hyperoxaluric rats Urological Research 2010 1 7 ref Ancient Egyptian and Indian writings describe vitiligo treated with psoralen containing plants such as A ... more details
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